Where is the monument to Ushakov. Scenario Excursions to the monument to Ushakov F.F.
The name of this naval commander is closely connected with the Black Sea Fleet and the hero city of Sevastopol. Lieutenant Fyodor Ushakov arrived in Balaklava Bay long before the city was founded. The naval commander played important role in the construction of the coastal bay and commanded the formation of a new fleet on the Black Sea coast. He was called the arbiter of the fate of the Russian fleet, "sea Suvorov", a hero. Ushakov's fleet defeated the Turks at the Battle of Fidonisi, near Kerch. The city knows about this name firsthand; a street, a library and a square are named after the admiral. Also, the military order of two degrees and the medal of Ushakov deserved special attention and recognition. The sculptor Popov took up the project of the monument to the naval commander, but work was not started immediately, since the city was covered with ashes of ruins. And only on the 200th anniversary of the birth of the admiral, the monument was opened right at the entrance to the Historical Boulevard. The sculptor Stanislav Chizh took as a basis the portrait of the admiral, painted by anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov. A bronze bust with an inscription on the cartouche "Admiral Ushakov 1744-1817" looks at the passers-by and reminds them of their exploits. The pedestal complements the architectural environment with its classic design. The bust itself rises to a height of four meters. But even on this, the merits of Fedor Ushakov did not lose their significance, the city authorities and the command of the Black Sea Fleet decided to create another monument to the hero Crimean history, they were taken up by the St. Petersburg sculptor Grigory Chernienko. And here he is, a general in a dress uniform with a high collar, with orders on his chest, looking at us from a tetrahedral diorite pedestal. In the right hand of the creator of the Black Sea Fleet is a spyglass, and on the left hip is a broadsword. On the facades of its elevation, sailboats are depicted with the inscriptions "Corfu 1799, Kali-Akria 1791, Tendra 1790", these are the exact places where the general won a brilliant victory. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Holy Synod of Russian Orthodox Church The Moscow Patriarchate canonized the warrior Ushakov and canonized the Saransk Diocese, in the same period a temple was laid in the name of the righteous Holy Warrior Fyodor Ushakov. So, walking along the streets of the city of military glory, you will see a 5-meter monument to the general, a temple in honor of the naval commander, as well as a bust of the hero of Sevastopol!
Monument to Ushakov on the square of the same name
Nothing foreshadowed a glorious maritime career for the offspring of a poor noble family, Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov (1745 - 1817) - neither the small estate of his parents near Yaroslavl, nor the career of his father, a retired sergeant of the Life Guards of the Priobrazhensky Regiment, nor his grandfather's spiritual heritage. But in 1766, the St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps was completed, and the future military career a start has been made in the Baltic.
A war that brings grief and pain to some, gives glory and exaltation to others. The first major war for Fyodor Fedorovich was the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774, in order to tie him forever to the enchanting azure of the Black Sea, imprison him in the rocky embrace of the Crimean mountains. Although another decade will pass before the cherished dream - the official accession Russian Empire in the open spaces of the peninsula, during which he will receive the rank of lieutenant, then the appointment of the captain of the yacht "Happiness" of Empress Catherine II (1729 - 1796), participation in the Mediterranean neutrality as commander of the battleship "Victor" ... But with the signing of the accession manifesto of 1783 Crimea to the vast expanses of the empire, he will immediately arrive in the new imperial estates.
The next round of tension in Russian-Turkish relations becomes decisive, when, after the earlier victories, the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Marko Ivanovich Voinovich (1750 - 1807), issued an order dated June 18, 1790 to march towards the enemy squadron to all subordinate ships that are in good order , of which there were total number twelve (two battleships, the same number of fifty-gun frigates and eight forty-gun frigates). The enterprise was headed (unofficially) by Ushakov.
Cartouche on the monument to Ushakov
And already on July 2, the Turkish fleet, which had numerical (ten thousand people against four thousand) and fire (one thousand one hundred guns against five hundred and fifty with a single shot power of 410 pounds against 160) superiority was in sight, but the Russian spirit, despite this, just rushed to fight. The next day, as soon as dawn broke, a heated battle began, lasting until five o'clock in the afternoon, when the Turkish squadron set off on the run, following the broken karma of the flagship of Captain Pasha Gassan with significant losses, but not a single one was killed on the Russian ships.
