How to learn and write vocabulary words. How to memorize vocabulary words
Here
dictionary words -
Difficult, tricky.
Without verification relatives
Alone live in the dictionary.
Magical ways to memorize vocabulary words become an exciting game and joint creativity for parents and children.
- We write down the words, highlighting dangerous places with color, and select an illustration, find, if necessary, a lexical interpretation;
- We group words, for example, by topic or by the initial letter of the alphabet.
- We draw hints for difficult letters.
Poster with pictures for vocabulary words Grade 1-2
Irina Lando in her super books "One class in one day" shows how you can draw a letter that is difficult to remember.
The wonderful teacher nataliigromaster has a whole project on this topic - it's interesting to see how it ends. Children insert the missing letters from ready-made cards with a picture and words, and then play different games with these cards.
You can use ready-made cards, or you can draw with pleasure yourself, especially since the lists of vocabulary words in different textbooks are different.
76 word picture cards
flashcards for 36 words (Grade 1)
- With the help of a semantic cross. For example:
L m
suitcaseT p
About e
- With the help of consonances. Consonant-similar in pronunciation words help memorize vocabulary words. For example:
- I. D. Ageeva's associative method with memory rhymes and crossword puzzles I really like the generalized way of memorizing groups of words:
- division of dictionary words from grades 1 to 4 depending on the “dangerous place” - a letter in which you can make a mistake;
- compiling a small coherent text from these words;
- inventing a reference word for all the words of the story, in which it is impossible to make a mistake;
- drawing for your story.
- Find an associative image associated with a dictionary word and write it opposite the dictionary word. An associative image must necessarily be associated with a dictionary word by some common feature. (moya-pamyat.ru)
Model:
Associative communication can be by:
- color;
- location;
- form;
- sound;
- action;
- taste;
- material;
- appointment;
- quantity
For example:
dictionary word
* birch - _white in color
* birch - curly: need a comb to comb (shaped like the letter E)
Result:
b_E.cut - b_E.bark,
- gr_E.ben (_E.)
Examples of vocabulary words and associative images:
g_A.zeta - boom_A.ga,
k_A.rman - dyr_A.,
d_I.rect_O.r - cr_I.k, r_O.t,
k_O.ncert - n_O.ta, d_O., x_O.r,
z_A.water - pipes_A.,
k_O.rable - v_O.lny, b_O.tsman, k_O.k,
in_E.y - b_E.ly, sn_E.g,
l_A.don - l_A.pa,
k_A.empty - z_A.yats
k_A.randash - gr_A.n, boom_A.ga,
s_O.tank - hv_O.st
my pupil and I draw such cards and collect them in an envelope |
In order for the pictures not only to attract the attention of the child for a while, but to be forgotten in high school, spelling exercises are necessary. Yes, xA good assimilation of the correct spelling of a word is facilitated by the use of a cheating system developed by psychologist Polina Solomonovna Zhedek. Helpful article for parents"- on the task page for each word.
On this site you can find alphabetical search funny verses for every word.
The result of the extensive Vocabulary Atlas project is a collection of approaches to learning vocabulary words.
funny online trainer
online simulator
Note to student:
When reading books, learn to highlight all unfamiliar words and mentally imagine the spelling of each such word. To do this, simply stop at a word that is unknown to you from the point of view of spelling and imagine it written, for example, on a blackboard, in a notebook or on glass.
What is the best way to remember the spelling of vocabulary words? This question worries both teachers and parents who know firsthand how much effort should be made so that the child remembers at least something.
To effectively memorize vocabulary words, experts have developed a list of tasks:
1. Read the dictionary word and determine its meaning (in the event that the meaning of the word is not clear to the child, an explanatory dictionary will come to the rescue).
2. Carry out spelling work on the word (emphasize and in green highlight the "disputed" letter, make morphological analysis, divide the word into syllables and syllables for transfer).
3. Remember the spelling rule (pick up as many words of the same root, synonyms and antonyms as possible, as well as come up with phrases and sentences that will include this word).
