Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR. Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Russia
APN USSR), scientific. an institution that united scientists in the field of pedagogy, psychology, and other sciences, as well as people's leaders. education. Created by post. Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of 6 Oct. 1943 in Moscow as the Academy of Ped. Sciences of the RSFSR. In order to combine scientific-ped. country forces and research coordination post. Central Committee of the CPSU and Council of Ministers of the USSR of August 1. 1966 transformed into the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR. Worked until the end. 1991.
APN Presidents: V. P. Potemkin (1943-46), I. A. Kairov (1946-67), V. M. Khvostov (1967-71), V. N. Stoletov (1972-81), M. I. Kondakov (1981-87), V. G. Kostomarov (1990-91).
The tasks and structure of the academy, rights and obligations are valid. members (academicians) and corresponding members were determined by the Charter. The APN of the USSR operated under the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, the Ministry of Education of the USSR. After 1987, it was accountable to the State. to the USSR according to Nar. education.
APN conducted psycho-ped. research with the aim of improving the teacher-educate. process in the account. institutions of various type; tasks were assigned to the APS: ensuring the participation of creatively working teachers in scientific. research; generalization and dissemination of experience in the development of education and ped. science in the USSR and abroad; coordination in the country of research in priority areas of development of ped. science and the implementation of scientific. connections with the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, branch and rep. academies, scientific about-you and other org-tions; establishing, within its competence, direct links with foreign countries. scientific institutions, the creation of scientific. problematic advice on diff. directions of development of ped. science, scientific organizations. conferences and meetings. Published research results, published scientific papers. and scientific-popular magazines; awarded prizes and medals of the Academy; carried out training and advanced training of scientific-ped. frames.
Higher body APN - General meeting of members of the academy, which was convened 3 times a year to discuss the problems of development of ped. science, decisions of important organizations. questions, selection of new members. The members of the academy were elected scientists, creatively working teachers, lecturers, people's leaders. education and culture. The activities of the academy in the periods between sessions were led by the Presidium, elected by the General Assembly for a period of 5 years, it included the president, 3 vice-presidents, ch. scientific secretary, members of the Presidium in the number determined by the General Meeting.
The structure of the APN has changed several times. The APN (1990) included 69 full members and 78 full members; departments: methodology, theory and history of pedagogy, general and prof. education; psychology, developmental physiology and defectology; philosophy, sociology, education and culture; 20 N.-i. in-tov (some of them with branches) in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Irkutsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, Tomsk. The academy was in charge of 17 ex-sperim. uch. institutions (over 11 thousand students and about 1000 teachers). According to the APN plans, approx. 700 experimental teachers and St. 1000 basic schools. Under the APN, Vses was created. Institute of retraining and advanced training scientific-ped. and leading cadres. education. In 1990, St. 670 people, including St. 480 people full-time, in doctoral studies - 12 people. When APN had State. scientific-ped. b-ka them. K. D. Ushinsky (see in the article Pedagogical Libraries), which functioned as Scientific and Practical. center of ped. information, Vses. correspondence math. school, scientific archive and Khudozh.-ped. toy museum (Zagorsk). Under the Presidium of the APN, an editorial and publishing house acted. advice. Publishing house The activities of the academy were carried out predominately. through the publishing house "Pedagogy". APN published the magazines Sov. Pedagogy”, “Issues of Psychology”, “Family and School”, “Rus. language in national school”, “Defectology”, joint. from the Academy of Sciences of the USSR - zhurn. "Quantum".
APN awarded Academy Prizes, including them. N. K. Krupskaya (since 1969) and them. K. D. Ushinsky (since 1946). APN regularly organized Vses. ped. readings and competitions of teacher reports.
In pre-revolutionary Russia there were no scientific institutions for pedagogical sciences and no state higher educational institutions and departments of pedagogy. The composition of teachers in gymnasiums and other secondary educational institutions was usually replenished from among persons with a university education.
