Composition of the lyrical work death of Yermak. A detailed analysis of Ryleev's "death of Yermak"
Ryleev's reputation as a poet is ambiguous. Among his contemporaries there were many people who did not appreciate his poems very highly. It must be understood that his reputation is determined not only by his writing abilities, but also by his civic position. For many, Ryleev was a man of great virtues, a hero and a righteous person, due to the fact that he became one of the participants in the Decembrist movement.
Ryleev was the first Russian poet to be executed for his beliefs and social activities. He lived only 30 years. During this short period, he managed to do a lot. Like many Russian nobles, the poet served. Ryleev would have come from a small estate family, his father looked after someone else's estate and was under the rule of a larger landowner. At first, Ryleev served in military affairs, and later in civil affairs, as an assessor in the Civil Chamber, and at the end of his life he was in the service of the Russian-American Company.
Ryleev and duels The institution of the duel played a huge role in Russian noble life. Many writers fought duels, many were seconds. In addition to such well-known duels as those in which Pushkin and Lermontov were killed, there are many other well-known and dramatic ones in the history of Russian literature (Fig. 1). Rice. 1. A.A. Naumov. Pushkin's duel with Dantes Ryleev also participated in duels, and some of them are very famous. One of these famous duels was the duel between Chernov and Novosiltsev, in which Ryleev was a second. Chernov was a friend of Ryleev, a poor nobleman, and Novosiltsev was an aristocrat and a rich man. As is often the case, the duel happened over a woman. Chernov had a sister, and Novosiltsev wooed her, they were engaged, but after some time, under the influence of his mother, Novosiltsev “reversed”. The engagement was broken off. Such situations occurred quite often, but in this case the poignancy was that Chernov was a “small fry”, and Novosiltsev was an aristocrat. From the point of view of Ryleev and other future Decembrists, this was a cruel insult: the strong and rich offended the poor and weak. The case ended in a duel. As a second, Ryleev did everything to ensure that the duel took place and was as bloody as possible (this is contrary to the foundations: it is usually the duty of the seconds to try on duelists or soften the conditions of the duel). Ryleev and his comrades managed things in such a way that the duel turned out to be terrible. They placed the duelists at such a distance from which it was almost impossible to miss, and as a result, both died. Chernov's funeral turned into a demonstration. The Decembrists did everything to expose this situation in the light of political discord within high society. This case shows us how tough Ryleev was in matters that concerned the honor and dignity of a person. He was ready to sacrifice not only his own, but also someone else's life in order to defend his convictions. |
Creativity Ryleev
Ryleev not only wrote poetry, but also published the almanac "Polar Star". Much later, in the 1850s, A.I. Herzen (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Almanac "Polar Star"
In Russian literature, the word "polar" referred to the north. To publish such an almanac in St. Petersburg is a completely natural thing. Ryleev published it not alone, but together with his associate A. Bestuzhev.
In their work, the Decembrists were guided by Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. The name of this writer is associated with classicism, with a high calm and an ode as a favorite genre. This is poetry focused on serious, lofty themes. The future Decembrists were rather stern-minded people not only in their private lives, but also in the sphere of literature and art. Poetry as an adornment of life or poetry of light topics was completely alien to them. If we look at the literary map of Russia at that time, then the main controversy was between the Derzhavins and the Karamzins. Supporters of Karamzin's sentimental aesthetics believed that poetry could be light in style, vocabulary, and choice of topics. Severe Decembrists were for the old style, the chased style of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, and it was in this vein that Ryleev tried to write. The Decembrists were also people focused on exploits and accomplishments. And for heroism, they turned to ancient Roman history.
All these features of the literary taste and choice of the Decembrists and Ryleev are clearly visible in one of his works, in "Ode to a temporary worker."
A temporary worker is a person who, at the behest of a strong patron (usually a monarch), temporarily found himself in power, reached a high position, honors.
"Haughty temporary worker, and vile and treacherous,
The monarch is a cunning flatterer and an ungrateful friend,
Furious tyrant of his native country,
A villain elevated to an important rank by slyness!
