Automated complex for training the rules and norms of labor safety yagovkin nikolay germanovich. Training of workers on labor protection training from Mobile automated complex on labor protection
This Standard establishes the procedure for monitoring compliance with the norms, compliance with the requirements of the rules, instructions for labor protection, industrial and fire safety, labor safety standards at all stages of production activities.
The standard was developed in accordance with the Guidelines for the organization of three-stage control over the state of labor protection, taking into account the management structure of OAO Volga.
The standard applies to all structural units enterprises.
Designation: | STP 12.0213.004-2005 |
Russian name: | SWAT. Administrative and public control (AOK) for labor protection, industrial and fire safety. Order of conduct |
Status: | current |
Text update date: | 01.10.2008 |
Date added to database: | 01.02.2009 |
Date of entry into force: | 14.06.2005 |
Designed by: | OAO "Volga" |
Approved: | OAO "Volga" (14.06.2005) |
Published: | magazine "Handbook of labor protection specialist" № 2 2006 |
STP 12.0213.004-2005
ENTERPRISE STANDARD
SWOT. Administrative and public control (AOK) on labor protection, industrial and fire safety. Order of conduct
Approved
by order of the general director
OAO Volga
dated 14.06.05 No. 198
Date of introduction - from 14.06.05
This Standard establishes the procedure for monitoring compliance with the norms, compliance with the requirements of the rules, instructions for labor protection, industrial and fire safety, labor safety standards at all stages of production activities.
The standard was developed in accordance with the Methodological Recommendations for the organization of a three-stage control over the state of labor protection, taking into account the management structure of OAO Volga.
The standard applies to all structural divisions of the enterprise.
1. General Provisions
1.1.. Administrative and public control on labor protection, industrial and fire safety, along with operational control carried out by the head of work and other officials; control carried out by the labor protection, industrial and fire safety service of the enterprise; the control exercised by state supervision and control bodies is the main type of control exercised by the administration of the enterprise together with the trade union organization (represented by representatives of its elected bodies), over the state of working conditions and safety at workplaces, production sites, in workshops, as well as over compliance with all services, officials and employees of the requirements of labor legislation, labor protection legislation, labor safety standards, rules, norms, instructions and other regulatory acts on labor protection, industrial and fire safety.
1.2. The purpose of administrative and public control is to identify shortcomings in the field of labor protection, industrial and fire safety at all stages of production activities, their timely elimination, analysis of the causes and development of measures to prevent their recurrence.
1.3. Administrative and public control does not replace or cancel other types of control (control carried out by officials in accordance with their official duties, as well as public control carried out by a trade union represented by its elected bodies and labor protection representatives).
1.4. Administrative and public control is carried out at three levels (in three stages):
At the site level (shift, laboratory, warehouse) - the first step;
At the level of the workshop (department, service) - the second stage;
At the enterprise level - the third step.
2. The first stage of administrative and public control
2.1. The first stage of control is carried out by the head of the relevant section (foreman, head of the section, shift supervisor, etc.) and the authorized person for labor protection at this section.
2.2. The head of the site, together with the authorized representative for labor protection, daily (every shift during shift work) at the beginning of work checks the condition of workplaces at their site (maintenance of passages, territories); serviceability of equipment, tools, fixtures; availability and serviceability of fences; operation of ventilation installations and dust and gas trapping devices; illumination of workplaces and passageways; availability and serviceability of primary fire extinguishing means; the presence of the necessary instructions at the workplace and immediately take measures to eliminate the identified deficiencies.
If the shortcomings cannot be eliminated immediately by the site workers, measures are taken to prevent workers from entering the danger zone (if necessary, when there is a real threat to the safety of life and health of personnel, by stopping the faulty equipment) and report to the workshop management.
On the results of the inspection, the inspectors make appropriate entries in a special journal of administrative and public control on labor protection (the journals must be numbered and laced).
2.3. During the working shift, the head of the site and the commissioner for labor protection monitor compliance by employees with instructions on labor protection, industrial and fire safety; timely cleaning of production waste and finished products, preventing clutter and cluttering of workplaces, passages and driveways; availability and correct use of overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment, safety and blocking devices.
