How do you spell "calculate"? Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence Without counting on help.
Participial phrases, example sentences
Syntactic norms. Constructing a sentence with a gerund. Commas, isolation.
Participle - This independent part speech in Russian, which denotes an additional action with the main one. This part of speech combines the characteristics of a verb (aspect, voice and reflexivity) and adverbs (immutability, syntactic role of adverbial adverb). Answers questions about what to do? what did you do?
Participial turnover is a participle with dependent words. Like a single gerund, it denotes an additional action and is performed by the same person, object or phenomenon that performs the main action. Always isolated.
Answers the question “doing what?” or “having done what?”
Rule.
When using an adverbial phrase in a sentence, remember that:
the main action expressed by a predicate verb and the additional action expressed by a gerund refer to the same person or thing
often participial turnover used in a one-part definite-personal sentence, including with a verb in the imperative mood (where the subject is easily restored)
it is possible to use an adverbial phrase in an impersonal sentence with an infinitive
Sentences with adverbial verbs (examples)
I looked at the rising sun without taking my eyes off.
She left without closing the door behind her.
A boy, while cleaning his room, found great amount of things.
The goose, seeing the children, flew away.
All the sheep rushed towards her, only the baby could not cope with the acceleration, barely managing to slow down.
Trap!
The participial phrase cannot be used in the following cases:
if the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund refer to different persons (objects):
Jumping off the footboard of the tram, my hat flew off (IMPOSSIBLE, since “a hat cannot jump from a tram”!)
if in an impersonal sentence there is no infinitive to which the adverbial phrase could relate, but there is a combination of a predicate verb with a pronoun or noun as an object.
Looking out the window, I felt sad (IMPOSSIBLE, since there is an addition to me)
if the participial phrase refers to passive participles, because in this case, the subject of the action expressed by the predicate and the subject of the action indicated by the gerund) do not coincide:
Having run away from home, the boy was found (IMPOSSIBLE, since the boy runs away from the house, and other people find him!)
Syntactic norms. Algorithm of actions.
1) In the phrase in bold, find the participle (answers the questions: what by doing? what by doing?)
2) Highlight the basics in each option.
3) If the sentence does not have a subject, try to reconstruct it using the predicate.
4) If it is impossible to restore the subject in a sentence, see if the producer of the action is indicated in the indirect case.
5) Match the subject with the gerund in each option.
6) The option where the subject performs the action of both the gerund and the predicate is correct.
Analysis of the task.
Provide a grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Without counting on help,
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence is very important.
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
Finding the participle: not counting on help– doing what? without counting.
In each option we will find the grammatical basis:
1) me started leave strength.
2) students on one's own coped with the task.
3) independence Very important.
4) textbook helps cope better with difficult material.
Let’s correlate the gerund and the subjects by answering the question: who can not count on help? This is not strength, not independence, and not a textbook. Only students can cope with the task and not count on help.
Correct answer– option number 2.
Also watch the video if anything is unclear.
Practice.
1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Analyzing Pushkin’s poem “Poltava”,
1) critics noted the abundance of colloquial expressions.
2) its “obvious” disadvantage was considered to be the abundance of colloquial expressions.
3) contemporaries reproached the poet for the abuse of “burlatsky” expressions.
4) it was received by critics without enthusiasm.
2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Starting to work with the text,
1) we got into an argument.
2) try to read it carefully.
3) I determined the size incorrectly.
4) students often do not take into account the division into paragraphs.
3. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Lined up in columns,
1) the leader gives a signal, and the ants set off.
2) their length can reach 100-200 meters.
3) nomadic ants go on a two- to three-week hike.
4) a two- to three-week campaign of ants begins.
Answers: 3, 2, 3.
Without counting on help,
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence is very important.
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
Finding the participle: n not counting on help - doing what? without counting.
In each option we will find the grammatical basis:
1) me began to lose strength.
2) students on one's own coped with the task.
3) independence Very important.
4) textbook helps cope better with difficult material.
