A and Kuprin duel summary. Literary and historical notes of a young technician
The story "Duel" by Kuprin was first published in 1905. The work belongs to the tradition of neo-realistic prose in Russian literature. Central storyline the story associated with its name is a conflict between two officers, Romashov and Nikolaev, over the wife of the second. Their quarrel led to a duel and the death of the protagonist. In the work, the author touches upon the problem of the relationship between the individual and society, reveals the theme of cruelty in the army, the humiliation of ordinary soldiers by the commanders, reveals the horror and vulgarity of the officer society.
main characters
Georgy Alekseevich Romashov- 22 years old, second lieutenant, "served only the second year in the regiment"; "he was of medium height, thin", "because of great shyness he was awkward"; dreamy young man.
Alexandra Petrovna Nikolaeva (Shurochka)- a woman with whom Romashov was in love; Nikolaev's wife.
Vladimir Efimych Nikolaev- lieutenant, Shurochka's husband, with whom Romashov fought.
Other characters
Vasily Nilovich Nazansky- an officer, a drunkard, was in love with Alexandra Petrovna.
Raisa Alexandrovna Peterson- "regimental lady", Romashov's mistress, wife of Captain Peterson.
Shulgovich- Commander of the regiment.
Chapter 1.
The sixth company is undergoing exercises. Colonel Shulgovich, who arrived at the company, reprimanded Lieutenant Romashov for the fact that the soldiers met the commander in an improper form. Romashov began to justify one of the soldiers, for impudence he was subjected to house arrest for four days.
Chapter 2
Romashov increasingly experienced "the painful consciousness of his loneliness and being lost among strangers, unfriendly or indifferent people." Instead of going to the officers' meeting, Gregory went home.
Chapter 3
Arriving home, Romashov asked the batman if there was anyone from Lieutenant Nikolaev, but the answer was negative. Grigory visited the Nikolaevs almost daily for the last three months.
After graduating military school, Romashov thought that in the service he would be engaged in self-education. However, instead he has a "dirty and boring relationship with a regimental lady", "and more and more often he is burdened by service, and comrades, and his own life."
The batman brought a letter from Raisa, Romashov's mistress. The woman called him to visit, invited him to a quadrille next Saturday. Tearing up the letter, Romashov decided "to last time» go to the Nikolaevs.
Chapter 4
The husband of Alexander Petrovna, Vladimir Efimych Nikolaev, "had to take an exam at the Academy of the General Staff and stubbornly, without rest, prepared for it all year." It was already the third exam - the previous two years he had failed and the third was the last chance. Shurochka really wanted her husband to act, as she was disgusted by the life they were living now.
When Romashov came to the Nikolaevs, during the conversation, Shurochka remembered that officer fights had become legal. She believed that duels were necessary for Russian officers: “then we will not have card cheats among the officers” and “unsleeping drunkards”, like officer Nazansky.
Chapter 5
Leaving the Nikolaevs, Romashov "to spite her" goes to Nazansky. While talking, the men started talking about love. Nazansky believed that love "has its peaks, accessible only to a few out of millions." Nazansky read to Romashov a letter from the woman he loved. Romashov realized that this woman was Alexandra Petrovna. Nazansky also guessed about Grigory's feelings for Shurochka.
Arriving home, Romashov found a letter from Raisa. She knew that Grigory visited the Nikolaevs every evening and wrote that she would “repay cruelly” to him.
Chapter 6
Romashov was under house arrest. Shurochka came to him and brought pies. Romashov kissed the woman on the hand. In parting, Shurochka said that Grigory was her only friend.
Chapter 7
Gregory was taken to the colonel. Shulgovich scolded Romashov because of the rumors: they reported that the officer was drinking. After the conversation, the colonel invited Gregory to an officer's dinner. Romashov returned home "feeling lonely, yearning, lost in some strange, dark and hostile place."
Chapter 8
Romashov came to the ball at the officers' assembly house. Gradually, the ladies began to arrive, and Raisa also arrived. In the expression of her eyes, Romashov saw "some kind of cruel, vicious and confident threat."
The officers discussed duels in the army, their opinions differed - some considered dueling stupidity, others were of the opinion that an insult can only be washed away with blood.
