What letters of the Russian alphabet are not. The number of letters in the alphabets of different peoples
Letter is a written sign that denotes a certain sound. The same letter can represent different sounds. For example, a letter G in a word around denotes the sound [g], and in the word circle- sound [k].
All letters used in written speech and arranged in the accepted order are called alphabetically.
The Russian alphabet contains 33 letters. Letters are divided into large (capital) - A, T, F, and small (lowercase) - a, t, w. Each letter has a name: A- A, T- te, L- ale, TO- ka and so on, a certain place in the alphabet and its own style, which distinguishes it from other letters.
Russian language alphabet
Russian alphabet with transcription of letters:
Letters | Transcription | Letters | Transcription | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
printed | uppercase | printed | uppercase | |||
A a | A a | [A] | R p | R p | [er] | |
B b | B b | [be] | C with | C with | [es] | |
in in | in in | [ve] | T t | T t | [te] | |
G g | G g | [ge] | u u | u u | [y] | |
D d | D d | [de] | f f | f f | [ef] | |
Her | Her | [th "e] | x x | x x | [Ha] | |
Her | Her | [th "o] | C c | C c | [ce] | |
F | F | [ge] | h h | h h | [che] | |
W h | W h | [ze] | W w | W w | [sha] | |
And and | And and | [And] | u u | u u | [sha] | |
th | th | and short [th"] |
b b | b b | solid mark | |
K to | K to | [ka] | s s | s s | [s] | |
L l | L l | [el"] | b b | b b | soft sign | |
Mm | Mm | [Em] | uh uh | uh uh | [e] | |
N n | N n | [en] | yu yu | yu yu | [th "y] | |
Oh oh | Oh oh | [O] | I am | I am | [th "a] | |
P p | P p | [ne] |
Block and capital letters
Each letter has two types of outline: printed and uppercase. Printed letters are used in books, websites and so on. Capital letters are written by hand, that is, they are handwritten.
A a, D d, M m - printed letters
A a, D e, M m - capital letters
The division of letters into printed and uppercase is rather conditional, since on the one hand there are fonts that imitate capitalization, on the other hand there are people who are more comfortable writing in block letters, rather than displaying capital letters.
Consonants and vowels of the alphabet
The Russian alphabet contains 33 letters, of which 10 are vowels:
a, e, e, i, o, u, s, e, u, i
21 consonants:
b, c, d, e, f, h, d, k, l, m, n
p, r, s, t, f, x, c, h, w, u
The importance of writing in the development of mankind is difficult to overestimate. Back in the era when the alphabet did not exist in sight, ancient people tried to express their thoughts in the form of rock inscriptions.
Alphabet of Elizabeth Boehm
First they drew figurines of animals and humans, then various signs and hieroglyphs. Over time, people managed to create easy-to-understand letters and put them into an alphabet. Who was the creator of the alphabet of the Russian language? To whom do we owe the opportunity to express ourselves freely through writing?
Who laid the foundation of the Russian alphabet?
The history of the emergence of the Russian alphabet goes back to the 2nd millennium BC. Then the ancient Phoenicians came up with consonants and used them for a long time to draw up documents.
In the VIII century BC, their discovery was borrowed by the ancient Greeks, who significantly improved the letter by adding vowels to it. In the future, it was the Greek alphabet, with the help of which statutory (solemn) letters were compiled, that formed the basis of the Russian alphabet.
Who created the Russian alphabet?
In the Bronze Age in Eastern Europe Proto-Slavic peoples lived, speaking the same language.
Primer Slavonic writings of the Greatest Teacher B. Jerome Stridon
Around the 1st century AD, they began to break up into separate tribes, as a result of which several states inhabited by Eastern Slavs were created in these territories. Among them was Great Moravia, which occupied the lands of modern Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, partly Ukraine and Poland.
With the advent of Christianity and the construction of temples, people needed to create a written language that would allow them to record church texts. To learn how to write, the Moravian prince Rostislav turned to the Byzantine emperor Michael III for help, who sent Christian preachers Cyril and Methodius to Moravia. In 863, they came up with the first Russian alphabet, which was named after one of the preachers - Cyrillic.
