Topics for monologue oge. Techniques for teaching monologue as a product of speech activity
Here you will find exemplary monologues for all OGE tasks in English. I remind you that the monologue statement is the third and final task of the oral part of the exam.
The monologues are compiled in accordance with the open database of the Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements (Fipi), revealing all topics strictly according to their plan.
Exercise
You are going to give a talk aboutkeeping fit.
You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:
why a healthy lifestyle is more popular nowadays;
What do you do to keep fit?
· what sports activities are popular with teenagers in your region.
Exemplary
answer
Well, now I'm going to give a talk about keeping fit and healthy lifestyle.
Healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular nowadays. There is a number of reasons for that but the most important reason is that people live under the press of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties. Healthy lifestyle helps people do that.
As for me, I try to keep fit in different ways. First of all, I do my morning exercises every day. In addition to it, I go to the swimming pool once or sometimes twice a week. Also, I stay away from bad habits, because I'm convinced that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain.
Well, as to other teenagers of my region, I should say that they are interested in different sports activities. They often play football and other active games on sports grounds, go to gyms and swimming pools. Besides, more and more young men become interested in martial arts, such as karate, boxing, kickboxing, judo and so on.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that a healthy lifestyle is a “must” for modern people
2 Monologue“My school”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:
what do you like most about your school;
what week you find the most difficult, and why;
What would you like to change in your school life.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary answer
I like my school very much, but it is my classmates that I like best of all. We are all good friends and get on well with each other. We spend much time together doing sports, playing active games and so on.
As for weekdays, I find Monday the most difficult one because we have six lessons on this day, including Mathematics and Physics. Frankly speaking, I'm not good at these subjects, and I don't enjoy these lessons.
In my opinion, much can be changed and improved in my school. For example, PE lessons. I'd like them to be more diverse. As a rule, we play volleyball and basketball at the lessons, or simply on the stadium. It would be better if we had a chance to work out with weights and play games that are more interesting .
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that school education is very important for teenagers and should help them build character and develop mind.
Exercise
(
option 2)
You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what your typical school day is like;
what your favorite subject is, and why;
What do you like most about your school.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Well, now I'm going to give a talk about my school.
To begin with, I'd like to say that my shool is one of the biggest schools in my city, where more than one thousand pupils get their education.
As far as my typical school day concerned, I should say it is very busy. It usually starts at 8 o'clock in the morning and comes to an end at 2 or 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Every day we have 6 and sometimes 7 lessons. We also have breaks, but they are not very long.
As I have just mentioned, my typical school day involves a number of lessons. Russian, Literature, and Mathematics are the most frequent ones. As a rule, we do a lot of work at these lessons: learn rules, do exercises and tests, write essays, make reports, and so on.
My favorite subject is English. I have been learning it since the 2nd form and I hope to relate my life to it. Chances are good that I will be an interpreter. If not, I can always go to school and be an English teacher.
I like a lot in my school but it is my classmates that I like most. We are all good friends and get on well with each other. We spend much time together doing sports, playing active games, going to the cinema.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that school education is very important for teenagers and should help them build character and develop mind.
3 Monologue“The place where I live”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about the place where you live. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what your city, town or village is famous for;
what your favorite place in your city, town or village is, and why you like it;
whether you are going to stay in your city, town or village after leaving school or move to another place, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
(
on the
example
G.
Kemerovo)
Well, I am going to give a talk about my city.
To begin with, I'd like to say that the name of my city is Kemerovo. This is the capital of Kuzbass, the main coal region of Siberia.
In the first place, Kemerovo is famous for its coal producers and chemical industry. Coal mined here is consumed in this country and exported abroad. In addition to coal, different chemicals are produced here. THe products of a gigantic plant Azot are in great demand all over the country.
As to me, I like my city very much, because it has lots of beautiful places where you can rest and relax. The embankment of the river Tom is my favorite place in Kemerovo. Here you can sit quietly on the banks and admire wondefurl nature. The embankment is also a good place where you can walk alone or with your friends.
Frankly speaking, I haven't yet decided what to do after leaving school. It depends on many factors. More likely than not, I will stay in my city, because I have all the opportunities to get good education here. I just have no reason to move to another region. But as the saying is, time will tell.
In conclusion, I'd like to invite everyone to visit Kemerovo and enjoy this city.
4 Monologue“Foreign languages”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about foreign languages. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why lots of people learn foreign languages nowadays;
why you have chosen to do the English exam this year;
What did you do to prepare for your English exam.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
To begin with, I'd like to say that more and more people learn foreign languages nowadays. They do it for a number of reasons. In the first place, people want to understand citizens of other countries and to be understood by them. In addition to it, travelling has become easier, and the Russians have a variety of opportunities for going abroad. If you are fluent in a foreign language, you feel more confident.
It goes without saying that English is established as the most important and popular language. As for me, I have been learning English for 5 years. And this year I have chosen to do the English exam. I regard this exam as a chance to test my language skills. I have always wanted to know my real speaking skills and find out my strengths and weaknesses.
I did much work to prepare for my English exam. First of all, I revised grammar. I learned a lot of rules and consolidated them in doing exercises. In addition to it, I read texts of various genres to enlarge my vocabulary. I also listened to a number of radio programs and podcasts to make my listening better. And I also made efforts to improve my speaking. I used every chance to speak English at the lessons and at home.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that English is in great demand these days, so I recommend everybody to start learning it as soon as possible and commit to it.
5 Monologue“Pets”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about pets. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why people keep pets;
what pets are most popular in big cities;
whether having pets is a big responsibility, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about pets.
To begin with, I'd like to say that nowadays more and more people keep pets in their houses: cats, dogs, parrots, hamsters, guinea pigs, and so on. They do it for a number of reasons. In the first place, people seek to make friends, and pets are a kind of friends they can make fast and easily. Besides, pets give positive emotions, that's why people like to keep them. If you are under stress, you can just stroke your cat and feel somewhat relieved.
As to the most popular pets in big cities, I should say it depends. If you live in a big city, a cat or a small dog would be the best option. Firstly, they don't need extensive space to live on. Secondly, you don't have to spend a lot of money on buying pet food. If you live in the country, you can choose whatever you want. There is always plenty of room and food for any pet here.
Anyway, having pets is a big responsibility. Pets are animate objects, and if you don't take good care of them, they may fall sick and even die.
In conclusion, I'd like to emphasize the fact that pets play an important part in our life and we should be aware of both pluses and minuses of keeping them.
6 Monologue"The Internet"
Exercise
Remember to say:
· why today's teenagers use the Internet so much;
how the Internet makes long-distance communication easier;
· what dangers teenagers can face when they use the Internet.
You have to talk continuously.
Exercise
(
option 2)
You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why using the Internet is so popular;
· how the Internet can help students in their studies;
whether the Internet can be dangerous, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
To begin with, I'd like to say that we live in the world of modern technologies. We are surrounded by lots of sophisticated gadgets: smartphones, iPhones, notebooks, netbooks, laptops. They are very useful because they have virtually unlimited functionality. But it is the connection to the Internet that makes them useful to the max.
Today the Internet is exceedingly popular and used very much, especially by teenagers. They do it for a number of reasons. Firsty, they create their profiles on different social nets such as vkontakte, odnoklassniki, facebook, instagram and others. Young people like communicating with each other, and the social nets give them this opportunity. Secondly, the Internet is a depot of innumerable information, so teenagers use the internet as a source of answers for various questions. So, the Internet helps students in their studies. Whether they need to make a report or prepare for a test, they launch a browser, type in the request and get lots of pages according to the request.
Besides, the Internet makes long-distance communication easier. There are special programs for communication of this kind. One of them is Skype, which is sure to be the most popular program. You can see and hear the person whom you are talking to.
Frankly speaking, the Internet is not as safe as you wish it were. Firstly, the spread of information is uncontrolled on the Internet, so teenagers often run into dangerous pages containing information about selling drugs or committing a suicide. I strongly believe that this information must be banned.
In conlcusion I'd like to say that if you follow the safety rules when using the Internet you are not endangered, and you can use the Internet to your advantage as much as possible.
7 MonologueHolidays
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about holidays. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what holidays are most popular in your country;
what your favorite holiday is and how you celebrate it;
if you prefer to give presents or to get presents, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exercise
(
option 2)
You are going to give a talk about public holidays in Russia. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what public holidays are celebrations in Russia;
· what your favorite public holiday is, and why you like it;
· how your favorite public holiday is celebrated in your city, town or village.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Well, now I'm going to talk about holidays.
To begin with, holidays play an important part in our life. Holidays give us an opportunity to rest and relax, they also improve our mood and make us happier.
Our country has a number of (public) holidays. The most popular are New Year, the 8th of March (the women’s day), Spring and Labor Day, Victory Day, Russia Day, and others. All these holidays are very important for every citizen of the Russian Federation.
My favorite (public) holiday is New Year because this is a special occasion. It is not only an opportunity to relax but also to think about how you lived the past year and make plans for the next one. In addition to it, New Year is a reunion for the whole family of ours, so we always look forward to it.
My family established its own way of celebrating New Year. In the evening we visit our best friends who live next door and have some time together. Then, at midnight, we come back home and have our celebratory meal. We usually watch TV shows, listen to music, fool around, and, of course, give each other presents.
As for me, I like both giving gifts and getting them. Both actions are very enjoyable. But honestly speaking, I like getting presents more because now I don't have enough money for giving them.
Staying at home with your family is not the only way to celebrate the New Year. You can visit city celebrations which include fairs, contests, concerts, and fireworks. The culmination of the New Year celebration in our city is setting up fireworks. It is just awesome!