You look at me with contempt
And in your menacing gaze you show me your furious anger!
I don't value your attention, scoundrel;
From your lips blasphemy - a crown worthy of praise!
Ryleev scolds and vilifies the temporary worker very rudely and furiously, but uses a high style for this. Next, the author moves on to threats. Let's see how he addresses the temporary worker.
"Tyrant, tremble! he can be born
Or Cassius, or Brutus, or Cato, the enemy of kings!
Oh, how on the lyre I will try to glorify him,
Who will save my Fatherland from you!
Cassius, Brutus and Cato are the heroes of ancient Roman history.
Ryleev did not want to simply imitate Derzhavin, he tried to find his own style and style. Dumas are great works with heroes - Russian and Ukrainian historical figures. Heroes of thoughts usually thought about the fate of the Fatherland, and all of them, one way or another, sacrificed themselves for the sake of the people's good. For example, Ivan Susanin, well known to us from history, gave his life for the Tsar and Russia.
And again we are convinced that Ryleev's poetry is the poetry of serious, tragic topics, and in the center is always civic interest, a common cause. The ideological and artistic paradox of Ryleev's works consisted in the fact that he portrayed anti-romantic heroes through romantic techniques. One of these heroes is Yermak from the thought "Death of Yermak" (Fig. 3).
Rice. 3. Illustration for the thought "Death of Yermak"
Ermak Ataman Ermak Timofeevich is one of the most famous Cossacks in the history of Russia. He is on a par with such characters as Bulavin, Pugachev and Razin. But these people are rebels who opposed the authorities, against the state. Yermak is a slightly different character, he is also a representative of a free anti-state force, a robber and a robber who decided to serve the Fatherland. But Yermak pursued selfish goals in an attack on the Siberian Khanate. It is immediately clear that the attack would allow him to loot a lot, and even if he won, he would receive an award from the sovereign. But robbery outside the state, which it also supports, is no longer a crime, but becomes a military feat. Yermak's success was one of the positive developments of Ivan the Terrible's time. Yermak is at the same time the embodiment of riotous free power, and a servant of the sovereign. This attracted not only Ryleev, A.K. Tolstoy brought Yermak in the novel "Prince Silver", but he did it in a rather unusual way. Yermak himself never appears on the pages of the novel; others tell about him. For Tolstoy, Yermak is a saving ray against the background of the oprichnina described in the novel, an image of a brighter future. |
Yermak is a real character in Russian history of the 16th century. He was a Cossack chieftain who went to conquer Siberia, which was under the rule of Khan Kuchum. Yermak died by drowning in the river during a sudden attack by the Tatars. It was with the campaign of Yermak to Siberia that the annexation of these lands to the territory of the Russian state began.
Readers already know its outcome from the name of the thought.
"The storm roared, the rain roared,
Lightning flew in the darkness
And the winds raged in the wilds...
To the glory of passion breathing,
In a country harsh and gloomy,
On the wild bank of the Irtysh
Yermak sat, engulfed in thought.
The description is romantic: the hero is presented to us surrounded by nature and all alone. Next, we read the Cossack's appeal to his squad.
"Comrades of his labors,
Victories and loud-sounding glory,
Among the spread tents
They slept carelessly near the oak forest.
“Oh, sleep, sleep,” the hero thought,
Friends, under a roaring storm;
With the dawn, my voice will be heard,
Calling for glory or death!
You need rest; sweet dream
And calm the brave in a storm;
In dreams he will remind glory
And the strength of the warriors will double.
Here we understand that dramatic events will soon begin. It is important to note that Yermak addresses the sleepers, hoping that they will hear him. Readers of Ryley's time, when reading this passage, immediately had an association with a prayer for a cup in the Garden of Gethsemane from the Gospel (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. V. Perov. "Jesus Praying in the Garden of Gethsemane"
Before the execution, Jesus prays, and his disciples-apostles sleep next to him. And we anticipate tragedy. This parallel is not accidental.