Chapter 9
Romashov, as promised, danced a quadrille with Raisa. During the dance, the woman angrily said that she would not allow her to be treated like that, and began to loudly insult Shura. Raisa claimed that she sacrificed everything for Romashov: “I did not dare to look into the eyes of my husband, this ideal, beautiful person» . Grigory smiled involuntarily: her numerous novels were known to everyone.
Raisa's husband, Captain Peterson, was "a thin, consumptive man." He was madly in love with his wife, so he forgave her all the intrigues.
Chapter 10
During the morning classes, the officers discussed the punishments of the soldiers. Romashov believed that in the army they specifically "are trying to maintain rudeness, martinetism in relations between officers."
Chapter 11
During the exercises, Romashov performed techniques on the machine. He thought about the phrase said by one of the officers: if you think like Grigory, then you have to leave the service.
Chapter 12
In the morning Romashov received a letter from Shurochka. The woman invited him to a name day for a picnic.
Chapter 13
Approaching the house of the Nikolaevs, Romashov felt a strange, causeless anxiety. Shurochka happily met George.
Chapter 14
During the picnic, Shurochka seemed especially charming to Romashov. When in the evening everyone dispersed across the clearing, Grigory and Alexandra retreated deep into the grove. Shurochka admitted that today she is in love with Romashov, but she doesn’t love her husband - “he is rude, he is insensitive, indelicate.” She kissed George, but then asked that Romashov no longer come to them - her husband was besieged by anonymous letters.
Chapter 15
The officers were preparing for the May review "and did not know any mercy, they were tired." Romashov watched as company officers beat their soldiers with particular cruelty.
When during the review the commanders who arrived traveled around all the companies, Romashov felt “that these arrogant people live in some kind of special, beautiful, inaccessible to him, higher life» . The review became a complete "failure of the regiment" - it was revealed "the soulless, routine and negligent attitude of the officers to the service."
During the final march, Romashov, drunk with music and general excitement, dreamed and led to the right, because of which his entire half-company "represented an ugly, broken crowd." After the incident, everyone made fun of Romashov.
Chapter 16
Romashov left the camp and met Nikolaev. Vladimir said that he had been waiting for him here on purpose, and started talking about Alexandra Petrovna. Nikolaev began to receive "boorish anonymous letters" with gossip about his wife and Romashov. Vladimir demanded that Romashov do everything to stop the spread of gossip.
Chapter 17
Romashov "began to retire from the society of officers." Georgy firmly understood that he would not remain to serve in the army and, when the mandatory three years of service had passed, would go into the reserve.
Chapter 18
At the end of May, a soldier hanged himself in the company. In the evening of the same day, the officers drank, joked, sang songs. At night, already fairly drunk, they went to the women. There was a scuffle: a drunken officer began to chop everything with a saber, but Romashov calmed him down.
Chapter 19
The officers went to the meeting and continued to drink and have fun. Many officers in the regiment were "from the spiritual", unexpectedly one of them dragged on a panahida, and they "served" it all in unison. Romashov slammed his fist on the table, forbidding such singing. The drunken officers began to run amok again. Nikolaev, who unexpectedly appeared next to Romashov, said that people like Georgy and Nazansky were dishonoring the regiment. Romashov hinted at "mysterious reasons" for which Nikolaev was dissatisfied with Nazansky. A fight broke out between them. Romashov shouted that he was challenging Nikolaev to a duel.
Chapter 20
In the morning Romashov was summoned to court. A few days later, the court came to the decision that the quarrel between Nikolaev and Romashov could only be resolved by a duel.
Chapter 21
Frustrated, Romashov went to Nazansky. The officer tried to dissuade George from the duel, believing that Romashov needed to leave the army and not be afraid of life.
Chapter 22
When Romashov returned home, he found Shurochka visiting him. She said that although she did not love Vladimir, she “killed part of her soul against him.” She has more pride than her husband - it was she who made him try again and again to enter the academy. If Nikolaev refuses to fight, he will not be accepted into the academy. Therefore, they certainly need to shoot tomorrow - none of them will be injured. At parting, Shurochka and Georgy kissed.
Chapter 23
Report to the commander of the regiment. On June 1, a duel took place between Nikolaev and Romashov. Nikolayev fired first and wounded Romashov in the right upper abdomen. Romashov could no longer shoot back. A few minutes later, Romashov died from an internal hemorrhage.