In conclusion, I'd like to emphasize the fact that every holiday is a great time, and I wish there were as many holidays as possible.
8 Monologue"Travelling"
Exercise
Remember to say:
why most people like travelling;
· which season is the best for traveling in your opinion;
what means of transport is the best, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exercise
(
option 2)
You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why most people enjoy travelling;
what people like doing while traveling;
What place would you like to go to, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Nowadays, people have a great variety to rest and relax: going to the cinema, playing sports, and so on. But the most popular option remains travelling.
People like traveling for a number of reasons. Firstly, traveling is a good way to focus away from work and study and, so to say, to recharge batteries. I mean people can replenish their inner supplies of energy and refresh emotions. Secondly, travelling is a good way to broaden the mind and gain knowledge. If you go to a foreign country, you can learn its customs and traditions, see the sights, make friends with local citizens.
While traveling, people like to do different things. It depends upon the place and purpose of your visit. If you travel to a resort town, you usually swim in the sea and bake in the sun. If you travel on business, you're supposed to establish contacts, carry on talks, making contracts, and so on. If you travel for educational reasons, you attend lessons, go on excursions, gain knowledge and develop your skills.
In my opinion, summer is the best season for travelling. Most adults are on leave in this period and children have holidays, that’s why summer is the optimal time when you can start on a journey.
As to means of transport, each one has its pluses and minuses. If you travel by train, you can admire beautiful landscapes and you feel safe. But it takes more time to get to the destination. Traveling by plane saves time but deprives you the chance to enjoy the nature outside, and what is more, fills you with misgivings about the flight.
As to me, I have already traveled to many places, but my dream is to visit Tokyo. This is the place I would like to go to because it is one of the world leaders in business, culture, science and technology. Besides, I plan to learn Japanese in the future, so, visiting Japan can help me to do that.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that travelling plays an important part in our life and everybody should travel as much as possible.
9 MonologueCareer plans
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about your career plans. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what job do you want to do in the future;
· what two subjects you think are the most important for your future job, and why;
whether your family approve of your career choice or not.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
All people have to work in order to make a living. It is very important that a person has a job according to his or her abilities and wishes.
As for me, I'd like to be an interpreter in the future. I like foreign languages very much, and, frankly speaking, I'm very good at them. Nowadays, I do my best to learn English and Spanish because they are the languages that are widely spoken and popular with lots of people.
I think that English and Geography are the most important subjects for my future job. They are two subjects that help me learn much about other countries, their customs and traditions. English and Geography also help me understand native people of other countries, respect their culture and communicate with them in the most effective way.
All the members of my family approve my career choice because they strongly believe that interpreting is an exciting and well-paid job. Frankly speaking, my family just want me to be happy and they support any decision of mine.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that every teenager shouldn’t procrastinate in deciding about his or her job because a successful career requires much time and efforts.
10 MonologueBooks
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about books. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
whether reading is still popular with teenagers, and why, or why not;
what kind of books you like reading;
why many people prefer e-books to paper books.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about books.
To begin with, I'd like to say that there are a lot of ways to spend free time: doing sports, watching TV, going to the cinema, playing games, and so on. And, of course, you can just read a book.
Frankly speaking, reading books is losing its popularity with teenagers making way for more exciting activities, such as watching blockbusters in 3-D, playing computer games, social networking, arranging parties. If a teenager has to choose between reading a book and playing a brand new computer game, he or she will definitly show preference for the game. Modern games excel books in all aspects. Firstly, modern games make a tremendous visual impact. The game world looks extremely realistic. Secondly, when playing a game, you are not an outsider. You are an active insider participating in everything that happens in the game world.
As for me, I have to confess that I am not only a gamer, but also a regular reader. Yes, I like reading very much! Science fiction is my favorite kind of literature because it gives a different view of our reality. It doesn't present our world as it is but as it could be. I think that science fiction is much deeper than, say, detective stories. The problems science fiction deals with are more global and serious.
If you take a closer look at reading people, you will notice than they usually read e-books. There is a number of reasons why many people prefer e-books to paper books. The main reason is that you can download unlimited e-books for free from the Internet. In addition to it, e-books are much more comfortable to read. There is a variety of devices that can open e-books: computers, tablets, smartphones.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that modern world is full of exciting things like sports, TV, parties and so on. Nevertheless, books shouldn't be forgotten.
11 Monologue“School homework”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about your school homework. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
how long it takes you to do your homework;
what subject you usually start with, and why;
· whether schoolchildren should be given more or less homework, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about my school homework.
To begin with, I'd like to say that school homework is an essential part of school education. Almost everyone who goes to school is given hometasks.
As for me, duration of doing my homework depends on many factors. For example, our teachers of Literature and History are in the habit of giving a lot of homework, which involves reading many pages of textbooks, writing synopses, making presentations, and so on. If you are not ready with all this stuff, you get a bad mark. As I don't want to get bad marks, I have to spend long hours to prepare for the lessons. It may take me 3 or even 4 hours to finish the school homework. But to tell the truth, there are teachers who spare pupils’ time and don’t give much work. They organize their lessons so that there is little left for home.
As to sequence of subjects, I usually start with Literature because this is the most voluminous subject including many works of fiction, critique, philosophy, and the like. I prefer to get rid of the most boring subject in the first place and then start doing something that is more interesting.
I strongly believe that schoolchildren should be given less homework. I don't understand teachers who give their pupils too much homework and are sure that they do them good. Teachers should know that our brain can effectively process a limited amount of information. The rest of information vanishes into thin air. If you keep trying to remember everything you are given by teachers, you will most likely go crazy.
In conclusion, I'd like to appeal to teachers and make them remember their own school life. Teachers schould never forget that they were pupils in the past and, like today’s young people, had difficulties with the homework.
12 MonologueTV
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about TV. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
whether watching TV is still a popular pastime with teenagers, and why, or why not;
how many hours a week you watch TV;
What do you dislike most about TV.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about TV.
To begin with, I'd like to say that TV is one of the greatest occurrences of all times. It is impossible to imagine days when people lived without TV.
In my opinion, watching TV is losing its popularity with teenagers. The reason is that teenagers prefer the Internet to TV. Not long ago, TV used to be the main source of information and entertainment. It is no longer the case. Now, if you want to know what is happening in the world, you launch a browser, do some clicks and get innumerable quantity of information. If you want to watch something entertaining, you don't need TV. There are lots of youtube channels providing clips, shows, interviews with celebrities, and the like. You can start watching a video, pause it for any time and then start again. You can't do the same trick with television.
As for me, I don't watch TV very often. I usually do it when new episodes of my favorite serials appear. So, I watch TV approximately 3 of 4 hours a week. Sometimes it happens that there are no new episodes of my favorite serials, so I spend no time at all.
There are a lot of things I dislike about TV. But endless blocks of commercials drive me really crazy! It goes without saying that advertising gives money for producing new content, but there should be some limits to advertising.
In conclusion, I’d like to acknowledge the great importance of television, but at the same time, I’d like to state the fact that TV is gradually abandoning its absolute position making way for the Internet.
13 MonologueFree time
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about your free time. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
whether you have a lot of free time, and why, or why not;
what you enjoy doing in your free time;
what your Sunday afternoons are like.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about my free time.
To begin with, I'd like to say that people have to work more and more in the modern world to make a career, earn a living, and become successful. This also holds true for teenagers, because they have to study a lot. So, both adults and teenagers don't have much free time.
As for me, I don't have much free time either, because I am faced with a number of important exams this year. As I don't want to fail them, I make every effort to learn the necessary material. I read a lot of textbooks and additional articles, do innumerable exercises, attend preparation courses, and so on.
In spite of the fact that I have to work a lot, I try to find some time for recreation and fun. Frankly speaking, I enjoy doing many things in my free time. I like to take walks, come to see my friends, watch TV, surf the Internet, and so on. My favorite pastime is going to a swimming pool. I am keen on having a healthy lifestyle, and swimming helps me to keep fit.
As to my Sunday afternoons, I should confess that they are just for doing nothing active. I usually take my tablet, sink into the sofa, and watch videos on youtube or communicate in social nets. Sunday afternoons are the period when I don't overload myself with activities, because I need to collect my strength for Monday, which is my busiest weekday.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that it is very important to not only have free time but also give it to your hobbies and interests.
14 Monologue“Weather and seasons”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about weather and seasons. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
which of the four seasons you like most, and why;
how the Earth's climate has changed recently;
whether you trust the weather forecast, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about weather and seasons.
To begin with, I'd like to say that there are four seasons in a year: winter, spring, summer, and autumn.
As for me, I like summer most of all, because this is the period when we have vacations. And vacations mean freedom. Absolutely! We have no need to get up early and be in a hurry to leave for school. It is not necessary to spend long hours doing school homework. The only thing we have to do in summer is relaxing to the max. In addition to it, the weather is awesome in summer! As a rule, it is warm and sunny.
By the way, the Earth's climate has changed recently. If you take a closer look at what's happening in the world, you see natural phenomena that never took place before. Melting arctic ice is one of numerous examples. It gradually fills the ocean with huge amounts of additional water that makes the water level higher and causes ecological disasters. In addition to it, mass media often give information about disastrous hurricanes and severe droughts that occur in unexpected time and place.
As to the weather forecast, I don't trust it if it is given for the longer period of time. I don't believe that man can predict what is going to be in a week or fortnight. Nevertheless, I think that the weather forecast for one or two days is most likely to be correct, and you should trust it.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that weather is an interesting subject, which is worth studying and paying attention to.
15 Monologue“photography”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about photography. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why people like taking pictures
why taking photos is more popular today than it was in the past
what the best photo you have ever taken is
You have to talk continuously.
Exemplary
answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about photography.
