The depths of the earth are full of mysteries and mysteries. Traces of great upheavals Mysteries of our planet interesting facts
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It would seem that we have studied our planet up and down and the conquest of space is next in line. But no matter how. Every day, scientists make discoveries and observe phenomena that prove that this planet still has many surprises.
We didn't get to the Earth's mantle
Seismologists believe that the inner core of our planet is solid, while the outer core is liquid and hot. Above is the mantle, on which the crust of the Earth seems to slide. However, we still do not know what this mantle consists of, because we never got there. It is located at a depth of 30-2,900 km, and the deepest "pit" that people have dug is the Kola well in Russia, which goes deep only some 12.3 km.
Poles can change
The magnetic poles of the Earth can shift and even completely change their direction. By examining volcanic rocks, scientists have found that the magnetic field of our planet has changed many times. The last such event was almost 10 million years ago and is likely to happen in the future. However, it is still not known exactly why this happens.
We had 2 moons
Moonquakes
By the way, about the satellite of the Earth. Not everyone knows, but earthquakes also happen on the moon. True, unlike the earth, moonquakes are not so strong and occur very, very rarely. There is an assumption that they occurrence due to the tidal forces of the Sun and the Earth and the fall of meteorites.
The earth is spinning incredibly fast
The earth rotates at a speed of 1,600 km/h. It also revolves around the Sun at an even greater speed - 108 thousand km / h. In fact, we can only feel movement if its speed changes. Due to the constancy of the speed of rotation of the Earth and the force of gravity, we do not feel it at all.
Time becomes more
620 million years ago, a day on Earth lasted 21.9 hours. Over time, the Earth slows down the speed of rotation, but this happens very slowly, about 70 milliseconds in 100 years. It would take 100 million years for a day to have 25 hours.
Strange gravity
Due to the fact that our planet is not a perfect sphere, there are points on Earth with low and high gravity. One such gravity anomaly is Hudson Bay in Canada. Scientists have found that the low gravity in this place is associated with the low density of the Earth due to the rapid melting of glaciers.
The hottest and coldest places on Earth
The hottest place on our planet is located in El Azizia (Libya). The temperature here rises to +58 °C. And the coldest is Antarctica. In winter, the temperature there drops to -73 °C. But the most extremely low temperature (-89.2 ° C) was recorded at the Russian Vostok station on July 21, 1983.
The planet is heavily polluted
Perhaps this is not news to many. However, what is interesting is that, according to astronauts, the view of the Earth from space in 1978 was very different from the current one. Due to the large number space debris and waste green-white-blue planet becomes brown-gray-black.
These traces should be clearly visible in the fields sown with cereals, and in other places of cultural land use. Therefore, cases of detection of concentric circles or other strange figures on the soil surface with or without grass lodging must be recorded in the most rigorous manner, in all details, including photographing from an airplane, and reports should be sent to me for further analysis!
This excerpt from a letter dated August 1927 is cited in an essay by St. Petersburg resident Solomon Naffert. The author of the letter is a well-known geologist, from pre-revolutionary times a corresponding member of a number of foreign academies of sciences, Professor Mikhail Buranchuk. The person who was supposed to be in charge scientific support one of the largest projects of that time - the creation of the Moscow Metro.
But the professor not only was not imbued with the great idea, did not feel gratitude for the trust placed in him, but, on the contrary, tried in every possible way to stop this matter, and it would be better to cancel it altogether.
“The depths of the Earth are full of mysteries and mysteries, and these are precisely those mysteries and mysteries about which it is better for mankind to remain ignorant,” he continued in a letter. Entitled "The True Inhabitants of the Earth," it was sent by the professor to a variety of instances - to party bodies, to the editorial offices of academic journals, to central newspapers, to directorates of zoos, to observatories, to advanced agricultural communes. The letter was also received by private individuals - writers, physicists, zoologists, composers, shock workers of socialist labor, policemen, shepherds.
