What is spelling analysis of the word met. Spelling analysis
Often, when completing assignments in the Russian language, schoolchildren and students are faced with the need to perform a spelling analysis of a word. To do this, you need to know spellings and be able to analyze and apply them in practice. A spelling chart helps to spell words correctly in accordance with the rules or established spelling traditions. By analyzing the word in detail, we find out why the letter is written this way and not otherwise. Today I will tell you how to correctly spell a word.
In order to correctly perform all the actions, see the spelling in the word and apply it correctly, an entire algorithm has been developed.
By following the steps below, you will correctly spell the word and be sure to get good grade. This material will also be useful for parents who work with their children and help them with homework. After all, in order to be able to help a child, the parents themselves must first study and understand the topic.
Need to see the spelling
First of all, when parsing a word, you need to see the spelling in it. Sound and written speech are very different from each other - many words are written completely differently from how they are perceived by ear. For example, we say “sha G ”, and we hear “sha To " Without knowledge of spelling, some will write as they hear. Or you can apply the rule and put “step” in the plural – “sha G And ". After finding out the correct letter, feel free to write the word. Or “g O ra” (we hear “g A ra”) – forming the plural “r” O ry” and write correctly. The same sound we hear can be represented in writing by a different letter, for example:
- we hear “and”, and we write “and” - “p” And la” [p’i]la, or “e” - “p e juice” [p’i] juice, “I” - “m I snoy” [m’i]snoy, “a”– h A sy [h’i]sy, “e” – “excavator” [and] excavator;
- we hear [speckled], and we write “crab”, or [kupatsa] – “swim”, [shield] – “count”.
Therefore, the most correct thing would be not to write by ear, but to think a little and apply the spelling.
After discovering the spelling in a word, you need to choose a rule that will help you write the right letter correctly. The system of correct spelling of words in Russian is based on three principles:
- morpheme parsing words ();
- use of alternating vowels and consonants;
- principle based on historical or traditional spelling words (here the main advisers are dictionaries).
Easy to remember spelling
But it is important not only to memorize spellings, but also to understand in which words they are used, so that when writing, when you doubt the correct spelling of a word, you can check yourself using the rules. One of the undeniable expressions is that you need to read more, and not modern books, where errors are common, and classics in old editions, where there was no question of incorrect spelling. This method will not only allow you to have a pleasant time with best friend- a book, but will also significantly increase the level of literacy of a book lover. Then, when writing, a schoolchild or student will spend less time selecting and applying spelling patterns.
Choose the right rule
The basis of any spelling rule is the definition of the part of speech and composition of the word being tested. In order to determine the composition of a word, it is necessary to perform its morphemic analysis. During the actions, the following symbols are used: ending, suffix, root and prefix. This is necessary in order to find out which spelling should be used. After all, if you need to check the correct spelling of a letter in a prefix, you cannot apply the spelling for the root to it, and vice versa. Setting a part of speech will help by asking a question about a word or finding out what the word means.
Setting the part of speech
So, we come to the actual spelling analysis of the word. It is carried out according to the following scheme:
- the control word is written out separately and read aloud;
- letters missing in a word are inserted or brackets are opened;
- the place in the word where the spelling is present is emphasized, and the morpheme in which it is located is highlighted with a symbol;
- the spelling is called along with all its characteristics: what place does it occupy in the word and why did it appear, is it possible to select test word, the conditions for its spelling are also explained in writing or orally;
Signs of spelling
- a test word is indicated (if it exists), where the sound will sound more clearly and strongly, or whose structure is identical to the word in question (same grammatical form and morpheme), examples of other words with the same spelling are given.
By following this scheme, you will give the correct answer to the teacher and correctly perform a spelling analysis.
Spelling analysis of words using examples
For example, in the textbook there is a sentence: “The slope..(n, nn)th tr..va lies in even rows" It is necessary, in accordance with the spelling norms of the Russian language, to correctly insert letters into words and explain why this is so (perform a spelling analysis of the words). Following the above diagram, we answer the following:
- the word “oblique” is a participle, the spelling is present in the suffix;
- the word “mowed” is a passive participle used in the past tense, and “nn” is written in such words if they were formed by verbs of the perfect form (mow - what to do?), also - painted, written;
- suffix —
enne
written in those participles that are formed from verbs:
- the stem of which (the unchangeable part of the word, separated from the formative suffix and ending) ends in a consonant;
- ending in -it, -et;
- the words “grass” and “rows” have an unstressed vowel at the root of the word, which is checked by placing the word under stress: “tr A va "is placed in the plural - "tr A you ", and the word "r I dami” – singular and nominative case “r” I d".
Let's look at another example: “The April rain fell for the first time and refreshed everything around" Here, unlike the first example, spelling patterns are not indicated - they need to be found.