To begin with, I'd like to say that people have always wanted beautiful moments of life to last forever. Photography helps them to make it happen.
People like taking pictures for a number of reasons. As I have just mentioned, people want to save beautiful moments of life forever. For example, while visiting an exotic country, you see lots of things that don't exist in your own area. You never see a coconut tree in Siberia and heaps of snow somewhere in the south. Why not take a picture? In addition to it, people take pictures not only for fun but also for fixing details of an occurrence. It is often the case when pictures help to investigate a crime.
It is really a fact that taking photos is more popular today than it was in the past. The main reason is that taking photos has become much easier today. You just take a smartphone, do a click and that's it. It has also become easier to share photos with friends. You can upload it
on your profile in a social net and let everyone see it.
As for me, I like taking photos very much. Frankly speaking, I have many good photos, but the best one was taken last year in the Altai Mountains. My friends and I effected an ascent of a mountain and took a picture on the very top of it. The picture is just awesome! When I look at it, I admire wonderful nature and remember my friends.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that taking pictures is a never-ending hobby, which will carry away more and more people.
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about keeping fit. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:
why a healthy lifestyle is more popular nowadays;
What do you do to keep fit?
· what sports activities are popular with teenagers in your region.
Sample Answer
Well, now I'm going to give a talk about keeping fit and healthy lifestyle.
Healthy lifestyle is becoming more and more popular nowadays. There is a number of reasons for that but the most important reason is that people live under the press of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties. Healthy lifestyle helps people do that.
As for me, I try to keep fit in different ways. First of all, I do my morning exercises every day. In addition to it, I go to the swimming pool once or sometimes twice a week. Also, I stay away from bad habits, because I'm convinced that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain.
Well, as to other teenagers of my region, I should say that they are interested in different sports activities. They often play football and other active games on sports grounds, go to gyms and swimming pools. Besides, more and more young men become interested in martial arts, such as karate, boxing, kickboxing, judo and so on.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that a healthy lifestyle is a “must” for modern people.
Monologue “My school”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. Remember to say:
what do you like most about your school;
what week you find the most difficult, and why;
What would you like to change in your school life.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
I like my school very much, but it is my classmates that I like best of all. We are all good friends and get on well with each other. We spend much time together doing sports, playing active games and so on.
As for weekdays, I find Monday the most difficult one because we have six lessons on this day, including Mathematics and Physics. Frankly speaking, I'm not good at these subjects, and I don't enjoy these lessons.
In my opinion, much can be changed and improved in my school. For example, PE lessons. I'd like them to be more diverse. As a rule, we play volleyball and basketball at the lessons, or simply run on the stadium. It would be better if we had a chance to work out with weights and play games that are more interesting .
Exercise(option 2)
You are going to give a talk about your school. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what your typical school day is like;
what your favorite subject is, and why;
What do you like most about your school.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, now I'm going to give a talk about my school.
To begin with, I'd like to say that my shool is one of the biggest schools in my city, where more than one thousand pupils get their education.
As far as my typical school day concerned, I should say it is very busy. It usually starts at 8 o'clock in the morning and comes to an end at 2 or 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Every day we have 6 and sometimes 7 lessons. We also have breaks, but they are not very long.
As I have just mentioned, my typical school day involves a number of lessons. Russian, Literature, and Mathematics are the most frequent ones. As a rule, we do a lot of work at these lessons: learn rules, do exercises and tests, write essays, make reports, and so on.
My favorite subject is English. I have been learning it since the 2nd form and I hope to relate my life to it. Chances are good that I will be an interpreter. If not, I can always go to school and be an English teacher.
I like a lot in my school but it is my classmates that I like most. We are all good friends and get on well with each other. We spend much time together doing sports, playing active games, going to the cinema.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that school education is very important for teenagers and should help them build character and develop mind.
Monologue “The place where I live”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about the place where you live. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what your city, town or village is famous for;
what your favorite place in your city, town or village is, and why you like it;
whether you are going to stay in your city, town or village after leaving school or move to another place, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer(on the example of Kemerovo)
Well, I am going to give a talk about my city.
To begin with, I'd like to say that the name of my city is Kemerovo. This is the capital of Kuzbass, the main coal region of Siberia.
In the first place, Kemerovo is famous for its coal producers and chemical industry. Coal mined here is consumed in this country and exported abroad. In addition to coal, different chemicals are produced here. The products of a gigantic plant Azot are in great demand all over the country.
As to me, I like my city very much, because it has lots of beautiful places where you can rest and relax. The embankment of the river Tom is my favorite place in Kemerovo. Here you can sit quietly on the banks and admire wonderful nature. The embankment is also a good place where you can walk alone or with your friends.
Frankly speaking, I haven't yet decided what to do after leaving school. It depends on many factors. More likely than not, I will stay in my city, because I have all the opportunities to get good education here. I just have no reason to move to another region. But as the saying is, time will tell.
In conclusion, I'd like to invite everyone to visit Kemerovo and enjoy this city.
Monologue “Foreign languages”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about foreign languages. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why lots of people learn foreign languages nowadays;
why you have chosen to do the English exam this year;
What did you do to prepare for your English exam.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
To begin with, I'd like to say that more and more people learn foreign languages nowadays. They do it for a number of reasons. In the first place, people want to understand citizens of other countries and to be understood by them. In addition to it, travelling has become easier, and the Russians have a variety of opportunities for going abroad. If you are fluent in a foreign language, you feel more confident.
It goes without saying that English is established as the most important and popular language. As for me, I have been learning English for 5 years. And this year I have chosen to do the English exam. I regard this exam as a chance to test my language skills. I have always wanted to know my real speaking skills and find out my strengths and weaknesses.
I did much work to prepare for my English exam. First of all, I revised grammar. I learned a lot of rules and consolidated them in doing exercises. In addition to it, I read texts of various genres to enlarge my vocabulary. I also listened to a number of radio programs and podcasts to make my listening better. And I also made efforts to improve my speaking. I used every chance to speak English at the lessons and at home.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that English is in great demand these days, so I recommend everybody to start learning it as soon as possible and commit to it.
Monologue "Pets"
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about pets. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why people keep pets;
what pets are most popular in big cities;
whether having pets is a big responsibility, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about pets.
To begin with, I'd like to say that nowadays more and more people keep pets in their houses: cats, dogs, parrots, hamsters, guinea pigs, and so on. They do it for a number of reasons. In the first place, people seek to make friends, and pets are a kind of friends they can make fast and easily. Besides, pets give positive emotions, that's why people like to keep them. If you are under stress, you can just stroke your cat and feel somewhat relieved.
As to the most popular pets in big cities, I should say it depends. If you live in a big city, a cat or a small dog would be the best option. Firstly, they don't need extensive space to live on. Secondly, you don't have to spend a lot of money on buying pet food. If you live in the country, you can choose whatever you want. There is always plenty of room and food for any pet here.
Anyway, having pets is a big responsibility. Pets are animate objects, and if you don't take good care of them, they may fall sick and even die.
In conclusion, I'd like to emphasize the fact that pets play an important part in our life and we should be aware of both pluses and minuses of keeping them.
Monologue “The Internet”
Exercise
Remember to say:
· why today's teenagers use the Internet so much;
how the Internet makes long-distance communication easier;
· what dangers teenagers can face when they use the Internet.
You have to talk continuously.
Exercise(option 2)
You are going to give a talk about the Internet. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why using the Internet is so popular;
· how the Internet can help students in their studies;
whether the Internet can be dangerous, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
To begin with, I'd like to say that we live in the world of modern technologies. We are surrounded by lots of sophisticated gadgets: smartphones, iPhones, notebooks, netbooks, laptops. They are very useful because they have virtually unlimited functionality. But it is the connection to the Internet that makes them useful to the max.
Today the Internet is exceedingly popular and used very much, especially by teenagers. They do it for a number of reasons. Firsty, they create their profiles on different social nets such as vkontakte, odnoklassniki, facebook, instagram and others. Young people like communicating with each other, and the social nets give them this opportunity. Secondly, the Internet is a depot of innumerable information, so teenagers use the internet as a source of answers for various questions. So, the Internet helps students in their studies. Whether they need to make a report or prepare for a test, they launch a browser, type in the request and get lots of pages according to the request.
Besides, the Internet makes long-distance communication easier. There are special programs for communication of this kind. One of them is Skype, which is sure to be the most popular programm. You can see and hear the person whom you are talking to.
Frankly speaking, the Internet is not as safe as you wish it were. Firstly, the spread of information is uncontrolled on the Internet, so teenagers often run into dangerous pages containing information about selling drugs or committing a suicide. I strongly believe that this information must be banned.
In conlcusion I'd like to say that if you follow the safety rules when using the Internet you are not endangered, and you can use the Internet to your advantage as much as possible.
Monologue “Holidays”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about holidays. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what holidays are most popular in your country;
· what your favorite holiday is and how you celebrate it;
if you prefer to give presents or to get presents, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exercise(option 2)
You are going to give a talk about public holidays in Russia. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what public holidays are celebrations in Russia;
· what your favorite public holiday is, and why you like it;
· how your favorite public holiday is celebrated in your city, town or village.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, now I'm going to talk about holidays.
To begin with, holidays play an important part in our life. Holidays give us an opportunity to rest and relax, they also improve our mood and make us happier.
Our country has a number of (public) holidays. The most popular are New Year, the 8th of March (the women’s day), Spring and Labor Day, Victory Day, Russia Day, and others. All these holidays are very important for every citizen of the Russian Federation.
My favorite (public) holiday is New Year because this is a special occasion. It is not only an opportunity to relax but also to think about how you lived the past year and make plans for the next one. In addition to it, New Year is a reunion for the whole family of ours, so we always look forward to it.