"Who did not spare his life
In robberies, mining gold,
Will he think about her
Dying for holy Russia?
Wash away with your own and enemy's blood
All the crimes of a wild life
And deserved for the victory
Blessings of the motherland, -
We cannot be afraid of death;
We have done our work:
Siberia conquered the king
And we did not live idly in the world!”
Ermak says that in the past they all sinned, but now they have the opportunity to atone for their sins. And we see the subtext: here it is, precisely that sacrifice made for the sake of the Fatherland. And this feat can redeem everything, and yesterday's sinner can become a saint.
"But his fatal destiny
Already sat next to the hero
And looked with regret
At the victim with a curious look.
The storm roared, the rain roared,
Lightning flew in the darkness
Thunder rumbled incessantly
Stormy nature now acts not as a silent witness, but becomes the embodiment of fate, takes up arms against the hero.
"The Irtysh boiled in steep banks,
Gray waves were rising
And crumbled with a roar to dust,
Biya on the shore, Cossack boats.
With the leader, peace in the arms of sleep
The brave squad ate;
There is only one storm with Kuchum
I didn’t doze off at their death! ”
Yermak is sleeping, and his fate is coming close to him - we understand that he is doomed. This fits within the framework of the Christian faith. It is not the victory that is important, but the sacrifice, the feat. Then follow the lines about the attack of the enemies.
"Fearing to engage the hero in battle,
Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief,
Sneaked through the secret path
Tatars surrounded by crowds.
Swords flashed in their hands -
And the valley bled
And fell formidable in battles,
Without drawing swords, squad ... "
There is a dishonest fight, and the Tatars exterminate the Cossacks. Yermak takes to flight.
Yermak woke up from sleep
And, death in vain, tends to the waves,
Heart full of courage
But the boats are far from the shore!
Irtysh is more worried -
Yermak strains all his strength
And with his mighty hand
Shafts gray cuts ... "
In these lines we observe Yermak's struggle with nature, as in ancient tragedy, here nature plays the role of evil fate. The character continues to fight injustice and is again shown as a romantic hero. But, like the most powerful Greek hero, Achilles, Yermak has a weak spot. For him, this is a gift from Ivan the Terrible, heavy armor that drags him to the bottom.
“Floats ... the shuttle is already close -
But the strength of fate yielded,
And, boiling more terrible, the river
The hero was swallowed up with a bang.
Depriving the strength of the hero
Fight the raging wave
Heavy shell - the gift of the king
Became his death to blame "
This fragment shows the poetic conventionality of Ryleev's thought. It's not about reality, but about some poetic side of things. Further, the author shows us a dead, but in a sense, not defeated Yermak.
“The storm roared ... suddenly the moon
The boiling Irtysh turned silver,
And the corpse, vomited by the wave,
In the copper armor lit up.
The clouds rolled in, the rain roared,
And the lightning still flashed
And the thunder still rumbled in the distance,
And the winds raged in the wilds.
In the finale, Ryleev skillfully uses lines already familiar to us, but now they already have a different shade. If you think about it, the final picture reminds us of an honorable funeral for a military man, only nature participates in this procession.
Conclusion
Three years have passed since the creation of the thought "Death of Yermak", there was a performance on the Senate Square. It was the crowning achievement of Ryleev's political and civil life. This temperamental man was the soul and engine of this uprising. The Decembrist uprising was suppressed, Ryleev was arrested and spent the last months in prison. He was sentenced to death and hanged along with four comrades. The poet accurately predicted his fate in the duma "Nalivaiko".
"I know that death awaits
The one who rises first
On the oppressors of the people, -
Fate has already doomed me.
But where, tell me when was
Freedom redeemed without sacrifice”?