4. Enter the words in the spelling dictionary.
5. Compose a short story with a group of vocabulary words (portfolio, teacher, friend, vacation).
6. Carry out a picture dictation (show the child pictures and offer to write down the names of the depicted objects).
7. Record dictionary words in ascending (descending) order.
8. Come up with a sentence with a missing vocabulary word, let the child complete the word on their own.
9. Form the plural from the singular, and vice versa (boots-boots, hare-hares).
10. Form another part of speech from this word (vegetables-vegetables, on-duty-on-duty).
11. Write out dictionary words in several columns (gender; number; declension; part of speech; subject ("Vegetables" or "Animals"); unverifiable vowels A, O, E, I; unverifiable and verifiable vowels; inspired and inanimate objects, etc. .e).
12. Write out from these words those in which there is a hissing and J.
13. Decline the word by case.
13. Write down words with various prefixes and prepositions (went-left, Saturday-on Saturday).
14. Make a sentence from the words given in random order (guys, and, cucumbers, garden, baskets, in, tomatoes, collected).
15. Form a new word with the help of a suffix (apple-apple tree, hare-bunny).
16. Replace the long definition with one word (a person who bakes bread is a grain grower, an animal with a long neck is a giraffe).
17. Replace the search word with a suitable one in meaning (teacher-teacher, car-car).
18. For adjectives, choose nouns that will be dictionary words(faithful comrade, sandy shore).
19. Write off words, inserting one or two consonants (C or SS: ba ... ein, ka ... ir, kla ..ny).
20. At the end, conduct a self-dictation and mutual verification.
Close your eyes and imagine that the "naughty" word is written in a book. It is necessary to see this word as clearly as possible, to spell it. Did you see? Now make the “disputed” letter blink. Which letter is blinking? Read the word slowly, as if pressing on that sound. Write the word down 5 times, saying it out loud each time.
How to memorize vocabulary words.
Lavrinenko L.A., teacher primary school the highest category, MBOU secondary school No. 13, Novosibirsk
Why is one information remembered by schoolchildren better, and the other worse? If we talk about the patterns of assimilation of verbal material, then in the younger school age students better remember words denoting the names of objects (specific material) than words denoting abstract concepts(abstract material). Students retain in memory such specific material that is significant and is fixed in memory based on visual samples. It is worse to remember specific material that is not supported by a visual image (names by geography that are not related to geographical map, descriptions) and is not significant in the assimilation of what is remembered.
Figurative information is easy to remember, and verbal information is worse.
Firstly, speech and text contain fewer words-images than in the surrounding world; secondly, the images created on the basis of words are "weaker" than the images perceived visually.
In humans, visual perception is predominant. So, for example, we often know a person by sight, although we cannot remember his name. For the preservation and reproduction of visual images the visualmemory. It is directly related to a developed imagination: what a person can visually imagine, he, as a rule, remembers and reproduces more easily.
auditory memory - this is a good memorization and accurate reproduction of various sounds, for example, musical, speech. A special kind of auditory memory is verbal-logical memory, which is closely connected with the word, thought and logic.
motor memoryis the memorization and preservation, and, if necessary, the reproduction of movements. A prime example motor memory is the hand-written reproduction of the text, which, as a rule, implies the automatic writing of once learned characters.
emotional memoryis a memory of experiences. It is involved in the work of all types of memory, but it is especially manifested in human relationships. The strength of material memorization is based on emotional memory: what causes emotions in a person is remembered without much difficulty and for a longer period.
For achievement For the best result when studying vocabulary words, it is necessary to use all types of memory (visual, auditory, motor, emotional).
Each person has his own type of memory, this is an innate parameter that does not change. A person can learn, work and achieve excellent results very effectively if he knows how to use his type of memory. Why is this parameter so important? The fact is that the way of perceiving the world, the way of learning, rewarding and punishing depends on the type of memory.
There are many methods that are used to memorize vocabulary words:
- spelling of a word(the word is dictated by syllables, after which it is written down);
- memorization of a word on a grid(words are written according to the principle of a “crossword puzzle”, at the intersection with a memorized spelling, a word is written that is most suitable for it in meaning:birch - white, Moscow - Rodina);
Cicero's method (the words are "scattered" around the room, and then collected again.1) I put the pencil in the pencil case, put the pencil case in the briefcase, then put on my overcoat, etc.; 2) I took off my coat, opened my briefcase, took out a pencil case, pulled out a pencil from the pencil case, etc.);
- "oral crossword"(the teacher describes the word, the students guess and write the correct answer in a notebook. For example: “What is the name of a tool in the form of a rod made of writing material (charcoal, graphite, dry paints, etc.) used for writing, drawing, drawing? » Pupils write down: pencil );
- method of associative memorization of words(the memorized spelling is associated with some way).