My family established its own way of celebrating New Year. In the evening we visit our best friends who live next door and have some time together. Then, at midnight, we come back home and have our celebratory meal. We usually watch TV shows, listen to music, fool around, and, of course, give each other presents.
As for me, I like both giving gifts and getting them. Both actions are very enjoyable. But honestly speaking, I like getting presents more because now I don't have enough money for giving them.
Staying at home with your family is not the only way to celebrate the New Year. You can visit city celebrations which include fairs, contests, concerts, and fireworks. The culmination of the New Year celebration in our city is setting up fireworks. It is just awesome!
In conclusion, I'd like to emphasize the fact that every holiday is a great time, and I wish there were as many holidays as possible.
Monologue “Traveling”
Exercise
Remember to say:
why most people like travelling;
· which season is the best for traveling in your opinion;
what means of transport is the best, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Exercise(option 2)
You are going to give a talk about travelling. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why most people enjoy travelling;
what people like doing while traveling;
What place would you like to go to, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Nowadays, people have a great variety to rest and relax: going to the cinema, playing sports, and so on. But the most popular option remains travelling.
People like traveling for a number of reasons. Firstly, traveling is a good way to focus away from work and study and, so to say, to recharge batteries. I mean people can replenish their inner supplies of energy and refresh emotions. Secondly, travelling is a good way to broaden the mind and gain knowledge. If you go to a foreign country, you can learn its customs and traditions, see the sights, make friends with local citizens.
While traveling, people like to do different things. It depends upon the place and purpose of your visit. If you travel to a resort town, you usually swim in the sea and bake in the sun. If you travel on business, you're supposed to establish contacts, carry on talks, making contracts, and so on. If you travel for educational reasons, you attend lessons, go on excursions, gain knowledge and develop your skills.
In my opinion, summer is the best season for travelling. Most adults are on leave in this period and children have holidays, that’s why summer is the optimal time when you can start on a journey.
As to means of transport, each one has its pluses and minuses. If you travel by train, you can admire beautiful landscapes and you feel safe. But it takes more time to get to the destination. Traveling by plane saves time but deprives you the chance to enjoy the nature outside, and what is more, fills you with misgivings about the flight.
As to me, I have already traveled to many places, but my dream is to visit Tokyo. This is the place I would like to go to because it is one of the world leaders in business, culture, science and technology. Besides, I plan to learn Japanese in the future, so, visiting Japan can help me to do that.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that travelling plays an important part in our life and everybody should travel as much as possible.
Monologue “Career plans”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about your career plans. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
what job do you want to do in the future;
· what two subjects you think are the most important for your future job, and why;
whether your family approve of your career choice or not.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
All people have to work in order to make a living. It is very important that a person has a job according to his or her abilities and wishes.
As for me, I'd like to be an interpreter in the future. I like foreign languages very much, and, frankly speaking, I'm very good at them. Nowadays, I do my best to learn English and Spanish because they are the languages that are widely spoken and popular with lots of people.
I think that English and Geography are the most important subjects for my future job. They are two subjects that help me learn much about other countries, their customs and traditions. English and Geography also help me understand native people of other countries, respect their culture and communicate with them in the most effective way.
All the members of my family approve my career choice because they strongly believe that interpreting is an exciting and well-paid job. Frankly speaking, my family just want me to be happy and they support any decision of mine.
In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize the fact that every teenager shouldn’t procrastinate in deciding about his or her job because a successful career requires much time and efforts.
Monologue “Books”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about books. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
whether reading is still popular with teenagers, and why, or why not;
what kind of books you like reading;
why many people prefer e-books to paper books.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about books.
To begin with, I'd like to say that there are a lot of ways to spend free time: doing sports, watching TV, going to the cinema, playing games, and so on. And, of course, you can just read a book.
Frankly speaking, reading books is losing its popularity with teenagers making way for more exciting activities, such as watching blockbusters in 3-D, playing computer games, social networking, arranging parties. If a teenager has to choose between reading a book and playing a brand new computer game, he or she will definitely show preference for the game. Modern games excel books in all aspects. Firstly, modern games make a tremendous visual impact. The game world looks extremely realistic. Secondly, when playing a game, you are not an outsider. You are an active insider participating in everything that happens in the game world.
As for me, I have to confess that I am not only a gamer, but also a regular reader. Yes, I like reading very much! Science fiction is my favorite kind of literature because it gives a different view of our reality. It doesn't present our world as it is but as it could be. I think that science fiction is much deeper than, say, detective stories. The problems science fiction deals with are more global and serious.
If you take a closer look at reading people, you will notice that they usually read e-books. There is a number of reasons why many people prefer e-books to paper books. The main reason is that you can download unlimited e-books for free from the Internet. In addition to it, e-books are more comfortable to read. There is a variety of devices that can store e-books: computers, tablets, smartphones.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that modern world is full of exciting things like sports, TV, parties and so on. Nevertheless, books shouldn't be forgotten.
Monologue “School homework”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about your school homework. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
how long it takes you to do your homework;
what subject you usually start with, and why;
· whether schoolchildren should be given more or less homework, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about my school homework.
To begin with, I'd like to say that school homework is an essential part of school education. Almost everyone who goes to school is given hometasks.
As for me, duration of doing my homework depends on many factors. For example, our teachers of Literature and History are in the habit of giving a lot of homework, which involves reading many pages of textbooks, writing synopses, making presentations, and so on. If you are not ready with all this stuff, you get a bad mark. As I don't want to get bad marks, I have to spend long hours to prepare for the lessons. It may take me 3 or even 4 hours to finish the school homework. But to tell the truth, there are teachers who spare pupils’ time and don’t give much work. They organize their lessons so that there is little left for home.
As to sequence of subjects, I usually start with Literature because this is the most voluminous subject including many works of fiction, critique, philosophy, and the like. I prefer to get rid of the most boring subject in the first place and then start doing something that is more interesting.
I strongly believe that schoolchildren should be given less homework. I don't understand teachers who give their pupils too much homework and are sure that they do them good. Teachers should know that our brain can effectively process a limited amount of information. The rest of information vanishes into thin air. If you keep trying to remember everything you are given by teachers, you will most likely go crazy.
In conclusion, I'd like to appeal to teachers and make them remember their own school life. Teachers should never forget that they were pupils in the past and, like today’s young people, had difficulties with the homework.
Monologue "TV"
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about TV. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
whether watching TV is still a popular pastime with teenagers, and why, or why not;
how many hours a week you watch TV;
What do you dislike most about TV.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about TV.
To begin with, I'd like to say that TV is one of the greatest inventions of all times. It is impossible to imagine days when people lived without TV.
In my opinion, watching TV is losing its popularity with teenagers. The reason is that teenagers prefer the Internet to TV. Not long ago, TV used to be the main source of information and entertainment. It is no longer the case. Now, if you want to know what is happening in the world, you launch a browser, do some clicks and get innumerable quantity of information. If you want to watch something entertaining, you don't need TV. There are lots of youtube channels providing clips, shows, interviews with celebrities, and the like. You can start watching a video, pause it for any time and then start again. You can't do the same trick with television.
As for me, I don't watch TV very often. I usually do it when new episodes of my favorite serials appear. So, I watch TV approximately 3 of 4 hours a week. Sometimes it happens that there are no new episodes of my favorite serials, so I spend no time at all.
There are a lot of things I dislike about TV. But endless blocks of commercials drive me really crazy! It goes without saying that advertising gives money for producing new content, but there should be some limits to advertising.
In conclusion, I’d like to acknowledge the great importance of television, but at the same time, I’d like to state the fact that TV is gradually abandoning its absolute position making way for the Internet.
Monologue “Free time”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about your free time. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
whether you have a lot of free time, and why, or why not;
what you enjoy doing in your free time;
what your Sunday afternoons are like.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about my free time.
To begin with, I'd like to say that people have to work more and more in the modern world to make a career, earn a living, and become successful. This also holds true for teenagers, because they have to study a lot. So, both adults and teenagers don't have much free time.
As for me, I don't have much free time either, because I am faced with a number of important exams this year. As I don't want to fail them, I make every effort to learn the necessary material. I read a lot of textbooks and additional articles, do innumerable exercises, attend preparation courses, and so on.
In spite of the fact that I have to work a lot, I try to find some time for recreation and fun. Frankly speaking, I enjoy doing many things in my free time. I like to take walks, come to see my friends, watch TV, surf the Internet, and so on. My favorite pastime is going to a swimming pool. I am keen on having a healthy lifestyle, and swimming helps me to keep fit.
As to my Sunday afternoons, I should confess that they are just for doing nothing active. I usually take my tablet, sink into the sofa, and watch videos on youtube or communicate in social nets. Sunday afternoons are the period when I don't overload myself with activities, because I need to collect my strength for Monday, which is my busiest weekday.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that it is very important to not only have free time but also give it to your hobbies and interests.
Monologue “Weather and seasons”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about weather and seasons. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
which of the four seasons you like most, and why;
how the Earth's climate has changed recently;
whether you trust the weather forecast, and why.
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about weather and seasons.
To begin with, I'd like to say that there are four seasons in a year: winter, spring, summer, and autumn.
As for me, I like summer most of all, because this is the period when we have vacations. And vacations mean freedom. Absolutely! We have no need to get up early and be in a hurry to leave for school. It is not necessary to spend long hours doing school homework. The only thing we have to do in summer is relaxing to the max. In addition to it, the weather is awesome in summer! As a rule, it is warm and sunny.