We correlate the gerund and the subjects by answering the question: who can't count on help? Is not strength, not independence and not a textbook. Only students can cope with the task and not count on help.
Correct answer - option number 2.
? Practice.
1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Analyzing Pushkin’s poem “Poltava”,
1) critics noted the abundance of colloquial expressions.
2) its “obvious” disadvantage was considered to be the abundance of colloquial expressions.
3) contemporaries reproached the poet for the abuse of “burlatsky” expressions.
4) it was received by critics without enthusiasm.
2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Starting to work with the text,
1) we got into an argument.
3) I determined the size incorrectly.
4) students often do not take into account the division into paragraphs.
3. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Lined up in columns,
1) the leader gives a signal, and the ants set off.
2) their length can reach 100-200 meters.
3) nomadic ants go on a two- to three-week hike.
4) a two- to three-week campaign of ants begins.
Syntactic norms. Approval standards. Constructing sentences with homogeneous members. Management standards.
Construction of complex sentences.
Approval standards.
ü Subject and predicate agreement
ü Coordination of participles with the word they define.
&Rule.
The participle agrees in gender, number and case with the word it defines.
FHint.
Find the word you define, ask a question from it to the participle. The ending in the question = the ending of the participle (note that the letters O and E in the ending are equal).
ü Matching the application with the word being defined.
&Rule.
A title enclosed in quotation marks given with a generic word (story, novel, picture, symphony, hotel) is an inconsistent appendix and must be in the nominative case. If there is no generic word, then the name in quotation marks begins to change.
.Differentiate!
In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" exposes the dark kingdom where boars and wild ones rule.
In “The Thunderstorm” by A.N. Ostrovsky exposes the dark kingdom where boars and wild ones rule.
“I don’t count on management support.” Conte spoke about his situation
The Blues coach answered questions from the media before the match against Watford in the 26th round of the Premier League.Earlier it was reported that in case of defeat, the London club would dismiss the Italian coach, and his place would be taken by ex-Barcelona helmer Luis Enrique.
“Honestly, such rumors are irritating,” says Conte. “Of course, I was waiting for a reaction from the club, I thought that they would comment on these rumors and express confidence in me. On the other hand, I understand that such things have never happened, so I don’t I count on your support.
Articles | In the footsteps of Mourinho. Why Conte will leave Stamford Bridge
Regarding my contract, I don't think now is the right time to negotiate. We will discuss this issue at the end of the season.
I still give my hundred percent. If Chelsea understands this and wants to extend the agreement with me, then we can sit down at the negotiating table. Why not? But I don’t want to put pressure on management through the media. My contract runs until 2019 and I intend to stay here."
The specialist also shared his expectations for the second part of the season, noting that his team is unlikely to be able to defend the championship title.
"Look at how other teams work in the transfer market. They invite top players and become stronger. Therefore, it will not be easy for us to win even silver medals. But at a club like Chelsea you need to be a little patient. Compared to last season, the situation has changed radically.
News | Italian Football Federation commissioner: Conte wants to return to the national teamPREPARATION FOR THE USE IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.
TEST TASKS A4.
53 options with answers.
(data examples of assignment A4 included in many practice tests Unified State Exam In Russian; the likelihood of their inclusion in real options Unified State Exam is unlikely; however, solving these examples in preparation for the exam will be very useful in terms of student understanding general principles grammatically correct sentence construction)
1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Speaking of the richness of language,
1) a discussion began in the audience.
2) I became interested in this problem.
3) specific examples are required.
4) we meant mainly his vocabulary
2. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
3. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Performing this piece
1) there was a feeling of joy.
2) I tried to convey my mood.
4) the audience listened well to the pianist.
4. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence:
Returning from a trip,
1) an interesting incident occurred.
2) we shared our vivid impressions with friends.
3) I couldn’t sleep.
4) remembered for a long time interesting cases on my way.
5. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
After reading a new book,
1) I was fascinated by its plot.
2) preparations for the reading conference have begun.
3) I became interested in history.
4) it helps to better understand the world around us.
6. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Without counting on help,
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence is very important.
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
7. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
8. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Studying history
1) it took a lot of time.
2) our contemporaries are learning the lessons of the past.
3) there is an opportunity to be proud of her past.
4) it helps to better understand the present.
9. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Playing chess
1) I have a headache.
2) we develop logical thinking.
3) the evening flew by unnoticed.
4) will and observation skills are developed.
10. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Creating an environmental forecast,
1) condition is taken into account environment our city.
2) design it in the form of a map with special symbols.
3) special knowledge is required.
4) scientists have processed a large amount of statistical material.
11. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Using linguistic means of expression,
1) speech is filled with bright colors.
2) the writer solves the problem of Napoleonism in a figurative form.
12. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Having driven the sharks far out to sea,
1) the rescuers no longer cared about anything.
2) dolphins together with people met a rescue ship.
3) calm reigned on the fishing boats.
4) another attack awaited the residents of the village.
13. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
2) the game was accompanied by approving or indignant screams from the audience.
14. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Having expressed the idea of the need for versatile education,
1) it is very poorly reasoned.
2) the scientist did not consider it necessary to comment on it.
3) her argumentation is practically absent.
4) the article raises a very pressing issue.
15. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
4) pay attention to their differences from plants in other zones.
16. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Starting to play music
1) you have little time left for entertainment.
2) in to a large extent creative abilities develop.
3) I made many interesting acquaintances.
4) I became acquainted with musical notation.
17. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Planting vineyards
3) the composition of the soil is taken into account.
18. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence .
Consuming a small amount of fuel,
1) energy resources are saved.
2) the car can reach high speed.
3) the problem of energy saving is solved.
4) one of the advantages of the car is efficiency.
19. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence:
Coming back from school
1) evening came and it became dark.
2) my neighbor’s car overtook me.
3) it started snowing heavily.
4) we met with Maxim’s parents.
20. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence:
Closing the book
1) everything was immediately forgotten.
2) the characters remain in our memory.
3) try to recall the text of the poem in your memory.
4) I remembered yesterday morning.
21. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Using the advice of experts,
1) everything will become simple and clear.
2) careful attention to these recommendations is required.
4) you can renovate your apartment yourself.
22. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
When making a proposal,
23. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
While on the road,
1) they brought us fresh newspapers.
2) home is always remembered.
3) I liked the trip.
4) usually think about home.
24. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Going up to the observation deck,
1) in clear weather you can see the whole city.
2) there is a wonderful view of Moscow.
3) the city is clearly visible.
4) is filled with excitement at the sight of the open spaces.
25. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Creating a novel trilogy,
1) documented data were used.
2) the writer used authentic documents of the era.
3) authentic documents of the era were used.
4) documents of the era confirmed the authenticity of the events.
26. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Preparing for the exam
1) serious work was done.
2) the students did serious work.
3) the graduates had a hard time.
4) great difficulties were expected.
27. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Checking the results obtained,
1) a repeated experiment was carried out.
2) their accuracy was confirmed.
3) the scientist conducted a repeated experiment.
4) repeated experiment confirmed their accuracy.
28. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Creating a painting,
1) the artist used oil.
2) oil was used.
3) oil paints were used.
4) the work was carried out for several days.
29. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
When making a proposal,
1) a remark was made to me.
2) its structure is considered.
3) take into account both lexical and grammatical meaning words
4) the style of speech must be taken into account.
30. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Seeing a red traffic light,
1) the driver braked.
2) the car stopped.
3) the car was stopped.
4) traffic on the road has stopped.
31. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Having changed my appearance,
1) Marina will have the opportunity to find an interesting life.
2) your possibilities will become limitless.
3) the individuality of the style is emphasized.
4) you can discover new abilities in yourself.
32. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
After reading Vampilov's play,
1) much remained unclear to me.
2) images of characters appeared in front of me.
3) I wanted to see her production in the theater.
4) I decided to get closer to the work of this playwright.
33. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Planting vineyards
1) the peasants took into account the terrain.