Then there will be victories in the Battle of Krechensk (July 8, 1790), at Capes Tendra (August 28, 1790) and Kaliakria (July 31, 1791), the rank of admiral and the post of commander of the Black Sea Fleet, the successes of the Mediterranean campaign and the laurels of one of the participants in the creation of the Republic of the Seven Islands, but that first major victory of Ushakov near the island of Fidonisi lit up his life like an admiral's star.
A monument to a person who has done so much for everything Russian fleet in general, and for the Black Sea in particular, was erected on the Sevastopol square that bears his name, in honor of the celebration of the city's bicentennial anniversary.
Architecture
The monument to Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov at the source of the Historical Boulevard was born as the result of the joint efforts of talented architects and sculptors Chizh, Kuzminsky and Gladkov. The severity of the lines of the bust on a high pedestal (the total height of the monument is 4.35 m) in full dress uniform with precious witnesses of his victories - crosses and stars - is emphasized by the last expressive stroke of the pedestal - a cartouche with a laconic inscription "To Admiral Ushakov".
Additional Information
Location: Ukraine, Crimea, Sevastopol, pl. Ushakov.
How to get there
By road on the highway E105 (M26) (Kharkiv - Dnepropetrovsk - Zaporozhye - Melitopol - Dzhankoy - Simferopol - Sevastopol) or (M18) (Simferopol - Yalta - Sevastopol). At the Yalta Ring, turn onto Balaklava Highway. Then follow: General Ostryakov Avenue - st. Marshal Biryuzov - st. Nicholas Music - st. 4th bastion - pl. Ushakov.
Public transport to Sevastopol stations (railway, car). Further public transport to the city center - stop "Ushakov Square", where the monument to the admiral is located.
The life of the outstanding Russian naval commander Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov February 13 (24), 1744 - October 2 (15), 1817 is closely connected with the Black Sea Fleet and Sevastopol.
In 1766, a twenty-two-year-old officer, after graduating from the Naval cadet corps was assigned to Baltic Fleet. Three years later he was transferred to the Don (Azov) flotilla, took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774, then was again sent to the Baltic Fleet. In June 1783, when the construction of ships for the young Black Sea Fleet began in Kherson, F.F. Ushakov was instructed to ensure the successful completion of these works.
In 1785, Captain 1st Rank F.F. Ushakov became the commander of one of the newly built ships - “St. Paul". On this ship in the same year he arrived in Sevastopol. "St. Pavel" anchored at a small cape in the South Bay, which later became known as Pavlovsky. The sailors built a small pier and barracks on the cape.
At the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. battleship"St. Pavel "under the command of Ushakov distinguished himself in battle.
In April 1789, F. F. Ushakov was promoted to rear admiral and appointed commander of the Sevastopol squadron, and the following year - chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and ports. He paid much attention to the construction of Sevastopol: on his initiative, barracks, warehouses, a hospital were being built, and the Admiralty was being strengthened. By order of Ushakov, in the beam on the Ship Side, which received his name, a garden was laid out for the rest of the lower ranks.
In the history of the Russian navy, the brilliant victories won by the squadron of the Black Sea Fleet under the command of F.F. Ushakov forever remained: near the island of Fidonisi, in the Kerch naval battle, at the Tendra Spit, at Cape Kaliakria and in capturing the fortress of Corfu. Here, talent, outstanding organizational skills, the skillful use of new maneuvering tactics, the personal courage of Rear Admiral F.F. Ushakov and the excellent combat skills of the Black Sea sailors were manifested. In educating his subordinates, Ushakov adhered to Suvorov's principles.
One of the glorious pages of the biography of the outstanding naval commander is connected with the Mediterranean campaign of 1798-1800, when he also proved himself to be a skilled politician and diplomat. Under his leadership, the Russians liberated the Ionian Islands, especially distinguishing themselves in the capture of the heavily fortified island of Corfu. Upon learning of this victory, Suvorov exclaimed with delight: “Hurrah for Ushakov! Why was I not even a midshipman at Corfu!
Ushakov's squadron returned to Sevastopol with glory, but the merits of the naval commander were not appreciated by the government of Alexander I: soon the admiral was transferred to a secondary position in the Baltic Fleet and in 1807 retired.