By the way, the Earth's climate has changed recently. If you take a closer look at what's happening in the world, you see natural phenomena that never took place before. Melting arctic ice is one of numerous examples. It gradually fills the ocean with huge amounts of additional water that makes the water level higher and causes ecological disasters. In addition to it, mass media often give information about disastrous hurricanes and severe droughts that occur in unexpected time and place.
As to the weather forecast, I don't trust it if it is given for the longer period of time. I don't believe that man can predict what is going to be in a week or fortnight. Nevertheless, I think that the weather forecast for one or two days is most likely to be correct, and you should trust it.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that weather is an interesting subject, which is worth studying and paying attention to.
Monologue “Photography”
Exercise
You are going to give a talk about photography. You will have to start in 1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes.
Remember to say:
why people like taking pictures
why taking photos is more popular today than it was in the past
what the best photo you have ever taken is
You have to talk continuously.
Sample Answer
Well, I am going to give a talk about photography.
To begin with, I'd like to say that people have always wanted beautiful moments of life to last forever. Photography helps them to make it happen.
People like taking pictures for a number of reasons. As I have just mentioned, people want to save beautiful moments of life forever. For example, while visiting an exotic country, you see lots of things that don't exist in your own area. You never see a coconut tree in Siberia and heaps of snow somewhere in the south. Why not take a picture? In addition to it, people take pictures not only for fun but also for fixing details of an occurrence. It is often the case when pictures help to investigate a crime.
It is really a fact that taking photos is more popular today than it was in the past. The main reason is that taking photos has become much easier today. You just take a smartphone, do a click and that's it. It has also become easier to share photos with friends. You can upload it
on your profile in a social net and let everyone see it.
As for me, I like taking photos very much. Frankly speaking, I have many good photos, but the best one was taken last year in the Altai Mountains. My friends and I effected an ascent of a mountain and took a picture on the very top of it. The picture is just awesome! When I look at it, I admire wonderful nature and remember my friends.
In conclusion, I'd like to say that taking pictures is a never-ending hobby, which will carry away more and more people.
ALGORITHM How to write abstracts and abstracts
1. Read the text, identify its topic and main idea.
2. Divide the text into logical and semantic parts.
3. Having chosen a title for each part, draw up a plan for the text.
4. Put a question for each logical and semantic part of the text: "What is this part about?"
5. Find the answer in the text, it must be written concisely in your own words or in the words of the author (these will be t e z i s).
6. Having supplemented the theses with specific material, facts taken from the text with quotations, we will have k o n s p e k t.
7. When compiling a plan, abstract or summary, you must write down the author's last name, the full name of the publication, the year, the publisher, the name of the journal or newspaper where this material is published.
8. Highlight sections, paragraphs, paragraphs in the abstract, separating them from one another.
9. After each completed part, it is advisable to make an interval (for new notes).
10. It is advisable to highlight the main theses, ideas with different colors, underlining, icons, etc.
Note that there is a generally accepted system for highlighting the main theses, ideas, in particular:
a) underlining individual phrases in the text:
straight line- highlighting an important thought;
wavy line- incomprehensible;
vertical line in margin- a particularly important thought;
b) marginal notes:
? - question;
?? - doubtful;
! ! ! - interesting;
V- insertion, addition.
Quotes - this is a verbatim excerpt from any text, essay, or verbatim cited someone's words.
Quotes are used to work with primary sources, they can be an illustration to the topic.
General citation requirements
1. The text of the quotation is given in quotation marks and in the grammatical form given in the original source, while preserving the features of the author's spelling.
2. Citations must be complete, without arbitrary reduction of the quoted text and without distorting the author's thoughts. Omissions of words, sentences, paragraphs when quoting are allowed without distorting the quoted text; three dots are put in place of the missing part of the text.
3. When citing, each quotation must be accompanied by references to the source, which is submitted in accordance with the rules for the design of a bibliographic description.
4. In the case of indirect quoting (retelling), it is necessary to be as accurate and correct as possible regarding the assessment of what is said in the text.
5. Quotes should be used in moderation. Numerous citations give the impression of a compilation, and insufficient citation reduces the value of the position being substantiated.
6. If some words are highlighted in a quotation, it is necessary to indicate the initials of the author in brackets after the cited text.
Note-taking is conducted from the first (from oneself) or from the third person. Taking notes in the first person develops independent thinking better.
There are different types of abstracts:
textual - you need to find in the work a textual answer to the question posed,
Free - require the ability to retell the idea in your own words, avoiding the secondary, dwelling only on the main facts.
mixed. Mixed note-taking combines free presentation of content with citation. When writing in the abstract, it is necessary to use a different font, underlining, etc.
Fixing new information when working with printed sources of information involves the analysis of the basic concepts of the study.
concept- this is "a form of thinking that displays the essential properties, connections, relationships of objects and phenomena in their contradictions and development."
Concepts are used to compose thesauri.
Thesaurus- this is an ordered set of basic concepts for a section, topic, description of a system of knowledge about reality.
Using the thesaurus, you can search for the necessary information
Conceptual and terminological support of the study
Scientific concepts, presented in the text as terms, form the basis of any research. They determine the logic of research, ensure the development of thought. By the way a graduate uses them, they judge his competence and even intelligence.
Each essay, each term paper and diploma work has its own internal system of concepts, which has its own categories and subordination links. It is very important to build a conceptual and terminological system of your work and remove contradictions and excesses that prevent you from clearly and simply presenting the topic. This is the work of compiling your thesaurus.
Thesaurus can consist of 5-10 terms in the abstract,
10-15 terms - in coursework
and at least 20-25 - in the thesis.
When using scientific terminology, some rules should be observed:
Rule one - do not overload the text with scientific terminology.
Rule two - do not use terms you do not understand.
Rule three - do not distort the meaning and meaning of the term used, which has been established in science.
Frequent repetition of the same term should be avoided in the text. It is desirable that it should not be accessed more often than after 10-15 lines. The term can be replaced by a pronoun and another synonymous noun
In research activities, one should always remember the multifunctionality of scientific terminology, that is, the ability of a term to designate different phenomena and states in different situations. For example, "learning motivation" in some cases can be considered as a principle of teaching, in another - as a method, in the third - as the goal of the teacher's actions. Therefore, it is always necessary to clarify with what meaning and with what function we use the term.
How to write a monologue
1. Think over the topic, formulate the main idea of the statement.
2.
Take care of the correct understanding of the topic, the depth and
the completeness of its disclosure.
3.
To confirm your thoughts, use the life
experience, cite only reliable facts and specific illustrative material.
4. Present the material convincingly, do not forget about the evidence of the main points.
5. Quote appropriately and correctly.
6. Adhere to compositional harmony and logical sequence in the presentation of thoughts.
7.
Use different types of speech, maintain unity
chosen style, do not forget about literacy.
I think; from my point of view; it seems to me; mean that; don't you think that; I would like to argue with the author of this statement; I do not agree with the existing opinion; I would like to discuss this problem; I would like to take a different look at this problem; I would like to look at this problem from the other side; I have thoughts on this issue; I don't think it's quite right; in my opinion, this situation is possible; this problem has always bothered me; I will never agree with this opinion (point of view), etc.
For example, to the theme "Friendship is the greatest treasure"
I. When does a person need friends?
II. Friendship is the embodiment of high moral standards of communication between people.
1. Friendship is incompatible with selfishness.
2. To be friends means to understand another person.
3. Friends are known in trouble.
4. A true friend will always tell the truth.
III. Without a true friend, not life, but tight.
Before constructing a monologue statement, make a plan (simple, complex).
1.introduction
2.main body
3. conclusions. Conclusion
HOW TO SUCCESSFULLY PASS EXAMS!!!
Exam preparation
Before you start preparing for exams, you should equip a place for classes: remove unnecessary things, conveniently arrange the necessary textbooks, manuals, notebooks, paper, pencils, etc. Psychologists believe that it is good to introduce yellow and purple colors because they increase intellectual activity. No need to re-paste the wallpaper or change the curtains for this, just some kind of picture in such colors, a print, which in the end you can do yourself, using, for example, the collage technique.
When starting to prepare for exams, it is helpful to have a plan.
To begin with, it’s good to determine who you are - an “owl” or a “lark”, and depending on this, load the morning hours or, on the contrary, the evening hours as much as possible.
When making a plan for each day of preparation, it is necessary to clearly define what exactly will be studied today. Not in general: “I’ll work out a little,” but what exactly will you learn today, which sections of which subject.
Of course, it's good to start - until you're tired, while your head is fresh - from the most difficult, from the section that you obviously know the worst. But it also happens that you don’t want to do it, nothing comes to mind. In short, "no mood." In this case, it is useful to start, on the contrary, with what you know best, with the material that interests and pleases you the most. Perhaps you will gradually get used to it and things will work out.
Be sure to alternate work and rest, say, 40 minutes of classes, then a 10-minute break. You can wash the dishes at this time, water the flowers, do exercises.
Preparing for the exam, do not strive to read and memorize the entire textbook. It is useful to repeat material on questions. After reading the question, first remember and be sure to briefly write down everything you know on this issue, and only then check yourself against the textbook. Pay special attention to the subheadings of the chapter or paragraph of the textbook, the rules and the highlighted text. Check the correctness of dates, basic facts. Only after that carefully, slowly read the textbook, highlighting the main thoughts - these are the strong points of the answer.
At the end of each day of preparation, you should check how you have learned the material: again briefly write down the plans for all the questions that were worked out that day.