On twenty sheets of typewritten text, Professor Buranchuk's own theory about the origin of life on Earth and, most importantly, about its present position, was presented. “Life,” he wrote, “did not originate in the oceans archean era, no, her homeland is the hot bowels of the Earth. The energy raging there unties the hands of Nature for the most unimaginable experiments. Life was born in the depths of the planet, and it remains in the depths of it. Here, on the surface, there is only a hallway, or, better to say, settlements, a desperate outback, a kingdom of shadows, and real life boils down there, boils both literally and figuratively.
The culmination of evolution - if evolution takes place at all in reality, and not in the imagination of Mr. Darwin - is not man, not mammals, not even protein creatures in general. There, in the depths of the Earth, in the oceans of magma, exceeding surface oceans by thousands of times, and by billions of energy, long before the appearance of miserable amoebas, other creatures appeared. Silicon and germanium play the role of carbon in the structure of the molecules of the creatures of the bowels.
Temperatures at which the "king of nature" would instantly incinerate, evaporate, for the creatures of the magmatic oceans, are both a comfortable environment and a source of energy necessary for their existence. The inhabitants of the surface owe their existence directly or indirectly to the Sun, the crumbs of energy of which go to our planet. Just think, the temperature in the hottest places on the Earth's surface does not even reach a hundred degrees. Even fifty is a rarity, an event, a deviation from the norm.
There, in the magmatic seas and oceans, hundreds, thousands of degrees are at the service of life. Underground creatures have a power that is difficult to imagine. Dozens, maybe hundreds of carloads of explosives - that's the power that a magmatic creature of the Deep can use if necessary.
At first, academic journals respectfully objected to the professor, firstly, there are no traces of magmatic life, and therefore there is no materialistic basis for the hypothesis, and secondly, at high temperatures, enormous pressure and density of the surrounding matter, nothing can either originate or survive.
Professor Buranchuk attacked his opponents: “This is the reasoning of water striders who slide along the surface of the pond and believe that the surface is one and suitable for life. Indeed, how can one live under water if its density is a thousand times more density air? How can you move in it if the viscosity of water is incomparably higher than the viscosity of air? What about pressure? At a depth of a mile, it flattens miserable underwater boats, which a person in ignorance and pride sends down.
A water strider cannot even imagine a mile away. Runs on the surface in happy ignorance, until a minnow or crucian carp cut off her life as a water strider. Open your eyes and take a closer look at the rocks that, in the process of breathing the Earth over billions of years, rose from unattainable depths to the surface and froze. You will see traces of creatures, you just have to remove the blinders from the eyes - and from the mind.
They, these creatures, can be found in the active state. Sometimes they rise to the surface of the Earth and even fly through the air. Perhaps this phenomenon is somehow connected with their life cycle. The ant crawls all his life or sits underground, and the mating ritual takes place in flight.
The turtle swims in the ocean for years, but lays its eggs on land. So magmatic monsters periodically emerge and float in the atmosphere. Of course, they do not leave any passages in the ground behind them, just as fish swimming in the water do not leave passages. Only a slight wave, circles on the water, ripples, that's what we can see. And if the Magmatic Being (hereinafter the professor began to use capital letters. - Approx. author) floats up in the middle of a wheat field, it is very likely that the stalks of wheat will change their appearance due to shaking and the action of temperature, circles will spread across the field.
Although the Magmatic Beings take precautions, it is of course not out of pity for the inhabitants of the surface, but simply so as not to waste precious energy in an atmosphere poor in it. They use special cocoons, just as we put on fur coats, hats and felt boots in the cold.
And if someone saw flying luminous objects, and found circles of fallen wheat in the fields, he thereby confirms the provisions of my theory. But what happens if the Magmatic Creature crosses the subway line? The catastrophe of 1903 in London was precisely the consequence of such an event. Unreasonably collapsing houses are another manifestation of the activity of Magmatic Beings. Fortunately, nevertheless, obeying instinct or reason, they prefer open spaces of fields to cities.