The outstanding merits of the remarkable naval commander are not forgotten in our country: his name was given to military Russian and Soviet ships. During the Great Patriotic War, March 3, 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established the military order of Ushakov of two degrees and the medal of Ushakov.
One of the first to receive the Order of Ushakov, I degree, was the commander of a brigade of submarines of the Black Sea Fleet, Rear Admiral P. M. Boltunov and the commander of the Air Force of the Black Sea Fleet, Lieutenant General of Aviation V. V. Ermachenkov. Many participants in the battles for Sevastopol were awarded the Order and Medal of Ushakov.
The capital of the Black Sea sailors keeps the memory of the outstanding naval commander for posterity. One of the oldest squares in the city is named after him. During the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Sevastopol, a monument to Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov was opened here. This is a bust of the famous naval commander in full dress uniform, with awards received for victories in naval battles X.
The bust of F. F. Ushakov is installed on a high pedestal. On the front side there is a cartouche with the inscription: "To Admiral Ushakov". The authors of the monument are the sculptor S. A. Chizh, the architects G. G. Kuzminsky and A. S. Gladkov. The total height of the monument is 4.35 m.
On March 3, 1944, in recognition of the merits of the admiral, the military order of Ushakov of two degrees and the Ushakov medal were established. At the same time, a decision was made to build a monument to him in Sevastopol, the sculptor Popov began to develop a project. But the city lay in ruins, and the creation of the monument is being postponed. In October 1954, the Commune Square is named after Ushakov, a foundation stone is set in its center, claiming that a monument to Admiral Ushakov was erected here on the 150th anniversary of his death. Negotiations were held on the transfer of the remains of the naval commander from the Sanaksar monastery of the Temnikovsky district of Mordovia to Sevastopol and their reburial in the tomb of the Vladimir Cathedral.
But only during the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Sevastopol on June 29, 1983, at the entrance to the Historical Boulevard, the monument was opened. The authors of the project are the sculptor S.A. Chizh, architects A.S. Gladkov and G.G. Kuzminsky. The sculptor took as a basis a portrait created by the anthropologist M.M. Gerasimov.
On a vertical pedestal, mounted on a granite stylobate, there is a bronze bust of the admiral. On the bronze cartouche there is an inscription: "Admiral Ushakov 1744-1817". The architectural solution of the pedestal is based on a combination modern forms with classical elements of the monuments of the first defense of Sevastopol. The total height is 4.35 meters.
On the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the birth of the admiral, on the initiative of the command of the Black Sea Fleet, another monument to F.F. Ushakov. The author of the project is the sculptor G.A. Chernienko (St. Petersburg). The place for its installation was chosen for a long time, mainly on Ushakov Square, and the already existing bust to the naval commander was proposed to be transferred to Primorsky Boulevard or to the territory of the Sevastopol Higher Naval Engineering School in Holland ...
The monument was erected in 1991 in the court d'honneur of the building of the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet, where it perfectly fit into the architectural and spatial composition of its cozy courtyard. The project of the pedestal was developed by the Honored Architect of Ukraine A.L. Sheffer.
The bronze sculpture of the admiral is mounted on a tetrahedral diorite pedestal. F.F. Ushakov is depicted in a free pose, in a ceremonial admiral's uniform with a high collar, a sash over his shoulder and orders on his chest. In the right lowered hand is a telescope, on the left thigh is a broadsword. On the front cartouche is the text “To Admiral F.F. Ushakov. Red Banner Black Sea Fleet 1990", on the side - images of sailboats and the names of the places where the admiral won brilliant victories: "Corfu 1799, Kali-Akria 1791, Tendra 1790". The height of the sculpture is 3.5 meters, the total height is 5 meters.
It remains to be added that in 2001, by decision Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, the righteous warrior Theodore Ushakov was canonized and canonized as a saint of the Saransk Diocese. A particle of his relics was transferred to the memorial church of St. Nicholas at the Fraternal Cemetery of the Defenders of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. And in the area of Pobedy Avenue in March 2002, a church was laid on a hill in the name of the righteous St. Warrior Fyodor Ushakov.
We invite you to take a fascinating walk through the picturesque park "Northern Tushino" to the monument to Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov and learn about the life of the great Russian naval commander, acquaint children with the heroic past of our fleet.
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Guys, we came to our beloved park "Northern Tushino". The park has many attractions. But today we will stop in a corner of the park, located on the banks of the Khimki reservoir. Here we see a monument.