When preparing for exams, it is generally useful to structure the material by drawing up plans, schemes, and be sure to do this not in your mind, but on paper. Such fixation on paper is useful because when remembering, repeating "to oneself", recognition and real knowledge are mixed, and it is always easier to recognize than to remember. There is an impression of knowledge, and when you need to retell it to others, say it out loud, it disappears somewhere. It is with this that there are often cases when it seems that you know, remember, but you start to answer, and the answer turns out to be fragmentary, crumpled. Therefore, it is good to use such techniques for school year when preparing lessons. By the way, then you will have to prepare less for exams. When you write down an answer plan, you are in the position of a person passing on your knowledge to others, that is, you are doing the same thing that should be done when answering in class or on an exam. Plans are also useful because they are easy to use for brief repetition of material and even sometimes directly in the answer to exams.
Answers to the most difficult questions in full, in detail, tell your mother, friend - anyone who wants to listen, and try to do it the way it is required in the exams. It is very good to record the answer on a tape recorder, and then listen to yourself from the outside.
Before the oral exam, it is good to try to tell the answers to the most difficult questions in front of a mirror (preferably such that you can see yourself in full growth), paying attention to posture, gestures, and facial expressions. Why should this be done? It has been established in psychology that the greater the difference in the states of a person at the moment when he receives information
If at some point in your preparation for exams you begin to feel that this is impossible to learn and you will never be able to remember everything that is required, think about how much you already know about this subject, be aware of where you are and how much you still have to go to master all the material. You just need to be as specific as possible. Not: “Oh, moms, I don’t know anything” or “I won’t have time anyway, so isn’t it better to give it all up”, but by separating easy or relatively easy questions and topics for you from those that you are looking at, how for Chinese literacy. And then focus on what you need to learn, sort of bridging the gap between the known and the unknown.
The main thing is that you should never try to learn the entire textbook by heart, but you should always remember that your task is not to memorize, but to understand. Therefore, focus on key thoughts. Be sure to solve problems (in mathematics, physics), parse sentences, words (in Russian) - in general, learn how to perform practical tasks well; and not just perform, but also tell in full, aloud, how you performed them, what was the course of your actions and reasoning.
When preparing for an exam, never think that you will fail, but, on the contrary, mentally paint yourself a picture of triumph, an easy victorious answer. Thinking about a possible failure is not without reason called self-destructive. They not only prevent you from preparing, creating constant tension and confusion in your thoughts, occupying the main place in them, they also just allow you to do nothing or do everything carelessly (why work if it still doesn’t work out). The advice can be this: focus on specific tasks, think over the training program for each day and follow it clearly, be sure to draw up a plan for answering each question, each on a separate sheet, so that by the end of the day you see some material expression of your work.
A few days before the exam, be sure to mentally “lose” the situation of the exam, imagine the situation, the commission, your answer in all details. Try to be as specific and detailed as possible. But - attention! - concentrate on choosing the best answer, the best form of behavior, and try not to pay attention to self-destructive thoughts about failure, about your own fears: do not drive them away, but do not “fixate” on them.
On the eve of the exam
Leave one day before the exam to repeat all the answer plans again, and before the oral exam, retell them to someone or to yourself in front of a mirror as if you were answering the commission on the exam. Do not repeat the tickets in order, it is better to write the numbers on the sheets of paper and pull them, as in exams. Each time, before you tell the ticket, remember and write down the answer plan. If it turned out easy, you can not tell - you know this question well. Say only what you feel is difficult. When telling a story, use a written plan - in the exam, you can use the notes made in preparation for the answer. At the same time, watch your posture, gestures, facial expressions, voice. Know that your speech, your whole appearance should express confidence in yourself and your knowledge. It is known that voice, posture, gesticulation not only “give out” a person’s state, but, according to the feedback principle, they can influence it, that is, by taking a confident pose, starting to speak in a calm and confident voice, you actually become calmer and more confident in yourself.
If you are worried, then immediately on the eve imagine the situation of the exam in all colors, with all your feelings, experiences, “terrible thoughts”: here you are in the classroom, here you are pulling a ticket, sit down to get ready, go out to answer, answer, etc. So , at first you imagine how your hands tremble or your throat dries up, and not a single thought remains in your head, but now you pull a ticket, sit down or read a task on the board during a written exam, fear disappears, you concentrate and start calmly prepare for an answer or complete a task. Approach the examination committee and confidently answer all questions. Once again: imagine everything as concretely as possible, in detail, with all the feelings, experiences, actions, but in the way you would like everything to happen, as it should happen if you pass the exam successfully.
Naturally, if you don’t have any fear of the exam at all, then you don’t even need to imagine it. However, in this case, think about whether you are too calm. The lack of some "prelaunch" excitement also often gets in the way of good answers.
If you are very afraid, try a technique called "bringing to the point of absurdity." Try to scare yourself as much as possible. Imagine all the most terrible, unthinkable details and horrifying consequences. If you are working out alone or in a group, try to scare each other harder. Such an extreme intensification of fear usually leads a person to the idea that, in essence, there is nothing to be afraid of, and even the most severe consequences are actually not so terrible.
Everyone knows that in order to fully prepare for the exam, only one, the last night before it, is missing. This, however, is nonsense. You are already tired, and there is no need to overwork yourself. On the contrary, stop preparing in the evening. Wash your face. Take a walk. Get as much sleep as possible so that you wake up refreshed, feeling healthy, strong, even a little aggressive. After all, an exam is a kind of struggle, primarily a struggle of charms, in which one must be able to stand up for oneself. On the way to the exam, it is not harmful to just flip through the textbook.
During the exam
How to behave in an exam?
Here are some helpful tips.
Having taken a ticket, after reading the tasks on the board, read the questions and start preparing from that question, to complete the task that, even if not much, is easier for you.
Write a rough answer plan in pencil on a clean sheet of paper. Make a list of all the nuances you want to touch on in your answer. Write even what may seem unnecessary at first, this will help you remember some more facts in the process of writing. If you manage to do this, you will immediately feel some relief. Your nerves will become calmer, your head will begin to work more clearly and clearly. You will be free from nervousness, and all your energy can now be directed to answering the exam question.
Drawing up this little plan will probably take you 20-25 minutes, and you may notice that many people around have already put their papers aside. Do not do this: it may then backfire on you. If possible, attach your plan sheet to the exam questions sheet and the examiner will see that you have taken the trouble to write your answer plan ahead of time and that you have a methodical mindset. When the 25 minutes have passed, you can sit back and relax, because you have in fact already answered the questions and all that is left to do is rewrite it clean. As you rewrite, new thoughts may come into your head that will allow you to expand on the plan written in pencil.
Reduce the work of the examiner. He or she will count towards your asset if your work is easy to read and annotate. Clear and legible handwriting is a must.
If possible, formulate a short answer to the whole question in the first sentence of the first paragraph. In this way, you will give the examiner the opportunity to understand that the meaning of the question is clear to you and that you have a correct understanding of the subject.
If the question consists of several parts, name each of them and underline the subheadings: then the examiner will be able to quickly review your work and immediately see that you have something to say for each item.
If you are talking about some hypotheses or include the dates of certain events in your answer, underline them too: knowledge of the dates immediately catches the examiner's eye.
Make sure that the finished answer has an introduction, body and conclusion. If you are writing an essay, then in the introduction you need to list all the problems that you are going to cover, then in the main part of the work you need to expand the whole problem in detail, and in the conclusion to complete the course of your thoughts and put an end to it.
What to do, if...
Suddenly, you find that you have come across a question on which you can say very little. Do not panic, but immediately start writing down everything you have ever heard about this: whether from a TV show, from a comedy movie, from a conversation with parents or friends, or from an encyclopedia. In the process of writing, some thoughts may come to mind, and you may remember something from the class or read. And you can do that too. Divide a sheet of paper into two parts. On the left write, for example: “What do I know” (or just put “+”), on the right - “What I don’t know” (or “-”). Feel free to write on the left side everything that comes to your mind about the answer - rules, examples, separate provisions, etc. It's okay if all this is messy. On the right write down questions, “holes”, points about which, as it seems to you, you cannot say anything. From time to time, look over the right side and cross out everything that you remember. At the end of the preparation, be sure to draw up an answer plan: it’s better to answer not everything, but what you know, state clearly and logically than to say everything, but do it randomly, starting to talk about one thing, then suddenly moving on to another, returning to what forgot, etc.;
You don't really know anything. Do not tell the examiner about this, but say something, at least some nonsense like: “Before talking about Pushkin’s work, we need to talk about the principles of poetic creativity in general ...” Although, of course, it’s better to play by the rules;
In mid-sentence, you forgot what to talk about. First of all, don't lose your head. Keep calm, at least outwardly - this can happen to anyone! Repeat the last phrase, first in the same way as before, and then, if you can, in other words. During this time, remember the answer plan: what have you already told? What might this phrase refer to? In most cases this helps. If so, feel free to continue answering. If not, look at the sheet that you wrote in preparation for the answer, and start answering the next item of the plan (even if it only seems to you that this item is next). Then at the end of the answer you can always return to what you missed;
You have almost finished answering and then finally remembered what you wanted to say when you “lost your mind”, or what you forgot to say. It's OK. Finish saying what was said, and then say what you missed. In no case do not interrupt the answer for the sake of what you remembered. It's better to say something at the end than the whole answer will be illogical. Do not say: “Yes, I also forgot to mention about ...” Say, for example, like this: “Let's go back to (name of the plan item). I would like to add ... "or like this:" In addition, it must be said that ... "," It should be emphasized that ... ";
They don't listen to you. Do not take this as a personal insult, do not take it personally. Continue the answer as if you didn't notice it;
The examiner interrupts you in a harsh and unpleasant way, demands something to be clarified, repeated. Or even worse, “throws” unpleasant remarks. It seems that everyone conspired to flunk you. Take a break from this. Courage and composure are required from you, the ability not to show resentment. Focus on the correct answer. Answer clearly and briefly. This is the only way you can prove that you are being treated unfairly. In no case do not show that you are angry, and do not try to arouse pity for yourself. The most effective thing is to maintain self-respect and keep calm;
You misspoke, and everyone started laughing. Do not worry. It can happen to anyone. Even professionals - radio and television announcers - make a reservation. Laugh with everyone - and that's it. If no one except you noticed the reservation at all, continue to speak further as if nothing had happened;
You are asked an additional question. Don't be scared. Don't rush to answer. You can say that you need to think a little. Clearly define what this question refers to, what answer it requires. Formulate the answer in your mind before you speak. It takes very little time to do this;
You are mistaken. So what? Everyone makes mistakes. If you spot an error and know how to fix it, do so. If you are not sure whether your answer is correct or not, continue answering as if nothing happened. If you are pointed out to a mistake and you are not firmly convinced that you are right, it is better to agree. Don't be afraid of mistakes! Learn, using mistakes, better understand the material being digested;
You were given a mark below the one you expected. Don't argue, don't argue. During the entrance exams, use the right to appeal. And of course, never forget about the sense of humor - let it not leave you during the exam.