We have developed an algorithm for memorizing dictionary words based on associations.
Algorithm for students to memorize vocabulary words based on associations
1. Speak the word by syllables.
2. Explain the meaning of the word.
3. Put emphasis.
4. Find an unstressed vowel.
5. Underline the unstressed vowel in the word (find a “dangerous place”).
6. Pick up associations to the letter denoting a sound that cannot be verified.
7. Make a sentence with a word.
8. Write down the words in the "fun dictionary".
9. At the beginning of the next lesson, repeat the written word.
When memorizing dictionary words with the help of associations, the difficult spelling of a dictionary word is associated with a bright associative image that helps to write the spelling correctly.
For example: lemon - sour, x☺r☺sho, orange - sweet; in the word peas in place of the memorized letter, the students drew a pea, similar to the letter O, and when writing the word Apple in place of the letters O they drew round apples.
The association method helps students memorize words without memorizing them.
This memorization method has one more property: the expression of information in an easy and interesting associative form makes the student understand that he himself is able to create associative information blocks, turn difficult material into accessible for himself and others, and is able to independently (though often intuitively) use various techniques. . Pupils begin to offer their associations, ideas, images, invent fairy tales and even compose poetry, which becomes the basis of his own associative information blocks.
Ancient wisdom says: “Tell me and I will forget. Show me and I can remember. Let me do it myself - and it will be mine forever.
At the Russian language lessons, children, trying to master literacy, get acquainted with many rules, most of which require the ability to select test words. But how to explain to the student that there is great amount exceptions that do not fit these rules?
Do you remember what vocabulary words are? We all crammed by heart how tokens are spelled "september", "goodbye", "electricity", "alley", "highway" and others. Let's talk today about how to help our children remember them without nerves and tears.
What are "dictionary words"?
The leading principle of Russian spelling is morphological. According to him, the same morphemes in writing are denoted by the same letters, regardless of their pronunciation. For example, root "waters" spelled the same way "water", "submariner", "backwater" although it sounds different. If the phoneme is in a weak position, students are taught to select related lexemes. In them, the same sound should be in a strong position: eyes - eyes, marine - sea.
However, there are lexemes whose spelling cannot be explained using spelling rules. You can certainly give examples of words of this type yourself: milk, professor, bicycle, laboratory, station. AT school course they are called dictionaries. It is recommended to check the spelling of such lexemes using a spelling dictionary. However, the most common of them are offered to students for memorization. This practice begins in the first grade. By the end of school, children should know about fifty vocabulary words.
Why can't they be verified?
What is a dictionary word and why does its spelling not follow the standard rules? This question worries many schoolchildren who are forced to cram another list of "problem" lexemes. Everything is explained simply. Most dictionary words are borrowed, and, therefore, are built on the principle of another language. For example, an unstressed vowel in a lexeme "briefcase" who knows can check French. "Port" in it means "to carry".
Other vocabulary words are native Russian. However, due to historical changes in the language they began to sound differently, diverged in meaning from the lexemes from which they were formed. Or related words simply fell out of use and were forgotten. Who among us remembers that "m e dv e d" is a fusion of tokens "m e d» + "in e to give"? What "bed" derived from "shelter"(place where they rest)? Word "frog" came from the old "lyaga"(foot), which is no longer used. Looking into we will find a lot of interesting things for ourselves.
Vocabulary words in Russian: how to remember?
There are children who easily memorize new lexemes. As a rule, they have a well-developed visual memory. However, most students need to write a dictionary word about a hundred times in order to remember it tightly. AT primary school The following learning algorithm is proposed:
- Read the word syllable by syllable as it is spelled. "Difficult" places were highlighted by voice. Explain its meaning in your own words, if necessary - refer to the explanatory dictionary.
- Write the word in capital letters. You can make them from velvet paper or buy a magnetic alphabet. Circle all the letters with your finger.
- Divide the word into syllables, determine the number of vowels and consonants, part of speech.
- Rewrite the lexeme in a notebook, highlighting the “problem” places with color.
- Come up with a sentence or a rhyme with a word.
- Close your eyes and write it in the air. And then on paper from memory. Check yourself, correct mistakes.
- For better memorization, decline or conjugate the word in writing, saying it out loud each time.