Ryleev in prison The inflexible Kondraty Ryleev could be patient and gentle. He was a Christian (Fig. 5). Rice. 5. K. Ryleev Especially his Christian position was visible at the end of his life. Ryleev accepted the verdict without anger or protest. A letter that he wrote to his wife in the last hours has been preserved. Usually, a suicide letter was written before a duel, where the outcome was unknown. Ryleev had no doubts. I wonder what he writes to his wife. He asks her to come to terms with what is happening and not be angry either with God or with the sovereign, who sentenced him. “God and the Sovereign have decided my fate: I must die and die a shameful death. May His holy will be done! My dear friend, surrender yourself to the will of the Almighty, and he will comfort you. Pray to God for my soul. He will hear your prayers. Do not grumble either at him or at the Sovereign: it will be both reckless and sinful. Shall we comprehend the inscrutable judgments of the Incomprehensible? I never murmured during the whole time of my imprisonment, and for this the Holy Spirit wondrously consoled me. Marvel, my friend, and at this very moment, when I am busy only with you and our little one, I am in such a comforting calmness that I cannot express to you. Oh, dear friend, how salutary it is to be a Christian. I thank my Creator that He enlightened me and that I am dying in Christ.” Ryleev died reconciled, said goodbye to his wife. He accepted death as a humble man, and not as a rebel, as we remember him in the first place. |
As he wanted, as he dreamed, he suffered for a just cause. And it turns out that he was a real romantic. He actually professed the romantic principle: live as you write, write as you live. And so it happened: that Kondraty Ryleev lived, wrote and died as a romantic.
Questions for abstracts
Make a table in which enter the titles of microthemes. In each column, write down the key words, phrases, fragments of sentences of the micro-theme (according to Ryleev's thought "Death of Yermak").
Write an essay "The role of the Decembrists in the development of social thought in Russia."
Answer in writing the question: “Why are the fate of the author and the fate of the hero-Yermak parallel?”
In this article, we will analyze the thought of Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev "The Death of Yermak", which is studied by schoolchildren in the 8th grade. This literary work was largely due to the life of the writer himself. Therefore, we will plunge a little into the actions that preceded its writing, and get acquainted with the biography of the writer - Kondraty Ryleev. This is necessary first of all in order to better understand what thoughts the author had in the process of writing and what served it.
- "Derzhavin";
- "Dimitri Donskoy";
- "Volynsky";
- "Bohdan Khmelnytsky";
- "Prophetic Oleg".
Regarding the assessment of Ryleev's work, there are many different comments. For example, Pushkin wrote that in his works there is nothing state and Russian, not counting the names.
Kondraty Ryleev was a Russian poet and public figure who was born on September 18, 1795. He lived in the village of Batovo, which is located in the St. Petersburg province. In 1801 Kondraty entered the first St. Petersburg Cadet Corps.
In 1813 he took part in foreign campaigns Russian army which ended in 1814.
But, sadly, the author's life tragically ended on July 13, 1826. He died at the age of 30. Ryleev was one of the managers of the Decembrist uprising and was among the five officers who were sentenced to death on the scaffold.
creative process
- The year 1820 was significant in that the author created his well-known satirical ode "To the temporary worker";
- A year later, Ryleev joined the Free Society of adherents of Russian literature, and was also in the service of an assessor of the criminal chamber of St. Petersburg;
- In 1824 he headed the management department of the Russian-American company;
- From 1823 to 1825, together with Alexander Bestuzhev, he worked on the publication of the almanac " polar Star", and was also a member of the Masonic Lodge" To the Flaming Star ".
In 1822, Kondraty Fedorovich presented to the world a thought, which is dedicated to Ataman Yermak. It was partly set to music, and it turned into a song.
This idea is based on real historical events. The main character is a well-known character in history - a Cossack ataman, whose name is Ermak Timofeevich. He became famous for playing leading role in joining Siberia to Russian state. The annexation took place during the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the second half of the 16th century.
Yermak with his own army was constantly at war with Khan Kuchum, who did not want to submit to the Russian Tsar and pay tribute to Moscow. He wanted to lead Western Siberia and therefore he did not submit to anyone, and later he completely made a coup and executed his Muslim brothers, who agreed to accept Russian citizenship and pay a bribe to the winners.