2) great importance have geographical factors.
3) the composition of the soil is taken into account.
4) traders determined the needs for grapes.
34. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence .
Studying the plants of the middle zone,
1) I became interested in this problem.
2) some of them are used for landscaping areas.
3) they were collected in a herbarium.
4) pay attention to their difference from plants in other zones.
35. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Having carefully prepared for the performance,
1) the speaker’s speech should nevertheless resemble improvisation.
2) the speaker’s speech must contain successful examples, images, and humor.
3) a good speaker’s speech is figurative, emotional and at the same time logical.
4) the speaker made a convincing speech.
36. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Using a new method,
1) brilliant results were achieved.
2) the language is learned very quickly.
3) you can quickly master any language.
4) the time required for language acquisition is reduced.
37. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Using a phraseological dictionary,
1) I was amazed by the richness of the language.
2) the introductory article is read first.
3) explain the meaning of this expression.
4) some examples will seem familiar to you.
38. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Having discovered organic substances in comets,
1) a new hypothesis was put forward about the origin of life.
2) this provides grounds for important conclusions.
3) scientists have suggested that life could have been brought from space.
4) scientists have an assumption about the existence of life outside the Earth.
39. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Listening to the opera “The Snow Maiden” by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky,
1) a lyrical mood arises.
2) images of characters appeared before the listeners.
3) you admire the talent of a great musician.
4) is overwhelmed by excitement.
40. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Depicting any object,
1) the painting captures the artist’s worldview.
2) the artist creates an exact copy of it.
3) the artist conveys his idea of the world.
4) for the artist his own perception of the world is important.
41. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Having paid the bill,
1) ordered books are stored for a month.
2) your order will be completed by the publisher.
3) it is necessary to inform the publisher in writing of the payment order number.
4) the books will be sent to you within a month.
42. Specify the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence .
Approaching the city,
1) I came across a local history museum on the outskirts.
2) a strong wind began.
3) I felt dizzy.
4) I noticed that a strong wind was blowing.
43. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Having conquered the British Isles,
1) football matches were organized between the conquering Romans and the British.
2) the Romans taught the indigenous people to play football.
3) the British mastered the game of football.
4) football also penetrated there along with the Roman soldiers.
44. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Speaking about Pushkin,
1) one cannot fail to say about his lyceum friends.
2) I remember the poem “Autumn”.
3) we have a bright feeling.
4) the critic found very precise words.
45. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Using the participle,
1) the structure of the sentence must be taken into account.
2) the grammatical structure of the sentence is important.
3) you need to take into account the structure of the sentence.
4) sentence structure is often not taken into account.
46. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Having thought through the daily routine to the smallest detail,
1) it was difficult to change anything.
2) we have achieved greater labor productivity.
3) it took into account that I have a busy work schedule.
4) I had to make changes to my usual life.
47. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Taking the capital of the Kazan Khanate in 1552,
1) Ivan the Terrible tried to attract new subjects to his side.
2) a huge territory came under the rule of the Moscow Principality.
3) Ivan the Terrible was faced with the task of winning over new subjects.
4) the power of the Moscow principality extended over a vast territory.
48. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
While on the road,
1) I had a dream.
2) always think about home.
3) they brought us fresh newspapers.
4) home is always remembered.
49. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Determining the meaning of unknown words,
1) I was overcome by doubts.
2) consult a dictionary.
3) context is taken into account.
4) some of them turned out to be ambiguous.
50. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Using automobile reference books,
1) it takes a lot of time to repair a machine.
2) you can repair your car yourself.
3) I came up with my own solution to the problem.
4) your car will always be in excellent condition.
51. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Looking at rock paintings from the Stone Age,
1) the drawings can be understood by people of different nationalities.
2) you see the most important events people's lives, scenes of hunting and battles.
3) the understanding of such drawings can be ambiguous.
4) the realities of the distant past are visible.
52. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Situated on an earthen embankment,
1) the spectators could see the entire stadium.
2) the games at the stadium took place under the approving or indignant shouts of the spectators.