Only in the last pre-revolutionary decade, 5 higher pedagogical educational institutions were opened at private expense: the Pedagogical Academy, the Lesgaft courses and the Higher Frebel Courses in St. Petersburg, the Shelaputin Pedagogical Institute in Moscow and the Frebel Institute in Kyiv.
In the process of creating the Soviet school, the question of the development of pedagogical science and the organization of scientific and pedagogical institutions was raised with great acuteness. As a result, in 1919-1920. Narkompros opened the Central Institute of Physics and Education, the Central Natural Pedagogical Institute, the Central Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute. In the same years, the Scientific Institute for Children's Reading was opened. On the basis of the central pedagogical institutes, the Research Institute of School Work Methods was established (1922). Then the Leningrad Institute of Scientific Pedagogics (1924), the Institute of Methods of Out-of-School Work with Children (1923) and the Research Pedagogical Institute at the Second Moscow University (1926) were opened.
At the same time, research institutes were organized: planning and organizing public education, polytechnic education, elementary school, program-methodical, out-of-school education, the Central Institute for the Education of Nationalities, the Institute of Toys, the House of Artistic Education of Children, etc.
The pedagogical section of the educational and methodological council of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR acted as the main base for the development and discussion of theoretical issues of pedagogy and psychology. The section and its leader I. A. Kairov were entrusted with the coordination of all research work in the field of pedagogical sciences.
Thus, the creation of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR as the highest scientific institution, bringing together the most prominent scientists in the field of pedagogical sciences, was a natural completion of the process of organizing the leading center of pedagogical science.
On October 6, 1943, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution "On the organization of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR." The Academy was charged with: scientific development of issues of general pedagogy, special pedagogy, history of pedagogy, psychology, school hygiene, methods of teaching basic disciplines in primary and secondary schools, training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in pedagogy and psychology through postgraduate and doctoral studies. The Academy was called upon to generalize the experience of the country's best teachers, to provide scientific assistance to schools, pedagogy departments of higher educational institutions in preparation for the publication of school textbooks and teaching aids.
Academician V.P. Potemkin, People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR, was approved as the first president of the APN of the RSFSR.
The Council of People's Commissars approved the Charter of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR and determined the following composition of its institutions:
- Research Institute of Theory and History of Pedagogy;
- Research Institute of Teaching Methods;
- Research Institute of Psychology;
- Research Institute of Defectology;
- Museum of public education;
- State library for public education.
The Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of March 11, 1944 approved the first composition of full members (13 people) and corresponding members (13 people) of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR.
The full members included: professors A. S. Barkov, V. N. Verkhovsky, I. A. Kairov, K. N. Kornilov, E. N. Medynsky, N. V. Chekhov, academicians of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR N. S. Derzhavin, S. P. Obnorsky, A. M. Pankratova, V. P. Potemkin, L. V. Shcherba, A. N. Tolstoy, and Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences A. Ya. Khinchin.
The first staff of the Academy's scientists had the task of sorting out all the incoming proposals, carrying out scientific planning of the work of the Academy, staffing the institutes, and determining what problems should be developed in the first place.
Since the Academy was established during the Great Patriotic War, the plans of its research work quite naturally intertwined peaceful and military topics.
It is no coincidence that, describing the work of the Institute of Psychology for the Front in these years, its director S. L. Rubinshtein said: “Defense topics basically followed three main channels. The first channel set itself the goal of providing direct assistance to the army in improving surveillance and reconnaissance ... The second channel of this defense work was connected with the issue of military training - with the training of military specialists. Actually, it was about the initial training of pilots and radio operators ... The third line of defense work was connected with the problem of restoring the functions of post-war wounds and military injuries ... ".
By June 1944, the first work plan of the Academy was developed. It provided for the scientific development and substantiation of the issues of general education, the principles for locating and planning a network of schools, improving the content of education and, on this basis, raising the level of educational work in schools, studying the problems of child and educational psychology, general and military psychology, and social pedagogy.