Conclusion
"Duel" is considered the most significant work in the work of Kuprin. The main character of the story, the young Lieutenant Romashov, is portrayed as romantic, intelligent person with fine mental organization. It is difficult for him to come to terms with the monotonous, philistine life in a provincial infantry regiment - during the years of training, the military seemed to him completely different, more noble people. Realizing that he will not be able to remain in the service, Romashov decides to leave the army after three mandatory years. However, an unfortunate set of circumstances and pressure from Shurochka lead to the sudden death of George. The duel becomes Romashov's attempt to confront the world and society, but he loses in this confrontation.
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Evening classes in the sixth company were coming to an end, and the junior officers looked at their watches more and more impatiently. The charter of garrison service was practically studied. Throughout the parade ground, the soldiers stood scattered: near the poplars that bordered the highway, near the gymnastic machines, near the doors of the company school, at the sighting machines. All these were imaginary posts, such as, for example, the post at the powder magazine, at the banner, in the guard house, at the money box. Breeders walked between them and posted sentries; the changing of the guards took place; non-commissioned officers checked the posts and tested the knowledge of their soldiers, trying either to lure his rifle from the sentry by cunning, then to force him to leave his place, then to hand him some thing to keep, for the most part own cap. The old-timers, who knew this toy casuistry more firmly, answered in such cases in an exaggeratedly stern tone: “Go away! I do not have the full right to give the gun to anyone, except when I receive an order from the Sovereign Emperor himself. But the young people were confused. They still did not know how to separate jokes, examples from the real requirements of the service, and fell into one or the other extreme.
- Khlebnikov! The devil is crooked! - shouted the small, round and nimble corporal Shapovalenko, and in his voice one could hear the suffering of the authorities. “I taught you, you fool!” Whose order are you now fulfilling? Arrested? And, to you! .. Answer, for what you are put on a post!
There was serious confusion in the third platoon. The young soldier Mukhamedzhinov, a Tatar who barely understood and spoke Russian, was completely bewildered by the dirty tricks of his superiors - both real and imaginary. He suddenly became furious, took the gun in his hand, and responded to all persuasion and orders with one decisive word:
- Z-stall!
“Wait a minute… you’re a fool…” non-commissioned officer Bobylev tried to persuade him. - After all, who am I? I'm your guard chief, so...
- I'll stab! the Tartar shouted frightened and angrily, and with his eyes filled with blood, he nervously thrust his bayonet at anyone who approached him. A handful of soldiers gathered around him, rejoicing at the ridiculous adventure and a moment's rest in the bored drill.
The company commander, Captain Sliva, went to investigate the matter. While he trudged along with a sluggish gait, hunched over and dragging his feet, to the other end of the parade ground, the junior officers got together to chat and smoke. There were three of them: Lieutenant Vetkin, a bald, mustachioed man of about thirty-three, a merry fellow, a talker, a songwriter and a drunkard, Lieutenant Romashov, who had served only his second year in the regiment, and Lieutenant Lbov, a lively, slender boy with sly, affectionately stupid eyes and with eternal a smile on his thick, naive lips, all as if stuffed with old officer jokes.
“Swine,” said Vetkin, glancing at his cupronickel watch and angrily clicking the lid. “What the hell is he still holding a company of?” Ethiopian!
“And you should explain it to him, Pavel Pavlich,” Lbov advised with a sly face.
- Hell no. Come on, explain yourself. The main thing is what? The main thing - it's all in vain. They always flog a fever before the shows. And they always overdo it. They pull a soldier, torture him, turn him around, and at the review he will stand like a stump. You know famous case how two company commanders argued, whose soldier will eat more bread? They chose both the most severe gluttons. The bet was big - something like a hundred rubles. Here is one soldier who ate seven pounds and fell off, he can no longer. The company commander is now on the sergeant major: “What are you, such, such, let me down?” And the sergeant only thrashes with his eyes: “So I can’t know, your speed, what happened to him. In the morning they did a rehearsal - eight pounds cracked in one sitting ... "So ours ... They rehearse to no avail, but at the review they will sit in a galosh.
“Yesterday...” Lbov suddenly burst out laughing. “Yesterday, classes were finished in all the companies, I’m going to the apartment, it’s already eight o’clock, perhaps it’s completely dark. I look, in the eleventh company they teach signals. Chorus. "On-ve-di, to the chest-di, on-pa-di!" I ask lieutenant Andrusevich: “Why do you still play such music?” And he says: "It's us, like dogs, howling at the moon."