Who are Cyril and Methodius?
Cyril and Methodius were brothers from Thessalonica (now the Greek Thessaloniki). In those days, in their hometown, in addition to Greek, they spoke the Slavic-Thessalonica dialect, which formed the basis of the Church Slavonic language.
Initially, Cyril's name was Konstantin, and he received his second name just before his death, having taken a monastic vow. In his youth, Constantine studied with the best Byzantine teachers of philosophy, rhetoric, dialectics, and later taught at the University of Magnavra in Constantinople.
Monument to Saints Cyril and Methodius in Saratov. The author of the photo is Zimin Vasily.
In 863, having gone to Moravia, with the help of his brother Methodius, he created. distribution center Slavic writing became Bulgaria. In 886, the Preslav book school was opened on its territory, where they were engaged in translations from Greek and rewrote Cyrillic and Methodius originals. Around the same time, the Cyrillic alphabet came to Serbia, and at the end of the 10th century it reached Kievan Rus.
Initially, the first Russian alphabet had 43 letters. Later, 4 more were added to it, and the 14 former ones were removed as unnecessary. The first time some of the letters appearance resembled Greek, but as a result of an orthographic reform in the 17th century, they were replaced by those that we know today.
By 1917, there were 35 letters in the Russian alphabet, although in fact there were 37 of them, since Yo and Y were not considered separate. Additionally, the letters I, Ѣ (yat), Ѳ (fita) and V (zhitsa) were present in the alphabet, which later disappeared from use.
When did the modern Russian alphabet appear?
In 1917-1918, a major spelling reform was carried out in Russia, thanks to which the modern alphabet appeared. Its initiator was the Ministry of Public Education under the Provisional Government. The reform began before the revolution, but was continued after the transfer of power to the Bolsheviks.
Wikimedia Commons/JimmyThomas()
In December 1917, Russian statesman Anatoly Lunacharsky issued a decree requiring all organizations to use the new 33-letter alphabet.
Although the spelling reform was prepared before the revolution and had no political underpinnings, at first it was criticized by opponents of Bolshevism. However, over time, the modern alphabet took root and is used to this day.
- A - number 1 ,
- B - number 2 ,
- B - number 3 ,
- G - number 4 ,
- D - number 5 ,
- E - number 6 ,
- - 7 (some people forget that e and are still different letters, they should not be confused),
- F - 8,
- Z - 9,
- And - 10,
- Y - 11,
- K - 12,
- L - 13,
- M - 14,
- H - 15,
- O - 16
- P - 17,
- R - 18,
- C - 19,
- T - 20,
- U - 21,
- F - 22,
- X - 23,
- C - 24,
- H - 25,
- W - 26,
- SC - 27,
- b (solid sign) - 28,
- Y - 29,
- b (soft sign) - 30,
- E - 31,
- Yu - 32,
- I am 33.
- 33 - A,
- 32 - B,
- 31 -B,
- 30 - G,
- 29 - D,
- 2 - E,
- 27 — ,
- 26 -F,
- 25 - Z,
- 24 - And,
- 23 - Y,
- 22 - K,
- 21 - L,
- 20 - M,
- 19 - H,
- 18 - Oh
- 17 - P,
- 16 - P,
- 15 - C,
- 14 - T,
- 13 - U,
- 12 - F,
- 11 - X,
- 10 - C,
- 9 - H,
- 8 - W,
- 7 -Sch,
- 6 - b,
- 5 - S,
- 4 - b,
- 3 - E,
- 2 - Yu,
- 1 -I.