The professor's fate was sealed. Letters to milkmaids and policemen reached their goal. Overwork, which led to insanity, was decided by the competent authorities. The professor was suspended from work and retired, no longer taken seriously. It is possible that Buranchuk only wanted this. There are times when it is much more profitable to be a fool than a wise guy - the Shakhty case, the trial of the Industrial Party, the mass exposure of mass wreckers is an illustration of this.
And the construction of the subway went very, very difficult, the deadlines were constantly missed, the estimated cost of the work grew, the strangest accidents occurred ... But the professor lived quietly in retirement, slept at night, and wandered around Moscow during the days, talking to strangers on the most harmless topics.
However, soon, in order to save money, and perhaps for other reasons, he moved from the capital to the provincial town of Livny to his sister, where he immediately became a local landmark: a crazy academician (the province has a tendency to exaggerate). The tactic - to be visible, but not taken seriously - was carried out brilliantly. This was followed by a move to an even more provincial place - the village of Kostenki, Voronezh province.
The professor's new letters (to be sure, he wrote them from now on with a pen and sent them to a much smaller number of addressees) now dealt with humanity. And it, according to Buranchuk, came out of the Earth, like its other inhabitants. The cradle of mankind (as well as bears, lions, bats and our other brothers and sisters, smaller and larger) were caves, which was found in Kostenki irrefutable evidence.
Life in the caves was anything but primitive. The presence of rock paintings indicates a high creative potential. And the bones, fragments of dishes ... These caves, Buranchuk believed, were intended for picnics, outings of tourists. Or, perhaps, they were a place of exile, where the guilty were sent from wonderful underground cities. Hence the legend of the expulsion from paradise. What were (and most likely still are) the underground cities of the ancients is unknown. Those caves that surface people can explore are only a tiny part of both natural and artificial underground spaces.
Obviously, most of them are closed to humans. Perhaps the underground people master the art of movement in the bowels of the planet. It seems incredible, but for some wild tribes the ability to swim in water seems incredible, so incredible that they immediately kill the swimmer, believing that he is possessed by evil spirits.
They say that in the remote monasteries of China, in Tibet, there are monks who have reached the highest degrees of enlightenment and are able not only to walk, but to run underground at a speed not available to every ground runner. The professor sometimes stayed overnight in the caves, cooking simple food on the fire, slept, wrapping himself in a bearskin bought on occasion from a local hunter, Naffert's school teacher, also a great lover of archeology.
It was Naffert who told the professor about Bazhov's tales, in which the underground inhabitants of the Urals are certainly accompanied by lizards and other reptiles. Reptiles living together with people underground are described in Scandinavian epics, and in Korean, and even among many tribes of the New World - Naffert turned out to be a walking encyclopedia of various myths and legends. Since then, in the summer, during the holidays, they were often seen together.
And now they wrote letters together: one was a crazy academician, the other was a teacher who earned more by hunting, but did not leave school with its penny earnings. Two boots of steam - according to the concepts of local inhabitants. In their letters, they called for the most thorough excavations in Kostenki, arguing that the traces available there human activity at least fifty thousand years. The professor did not give up hope of finding traces of Magmatic Creatures.
He collected fragments of rock of outlandish shape in the quarries, saying that, perhaps, the frozen simple Magmatic Creatures lurk in them. He took these fragments to his cheaply bought hut, intending to eventually create a museum. Examining the idols of the Stone Steppe, he claimed that some of them, if not all, are definitely frozen Magmatic Beings.
The professor built a balloon - a hot air balloon of the original design - "to observe the fields in order to identify traces of Magmatic Creatures." A portable device for constant air heating was installed in the basket, and therefore the flight could last much longer than with conventional hot air balloons. On a test flight, the professor took a camera and a telescope.
Before the eyes of the peasants, the hot air balloon rose into the air and soared in the sky for several hours. But upon landing, the professor was very sternly told that even a madman could not fly without permission, and the balloon, together with the camera and telescope, was confiscated. True, the professor, who dropped the filmed plates in advance on a special parachute in a shock-resistant container, later managed to find them, develop them and, in his words, "quite definitely detect traces of the ascent of Magmatic Beings."