A large place in the work plan of the Academy was given to the study of the activities of schools and teachers during the Great Patriotic War. A special commission was established at the Academy to compile a chronicle of the life and activities of the school during the war years. Its tasks included the collection, systematization and preparation for publication of relevant materials and documents.
The wide scope of work, the complexity of the scientific problems being developed urgently demanded constant attention to the tasks of forming the leadership of the Academy.
According to the Charter, scientists who enriched pedagogical science with works of special scientific significance could be elected full members of the Academy; as corresponding members - scientists in the field of pedagogical sciences and at the same time figures of public education. Persons actively participating in the scientific activities of the Academy were subject to election.
Therefore, the composition of full members and corresponding members of the Academy was replenished mainly from among the scientists of the APS of the RSFSR itself, scientists of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, figures of higher education, as well as figures of public education and creatively working teachers who showed interest in science.
As of June 1, 1952, the Academy consisted of 94 people, of which 35 were full members. In 1975, V.A. I. Pavlova (teacher of geography from the Ryazan region), S. I. Goreslavsky (director of the Pyatigorsk secondary school in the Stavropol Territory). In 1965, the Academy was allowed to have 110 members, of which 35 are full members and 75 are correspondent members.
The formation and development of the Academy as a higher scientific institution was ensured by a clear organization of administrative and economic activities and a deep development of its main statutory provisions. The sphere of activity of the Academy and its auxiliary scientific bodies, which provided research work, was specified, the structure of the Presidium apparatus was determined, the staffing table and budget were approved. Much attention was paid to the creation of new institutions and the transformation of existing ones.
Back in November 1944, on the basis of the laboratory of school hygiene and developmental physiology of the Institute of Theory and History of Pedagogy, the Research Institute of School Hygiene was organized, with N. A. Semashko as its director. In 1949, this institution was reorganized into the Institute of Physical Education and School Hygiene (director A. A. Markosyan).
In the autumn of 1944, under the leadership of I. A. Kairov, a pedagogical laboratory was created at school No. 349 in the Baumansky district of Moscow to combine scientific work with the practice of the school. All its employees conducted educational work at the school, and school teachers took part in scientific research.
In 1944, the Academy was transferred to the Central House of Artistic Education of Children, which was transformed in 1946 into the Research Institute of Artistic Education (director K.V. Golovskaya, and then V.N. Shatskaya). In those years, the creation of such an institute was of great importance for the development and improvement of the artistic education of children, for strengthening aesthetic education in a general education school, in the system of extracurricular work, and in higher pedagogical educational institutions.
In 1944, the Museum of Public Education was opened at the Academy (director N. A. Konstantinov). Expanding his work on the history of pedagogy, he paid great attention to the coverage of the activities of advanced Soviet schools and teachers. The museum prepared mobile exhibitions and selected materials showing the experience of organizational and methodological work.
In April 1945, the Institute of Pedagogical Education was organized on the basis of the Pedagogical Education Office of the Institute of Theory and History of Pedagogics. Unfortunately, the lack of material conditions and the difficulty in recruiting personnel, especially for the development of higher education pedagogy, led to the fact that the Institute was closed in 1948.
Scientific institutions of Leningrad occupied a special place in the development of pedagogical science and schools. In 1945, a branch of the Academy was organized here, consisting of three departments - theory and history of pedagogy, teaching methods and psychology. The Institute of Special Schools of the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR, the library of the former State Institute of Scientific Pedagogics, and the pedagogical library of the Academy of Communist Education named after A.I. N. K. Krupskaya. P. N. Gruzdev was approved as the chairman of the branch of the Academy.
In 1945, the publishing house and printing house of the Academy were organized, which was an important step for the further development of its scientific activity. An important role in managing the publication of the Academy's works, their evaluation and planning was played by the Editorial and Publishing Council (RIS). Its initial composition was approved in the amount of 14 people. Chairman of the Council - President of the Academy V.P. Potemkin.