- “doge d ь” - the spelling is in a paired consonant at the end and is checked by setting the word so that the letter being checked sounds clear and distinct (in our case it is “dozh” d and");
- “pro w el":
- for the letter “ o ” – prefixes do not change regardless of their pronunciation (prefixpro- There is, great- - No);
- for the letter “ e" - if at the root under the stress after the hissing sounds the sound “o” is heard, then “e” is written ( “passed”, “burnt”, “dash”);
- “
about freshl":
- for the letter “ o ” – the same spelling as for the prefix in the word “passed” (prefixO- There is, A - No);
- for the letter “ e ” – the vowel is fundamentally unstressed, we select a test word under stress (“sv e live");
- for the letter “ and “ – spelling “zhi, shi ”;
- “Vo circle g”:
- for the letter “ o ” – correct spelling of prefixes (prefixin- There is, va- - No);
- for the letter “ g” – we change the word so that the consonant at the end sounds clear and distinct (“in kru G e ");
- the derivative preposition “around” is written together, as it is formed from an adverb.
Correct understanding and application of spelling patterns is one of the keys to spelling in particular and literacy in general.
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Spelling analysis (analysis under number 6)
The first task is identify spelling.
The vast majority of spelling errors occur due to a discrepancy between the sound and letter composition of the word. The same vowel sound can be indicated in writing in different letters, for example: sound [i] - and worlds [m'i]ry, e change [m'i]nyat, I nickel [p'i]so, and [i] clock [h'i]sy, e floor [ i]tazh; consonants are likened to each other (pond [prut], with a friend [zdrugam], with something [sch’emta], wash [mytsa])…
Print out ““, let it be constantly before your eyes.
The page ““ will help you identify the spelling.
Second task - select the required rule.
The algorithm of any spelling rule is based on two “pillars”: word composition And part of speech.
The file ““ will help you learn how to quickly parse words according to their composition.
You can determine the part of speech by general grammatical meaning and the question from the table ( see below).
Word spelling scheme
1. Write down the control word.
2. Insert missing letters or open brackets.
3. Underline the place of spelling in the word.
4. Name the spelling and explain (orally or in writing) the conditions for correct spelling.
5. Indicate the test word (if possible) and give examples of words with this spelling.
Examples of spelling analysis of words
The slope..(n,nn)th tr..va lies in even rows.
Beveled
- spelling suffixes of participles.
1) two letters " n" are written in the suffixes of passive past participles, if the word is formed from a perfective verb (what to do? - mow): painted, read;
2) suffix - enne-written in participles formed from verbs in -it, -et or verbs with a consonant stem: paint - painted; see - seen.
Grass, next to each other
- unstressed checked vowel at the root of the word; checked by accent:
grass - grass, rows - row; water - water, forests - forest.
The April rain fell for the first time and refreshed everything around. (Find words with spellings)
rain
- the spelling of unpronounceable consonants is checked by changing the form of the word so that the consonant sounds clearly: rain - rains, local - place.
about she l
- spelling of prefixes; spelling o - ё after sibilants at the root
about yes, no prefix
2) if at the root under stress after hissing ones one hears o, it is written e (past e dshiy); lit, black
O
fresh l
- spelling of prefixes; combinations zhi, shi at the root
1) vowels and consonants in prefixes do not change regardless of pronunciation, prefix O Yes, consoles or not
2) after hissing words y, ya, yu are not written, i, a, y are written; resident, hour, miracle
in a circle
- spelling of prefixes; voiced and voiceless consonants
1) vowels and consonants in prefixes do not change regardless of pronunciation, prefix in yes, no console
2) at the absolute end of a word or before a consonant, paired consonants are checked by changing the form of the word so that the consonant sounds clearly: around - in a circle; shore - shores.
Spelling analysis involves oral or written analysis of spelling patterns in a word. When performing a spelling analysis, you need to correctly write down a word given with a missing letter, or open the brackets, highlight the place of the spelling in the word, name the spelling and determine the conditions for its selection. If necessary, indicate a test word and give examples of this spelling.
Word spelling scheme
1. Write down the control word.
2. Insert missing letters or open brackets.
3. Underline the place of spelling in the word.
4. Name the spelling and explain (orally or in writing) the conditions for correct spelling.
5. Indicate the test word (if possible) and give examples of words with this spelling.
Sample spelling analysis of a word
The slope..(n,nn)th tr..va lies in even rows.
Oblique - spelling of participle suffixes.
- two letters “n” are written in the suffixes of passive past participles if the word is formed from a perfective verb (what to do? - mow): painted, read;
- the suffix -enn-is written in participles formed from verbs ending in -it, -et or verbs with a base ending in a consonant: paint - painted; see - seen, save - saved.
Grass, in rows - unstressed checked vowel at the root of the word; verified by stress: grass - grass, rows - row; water - water, forests - forest.