Exam in the form of a test
A few words about preparing for the exams, which are conducted in the form of testing. This way of passing exams is becoming more and more common, it is in this form that the introduction of the so-called unified state exam is planned.
When preparing for this type of exam, it is helpful to use all of the tips that have been given above as being helpful in preparing for regular exams. To this we can add that it is advisable to practice by performing various kinds of test tasks, as close as possible in form to the examination test. If testing is supposed to be done using a computer, you should work on a computer (there are many computer tests now). If the exam is planned to be conducted using blank tests, you should acquire at least a minimum skill in working with this kind of test material.
Now in many cities there are special centers, rooms where those who wish can be tested, and perhaps this should be used specifically for training. However, the school psychologist can best solve this problem using the tests available to him. Viewing and analyzing (perhaps collectively) the tactics of the behavior of players in television shows, built in the form of a kind of testing, as it was in the game “Oh, lucky!”, Where the player had to choose one correct answer from four proposed, can bring a certain benefit.
Obviously, in such tasks (namely, they are assumed to be the main ones in a single state exam) it is useful first of all, without looking at the possible answers, to try to give your own answer, based on what you know. And only if there is no such answer, one should proceed to guessing tactics. In this case, one must first discard the obviously wrong answer or answers and try, at least on the basis of common sense, to choose an answer from the remaining ones. If no logical reasoning is possible, rely on your intuition: perhaps it will not fail.
And, do not waste time, answer first those questions that you know well and are sure of the answers. Then move on to the ones you need to think about. And with those questions that "do not give in", intuition and luck will cope.
What should I do when I'm shaking all over before an exam? However, this "shaking" can be eliminated using this method. Close your eyes. Imagine yourself alone in a room. The room should be very comfortable and cozy. It should also contain a sofa on which you sit. You are completely relaxed, nothing disturbs you. Say to yourself or out loud: "I have achieved everything that I wanted, I have nothing to worry about." Repeat this phrase over and over. Stay in this state with your eyes closed for 1-2 minutes. Then open your eyes. You will feel that there is no trace left of your anxiety!
information-communicative - receives and transmits information regulatory-communicative - regulates a person's behavior during his communication - how to influence a person: express a request, advise, approve, prohibit, etc. etc. affective-communicative, determining emotional spheres human - value-oriented: to express feelings. When organizing oral-speech communication in a lesson, it should be borne in mind that three phases are distinguished in the structure of speaking: .
1. Motivation-incentive. During the processing of incoming information, the listener develops his own communicative task, his speech skill, and the idea of the statement appears.
2. Analytical-synthetic: In this phase, the implementation of the intention of the statement, the structural design, due to the communicative task and the situation of communication, is carried out. There is a choice of language means, comparison and combination of words (implementation of paradigmatic and syntagmatic connections of the word: completion, construction, transformation, combination from what is stored in memory).
3. Control and performance: At this stage, the pronunciation or external design of the statement, the logical construction in accordance with the plan, the emotional and expressive coloring of the speech are carried out.
In the structure of a monologue statement, there are:
1. The level of the sentence (phrase), where the thought is called, but not revealed
2. The level of superphrasal unity, where the thought is revealed
3. The level of extended text, which includes combinations of communicative types of speech.
4. The level of free speech, where the ability to speak in an unprepared situation is realized.
When teaching a monologue statement, one should keep in mind the various types of monologue statements:
A monologue-description is a way of expressing thoughts, involving a description of an object, a phenomenon, which is carried out by listing their qualities, signs, and features. Monologue-message (narration, story) - information about developing events, actions and states
A reasoning monologue is a type of speech that is characterized by special logical relationships between its constituent judgments that form a conclusion.
At the same time, students show different levels of speech formation. Such as:
a) the reproductive level, which does not imply the independence and creativity of students both in the choice of language means and in determining the content of the statement, it is given from the outside
b) a reproductive and productive level, which implies an element of creativity and independence, manifested in the variation of language material, its use in a new situation, in changing the sequence and composition of the presentation
c) a productive level that characterizes the independence of the selection and construction of the statement, as well as a creative approach in its design, the presence of an assessment by the speaker.
When teaching monologue speech, two methods are used: deductive and inductive. The deductive method involves working on a text - a model, and the inductive method involves deploying a statement from a sentence to a monologue.
From the experience gained by teachers, it follows that the work on the above types of monologue statements requires the use of appropriate types of exercises aimed at learning
a) utterance at the level of one sentence
These exercises can be:
- combine simple sentences of the story into complex ones
- complete the sentence using the given options
- select the appropriate arguments for these theses
b) an elementary statement - a superphrasal unity.
Exercises for this level:
- explain the reason
- prove that
-Choose a picture and justify your choice
- express your opinion about the events and its participants
Here it is necessary to form the ability to logically and consistently combine sentences, combining them into a statement about the subject on a given topic, in a given situation.
c) possession of free speech:
-compositions on the board, flannelgraph, overdoscope, (allowing you to vary situations)
- headlines, - slogans, - aphorisms, - sayings
-symbols, -pictograms, color, diagrams, schemes, graphic pictorial clarity.
These supports provide motivation for the statement, develop students' creativity and imagination.
38) EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TACTILE_KINESTHETIC FEELINGS(Take not all the exercises, but those that you liked)
Exercise games
for the development of tactile-kinesthetic sensitivity
"Say hello to the water"
(children touch the water in various ways)
"Fingers greet water":
- touch the water alternately with each finger of the right and left hand, then with two hands at the same time (first only with the index, then with the middle, then with the ring, thumb and, finally, little fingers), then with all fingers at the same time;
- easily and with tension (alternately) compress the fists in the water and unclench them, as if holding water in them;
- rub in the water with your fingers alternately (index, middle, etc.), as if "grinding" something;
- quickly touch the fingers of the hand on the surface of the water, performing "running" movements; the fingers of the right hand, then the left hand, and then the fingers of both hands at the same time can “run” on the water.
The index and middle fingers of the right and left hands can “run” along the water:
A man lived in the world -
crooked legs,
And he walked for a century
On a twisted path.
Here are the bare feet running
Directly to the river along the path.
The fingers of both hands “run” along the surface of the water, and then they clench into fists; fists sink to the bottom:
The fingers went out for a walk.
One, two, three, four, five,
They hid in the house again.
“Walk” with your fingers on the water, taking small steps (lightly touch the water with your fingertips) and “walk” on the water, clenching your hands into fists - big steps:
On a flat path
Our feet walked
Our legs were walking.
(Small steps are taken.)
On a flat road
Gone are the big legs.
Top-top-top, top-top-top,
Our feet were walking!
(Big "steps" are being taken
fists.)
"Palms greet with water":
- touch the water with the whole palm, first with the inside and then with the back;
- rub your palms in the water in different directions.
"River flowing":
- an adult pours water from a cup into the closed palms of the child, and the child tries to hold the water in his palms, and then release it from his hands; the child tries to keep his fingers closed so that the water does not “run away” through them.
"Cam - cup":
- children make “glasses” by closing their fingers and forming a hole inside, and an adult pours water into the “glasses” from a watering can (bottle); children watch how water flows from the bottom of the hands - "glasses".
"Fish swim"
- glide with the edge of the palms on the surface of the water and at depth, performing zigzag and circular movements, showing how the fish swim; then lower the handles into the water, to the very bottom - “the fish are hiding”:
In clear blue water
A line of fish swims.
Glittering with golden scales,
Spinning, playing flock!
Silence beckons them down
Fish, fish, go to sleep.
Imagine this - a reservoir,
I am a magical fish
I swim in it.
Swing your wrists left and right:
Fishes dance in the blue sea, -
Good for them in the open!
The fish swims in the water
Fish are fun to play with.
Fish, fish, naughty,
We want to catch you.
- imitate movements with hands in accordance with the text (squeeze and unclench fists, press palms to the bottom):
The fish are having fun
In clean warm water:
They will shrink, they will unclench,
They will bury themselves in the sand.
"The chicken drinks water":
- fold your fingers in the form of a beak; rhythmically tilt the hand down into the water, lift it up out of the water, imitating a chicken's watering hole:
Our chicken was walking
Grass fresh plucked
And drank water
Directly from the trough.
"Wash":
- on the first line - rub one fist against the other, on the second line - movements of the palms to the right - to the left, on the third - compress-unclench the fists, imitate movements depicting hanging clothes:
We washed clothes
rinsed in the river,
Squeezed out, hung out -
That has become fun!
"Rain, rain, drizzle!":
The sun with a cloud again
They started playing hide and seek.