Such composition of RIS emphasized both its legal status and high professionalism and authority. As a result, over the years of its work, the publishing house has published: a) collected works and selected works of the most prominent domestic and foreign representatives of pedagogical thought; b) monographs, collections and teaching aids on various subjects for teachers. A total of 418 monographs and collections of major works of the Academy and its institutes were published on the issues of teaching and educating students; c) Children's Encyclopedia, Pedagogical Encyclopedia, as well as dictionary and encyclopedia publications to help the teacher; d) experimental textbooks and scientific and experimental works of institutes and laboratories of the Academy, carried out in the order of orders. 1206 titles published; e) "Handbook for an elementary school teacher"; f) "Pedagogical Readings" - a series of books created on the basis of reports read at the "Pedagogical Readings" of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR. There are 2408 articles by teachers in 410 books in this series; g) magazines "Soviet Pedagogy" (monthly, circulation 55 thousand copies), "Family and School" (monthly, circulation about 700 thousand copies), "Issues of Psychology" (two-monthly, circulation 6 thousand copies), "Russian language in the national school" (two-monthly, circulation 14 thousand copies).
In August 1966, the APS of the RSFSR was transformed into the APS of the USSR, which, in turn, in 1992 was reorganized into the Russian Academy of Education.
DOCUMENTS FROM THE RAO ARCHIVE:
On the organization of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR
October 6, 1943
About the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR
February 14, 1944
On the transformation of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR into the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR
Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR
August 1, 1966
Charter of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR
Approved by the General Meeting of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR
August 29, 1967
DOCUMENTS FROM THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION:
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated October 6, 1943 No. 1092 "On approval of the draft Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR "On the organization of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR""
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of October 6, 1943 No. 832 "On the organization of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR"
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of February 14, 1944 No. 138 "On approval of the Charter of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR"
Charter of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR, approved. Fast. SNK No. 138 dated February 14, 1944
Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR dated March 11, 1944 No. 196 "On approval of the composition of full members and corresponding members of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR", instead of the one sent out
Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR
USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences
Russian Academy of Education
RAO - State Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation, uniting scientists working in the field of education and pedagogy
- The Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR was founded in 1943.
- 1966 - it was transformed into the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR under the Ministry of Education of the USSR
- 1992 - RAO became the successor of the union academy
- Presidents of the APN of the RSFSR:
- 1943-46 - V.P. Potemkin
- 1946-50 - I.F. Svadkovsky
- 1950-66 - I.A.Kairov
- Presidents of the APN of the USSR:
- 1967-71 - V.M. Khvostov
- 1972-81 - V.N. Stoletov
- 1981-87 - M.I. Kondakov
- 1987-88 - I.D. Zverev (acting)
- 1989-90 - V.D. Shadrikov (acting)
- 1990-91 - V.G. Kostomarov
- RAO Presidents:
- 1992-97 - A.V. Petrovsky
- since 2013 - L.A. Verbitskaya
Compound
- The annual meeting of the Russian Academy of Education took place on December 19, 2011
- A.V. Petrovsky was appointed President-Organizer of the Russian Academy of Education in 1992
- 1992-97 - the first president A.V. Petrovsky
- 1997-2013 - N.D. Nikandrov
- Since October 2013 - President Lyudmila Verbitskaya
- The RAO has 278 members (academicians and corresponding members), as well as individual structural units and organizations.