- I'm tired of everything, Cook! Vetkin said and yawned. “Wait a minute, who is that riding?” Looks like Beck?
- Yes. Bek-Agamalov, - the sharp-sighted Lbov decided. - How beautifully sits.
“Very beautiful,” agreed Romashov. - In my opinion, he rides better than any cavalryman. Ltd! I danced. Beck is flirting.
An officer in white gloves and an adjutant's uniform rode slowly along the highway. Beneath him was a tall, long horse of golden color with a short, in English, tail. She got excited, impatiently shook her steep, collected mouthpiece neck and often fingered her thin legs.
- Pavel Pavlich, is it true that he is a natural Circassian? Romashov asked Vetkin.
- I think it's true. Sometimes, indeed, Armenian women pretend to be Circassians and Lezgins, but Beck does not seem to be lying at all. Yes, look what he is on a horse!
“Wait, I’ll shout to him,” said Lbov.
He put his hands to his mouth and shouted in a choked voice, so that the company commander could not hear:
- Lieutenant Agamalov! Beck!
The officer on horseback pulled on the reins, stopped for a second, and turned to the right. Then, turning the horse in this direction and slightly bending in the saddle, he forced it to jump over the ditch with an elastic movement and galloped to the officers at a restrained gallop.
He was smaller than average, lean, wiry, and very strong. His face, with a forehead sloping back, a thin hooked nose, and resolute, strong lips, was courageous and handsome, and still has not lost its characteristic oriental pallor - both swarthy and matte.
“Hello, Beck,” Vetkin said. “Who were you faking in front of? Daevas?
Bek-Agamalov shook hands with the officers, leaning low and carelessly from his saddle. He smiled, and it seemed that his white clenched teeth cast a reflected light on the entire bottom of his face and on a small black, sleek mustache ...
“Two pretty little Jews went there. Yes to me what? I'm zero attention.
- We know how bad you play checkers! Vetkin shook his head.
“Listen, gentlemen,” Lbov spoke, and again he laughed in advance. – Do you know what General Dokhturov said about infantry adjutants? This is about you, Beck. That they are the most desperate riders in the whole world...
- Don't lie, Fendrik! Bek-Agamalov said.
He pushed the horse with his legs and pretended to want to run into the ensign.
- By God! All of them, he says, do not have horses, but some kind of guitars, shkbpas - with a fuse, lame, wry-eyed, drunken. And if you give him an order - know yourself frying, anywhere, throughout the quarry. A fence is a fence, a ravine is a ravine. Rolls through the bushes. Lost the reins, lost the stirrups, hat to hell! Dashing riders!
What's new, Beck? Vetkin asked.
- What's new? Nothing new. Now, just now, the regimental commander found Lieutenant Colonel Lech in the meeting. He yelled at him so that it was audible in the cathedral square. And Lekh is drunk as a serpent, he cannot speak out to his father and mother. He stands still and sways, his hands behind his back. And Shulgovich would bark at him: “When you are talking with the regimental commander, if you please, don’t keep your hands on your ass!” And the servants were here.
- Screwed tight! - Vetkin said with a grin - not that ironic, not that encouraging. - In the fourth company yesterday, they say, he shouted: “Why are you poking me tired in the nose? I am tired for you, and no more talk! I am the king and god here!”
Lbov suddenly laughed again at his own thoughts.
- And yet, gentlemen, there was a case with an adjutant in the N regiment ...
“Shut up, Lbov,” Vetkin told him seriously. - Eco broke through you today.
“There is more news,” continued Bek-Agamalov. He again turned the horse in front of Lbov and, jokingly, began to run into him. The horse shook its head and snorted, throwing foam around it. - There is more news. The commander in all companies requires officers to cut stuffed animals. In the ninth company, I caught up with such a cold that horror. Epifanov rolled up under arrest for the fact that the sword was not sharpened ... Why are you a coward, Fendrik! Bek-Agamalov suddenly shouted at the ensign. - Get used to it. You yourself will someday be an aide-de-camp. You will sit on a horse like a fried sparrow on a platter.
"Duel"- a story by Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, published in 1905. The story describes the story of a conflict between a young lieutenant Romashov and a senior officer, which develops against the backdrop of a collision between the romantic worldview of an intelligent young man and the world of a provincial infantry regiment, with its provincial customs, drill and vulgarity of the officer society. The most significant work in the work of Kuprin.