The letter A has serial number-1
B-serial number-2
B-serial number-3
The letter E has number 6
The letter has serial number 7
F- number 8
Letter Z-number 9
I- has serial number 10
E girlfriend Y- number 11
K-12 in a row
Letter L-13
We count the letter H as 15 in a row
16 is the letter O
b-28 letter of the alphabet
A a a serial number 1
B b be ordinal number 2
V v ve ordinal digit 3
G g ge serial number 4
D d serial number 5
E e ordinal digit 6
ordinal 7
Well well ordinal number 8
Z z ze serial number 9
And and and ordinal number 10
th and short ordinal number 11
K to ka (not ke) ordinal number 12
L l el (or el, not le) ordinal number 13
M m em (not me) ordinal number 14
N n en (not ne) ordinal number 15
O o o ordinal number 16
P p pe ordinal number 17
R p er (not re) ordinal number 18
S with es (not se) ordinal number 19
T te ordinal number 20
y y ordinal number 21
F f ef (not fe) ordinal number 22
X x ha (not he) ordinal number 23
Ts tse ordinal number 24
H h th ordinal number 25
Sh sh sha (not she) ordinal number 26
Щ shcha (not yet) ordinal number 27
Ъ ъ solid sign ordinal number 28
S s s ordinal number 29
b b soft sign ordinal number 30
E e e (e negotiable) ordinal number 31
Yu Yu Yu Ordinal Number 32
I am I ordinal number 33
It is useful to know the serial numbers of the letters of the Russian alphabet, it is not bad to know the reverse numbering of letters, it is also sometimes required to know the numbering of pairs of letters that are equally distant from the ends of the alphabet. This knowledge can help you decide logical tasks different kind.
So, the Russian alphabet is numbered in order:
Alphabet in reverse order:
Pairs of letters equally distant from the ends of the alphabet:
fourth
The letter Dd will be 5
Her letter will be 6
The letter will be 7
The eighth, ninth and tenth are the letters Zh, Z, I
Eleventh letter
twelfth letter
Oh yes, I remembered the lower grades when we wrote encryption, we used a digital system and put one letter in order, and the other against the order, by the way, the letter P it is the same in the account and back and forth it is the seventeenth - once I knew all this by heart and could write ciphers quite quickly.
There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. Each letter has its own number. The distribution is based on the principle A - 1 letter of the alphabet, B - 2 letters of the alphabet, etc. before last letter- I, who is 33 in a row.
It would seem, well, why would anyone need to know the serial numbers of letters in the alphabet of the Russian language? Probably, those who have passed tests to determine the IQ know that you need to know this in order to successfully cope with the tasks of the tests. There may be not one, or two, but many more such tasks in the test. For example, in this test there are five such tasks out of forty.
Here, for example, is the very first task of the test and the last fifth:
The alphabet is shown below in the figure, which shows which letter of the 33 letters of the Russian alphabet has which serial number. The first digit is the forward count, the second digit is the reverse count. In this form, the numbering and the alphabet itself are easier to remember than a list.
There are only 33 letters in the Russian alphabet:
It is not always possible to find even the simplest things on the Internet, with regards to the numbering of the alphabet, the same thing.
The serial numbers of the letters, you can see in the table below, the correct order and correspondence of the serial number.
The letter A comes first.
The letter B is in second place.
The letter B is in third place.
The letter G is in fourth place.
The letter D is in fifth place.
The letter E is in sixth place.
The letter is in seventh place.
The letter J is in eighth place.
The letter Z is in ninth place.
The letter I is in tenth place.
The letter Y is in eleventh place.
The letter K is in twelfth place.
The letter L is in thirteenth place.
The letter M is in the fourteenth place.
The letter H is in fifteenth place.
The letter O is in sixteenth place.
The letter P is in seventeenth place.
The letter R is in eighteenth place.
The letter C is in nineteenth place.
The letter T is in twentieth place.
The letter U is in twenty-first place.
The letter F is in twenty-second place.
The letter X is in twenty-third place.
The letter C is in twenty-fourth place.
The letter H is in twenty-fifth place.
The letter W is in twenty-sixth place.
The letter Щ is in twenty-seventh place.
The letter b is in twenty-eighth place.
The letter Y is in twenty-ninth place.
The letter b is in the thirtieth place.
The letter E is in thirty-first place.
The letter Yu is in thirty-second place.
The letter I is in thirty-third place.
There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet. Probably everyone knows this. And the serial number of the letter can be useful to solve some riddle, charade or read an encrypted letter.
Ordinal number of letters in the Russian alphabet.