The last time Professor Buranchuk was seen together with teacher Naffert - they both descended into a cave called "White Lights", one of the recently discovered in Divnogorye. When they did not return two days later, a rescue team was sent to search, arriving by special train from Moscow. They searched for the professor with particular zeal, because with his seditious flight on a balloon, he attracted the close attention of the authorities responsible for the security of the state.
The search went on for several days. Both the professor and the teacher "fell through the ground", which was recorded in the report addressed to Comrade Vareikis, a high-ranking person in Voronezh. It was decided that the unfortunate dreamers got lost in the numerous branches of the cave and starved to death. A very strange story never found its continuation ...
It would seem that a person has studied the planet up and down and there is nothing left unexplored for him. But no matter how. Every day, scientists make discoveries and observe phenomena that prove that this planet still has many surprises.
Seismologists believe that the inner core of our planet is solid, while the outer core is liquid and hot. Above is the mantle, on which the crust of the Earth seems to slide. However, we still do not know what this mantle consists of, because we never got there. It is located at a depth of 30-2,900 km, and the deepest "pit" that people have dug is Kola well in Russia, which goes deep into the depths of only some 12.3 km.
Poles can change
The magnetic poles of the Earth can shift and even completely change their direction. By examining volcanic rocks, scientists have found that the magnetic field of our planet has changed many times. The last such event was almost 10 million years ago and is likely to happen in the future. However, it is still not known exactly why this happens.
We had 2 moons
According to astronomers, approximately 4.6 million years ago, the Earth had two satellites. The second was about 1,200 km in diameter and rotated in the same orbit until it collided with the "main" Moon. Scientists have called this event a "giant slap." Such a catastrophe could explain why the two sides of today's moon are so different from each other.
Moonquakes
By the way, about the satellite of the Earth. Not everyone knows, but earthquakes also happen on the moon. True, unlike the earth, moonquakes are not so strong and occur very, very rarely. There is an assumption that their occurrence is associated with the tidal forces of the Sun and the Earth and the fall of meteorites.
The earth is spinning incredibly fast
The earth rotates at a speed of 1,600 km/h. It also revolves around the Sun at an even greater speed - 108 thousand km / h. In fact, we can only feel movement if its speed changes. Due to the constancy of the speed of rotation of the Earth and the force of gravity, we do not feel it at all.
Time becomes more
620 million years ago, a day on Earth lasted 21.9 hours. Over time, the Earth slows down the speed of rotation, but this happens very slowly, about 70 milliseconds in 100 years. It would take 100 million years for a day to have 25 hours.
Strange gravity
Due to the fact that our planet is not a perfect sphere, there are points on Earth with low and high gravity. One such gravitational anomaly is Hudson Bay in Canada. Scientists have found that the low gravity in this place is associated with the low density of the Earth due to the rapid melting of glaciers.
The hottest and coldest places on Earth
The hottest place on our planet is located in El Azizia (Libya). The temperature here rises to +58 °C. And the coldest is Antarctica. In winter, the temperature there drops to -73 °C. But the most extremely low temperature (-89.2 ° C) was recorded at the Russian Vostok station on July 21, 1983.
The planet is heavily polluted
Perhaps this is not news to many. However, what is interesting is that, according to astronauts, the view of the Earth from space in 1978 was very different from the current one. Due to the large amount of space debris and waste, the green-white-blue planet becomes brown-gray-black.
Earth is made up of iron, oxygen and silicon
If we wanted to divide the planet by composition, it would look like this: 32.1% iron, 30.1% oxygen, 15.1% silicon and 13.9% magnesium. It's believed that most of iron (about 90%) is located in the nucleus. And oxygen is the most earth's crust(about 47%).
Once upon a time the earth was purple
Ancient plants did not use chlorophyll to absorb sunlight, but another pigment - retinal. Thanks to retinal, they absorbed green light, and reflected red and purple, when mixed, purple was obtained. By the way, retinal exists to this day in some bacteria.
hidden ocean
At a depth of 410-660 km below the surface of the Earth, scientists have discovered a huge reservoir of water 2.7 billion years old. This liquid was found thanks to the ringwoodite rock that makes up the earth's mantle. Water is under enormous pressure, and its quantity is enough to fill all the oceans of the Earth 3 times. Thanks to this discovery, a theory arose that the earth's oceans appeared from an underground ocean that had burst out.