Next in the thought is told how a large number of people died in the next battle between Yermak and Kuchum. Then Kuchum fled to the steppe, and Yermak, with the soldiers remaining after the battle, of which there were only 50 people, overcoming the path along the Irtysh, stopped for the night at the mouth of the river called Vagay.
At night, the Siberian Khan suddenly attacked the dormant Cossacks and killed many. Only a couple of people escaped.
The Cossack ataman, weighed down with two chain mail, where one of them was presented to him by the king, and the gun that he wore, rushed into the river. Thus, he wanted to get to the plows, but drowned. But, according to the Tatar legends, the hero Kutugay killed Ermak, wounding him in the throat with his spear.
The body of the ataman was pulled onto land by a fisherman of Tatar origin. A large number of murzas came from all over the neighborhood to look at Yermak's body. Among those present was even Kuchum. For several days, the Tatars shot the dead body of a courageous Russian warrior with a bow and merrily feasted, although later his remains were thrown away. According to witnesses, they lay for a whole month in the fresh air and did not deteriorate. After that, the Tatars, having removed all the clothes and equipment from the body in order to divide them among themselves, buried Cossack ataman in a noble place, which was located behind the Muslim cemetery. Or rather, in the village of Baishevo.
Literary analysis
Kondraty Fedorovich, inspired by the exploits Russian soldiers decided to dedicate his own thoughts to them. And so a thought arose telling about the death of the ataman. The author has researched ancient legends about the Russian warrior and learned that on the day of the death of the hero there was a powerful thunderstorm with a storm, and Yermak died in the waves of a violent river.
The poet begins his work with a description of that terrible night when nature itself frightens: the rain roars, the storm roars, the thunder constantly rumbles, lightnings fly in the gloom of the night, and the winds rage.
The thought describes how the pensive Yermak sits on the bank of the river, who, as if anticipating his own imminent death, thinks about life, about friends and about whether they lived their lives with dignity, since almost all Cossacks were desperate delinquents and thugs in the past who went to the service of the Russian Tsar. Main character absolutely does not condemn them, but on the contrary - admires their courage and valor. He expresses the opinion that they washed away all the atrocities in their lives with the blood of their opponents and even now they do not spare their own lives for the tsar and holy Russia.
In the thought, the fearless and courageous chieftain is opposed by the leader of the enemy camp Kuchum - a dangerous and dishonorable person who, afraid to directly engage in a duel with Yermak's squad, secretly crept up to them with his army and killed them all: the soldiers fell without even having time to draw their swords.
Death of a Warrior
Yermak rushes into the river, dressed in a heavy shell, which the tsar gave him, and drowns. Ryleev believes that it was the heavy equipment of the hero that led to his death. The river almost immediately swallowed up the courageous warrior. The hero died, he traded his own freedom and began to serve the autocracy. "Death of Yermak" Ryleev also ends with a description of the violent winds and thunders.
For the author of the verse, the problem of his own freedom is extremely important. To serve the tsar and to serve Russia are two different things for him. He admires the brave heroism of the ataman, as well as his service for the good of Russia, but he is against the fact that Yermak accepted an expensive present from the ruler, which led to his death.
Literature test Death of Ermak (K.F. Ryleev) with answers for students in grade 8. The test consists of 2 options, in option 1 there are 7 tasks, in option 2 there are 8 tasks.
The storm roared, the rain roared;
Lightning flew in the darkness
And the thunder roared incessantly,
And the winds raged in the wilds ...
To the glory of passion breathing,
In a country harsh and gloomy
On the wild bank of the Irtysh
Yermak sat, engulfed in thought.
Companions of his labors,
Victories and loud-sounding glory,
Among the spread tents
They slept carelessly near the oak forest.
“Oh, sleep, sleep,” the hero thought,
Friends, under a roaring storm;
With the dawn, my voice will be heard,
Calling for glory or death!
You need rest; sweet Dreams
And calm the brave in a storm;
In dreams he will remind glory
And the strength of the warriors will double.