Russian alphabet in reverse order looks like this (first comes the serial number, and after the number the letter itself)
We use letters in writing and sounds in speech. Letters represent the sounds we make. There is no simple and direct correspondence between letters and sounds: there are letters that do not designate sounds, there are cases when a letter means two sounds, and cases when several letters mean one sound. Modern Russian has 33 letters and 42 sounds.
Kinds
Letters are vowels and consonants. The letters soft sign and hard sign do not form sounds; there are no words in Russian that begin with these letters. The Russian language is “vociferous”, in Russian words there are many vowels (o, e, i, a), voiced consonants (n, l, v, m, p). Noisy, deaf, hissing (w, h, w, u, c, f) are much less. The vowels yu, e, e are also rarely used. In a letter, instead of the letter ё, they often write the letter e without losing the meaning.
Alphabet
The letters of the Russian language are listed below in alphabetical order. Uppercase and lowercase letters are shown, their names are indicated. Vowels are marked in red, consonants in blue, letters ь, ъ in gray.
A a B b C c D d E f f f g f g h I i y y k k l l M m N n O P p p r s s t t u u v f x x z z z h Sh sh y y y y b
The letter L is called "el" or "el", the letter E is sometimes called "E reverse".
Numbering
Numbers of letters of the Russian alphabet in direct and reverse order:
Letter | A | B | IN | G | D | E | Yo | AND | W | AND | Y | TO | L | M | H | ABOUT | P | R | WITH | T | At | F | X | C | H | W | SCH | Kommersant | S | b | E | YU | I |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | |
33 | 32 | 31 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
To record sounding speech, letters are required. In Russian modern language 33 letters that make up the Russian alphabet. All the necessary information about the alphabet is presented in our article.
Short story
Who created the Russian alphabet? The question is not so obvious. Indeed, over the antiquity of years, a lot of changes have been made to it, many reforms have been carried out.
In Rus', the alphabet - Cyrillic - appeared in connection with the adoption of Christianity, and it was required primarily in the church. Each letter had a different name (for example, a - az, b - beeches, c - lead, etc.) The numbers were also indicated by letters. Written without spaces or punctuation marks. Long and well-known words were abbreviated, putting above them special sign- title. To make it easier for the monks who were taught to read to memorize the alphabet in order, they were offered to memorize a special prayer ("alphabet"), where each line began with a letter in alphabetical order (the first - in az, the second - in beeches, etc.).
There is no doubt that the creators of the first Slavic alphabet are Saints Cyril and Methodius. But what is the first alphabet? There is an opinion that Cyril created the Glagolitic alphabet, and the Cyrillic alphabet, which is the basis of the modern alphabet, is the creation of a student of St. Cyril, Clement of Ohrid.
Many reforms of the Russian alphabet were intended to bring it closer to what sounds are actually still used in speech. Therefore, the letters Ѯ, Ѱ, Ѳ, V and several others disappeared.
Oral speech is primary, so the alphabet is designed to reflect its phonetic composition.
Letters of the Russian alphabet
The basis of the Russian, as well as the Latin, alphabet was Greek. Many letters are very similar now. For example, β - in, π - p, etc. However, the sound composition of the Greek language differs from the Slavic. Therefore, Cyril and Methodius slightly increased the number of letters, striving to ensure that the alphabet had signs for all vowels and consonants. We do not have to resort to the use of special icons or write 2-3 letters to convey one sound.
Learning the alphabet
Letters in Russian, as in any other alphabet, are arranged in a certain order. Naturally, it is random. So is it necessary to memorize the Russian alphabet in order? Of course you do! After all, it is in this sequence that the words in the dictionary and the names of the children in the school magazine, books in the library and articles in the encyclopedia are located - any elements of any list. Of course, the alphabet is usually given at the beginning of the dictionary for those who could not remember it, but it is always better to know for yourself than to rely on a hint.
Learning the alphabet is easy. The alphabet of the Russian language for children in the form of a poster with colorful pictures can be bought at any store for schoolchildren. There are many poems and songs for memorizing the alphabet in order. For foreigners studying Russian, a transcription table of the Russian alphabet can be useful, which offers not only the outline of letters, but also their pronunciation.