2.4. If employees fail to comply with safe work practices or labor protection requirements, industrial and fire safety, the head of the site suspends the work and conducts an unscheduled briefing to the violator with an entry in the briefing log. The name of the violator, the violations committed by him and the measures taken are recorded in the journal of administrative and public control.
2.5. The head of the workshop (department) daily reviews the entries in the journal of administrative and public control, appoints responsible persons for eliminating the shortcomings noted in the journal, determines and controls the timing of their elimination, and takes measures to blame persons.
3. The second stage of administrative and public control
3.1. The head of the shop (department) with the chairman of the trade union committee of the unit or the senior commissioner for labor protection, with the involvement of shop specialists (mechanic, power engineer, technologist, etc.) and the inspector of the State Fire Supervision (22-PC), at least once a week, commission a targeted check of the state of labor protection, industrial and fire safety in the workshop.
3.2. When checking, the commission controls the proper maintenance and safe operation of production and auxiliary premises, structures, equipment, tools, inventory, transport and lifting equipment, pressure vessels, safety and blocking devices; proper organization of workplaces; safe storage, transportation and use of poisonous, caustic and explosive substances; availability and serviceability of primary fire extinguishing means; timeliness and completeness of training and briefing of employees on labor protection, industrial and fire safety; provision and use by employees of overalls, special footwear, necessary means of individual and collective protection; sufficiency and proper operation of sanitary facilities and drinking water supply, ventilation installations and dust and gas trapping devices.
3.3. During the second stage of control, the effectiveness of the administrative and public control of the first stage is analyzed, the timeliness of eliminating the shortcomings identified during previous inspections is controlled, and the attitude of the responsible officials of the shop (department) to the issues of labor protection, industrial and fire safety is assessed with the adoption, if necessary, appropriate measures.
4. The third stage of administrative and public control
4.1. The third stage of administrative and public control is carried out monthly in 4-6 divisions of the enterprise according to the schedule approved CEO OAO "Volga" and agreed with the trade union committee of the enterprise.
4.2. Control is carried out on a commission basis under the leadership of the department (deputy), to which the relevant unit is subordinate. The head of the technical department takes part in the work of the commission for checking paper shops, DPC, DMC, TMM shop.
4.3. The commission consists of chief specialists, representatives of the labor protection service, industrial and fire safety, the trade union committee of the enterprise and the senior inspector (inspector) of the State Fire Supervision Service (22-PC).
4.4. During the third stage of control, the following is checked:
Organization and results of the work of the first and second stages of control;
elimination of deficiencies identified during previous inspections;
Execution of orders for the enterprise, decisions of the trade union committee of OAO "Volga" on labor protection issues;
Fulfillment of instructions of state supervision and control bodies;
Implementation of measures provided for by the collective agreement, the agreement on labor protection, acts of investigation of accidents at work, incidents and accidents;
Certification of the sanitary and technical condition and working conditions in the workshop;
Technical condition and maintenance of buildings, structures, premises of workshops and territories adjacent to them; compliance with their regulatory and technical requirements for labor protection, industrial and fire safety; condition of roads, tunnels, passages and galleries;
Compliance with technological, lifting, transport, energy and other equipment regulatory requirements on labor protection, industrial and fire safety;
Efficiency of supply and exhaust ventilation, dust and gas trapping devices;
Implementation of schedules for preventive maintenance of equipment, availability of communication schemes and connection of power equipment;
Availability and serviceability of primary fire extinguishing means;
Provision of workers with personal protective equipment, sanitary facilities and devices;
The state of visual agitation on labor protection, industrial and fire safety; organizing and conducting training and briefings for employees on labor protection, industrial and fire safety;
Preparedness of personnel to work in emergency conditions;
Compliance with the established regime of work and rest, labor discipline.
4.5. The results of the audit are documented in an act-prescription (having the force of an order) indicating the deadlines for eliminating the identified deficiencies.