- Presidium
- Department of Philosophy of Education and Theoretical Pedagogy
- Institute of Theory and History of Pedagogy
- Department of Psychology and Developmental Physiology
- Psychological Institute named after L.G. Shchukina (PI RAO)
- Institute for the Development of Preschool Education
- Institute of Age Physiology
- Institute of Correctional Pedagogy
- Department of General Secondary Education
- Institute of Content and Teaching Methods
- Institute for Educational Research on Giftedness
- Institute for the Development of Educational Systems
- Federal State Scientific Institution "Institute of Scientific and Pedagogical Information"
- Institute of Education Management
- Institute for Strategic Studies in Education
- Department of Vocational Education
- Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology of Vocational Education
- Institute of Teacher Education and Adult Education
- Institute of Informatization of Education
- Department of Education and Culture
- State Research Institute of Family and Education
- Institute of Art Education
- Institute of Social and Pedagogical Problems of a Rural School
- Institute of Sociology of Education (until 2008 - Center for Sociology of Education; director - V.S.Sobkin)
- Institute of Cultural Studies of Education (Director - T.V. Temirov)
- Regional branches and institutions of the Russian Academy of Education
- Educational institutions of the Russian Academy of Education
- University of the Russian Academy of Education
- Organizations of scientific service and social sphere
- Scientific Pedagogical Library named after K.D.Ushinsky
Psychology and other sciences, as well as prominent figures in public education.
Created in August 1966 as a result of the transformation of the APN of the RSFSR. According to the charter, the aim of the APN was to develop and implement research in the leading areas of pedagogy, psychology, developmental physiology and other sciences that develop issues of education and training of the younger generation. The tasks of A. included identifying opportunities for improving education, upbringing and training, preparing scientific recommendations for their use in the system of public education, as well as developing mechanisms for improving the system of training and advanced training of teaching staff. In addition, the APN was entrusted with the coordination of research in the field of pedagogical sciences, assistance in the development of pedagogical sciences in the Union republics and the dissemination of pedagogical knowledge. The structure of the APN has changed several times: in the 1970s. it included 3 departments: theory and history of pedagogy, didactics and private methods, psychology and developmental physiology. The APS included 12 research institutes: general pedagogy, general and pedagogical psychology, physiology of children and adolescents, preschool education, general problems of education, content and teaching methods, school equipment and technical teaching aids, artistic education, labor training and vocational guidance, teaching Russian language in the national school, general adult education and defectology. Also on the basis of A. functioned 10 experimental schools, a library for public education. KD Ushinsky, Scientific archive and other institutions. In 1990, the APS of the USSR included departments of methodology, theory and history of pedagogy, general and vocational education; psychology, developmental physiology and defectology; philosophy, sociology, education and culture, as well as 20 research institutes in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Irkutsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata and Tomsk. Also under the jurisdiction of the APN were 17 experimental educational institutions. The All-Russian Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel and Leadership Personnel of Public Education was created under the APN. At the APS there were also postgraduate and doctoral studies, the State Scientific and Pedagogical Library named after. K. D. Ushinsky, All-Russian Correspondence Mathematical School, Scientific Archive and the Art and Pedagogical Museum of Toys in Zagorsk. Under the Presidium of the APN, there was an editorial and publishing council: A.'s publishing activity was carried out mainly through the Pedagogy publication. The APN published the journals Soviet Pedagogy, Issues of Psychology, Family and School, Russian Language in the National School, Defectology, and, together with the USSR Academy of Sciences, the journal Kvant. APN since 1946 awarded the prize to them. K. D. Ushinsky, and since 1969 - them. N. K. Krupskaya. The APN also regularly organized All-Russian Pedagogical Readings and competitions of teacher reports, maintained contacts with scientific and pedagogical institutions in 96 countries. The supreme governing body of the APN was the General Meeting of its members, convened at least 2 times a year, and in the period between sessions of the General Meeting - the Presidium, elected for a period of 5 years. Presidents of the APS of the USSR: I. A. Kairov (1946-1967), V. M. Khvostov (1967-1971), V. N. Stoletov (1972-1981), M. I. Kondakov (1981-1987), V. G. Kostomarov (1990-1991). At the end of 1991, the RAO became the successor to the Union Academy.
Russian Historical Encyclopedia