Making cards
Learned words must be constantly repeated, otherwise they will be forgotten. Parents can help their children by making cards with learning lexemes and hanging them around the apartment. The inscriptions will be remembered involuntarily and deposited in the subconscious.
For example, you want to consolidate vocabulary words on the topic "Vegetables": cabbage, carrot, tomato, potato, pea, cucumber, harvest, vegetable garden. Invite the child to draw these products and sign with colored pencils. Even better if he makes drawings on "dangerous" letters. These pictures should be related to the meaning of the word. So, "O" in the lexeme " cucumber turns into this green vegetable. In the word " tomato"She will be a tomato, and the middle crossbar of the letter "I" will be a knife. Attach pictures in prominent places.
Let's play!
Memorizing vocabulary words can become a tedious task. But if you show a little imagination, it can turn into a fun, educational game. Here are some examples.
- "Oral crossword". You explain the meaning of the word, the child guesses it and writes it down. Give it time to check. If the student himself found an error in the word, it is rewritten 3 times. If the error went unnoticed - 5 times.
- Read the lexemes spelling. Mentally "arrange" them around the room: behind the sofa - felt boots, on the table - a telegram, in the closet - a passenger. After an hour, walk along this route, pronouncing all the words as they are written.
- On the reverse side of your word cards, indicate the same lexemes, but with missing letters. Put them in a hat. Pulling out in turn, say aloud which letters you will insert. There is one point for a correct answer. The one with the most points wins.
- "Sochinyalkin". Read the token to be memorized. Think of an example of a word starting with the same letter. Combine both lexemes in one phrase or sentence: the ufologist ate the harvest, the excavator went on an excursion, a skillful game.
So what are vocabulary words? This is a great material for creativity. Play with them, compose and write correctly.
The correct spelling of vocabulary words is one of the criteria for literacy. The article is addressed to parents and contains a description of the stages of working with children at home.
Many words of the Russian language do not obey the rules of spelling. These are dictionary words, the spelling of which should be memorized.
One of the sections compulsory exam in Russian, following the results of training in the 9th grade, contains a task for spelling dictionary words. Vocabulary words help children master written language. However, for some children they become friends, and for others - enemies, delivering continuous chores. Practice shows that not every child manages to quickly memorize the spelling of dictionary words and retain the acquired knowledge in memory for a long time. Sometimes you have to watch how a child honestly memorizes them, successfully writes vocabulary dictations in class, but in test dictations makes mistakes in these words. Adults are sometimes perplexed: “How is it that you taught, did you write them correctly?” But the fact is that in the text of the dictation the child did not recognize these words, could not concentrate on their spelling.
Each person has his own vocabulary. The higher the level speech development, the larger the dictionary.
Among the vocabulary words, there are many that are not often used in the child's oral speech, and, therefore, are simply absent in his active vocabulary. These words are the most difficult for a child to remember.
The school pays great attention to the study of vocabulary words. However, practice shows that when writing vocabulary words, children often make mistakes. Is it possible to teach a child to memorize vocabulary words?
Experience shows that systematic work brings success. There are many exercises that help memorize vocabulary words. It is important to understand that memorizing vocabulary words is the painstaking work of a child and an adult.
Workout exercises for working at home
- Rule of thumb - make the most of it assistants. It is important to connect the work of the eyes, ears, tongue and hand. Before introducing a child to the graphic image of a word, it is necessary to clarify its meaning with the help of visualization (a picture or a specific object).
- We pronounce the word by syllables, highlighting dangerous places. Show the spelling of the word. It is advisable to write the words on separate cards, in large letters. The sample is written by an adult. The child under the control of an adult reads the word, repeats, remembers. The adult closes the sample. The child writes the word on the card, then checks the spelling according to the model. It is advisable to use cards, not notebooks. There is one word on the card, and not like in a notebook - several and side by side. Working with cards helps the child learn to remember the previously memorized word. If an error is made while writing to the card, we go back. We read the sample, say it several times, remove the sample, the word is written on the card.
- We compose phrases with the given word and sentences to consolidate the meaning of the word and options for changing it. It may very well be that the child was previously unfamiliar with the word. In this case, the variants of phrases and sentences are voiced first by an adult, and only then by a child. An adult should give a sample of the use of the word in speech. We set aside a card with a new word separately and after a while we check whether the child remembered its meaning and how to use it. Even if the word is familiar to the child, training in its use will help the child to focus on the unity of the semantic meaning of the word and its graphic image.