Designed by:
chief industrial engineer
and fire safety
E.G. SHMELEV
I. Industrial injuries and the state of training in the rules and norms of labor safety.
II. Theoretical basis training in the rules and norms of labor safety.
2.1. Classification of techniques and methods of teaching.
2.2. Intellectual teaching aids.
2.3 The structure of the training system.
2.4. Knowledge representation in the knowledge base and decision-making technique.
2.5. Building an inference engine.
2.6. Material means of education.4U
2.7. Requirements for building a software package.
2.8. Communities composition and structure of the software package.
III. Structural diagram and principles of formation of the initial parameters of the training system for the rules and norms of labor safety.1L
3.1. Structure and parameters of the system model as a learning object.
3.2 Ways to describe the structure of the learning system.1h
3.3 Method for choosing the optimal strategy of the training system.
3.4. The learner model.
3.5. The criterion for the effectiveness of the functioning of the training system.
IV. Automated training complex for the rules and norms of labor safety.
4.1. Structure of the complex.
4.2. Information retrieval system for normative and technical documentation.
4.3. Knowledge control system with learning elements.!
4.4. Subsystem for monitoring the timing of verification and quality of knowledge.1U (»
4.5. Occupational safety training business game
Recommended list of dissertations
Designing technology for training on labor safety issues at the enterprise 2000, candidate of pedagogical sciences Bondareva, Elena Arturovna
Development of a method for determining the socio-economic efficiency of measures to ensure life safety in a university 1999, candidate of economic sciences Galkina, Elena Evgenievna
Improvement of methods for ensuring electrical safety of agricultural production 2005, Doctor of Technical Sciences Khalin, Evgeny Vasilievich
Improving the system of ensuring labor safety in aviation enterprises based on probabilistic models of information flows and the use of computer tools 2002, candidate of technical sciences Makeeva, Tatyana Ivanovna
Methods and models of information support for safety management in the operation of electrical installations 2006, candidate of technical sciences Oreshkov, Vladislav Vitalievich
Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Automated complex for training the rules and norms of labor safety"
The urgency of the problem. In 1993, despite a sharp decline in production and a reduction in working hours, 340,000 people were injured in the country, including 7,600 who died and 13,800 became disabled. In relative terms, this is significantly higher than in most developed countries. According to the State Statistics Committee, with a "50% decline in production and a 2/3 reduction in capital investments. the number of victims decreased by only 5%, and the number of fatal injuries increased.
Therefore, the task of improving working conditions and labor protection is not only not removed from the agenda, but is becoming more and more urgent. It is solved by improving the "man-machine-environment" system. Man is its central link, because. as a result of his inadequate actions, 50 to 95% of all accidents occur.
One of the main reasons for such actions is insufficient staff training. This is explained by the fact that modern production requires complex practical skills, especially in emergency and emergency situations, when performing high-risk work (mining, oil and other industries), the acquisition and assimilation of which requires knowledge of a large number of provisions from the normative and technical documentation.
The organization of training for all categories of workers in the rules and norms of labor safety is regulated by the standard. However, it does not provide any methods. In turn, there are a significant number modern methods, but they do not take into account the specifics of occupational safety training. Therefore, it is required, on the basis of modern methods, to create a methodology for teaching the rules and norms of labor safety and thus, due to the quality of personnel training, to stabilize, and subsequently improve the state of labor protection.
The purpose of the work is to develop an automated training complex for the rules and norms of labor safety, taking into account the nTuGorshS personnel, their qualifications, forms of training, the content of the material being studied, etc. To achieve this goal, the following scientific tasks are solved:
Creation of a methodology for assessing the impact of personnel training on the occurrence of the causes of an accident;
Creation of a methodology for determining the sequence of study educational material based on the development of a mathematical model "of the formation of a learning strategy; development of a methodology for determining the optimal amount of educational material based on the creation of a student model;
Development of methods for automated 065 "learning and control of knowledge by trainees, as well as assessing the degree of assimilation of educational material.
Research methods. The research was carried out using probability theories, mathematical statistics, matrices, graphs, differential calculus, expert systems, database systems; methods - mathematical analysis, mathematical modeling, analysis of complex systems based on their representation in the form of reduced disjunctive normal forms, representation of the object under study in the form of a two-mode control object, approximate calculations, computer simulation.