Guys, what do you think, what kind of people are monuments erected?
Monuments are erected to great people who became famous for great deeds.
Do you know which of the great people monuments were erected?
Let's take a look at this statue. It was installed by the Russian admiral of the Russian fleet - Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov.
(tell me what a fleet is)
I suggest you listen to an interesting story about him ....
A long time ago, more than 200 years ago, the future admiral of the Russian fleet was born.
Not by the sea ... but far from it, in the very middle of Russia, in the Tambov province. In the youth of the future
the admiral was surrounded by quiet forests and quiet fields. He did not see sea waves Didn't hear the storms roar but
grew up with a dream of sea service.
In days of war, the enemy can approach the beloved Motherland by sea. Who will stop him? Who will lead without fear
battle Russian ships? Of course, the sons of Russia. So Fedor dreamed of serving the Motherland in her squadrons.
To become a defender of the Motherland, one desire is not enough. You also need skill. The future admiral entered
maritime school. There he taught mathematics - without it you can’t build a ship, you can’t shoot accurately from a cannon.
Studied geography - maps of our Earth. Without it, you will get lost in the ocean, you will not find your way to distant countries.
Still had to learn sole- a special language. In the Navy, even the usual is called differently:
room-cabin, bench-bank, duty-watch, cook-cook ...
Fedor studied very well. He knew shipbuilding very well. Therefore, he was appointed commander
Royal yacht. But the young officer Fedor Ushakov refused such an easy job. And he made sure that
transferred to a warship - to anxiety, to danger, to hard work.
(it was safe to sail on a yacht - royal family did not ride on the stormy sea)
There he could serve all of Russia.
The highest naval rank - admiral - Ushakov received in battle. He commanded the Russian fleet
Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
During his service, Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov fought 43 naval battles and did not lose a single one.
one! Not a single Russian ship under his command was lost, not a single sailor got into
captured by the enemy. Admiral Ushakov was the absolute winner.
Guys, would you like me to tell you about one such battle, when there was a Russian-Turkish war?
... It was almost 200 years ago ... The ruler of Turkey - the Sultan - demanded that Russia give him Crimea and stop protecting Georgia.
Of course, Russia refused to comply with such a demand. And Turkey started the war.
The Russian command instructed Fedor Ushakov to find the Turkish fleet in the Black Sea and destroy it. And the Turkish fleet promised its sultan - to capture Ushakov and put him in an iron cage. And deliver to Turkey.
“Yes, the battle will be tough,” thought Ushakov, and kept looking through the telescope. But the sea was clear. Only Russian ships sail, spreading their sails like a flock of white birds...
Guys, while the Russian squadron is looking for the enemy, we will see the military theater. It is not at all like a theater in which artists play and sing. This is the area where troops, ships move and battles take place ...
Extend your right hand in front of you, palm up.
The palm will denote the Black Sea. It is roughly the same shape.
At the edge of the palm, where the thumb is the coast of Russia.
At the edge of the palm, where the little finger is, are the shores of Turkey.
Georgia is where (the sleeve cuff) ends the sleeve of your sweater.
To imagine where Crimea is on the Black Sea, bend your thumb - you get the Crimean peninsula. It goes far into the sea. At the tip of the thumbnail will be Sevastopol - the main parking of the Russian fleet. The squadron of Ushakov left Sevastopol in search of the enemy.
This is not all that you need to know about the theater of the Russian-Turkish war. But before continuing the study of the military theater, let us repeat what we already know about it.
Show on your palm the Russian seashore, the Turkish coast, Georgia, Crimea.
coast from the tip index finger to the tip of the little finger - belongs to Bulgaria, but captured by the Turks. There is a cape on this coast. It is called Kaliakria. It is located at the tip of the middle finger. It was at this cape that two squadrons met - Turkish and Russian.
Despite the fact that Ushakov had half as many ships, he still managed to win once again!
For each victory he was awarded an order. Let's take a look at them...
The image of the naval commander Admiral F.F. Ushakov is a symbol of the glory and victorious traditions of the Russian fleet. Ships, bridges, metro stations, streets in different cities are named after him, monuments have been erected. Made an order to reward other heroes for great deeds. With his image Postage Stamp, commemorative coin of the Bank of Russia.