For thousands of years of observations, experiments and experiments, it would seem that there should no longer be a single mystery of nature that is difficult to explain with scientific point vision.
But nature is not going to give up. She carefully protects a huge number of secrets from interference and study, again and again baffling the best scientific minds. We will talk about some of these inexplicable and poorly studied phenomena today.
However, since we are not a community of physicists, chemists and other pundits, we will not voice pseudo-scientific hypotheses and theories of the occurrence of a particular phenomenon, but simply tell what they are and where they are found. And we will make a couple of assumptions based on a deep conviction that the world is not only people, but also the spirits of nature.
Ball lightning
She is the product of fears and legends, many have seen her, but no one can explain her nature. She does not strike, but incinerates on the spot or simply “sniffs” with curiosity and leaves. How a natural phenomenon, ball lightning has been known for the third millennium (although in fact it is probably even older), and for the same time there have been disputes about its origin.
Someone believes that she is a “child” of ordinary lightning, which, having reacted with air and moisture, changed its shape. Others try to explain the nature of ball lightning by the accumulation of plasma. It is also associated with the pressure difference outside and inside the gas object. And our ancient ancestors were generally sure that this is an evil spirit that appears in order to harm or punish.
By the way, it may well turn out that ball lightning is indeed a kind of substance endowed with a special mind. Her behavior is just too amazing.
Firstly, it does not always occur during a real thunderstorm and is accompanied by rain, ordinary lightning and thunder. We saw her both on a sunny day and on a dark, dry night.
Secondly, according to many testimonies, it is able to come out of a tree, from a pole, from the wall of a house, and sometimes even suddenly appears in a room in which the windows are closed and the doors are locked.
And, thirdly, as mentioned above, her behavior is distinguished by a specific mind and even humor. So, for example, she is able to circle around a person for several minutes, then “lick” some piece of clothing and leave, passing through the wall. And at the same time not to leave even a small burn on the human body. But sometimes she "attacks" suddenly and ferociously, instantly turning a person into a pillar of flame.
And if we consider that scientists have not described the nature of ball lightning and have not been able to artificially synthesize it (as it was done with ordinary lightning quite a long time ago), then we can assume that we are actually dealing with some kind of ancient spirit of fire .
Drossolides
"Drossolides" is a natural phenomenon, the name of which is translated from Greek as "droplets of moisture." It regularly appears on the coast of Crete in mid-May and invariably attracts the attention of both tourists and the local population.
The phenomenon happens like this: over the sea, not far from the castle of Frangokastello, the so-called chronomirage appears in the air - visible and sound, but at the same time an ephemeral reproduction of the events of bygone days. A canvas of a grandiose battle is woven from droplets of moisture, screams and the sound of weapons are heard. The heavenly battle slowly moves towards the castle and at some point simply disappears within its walls.
Historians claim that this time mirage is a reflection of the battle of 1828, which took place in these places between subjects Ottoman Empire and the Greeks who defended the island and the fortress itself. It was the most brutal battle of the Greco-Turkish war, taking great amount valiant defenders and their enemies. And now, periodically, time seems to become thinner and, receiving the support of nature, reminds people of those times.
dead lake
In Kazakhstan, in the Taldykorgan region, there is a small lake, which the locals call Dead. Its area is only 100x60 meters. Even in the most intense heat, the water there always remains icy. It is noteworthy that in the lake there is no living creatures and vegetation at all, insects do not fly over it, and at the bottom and along the shore there is only sand and stones.
It is believed that a toxic gas is released from some crevice at a depth, which destroys all life. Gas or some other anomaly is unknown. However, people also suffer from this. Tourists regularly drown in the lake, who ignore the warning. local residents or do not know anything about this natural mystery.