3) the spectators had an excellent view of the entire field.
4) it was possible to observe the progress of the competition.
53. Specify the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence .
After reading the assignment carefully,
1) I have some questions.
2) start implementing it.
3) everything became clear to me.
4) you need to follow the example.
Answers:
1) 4; 2) 3; 3) 2; 4) 2; 5) 3; 6) 2; 7) 4; 8) 2; 9) 2; 10) 2; 11) 2; 12) 2; 13) 4; 14) 2; 15) 4; 16) 4; 17) 1; 18) 2; 19) 4; 20) 3; 21) 4; 22) 3; 23) 4; 24) 1; 25) 2; 26) 2; 27) 3; 28) 1; 29) 3; 30) 1; 31) 4; 32) 4; 33) 1; 34) 4; 35) 4; 36) 3; 37) 3; 38) 3; 39) 3; 40) 3; 41) 3; 42) 4; 43) 2; 44) 1; 45) 3; 46) 2; 47) 1; 48) 2; 49) 2; 50) 2; 51) 2; 52) 4; 53) 2.
Participial turnover is a participle with dependent words. Like a single gerund, it denotes an additional action and is performed by the same person, object or phenomenon that performs the main action. Always isolated. Answers the question “doing what?” or “having done what?” The action usually refers to the subject, for example: summing up the meeting, the minister congratulated all teachers on the start of the school year.
The participle is an independent part of speech in the Russian language, which denotes an additional action with the main one. This part of speech combines the characteristics of a verb (aspect, voice and reflexivity) and adverbs (immutability, syntactic role of adverbial adverb). Answers questions about what to do? what did you do?
Rule.
When using an adverbial phrase in a sentence, remember that:
- the main action expressed by a predicate verb and the additional action expressed by a gerund refer to the same person or thing
- often the participial phrase is used in a one-part definite-personal sentence, including with a verb in the imperative mood (where the subject is easily restored)
- it is possible to use an adverbial phrase in an impersonal sentence with an infinitive
Sentences with adverbial verbs (examples)
Trap!
The participial phrase cannot be used in the following cases:
if the action expressed by the predicate verb and the action expressed by the gerund refer to different persons (objects):
Jumping off the footboard of the tram, my hat flew off (IMPOSSIBLE, since “a hat cannot jump from a tram”!)
if in an impersonal sentence there is no infinitive to which the adverbial phrase could relate, but there is a combination of a predicate verb with a pronoun or noun as an object.
Looking out the window, I felt sad (IMPOSSIBLE, since there is an addition to me)
if the participial phrase refers to passive participles, because in this case, the subject of the action expressed by the predicate and the subject of the action indicated by the gerund) do not coincide:
Having run away from home, the boy was found (IMPOSSIBLE, since the boy runs away from the house, and other people find him!)
Syntactic norms. Algorithm of actions.
1) In the phrase in bold, find the participle (answers the questions: what by doing? what by doing?)
2) Highlight the basics in each option.
3) If the sentence does not have a subject, try to reconstruct it using the predicate.
4) If it is impossible to restore the subject in a sentence, see if the producer of the action is indicated in the indirect case.
5) Match the subject with the gerund in each option.
6) The option where the subject performs the action of both the gerund and the predicate is correct.
Analysis of the task.
Provide a grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Without counting on help,
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence is very important.
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
Finding the participle: n not counting on help - doing what? without counting.
In each option we will find the grammatical basis:
1) my strength began to leave me.
2) the students completed the task independently.
3) independence very important .
4) the textbook helps you better cope with difficult material.
We correlate the gerund and the subjects by answering the question: who can't count on help? Is not strength, not independence and not a textbook. Only students can cope with the task and not count on help.
Correct answer - option number 2.
Also watch the video if anything is unclear.
Practice.
1. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Analyzing Pushkin’s poem “Poltava”,
1) critics noted the abundance of colloquial expressions.
2) its “obvious” disadvantage was considered to be the abundance of colloquial expressions.