- We read the word syllable by syllable in accordance with its spelling. The child needs to read the word aloud several times, highlighting with his voice those parts of the word that are not spelled the way they are pronounced.
- We invite the child to carefully look at the word, remember its graphic image (writing) and, turning the sample (card) over, write it down on their own. It is better if the child initially writes down the word block letters. They don't need a connection. Each letter is easier to feel.
- On the back of the card, we invite the child to draw a picture that will help him remember not only the meaning of the word, but also its spelling. If it is difficult for a child to do this on his own, we draw with him. Together does not mean for him. The child must participate. Otherwise, the picture will not be his, and will not help with memorization. You can find a finished picture and let the child cut and paste it.
- We check if the child remembers the spelling: we show the picture and offer to write down the word. If the result is positive, go to the next word.
- Memorization is difficult thinking process. It should be remembered that you can not get too carried away - you should not take a lot of words at once. It is advisable to start with 1 - 2, gradually increasing the number to 5. It is important to return to the learned words every day, controlling the strength of memorization.
- As the cards accumulate, we offer the child various ways of classifying. For example, by the similarity of the spelling of parts of the word that are not spelled the way they are pronounced (city, sparrow, cow); by the number of syllables in a word (milk, garden, crow); according to the place of stress, etc. Such classification options each time make the child analyze the spelling of the word from different positions, and, therefore, help to keep their graphic image in memory.
- You can’t force a child to write the same word repeatedly, they say, he will write and remember a hundred times. Such a technique provokes the consolidation of erroneous spelling. Practice shows that after several correct options, the child makes mistakes. Attention is dulled, and the hand and eye reproduce not a pattern, but errors.
- It is not necessary to offer the child to write vocabulary words in a notebook every day. Better to alternate different kinds activities depending on the load (on the volume homework, employment of the child on a particular day in circles or sections) and well-being. You can offer to repeat the words and pronounce their spelling, write in the air, on the hand (back) of an adult with your finger, bend it out of the wire or put it out of the cord, etc.
- Many children find it difficult to recognize an image of a word in which letters are missing. We invite the child to write down a few vocabulary words in a column. Then, with a felt-tip pen, the child shades the given letters. For example, all letters a. Next, we suggest reading the written words. At the next stage, the child is shading already 2 letters ( ah, oh). Then he reads the words and inserts the letters. It is better to start with vowels, increasing their number to 3 - 5. The game " learn the word" helps to learn to remember the graphic image of words. Starting with simple tasks, the child is invited to learn a word with one missing letter: city_. Gradually increase the level of difficulty: g_r_d, g_ _ _ d, G_ _ _ _. We use the learned vocabulary words accordingly.
- Children are interested in the task of linking several dictionary words into a semantic chain - to compose joke text. First, the child pronounces the words in accordance with their spelling, then composes a comic story. For example, given the words: city, sparrow, shop, birch, crow, vegetable garden, village, potatoes, milk. The child made up the following text: A sparrow bought milk in the city and drank it on a birch. A crow planted potatoes in the garden in the village". After a while, the child is invited to remember the compiled story and write down vocabulary words.
- Children often memorize vocabulary words in initial form, as they are given in the dictionary of the textbook. When writing different forms of words or cognate words in sentences and texts, mistakes are made. To consolidate the knowledge gained, the child must train in changing vocabulary words ( garden, in the garden, behind the gardens), in the formation of a chain of single-root words ( city, urban, suburban), in writing phrases with dictionary words ( little sparrow), phrases from dictionary words ( city sparrow), sentences with dictionary words. This makes memorization more efficient. The child will be ready to recognize the learned words in the text of the dictation.
- When doing homework in the Russian language, it is necessary to draw the child's attention to the studied vocabulary words, if they occur in the texts.
- Usually vocabulary words are not learned in alphabetical order. We offer the child to arrange 5 - 7 vocabulary words in alphabetical order and write down (say) them.
Lots of workouts. It is important to choose those that help the child.
When studying at home, you must remember that classes should be for the good, you can not overload the child. Only those who do nothing do not make mistakes. You can't see a tragedy in a child's mistakes. You can't compare your success in school with your child's failures. Education is the work of both the child and the adult. And, therefore, it is in our power to make dictionary words helpers of the child, and not enemies.