Who did not spare his life
In robberies, mining gold,
Will he think about her
Dying for holy Russia?
Wash away with your own and enemy's blood
All the crimes of a wild life
And deserved for the victory
Blessings of the motherland, -
We cannot be afraid of death;
We have done our work:
Siberia conquered the king
And we did not live idly in the world!”
But his fatal fate
Already sat next to the hero
And looked with regret
At the victim with a curious look.
The storm roared, the rain roared,
Lightning flew in the darkness;
And the thunder roared incessantly,
And the winds raged in the wilds.
The Irtysh boiled in steep banks,
Gray waves were rising
And crumbled with a roar to dust,
Biya o breg Cossack boats.
With the leader, peace in the arms of sleep
The brave squad ate;
There is only one storm with Kuchum
I didn’t doze off at their death!
Fearing to fight with the hero,
Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief,
Sneaked through the secret path
Tatars surrounded by crowds.
Swords flashed in their hands -
And the valley bled
And fell formidable in battles,
Without drawing swords, squad ...
Yermak woke up from sleep
And, death in vain, tends to the waves,
Heart full of courage
But the boats are far from the shore!
Irtysh is more worried -
Yermak strains all his strength
And with a powerful hand his
Shafts gray cuts ...
Floats ... the shuttle is already close -
But the strength of fate yielded,
And, boiling more terrible, the river
The hero was swallowed up with a bang.
Depriving the strength of the hero
Fight the raging wave
Heavy shell - the gift of the king -
Became his death to blame.
The storm roared... suddenly the moon
The boiling Irtysh turned silver,
And the corpse, vomited by the wave,
In the copper armor lit up.
The clouds rolled in, the rain roared,
And the lightning still flashed
And the thunder still rumbled in the distance,
And the winds raged in the wilds.
1 option
1. Name the genre of the work.
2. What is the name of the repetition of the same consonant sounds in poetic speech in order to enhance its expressiveness: A storm roared, the rain rustled, lightning flew in the darkness, and thunder rumbled incessantly?
3. Write the name of the term denoting a hidden comparison: "Washing away all the crimes of a violent life with your own and the enemy's blood."
4. Indicate the name of the figurative and expressive means: "Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief, Sneaked along a secret path."
5. Name the hero of the works of oral folk art, to whom Yermak is likened.
6. What is the role of the description of nature in this work?
7. In what known to you literary works the hero dreams of exploits and glory?
Option 2
1. What events are depicted in the work?
2. What are the artistic definitions in the work called: “a harsh and gloomy country”, “wild coast”, “loud-sounding glory”?
3. Indicate the name of the artistic technique: the phrase "The storm roared ..." is used three times in the text.
4. What is the name of the means of allegorical expressiveness: "The storm did not sleep with Kuchum"?
5. Determine the size of the poem.
6. Who is to blame for the death of Yermak and his associates?
7. What brings this work closer to the works of oral folk art?
8. Can Ermak in the image of Ryleev be called a true hero? Justify your point of view.
Answers to the literature test Death of Yermak (K.F. Ryleev)
1 option
1. thought
2. alliteration
3. metaphor
4. comparison
5. hero
Option 2
1. 16
2. epithets
3. repeat
4. impersonation
5. iambic
Plan
Introduction
The thought "Death of Yermak" is based on real historical events.
Main part
Yermak is obsessed with thought:
a) reflections on one's own life and the life of comrades;
b) Yermak does not condemn comrades who have gone over to the service of the tsar.
Yermak is opposed to Kuchum.
Ermak's death.
Conclusion
The author, admiring the heroism of Yermak, does not agree that he accepted a gift from the king. In this, Ryleev sees the reason for the death of the hero.
Duma K.F. Ryleev "The Death of Yermak" is based on real historical events.