Scientific novelty lies in the developed principles, models and methods for assessing the impact of staff preparedness on the likelihood of its inadequate actions; mathematical models for determining the level of preparedness of personnel and their training programs; creation of a training complex based on the developed models using computer technology.
The following main scientific provisions are submitted for defense:
The structure and principles of creating an intelligent automated system for teaching the rules and norms of labor safety;
A method for choosing the order of presentation and the volume of educational material based on the use of a mathematical model of the learning strategy that uses the representation of the learning system in the form of reduced disjunctive normal forms (abbr. d.n.f.); a method for assessing the individual abilities of a student based on the use of a model representing him in the form of a two-pronged control object, the mode of operation of which is determined by the nature of the process of assimilation or knowledge control (the processes under study are described in the form differential equations with undefined coefficients).
practical value. Driven by a reduction in injury rates by improving the quality of training achieved through the use of an individual approach, generalization of best practices and wide opportunities for independent work trainees.
Work implementation. The work was carried out within the framework of topic 01.28 "Develop a regulatory, legal and program-information base for professional selection, training and certification of personnel at fuel and energy complex enterprises" on the basis of Decision N8 / 8 of September 30, 1992 of the Board of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy and Gosgortekhnadzor "On the state of safety and labor protection at fuel and energy enterprises" .
The main results of the research are reflected in the developed automated training complex, implemented at a number of enterprises of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy and consisting of the following parts: information retrieval system for regulatory and technical documentation; knowledge control systems with learning elements;
Subsystems for monitoring the timing of verification and quality of knowledge;
The business game of controlling the level of assimilation of the material in the collective training of personnel.
Approbation of work. The main provisions of the dissertation were reported and discussed at: the school-seminar on life safety "Poisk-92", Moscow, 1992;
Interuniversity scientific-practical conference with international participation dedicated to the 20th anniversary of SamIIT "For the technical process at railways", Samara, 1993; US State Scientific and Methodological Conference "New Educational Systems and Technologies", Samara, 1993; All-Russian Scientific and Methodological Conference "Integrated Systems of Lifelong Education", Samara, 1994; scientific and methodological conference based on the results of scientific - methodological work dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the university "Experience and problems of practical implementation of a multi-level education system", Samara, 1995;
International scientific conference "Problems of safety of railway transport", Novosibirsk, 1995; International Symposium "Ecology and Life Safety, Scientific and Applied Aspects, Engineering Solutions" within the framework of the International Congress "Ecology, Life, Health", Volgograd, 1996;
International Scientific and Methodological Conference "Problems of Security and continuing education on ecology and Belarusian Railways", St. Petersburg, 1996.
I. OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND STATE OF LABOR SAFETY TRAINING
In order to substantiate the need to improve the quality of staff training in knowledge of the rules and norms of labor protection, its relationship with the level of injuries, both general and severe and fatal, was analyzed. The research was carried out using statistical materials for the Samara region, which is a typical representative of a highly industrialized, multifaceted region of the country.
The population of the region is about 3.5 million people, of which, according to "iTf! 403" ù, they are employed directly in industry. There are enterprises in almost all sectors of the national economy high level concentration: one tenth of enterprises concentrates two-thirds of all employees and three-quarters of output. Many associations, such as JSC "AvtoVAZ", the metallurgical plant JSC "SAMEKO" and others, are the largest countries. It has over 40,000 small businesses that carry out almost all types of activities. There is currently some decline in production. So, if in 1990 1587 thousand people were employed in the industry, then in 1993 - 1288 thousand people.
The main trends in the change in injuries over time were obtained as a result of the analysis of general injuries, as well as those with severe and fatal outcomes.
Table 1.1 shows data on the number of victims of severe and fatal accidents per 10,000 employees for the period 1977-1993.