Several attempts were made to explore the bottom of the lake, but divers and professional divers, for inexplicable reasons, begin to suffocate within 2-3 minutes after the start of the dive, even with serviceable equipment and full air tanks. So, maybe it's not the toxic gas, but the fact that this lake hides the entrance to some hidden world?
ice-free waterfall
In China, in the province of Shanxi, a waterfall erupts, which attracts attention because it does not freeze even in severe frost. But in the summer, in the very heat, the water becomes thicker, and at some moments the droplets from the waterfall turn into ice floes.
True, skeptics argue that the minerals contained in the water of the waterfall simply exceed the norm and do not allow the water to crystallize. But this is the answer only to the first part of the question - why the water does not freeze in winter. But the fact that she is trying to freeze in the summer cannot be explained.
Octopuses
Speaking of incredible riddles nature, it would be unfair to bypass the most mysterious inhabitant of the seas and oceans. Scientists have been observing this creature for more than a decade, but have not been able to fully answer the question: who are you, Mr. Octopus?
First, it is this being who has the right to say about himself: I blue blood. After all, the blood of an octopus really has a blue color. Secondly, he has three hearts, a bunch of brains scattered throughout the tentacles, and rectangular pupils. This creature literally thinks with all its eight limbs. The nerve endings located in the suckers live their own separate brain activity, and the signal from them does not always immediately reach the brain. And, thirdly, octopuses are the only creatures that acquire all their unique skills after birth. They do not have the so-called genetic memory, and the mother cannot teach them anything, as she dies, sometimes not having lived even before the birth of babies. This is such a sad story.
Appearance, functioning of the body, habits - all this suggests that octopuses are children of another galaxy, abandoned to us in order to adopt all our habits, learn how to pass them on from generation to generation, and then enslave the world. And what else can you think if you analyze everything that this amazing creature can do ...
What does a whale do when it is stranded on land? Correctly. He dies, although he is adapted to breathe air. And the octopus is not adapted, but, once on the shore, it quickly realizes that it is uncomfortable for it, and quickly sorts through its tentacles, cheerfully stomping towards the water, even if it is more than a hundred meters away.
The octopus is great at drawing conclusions and learning from the mistakes of others. But it has always been believed that only primates, that is, people and monkeys, and some birds are able to use the acquired experience not at the level of memory, but at the level of consciousness.
So, for example, fish that mimic stones, algae and sand are powerless if they are artificially placed in an unfamiliar environment, and octopuses are able to merge even with a piece of motley multi-colored fabric. And if two octopuses, an experienced one and a beginner, are placed in two aquariums united by a transparent wall, then after a few minutes of observation, the new one easily repeats everything that the old-timer demonstrates.
An octopus will never climb where it cannot get out. He first feels the space with a tentacle, analyzes it, and only then does he fit in or not. He does the same with food - he does not pull anything into his mouth, but first "thinks" about the edibility and degree of toxicity of the proposed dinner, using his "smart" suckers. But even people often sin by lack of discretion.
Octopuses prefer to live alone, but at the same time they are quite social beings- they enjoy watching other inhabitants of the water space and even sometimes go out to greet divers they know. They remember people's faces, the colors of their clothes, their behavior. So it is quite possible to be friends with an octopus.
Of course, among the marine inhabitants there are other animals that demonstrate intelligence and are capable of friendly feelings towards people: dolphins, whales, fur seals, walruses and seals. But we must not forget that they are all mammals. And this is a completely different level of development of the brain and nervous activity. Whereas the octopus is a mollusk of the genus of cephalopods. That is, in theory, he should have had no more brains than an oyster, squid and cuttlefish.
And, finally, the uniqueness and improbability of octopuses was confirmed by the representative of this detachment, whom the whole world recognized under the name of Paul. It can, of course, be assumed that all his predictions are a great hoax, but even what we know about these creatures gives us full foundation believe that Paul really foresaw the victory of some football teams and the defeat of others.
By the way, returning to the beginning of the story about octopuses, it is worth adding that they are already slowly learning to transfer their skills to newborn octopuses. True, so far only in laboratory conditions. But, most importantly, a start has been made ... And who can say with certainty that in a couple of millennia people will still rule the earth?