Cossack Ermak Timofeevich played important role in the annexation of Siberia to Russia in the era of Ivan the Terrible. He defeated the army of Khan Kuchum, but Kuchum himself fled to the steppes. At night, he unexpectedly attacked Yermak's camp, the Cossacks fought courageously, but they had to "yield to the strength and surprise of the blow." They were forced to flee, but there was only one way to escape: by swimming across the Irtysh. According to legend, there was a thunderstorm and a storm, and Yermak died in the waves of a stormy river.
K.F. Ryleev draws in his thought just such a situation - a terrible, stormy night:
The storm roared, the rain roared,
Lightning flew in the darkness
Thunder rumbled incessantly
And the winds raged in the wilds...
The author shows how “Yermak sat on the wild bank of the Irtysh, enveloped in thought,” while his soldiers slept. Ermak thinks about his life and his comrades, whether it was right. Many of his Cossacks are desperate people, in the past criminals who switched to the service of the tsar. But Yermak, and with him the author, does not condemn them, but, on the contrary, admires them. He believes that "all the crimes of a violent life" are washed away by the blood of enemies, and now these people do not spare their lives for more lofty goal- "For Holy Russia".
“... We cannot be afraid of death;
We have done our work:
Siberia conquered the king
And we - not idly in the world lived!
Yermak does not yet know that a terrible death awaits the heroes ahead: Kuchum's attack. The brave and courageous Cossack Kuchum is opposed as a low and vile person - he attacks on the sly.
Fearing to fight with the hero,
Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief,
Sneaked through the secret path...
In a terrible battle, Yermak's squad fell, and "without drawing their swords." Ermak swims along the raging river, straining his strength, but "the strength has yielded to fate." The author believes that the reason for the death of Yermak was "a heavy shell - a gift from the king." The hero died, exchanging his freedom for faithful service to the autocracy. For the Decembrist Ryleyev, the problem of personal freedom is especially important; serving the tsar and serving Russia are not the same thing for him. Admiring the heroism of Yermak, his service for the good of Russia, he does not agree that the hero accepted an expensive gift from the tsar and sees this as one of the reasons for his death.
The thought of K. F. Ryleev "Death of Yermak" is based on real historical events.
Cossack Ermak Timofeevich played an important role in the annexation of Siberia to Russia in the era of Ivan the Terrible. He defeated the army of Khan Kuchum, but Kuchum himself fled to the steppes. At night, he unexpectedly attacked Yermak's camp, the Cossacks fought courageously, but they had to "yield to the strength and surprise of the blow." They were forced to flee, but there was only one way to escape: by swimming across the Irtysh. According to legend, there was a thunderstorm and a storm, and Yermak died in the waves of a stormy river. K. F. Ryleev draws in his thought just such
The situation is a terrible, stormy night: A storm roared, the rain roared, Lightning flew in the darkness, Thunder rumbled incessantly, And the winds raged in the wilds ...
The author shows how “Yermak was sitting on the wild bank of the Irtysh, enveloped in thought”, while his soldiers were sleeping. Ermak thinks about his life and his comrades, whether it was right. Many of his Cossacks are desperate people, in the past criminals who switched to the service of the tsar. But Yermak, and with him the author, does not condemn them, but, on the contrary, admires them.
He believes that "all the crimes of violent life" are washed away by the blood of enemies, and now these people do not spare their lives for a higher goal - "for holy Russia"
.Yermak does not yet know that a terrible death awaits the heroes ahead: Kuchum's attack. The brave and courageous Cossack Kuchum is opposed as a low and vile person.
- He attacks sneakily. Fearing to enter into battle with the hero, Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief, Sneaked along a secret path ... In a terrible battle, Yermak's squad fell, and "without drawing their swords." Ermak swims along the raging river, straining his strength, but "the strength has yielded to fate."
The author believes that the reason for the death of Yermak was "a heavy shell - a gift from the king." The hero died, exchanging his freedom for faithful service to the autocracy. For the Decembrist Ryleyev, the problem of personal freedom is especially important; serving the tsar and serving Russia are not the same thing for him. Admiring the heroism of Yermak, his service for the good of Russia, he does not agree that the hero accepted an expensive gift from the tsar and sees this as one of the reasons for his death.
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