The first edition of "Duel" was published with a dedication: "The author dedicates this story to Maxim Gorky with a feeling of sincere friendship and deep respect." By the author's own admission, Gorky's influence was determined by "everything bold and violent in the story."
Plot
Arriving from regimental studies, the young lieutenant Georgy Alekseevich Romashov receives a letter with an invitation from Raisa Alexandrovna Peterson, with whom he had a long, boring connection, but does not come to the meeting, and tears the letter. Instead, breaking his promise to himself, the second lieutenant goes to the Nikolaevs (where he often happens), where he has a nice conversation with Shurochka, the wife of Captain Nikolaev. He is preparing to enter military academy and hardly takes part in the conversation.
At the regimental ball, Romashov announces to Raisa Paterson about the break in their relationship, to which she indignantly says a bunch of insults and swears revenge.
At the end of April, Romashov receives a letter from Alexandra Nikolaeva with an invitation to a picnic in honor of her name day. At the picnic there is a declaration of love between Shurochka and Romashov. At the same time, Alexandra asks not to come to them anymore because someone is sending her husband false anonymous letters about their relationship.
During the review of the regiment, Romashov fails in front of the commanding general because of his mistake, which led to the fact that the order was lost. Main character deeply hurt by failure. After the incident, the breakdown in relation to him and the officers even intensified. To top it off, he meets Nikolaev, who coldly talks to him about anonymous letters concerning his wife, and also asks him not to visit him again.
After the suicide of a soldier in one of the companies in the company of officers, drunkenness flares up with especially fierce force. Comrade Romashov persuades him to go with him to the officers' club. Closer to the morning there is a conflict between Nikolaev and Romashov, ending in a fight. The next day, the officers' court decides that the conflict cannot be ended by reconciliation and sets the time for the duel.
After a long conversation with his friend Neznansky, Romashov is ready to refuse the duel and leave the regiment, but when he comes home he finds Shurochka there, who asks not to refuse the duel, as this will harm her husband, who is preparing to enter the academy General Staff. She claims that she will make sure none of the duelists get hurt. Before leaving, a love scene takes place between them.
However, during the duel, Nikolaev wounds Romashov in the stomach, and he dies from his wounds.
Classes in the sixth company are coming to an end. Junior officers begin to compete - who is better to cut down a clay scarecrow with a saber. The turn of a young second lieutenant Grigory Romashov is approaching.
He was of average height, lean, and although rather strong for his build, he was clumsy because of his great shyness.
Romashov did not know how to fence even at the school, and now he does not succeed.
All evenings until midnight Lieutenant Romashov spends with the Nikolaevs. During the day, he promises himself not to go, not to bother people, but in the evening of the next day he returns to this cozy house.
At home, Romashov finds a letter from Raisa Alexandrovna Peterson, with whom they are dirty, bored and have been deceiving her husband for quite some time. The cloying smell of Raisa's perfume and the vulgarly playful tone of the letter evoke unbearable disgust in Romashov.
Half an hour later, embarrassed and annoyed with himself, Romashov knocks on the door of the Nikolaevs. Vladimir Efimych Nikolaev is busy. He's been failing his academy exams for two years in a row. You can only apply three times, and his wife Alexandra Petrovna, Shurochka, does everything so that the last chance is not missed. Helping her husband to prepare, Shurochka has already learned the whole program, only ballistics is not given to her, while Volodya is moving very slowly. Shurochka wants her husband to pass the exams and take her away from this wilderness.
Am I really so uninteresting as a person and ugly as a woman that I should sour all my life in this slum, in this nasty place that is not on any geographical map!
With Romochka (as she calls Romashov) Shurochka discusses a newspaper article about fights recently allowed in the army. She considers them necessary, otherwise they will not show up in the officer environment as a cheater or drunkards like Nazansky. Romashov does not want to include Nazansky in this company, who believes that the ability to love, like talent, is not given to everyone. Once Shurochka rejected this man, and her husband hates the lieutenant. This time Romashov stays with the Nikolaevs until it's time to sleep.
At home, another note from Peterson awaits him, in which she threatens Romashov with cruel revenge for his neglect of her. The woman knows where Romashov is every day and who he is passionate about.