Nature is full of mysteries, and every year they do not become less. Maybe someday some of them will still be revealed, but, most likely, by this time new phenomena and creatures will appear, which will also baffle both scientists and ordinary people. So, life is still interesting.
Our planet is a unique invention of the universe, which was formed from space dust about 4.5 billion years ago. According to rough estimates, life appeared on it about 4.25 billion years ago, i.e. shortly after its occurrence. During this time, so many events have happened on Earth that we will be unraveling them for more than one century.
We have advanced far enough in science, but there are still many mysteries of the planet that scientists still cannot explain.
1. Stone balls in Costa Rica
These stone balls, which are also called petrospheres, are the real mystery of the planet. About 300 of these balls, scientists managed to find on the territory of Costa Rica, and so far no one has been able to explain their appearance.
The first balls were found by workers in the 30s of the last century, when local forests were being cut down. Then they succumbed to legends that said that gold could be stored inside such spheres. Many balls were destroyed by human greed, but no one found the precious metal. Scientists hardly managed to stop the destruction of such mysterious historical monuments.
Radiocarbon analysis has shown that the age of the balls ranges from 200 BC. before 1500 AD Until now, no one knows their purpose, and it is unlikely that we will find an explanation for this in the future.
2. A network of tunnels under Europe from the Stone Age
Speleologists have managed to discover thousands of underground tunnels under all of Europe, as well as in Scotland and Turkey. The height of such structures, as a rule, fluctuates around 1 meter, and the width is 60 centimeters. According to preliminary estimates, these tunnels were created back in the Stone Age and their purpose is one of the mysteries of the planet for mankind.
Some scholars suggest that the caves were dug out by European tribes of those times to shelter from bad weather and predators, but no one can explain how people of that time managed to dig such long passages in the rock without proper tools.
3. Mohenjo-Daro, or Mountain of the Dead
In Pakistan, in the province of Sindh, there is a large ancient and dead city, whose age is estimated at 2600 BC. After 900 years, the inhabitants left it. At the moment, Mohenjo-Daro is included in the list world heritage UNESCO, and, at the same time, is the mystery of the planet.
For several decades, scientists have been struggling with the main question: how this city died. According to scientists, its end came almost instantly. Its inhabitants could be exterminated, but how then to explain the places in the city where the bricks were melted from exposure to enormous temperatures? Scientists put forward the most incredible theories, from nuclear bombing to the appearance of thousands of fireballs over the city at the same time. We risk never knowing the real answer.
4. Aswan Obelisk
The ancient Egyptians died a long time ago, but they continue to bet on the ears of the entire planet. In the Egyptian city of Aswan in 1920, archaeologists found a huge obelisk, which the ancient inhabitants carved right into the rock. Its dimensions are impressive: 41.8 meters in length, and the weight could be 1200 tons. For unknown reasons, the cutting of the monolith stopped. Scientists suggest that this could be due to a spontaneous crack in the structure. The technology of stone processing by the ancient Egyptians still amazes archaeologists.
5. Gate of the Sun
In Bolivia, there is an ancient ruined settlement of Tiwanaku, whose age dates back to 1500 BC. e. This city is full of mysteries, over the solution of which archaeologists have been struggling for several decades. Near Lake Titicaca there is a strange stone arch, which scientists have dubbed the Gates of the Sun.
If the stone statues of the ancient gods in Tiwanaku can be somehow explained, then the Gate, whose size is 3 meters high and 4 meters wide, has baffled archaeologists. They are dotted with mysterious inscriptions and drawings, which no one has yet been able to unravel.
6. Sacsayhuaman Citadel
This ancient structure is located in Peru and, according to scientists, was used as temple complex and a fortress for defense by the local garrison from external threats. It was not difficult for scientists to determine the purpose of Sacsayhuaman, but the method by which stone blocks were placed on top of each other is one of the mysteries of the planet.
The stone is processed so carefully and accurately that even a blade of grass cannot be inserted between two blocks. There are no gaps in the walls of the temple even after centuries.