Ti^ttips" f I -
1 U A.L » L^V», » « »
Year 77 78 79 80 81 K? one
Number of casualties per 10,000 employees 1.44 1.18 1.16 1.29 1.10 1.P 1
Continuation of table i. i
Year Number of victims per 10,000 employees 83 1.14 84 1.08 85 1.44 86 1.28 87 | in 1 1 1.09 | 1.14 1i
Year 89 90 91 92 91 q/1 Y 1
Number of victims per 10,000 employees 0.86 0.84 1.13 1.10 1 t? eighteen
To identify the dynamics of changes in the number of victims, we will use the method of parabolic interpolation of statistical material (Table 1.1) according to the method least squares as best suited to the task at hand. In this case, it is necessary to find a function f(x) that is as close as possible to the original function F(x). Its values are the number of victims per 10,000 workers, and the value x=year-1977 is used as an argument, the zero value of which corresponds to the origin. The value of x varies from 0 to 17, which corresponds to the years from 1977 to 1994. The function f (x) is given as follows: f (x) \u003d a-x "+b-x + ct (l.i) more a, b and c are the desired parameters that determine the function Γ(x).
According to 2 = I!,
H ■ i / 1 yt = FM.
N is the number of measurement points.
Using the substitution (1.1) in (1.2) we obtain: 2c-|;[y,] + £[V] + 2ab ■ ¿[x, 3] + b! X[,"] + 2ac X[,"] +"
The best (in the indicated sense) values of the parameters a, b and c are determined by solving a system of equations:
BBB Ea dZ Eb ez
Taking the partial derivatives of E (using (1.3)) with respect to the parameters a; b and d. we get:
EZ M 7 14 4 m » M 2
2-Hul" + 2a-Xx, + 2b-X< + 2с-Хх, >
1=1 1=1 ¡=1 n a.e) d) 5> N m m ~~2 "X Y, - + 2a ■ + 2b ■ Xx * + 2c N. 1 1
Using (1.5), the system of equations (1.4) is transformed as follows:
Xx * + b-Xx / + c-2xG \u003d Hul "
1 1=1 1=1 1=1 n n t n n a ■ n
1=1 a-Xx/CH-¿x,+c^ = XY1
1 \u003d 1 4 y "% and. Y ^
This system of equations is linear. In matrix notation, it has the following form:
xx<2 Хл ¿=1 ¿=1
1 pt v1" > >
Solving the system of equations (1.7) (for example, by converting the left side of the matrix to the diagonal form ) the desired values of the parameters a are determined. b and s. By substituting their values into (1.1), the interpolating function Г(х) is found. Substituting the values from table 1.1 into (1.7) we have:
327369 23403 1785 1988.64
23403 1785 153 171.54 p. I) /
1785 153 18 20,82
After transformation to diagonal)" form:
Thus, the desired function Xx) has the following form:
Kx) = 0.00151-x2 - 0.03676-x +1.31997, (1.10) wx=year-1977.
Information on general injuries for the period 1977-1993 is also taken from statistical reporting data and is given in table 1.2. Data from forms 7TVN and, later, 7T, as well as materials from investigations of serious and fatal accidents with the number of victims of 2737 years from 1977 to 1993 were used.
Table 2
N Name 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 p/n
1 Number of injuries per 1000 6.1 5.5 5.3 5.2 6.0 5.9 5.75 5.3 g g
2 employees Number of days of incapacity for work per 1 employee 22.5 22.3 22.9 23.0 22.7 24.5 19.0 20.6
3 Machine related reasons, % 28 26 26 24 25 24 22 21 20
4 Reasons for organizational- 42 39 25 41 38 36 34 36 L U
5 of a different nature Including learning disabilities 5 7 7 4 8 7 10 12 5
6 Number of victims of severe and fatal accidents 201 165 163 180 154 161 160 151 227
7 Human-related causes 91.5 90.3 90.8 91.2 90.3 91.3 92.5 93.4 92.6
8 Of which organizational reasons 64.6 63.0 60.1 65.5 60.9 52.8 54.4
9 Including learning disabilities 4 6 6.5 7 8 5.6 7 10 3 "
10 Including in the first year of operation 21 14 13 16 34 18 27 24 47
N Name 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 p/p
1 Number of injuries per 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.36 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.9
2 1000 workers Number of days of incapacity for work per 1 worker 21.3 21 19.2 18.6 16.7 17.4 13.1
3 Causes related to the machine, % 23 16 19 23 25
4 Reasons 47 34 41 28 31 - - organizational
5 of a different nature Including learning disabilities 12 7 9 7 * 12 - -
6 Number of victims of severe and fatal accidents 160 153 141 120 125 167 151 158
7 Human-related causes 95.3 93.2 94.6 91.0 93.6 90.1 88.4 94.2
8 1 Of which organizational reasons 61.3 58.4 67.0 64.4 68.5 71.3 56.6
1 o 1 1 1 O TLI 1111G.TTL PL deficiencies in l ^ u ^ nnn 2 7.5 8.4 9.1 6.9 p -■> o t A "1 V. 1
10 Including in the first year of operation 21 19 28 26 19 17 23 14
The analysis of statistical materials was carried out in the same way as in the previous case.