At the next regimental ball, Romashov tells his mistress that it's all over. Petersonikha swears revenge. Soon, Nikolaev begins to receive anonymous messages with hints of a special relationship between the second lieutenant and his wife. Romashov is not sure that Raisa writes anonymous letters. Gregory has enough ill-wishers - he does not allow officers to fight, forbids beating soldiers.
Dissatisfied with Romashov and the authorities. The lieutenant's money is getting worse, the barman no longer lends even cigarettes. Romashov’s soul is bad because of the feeling of boredom, the meaninglessness of service and loneliness.
At the end of April, Romashov receives a note from Alexandra Petrovna with a reminder of their common name day. Having borrowed money from Lieutenant Colonel Rafalsky, Romashov buys perfume and goes to the Nikolaevs. At a noisy picnic, Romashov sits next to Shurochka and experiences a strange dream-like state. His hand sometimes touches Shurochka's hand, but they do not look at each other.
He saw that some great, new, feverish feeling was flowing in her, trembling and asking to come out.
After the feast, Romashov wanders into the grove. Shurochka follows him and says that today she is in love with him, and the day before she saw him in a dream. Romashov starts talking about love. She admits that she is worried about his closeness, they have common thoughts, desires, but she must abandon him. Shurochka does not want to be missed, and goes back. On the way, she asks Romashov not to visit them again: her husband is besieged by anonymous letters.
In mid-May, the corps commander goes around the companies lined up on the parade ground, looks at their training and remains dissatisfied. Only the fifth company, where the soldiers are not tortured with stepping stones and are not stolen from the common cauldron, deserves praise.
During the ceremonial march, Romashov feels himself the subject of general admiration. Dreaming, he knocks down the line.
Instead of two straight, slender lines, his entire half-company was an ugly crowd, broken in all directions, shy, like a flock of sheep.
Instead of delight, public disgrace falls to his lot. To this is added an explanation with Nikolaev, demanding to stop the flow of anonymous letters and not to visit their house. Romashov admits that he knows the author of the anonymous letters and promises to keep Shurochka's reputation.
Going through what happened in his memory, Romashov imperceptibly approaches the railway track and in the dark sees a soldier who is constantly mocked in the company. He asks the soldier if he would like to kill himself, and he, choking with sobs, tells that they beat him, laugh, the platoon commander extorts money, and the teaching is beyond his power: from childhood he suffers from a hernia.
Now Romashov's own troubles seem trifling. He understands: faceless companies and regiments are made up of such soldiers, suffering from their grief and having their own destiny.
Since that night, Romashov has changed - he often retires and avoids the company of regimental officers.
He definitely matured, became older and more serious for last days and he himself noticed this by the sad and even calmness with which he now treated people and phenomena.
The forced distance from the officer society allows Romashov to focus on his thoughts. He sees more and more clearly that there are only three worthy vocations: science, art and free physical labor.
At the end of May, a soldier hangs himself in Osadchy's company. After this incident, unrestrained drunkenness begins. In the meeting, Romashov finds Nikolaev. There is a quarrel between them. Nikolaev swings at Romashov, and he splashes the rest of the beer in his face.
A meeting of the officers' court of honor is scheduled. Nikolaev asks Romashov not to mention his wife and anonymous letters. The court determines that the quarrel cannot be ended by reconciliation.
Most of the day before the fight, Romashov spends with Nazansky, who convinces him not to shoot himself. Life is an amazing and unique phenomenon. Is he really so devoted to the military class, does he really believe in the supposedly higher meaning of the army order so that he is ready to put his very existence at stake?
In the evening, Romashov finds Shurochka at his house. She says she spent years building her husband's career. If Romochka refuses to fight for the sake of her love, then there will still be something dubious about it and Volodya will most likely not be allowed to take the exam. They must shoot, but none of them must be wounded. The husband knows and agrees. She wraps her arms around his neck and presses her hot lips against his.
And now both of them, and the whole room, and the whole world were immediately filled with some unbearably blissful, sultry delirium.
Some time later, Shurochka leaves forever.
The details of the duel between lieutenant Nikolaev and lieutenant Romashov are described in a report to the colonel. When, on command, the opponents went towards each other, Lieutenant Nikolaev wounded the second lieutenant in the right upper abdomen with a shot, and he died seven minutes later from an internal hemorrhage. The testimony of the junior doctor is attached to the report.