Only the sun hides
The cloud will cry all over!
An adult tells the children that the cloud is starting to cry - and it starts to rain. The rain can be fine, droplets rarely fall, or it can pour heavily:
- strike alternately with the fingers of both hands on the surface of the water, depicting falling raindrops; and when the rain intensifies, you can hit the water with all your fingers at once;
- lower the handles into the water and raise them, watching how drops of water flow from them, - “the rain is over”,
- raise your hands out of the water and spray droplets, squeezing and unclenching your fists.
Drip-drip-drip, drip-drip-drip,
The clouds are gathering
Drip-drip-drip, drip-drip-drip,
The rain starts
Here are drops on the ground
The droplets fell
Brooks, streams
They ran quickly.
Hit with fingertips
on the surface of the water
Run your fingers through the water
depicting circles
Drip-drip-drip, drip-drip-drip,
The rain continues
And no way, no way
The rain doesn't end.
The droplets are tired
Long dance.
Rain, rain, stop.
Let's get some rest!
Hit with fingertips
on the surface of the water
Handles shake off, splashing
the last drops
- catch droplets in their palms (children can drip water into their palms themselves, or an adult can drip water into the palms of children, depicting rain):
Rain, rain, more fun!
Drip, drip, don't be sorry!
Rain, rain
Lei, lei, lei,
For me and people!
Rain, rain, more
The grass will get thicker!
Rain, rain, more fun!
Drip, drip, don't be sorry!
Just don't get us wet!
Don't knock on the window in vain -
Spray into the field more:
The grass will get thicker!
Rain, rain, more
The grass will be thicker.
Rain, rain, harder
Garden you are our fields.
"Waves":
- waves can be depicted by performing movements in the water to the right and left, diving movements up and down, with one hand or two hands at the same time:
The wind drives waves, waves!
Enough, wind, enough, enough!
Calm down, be quiet!
The waves will immediately become lower!
(Gradually, the waves subside, hand movements become less sharp, more smooth.)
"Boats are floating":
- palm of the hand - up, fold the fingers in a “boat”, smoothly move the brush back and forth on the water - “boats are floating”; then smoothly move the brush to the left - to the right, depicting swaying movements - “rock the boat”:
The boat rocked for a long time.
The wind died down and the boat stood up.
- on the first lines, connect two palms with a boat and perform wave-like movements with your hands. To the words “I will raise the sails” - raise straightened palms up, then imitate the movements of waves and fish:
I will press two palms and swim across the sea.
Two palms, friends - this is my boat!
I'll raise the sails, I'll swim in the blue sea,
And fish swim here and there on the wild waves.
- both palms are placed on the edge, thumbs are pressed to the palms, like a ladle:
The boat floats on the river
Leaving rings on the water.
- both palms are placed on the edge, the little fingers are pressed, the thumbs are raised up:
A boat without wheels!
What a miracle - a steamboat!
Went straight to the sea!
"Quack-quack ducks":
- put three fingers together (index, middle and large), depicting the beak of a duck. The movements of the "ducks" are accompanied by rhyming text.
First, the “ducks” swim on the water (swinging movements on the surface of the water), then dive and emerge (the handles go down to the depth and float up), paddle with their paws (to touch the water with their fingers, depicting duck legs):
Swinging on the waves
The duck is swimming
It dives, it pops up
Rows with paws.
Are your students able to reproduce a monologue on a given topic in English? Not to retell what was read or heard, not to tell what was written in advance and carefully memorized, namely, to talk on a given topic? Quite often the answer to this question is “no”. Nevertheless, the skill is important and necessary. So how can we help our students?
Today we tell you how to teach a monologue statement.
What it is?
This is a form of speech characterized by expansion, autonomy, the presence of a goal and a special linguistic design. A monologue is always addressed to someone, whether it be a group of people, one person, or the speaker himself. In addition, this form of utterance always has a goal, from which the design of speech follows.
Monologue speech in the framework of learning a foreign language is an important skill that is tested by a number of exams, both state and international. Also, the ability to express our thoughts in a special form makes us better interlocutors.
Teaching a monologue occurs from the primary grades and can be conditionally divided into several stages.
- The first stage implies the development of language automatisms, in other words, language learning in general. At this stage, the monologue is rather conditional and is a presentation of what was heard or read, a repetition of the finished material, an imitation of the finished speech, etc. This type of monologic utterance is characteristic of low levels. The output product, although conditionally a monologue, is more dependent on external materials, always prepared and rehearsed in advance.
- At the second stage, there is training in the selection and use of language means, the selection of the necessary and appropriate language material. This stage is also characterized by reliance on the finished text, but is already a reaction to it. In addition, at this stage, the organization of the utterance, the use of linking words and other means of speech design are taught.
- The third stage is an initiative statement, i.e. already a full-fledged monologue on the topic. By this point, students have sufficient command of the language, knowledge of the design and coherence of speech and are able to build a monologue statement on any topic without the need to present the finished text.
With the third stage, as a rule, problems occur. Unfortunately, even adult students high levels often unable to reproduce a monologue of sufficient length. Or their statement can be detailed, but illogical, incoherent, etc.
What to do?
The problem is that many do not know how to arrange their monologue. Often students admit that they do not know what to talk about for, say, 1-2 minutes, etc. No matter how many reasons there are, the solution is often the same - to teach how to format a speech and plan it.
This will help the good old tool - mind mapping. We have already written about how you can use this for . The same principle can be successfully used in preparing a monologue on a topic.
How it works?
For example, take tasks from IELTS exam- Speaking Part 2, which is a monologue on a given topic. Many students who are not prepared for the exam format have problems with this assignment, simply because they do not know how to organize their thoughts so that they mention everything that is in the assignment and fit it into 2 minutes. You have 1 minute to prepare for this task. During this time, it is impossible to write a complete speech, but it is possible to create a reference mind map.
Imagine that the student has to prepare an answer to the following topic:
Describe a language other than English that you would like to learn.
You should say:
what the language is
where it is spoken
what would you think would be difficult and what would be easy about learning the language
and explain why you would like to learn it.
(taken from https://ieltsmaterial.com/)
The task of the student is to prepare a monologue for 2 minutes in 1 minute, including everything necessary from the task, and also to structure and arrange it well.
The first thing I recommend to my students and do myself is to emphasize the key points in the assignment so as not to miss anything in my statement. The main topic of the statement will be the language that the student would like to learn besides English. This will be the core of the mind map. Next, the student should mention what language, where it is spoken, what is difficult and easy about it, and why he wants to learn it. These ideas will be the petals of the mind map. They will help us expand our statement to the required volume.
To each of the petals on the mind map, you can add a short answer to the question, reasons (if appropriate), as well as linking words, and other useful vocabulary. As a result, the mind map for this task may look like this:
Click on image to open in larger resolution
With this mind map, you can compose an answer like this:
I am going to talk about a language I would like to learn apart from English.
I've always wanted to learn Spanish. First and foremost, this language is spoken in Spain and is one of the official languages in this country. Moreover, Spanish is an official language in almost all Latin American countries , however it is influenced by their indigenous languages and has a number of local dialects. Finally, Spanish is still used in the former Spanish colonies either like an official language or just a spoken language.
On the one hand, it might seem that Spanish is a difficult language to learn. First of all, it contains a lot of new and unusual words which you have to get used to and memorise. In addition, it contains a vast amount of irregular verbs which change differently and the only way to remember them is just learn them by heart. However, for me personally, the most difficult thing about Spanish is that they all speak so fast which makes it really hard to understand what they are talking about.
On the other hand, Spanish is considered by many people one of the easiest languages to learn. There are many international words in the language as well as words of Latin origin, so it is easier for those whose first language is Roman or who studies Latin at university. Apart from this, Spanish has easy rules of spelling and reading which makes it really quick to acquire both reading and writing in this language, not only speaking and listening. The best part about Spanish, in my opinion, is that the word order is not restricted as in English that is why it is easier to learn for those who have the same word order rules in their languages.
I want to learn the language for at least two reasons. First, it is the second most spoken language in the world by the number of speakers after Mandarin Chinese, so knowing Spanish I can communicate with more people worldwide. Second, it is very beautiful, so if you are in love with Spanish culture as I am, knowing the language is a must. That is why I would learn Spanish if I had a chance.
The map itself can be made more or less detailed, depending on the conditions. If this is not preparation for the exam, namely the teaching of monologue speech, more time can be allocated for preparation (5-10 minutes). When working with an individual student, you can work on the first cards together (use scaffolding and leading questions to help the student, but do not give ready-made ideas and answers).
How does the creation of a mind map help when preparing a monologue statement?
→ Structure of the answer: you can visually indicate the main topic of the statement, as well as the components of the statement. Numbering will help you not get lost in order during the oral answer.
→ Short Answers: Short answers to key questions will help keep you on track. From a short answer, it is already easier to form the details.
→ Useful expressions: fixing useful linking words for each item will help you not to repeat yourself and use a variety of speech formatting tools.
At first, creating this kind of mental map can take a long time. However, in the learning process, this is acceptable. Each time the process will go faster. Arranging thoughts in this way helps to make the statement detailed, diverse and, in the case of IELTS, not to forget anything.
Thus, you can prepare a support not only for a monologue for exams, but also when preparing an answer to questions from a textbook, or preparing a speech on a given topic, for example, in the format of integrated speaking or discussion questions (examples taken from Navigate Advanced C1 Student’s book by Mark Bartram, Kate Pickering, OUP, 2016).
We hope that this little life hack will help your students better shape their thoughts for a monologue.
What do you think of this approach? Would you like to try it with students? What techniques do you use when teaching monologue speech? We are waiting for your stories and questions in the comments!