Substituting the values from Table 1.2 into (1.7), we have for the number of injuries per 1000 workers and the number of days of disability per 1 worker, respectively:
243848 18496 1496 798194
18496 1496 136 732.52 /1 ml
1496 136 17 93.21
243848 18496 1496 28400.5
18496 1496 136 2652.9 4 i. eleven)
After transformation to a diagonal form, we have for the number of injuries per 1000 workers (1.13) and the number of days of disability per 1 worker (1.14):
0 1 0 -0.011435 / 1 1
Thus, the desired function f(x) has the following form for the number of injuries per 1000 workers (1.15) and the number of days of disability per 1 worker (1.16): f(x) = -0.001302 x2 - 0.011435 ■ x + 5.688929, (And f( .x) = -0.005948 ■ x2 - 0.265462 x + 23234848, (U6) nix=year-1977.
The normalized (with respect to the maximum value of each parameter) calculation results are shown in Figs. 1.1.
The results of calculating the parameters a, b and c for other rows of table i.2 are shown in table 1.3, and the graphs of interpolating functions (for normalized values) are shown in fig. 1.2.
From the analysis of the graphs (Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2) it follows that the number of injuries, despite the decline in production, remains at the same level, which actually indicates an increase in injuries. The severity of injuries has been on the rise in recent years. Therefore, urgent measures are required to reduce it.
To identify the share of insufficient preparedness of personnel in the number of causes of an accident, we will use the statistical processing of the data in Table 1.2 based on correlation and regression analysis.
1 - the number of victims per 10,000 workers
2- number of injuries per 1000 workers
3- number of days of incapacity for work per 1 worker
T p ^ TTT" 1TP I ^ 1 CULIC I ^
N p / p Name a ■k and L V "
1 2 Number of injuries per 1000 workers Number of days of disability per 1 worker -0.00022 -0.00024 -0.00184 -0.01094 0.93253
3 4 5 Causes related to the machine Causes of an organizational nature Including deficiencies in training 0.00370 -0.00161 -0.00178 -0.06492 0.01561 0.04983 1.02685
6 7 8 9 10 Number of victims of severe and fatal accidents Causes related to a person Including organizational reasons Including deficiencies in training Including in the first year of work 0.02006 0.07280 L OLOL/- i.oioio l all11 \JeJ~t~T1 1 l "0000 0.55541 0 44
77 78 7c 80 81 82 83 84 86 86 87 88 89 90 91 92
1- reasons related to the car
2- organizational reasons
3- including learning disabilities
4- the number of victims in severe and fatal accidents
5- human related reasons
6 of them are organizational reasons
7- including learning disabilities
8- including in the first year of operation
Let us calculate the pair correlation coefficients r using the formula (1.17): y=1/1 174 r = --,
X., Y - parameters; N is the number of measurements; x =
X -, N n XX y N
Table 1.4 shows the correlation coefficients r between the number of injuries per 1000 workers (T) and the number of days of disability per 1 worker (D) with the causes of accidents associated with the machine, organizational reasons, including training deficiencies. The value of and is also given:
G T 4 Gl-7 "and =1 - VI - r2, which is an index of the predictive value of the correlation coefficient that determines the percentage of variation of the parameter of interest to us, which can be predicted based on the change in the value of another parameter.
Table 1.5 is built on the same principle, reflecting the relationship between the number of victims of severe and fatal accidents with human-related causes, organizational reasons, deficiencies in training and in the first year of work.
The numbering in tables 1.3 and 1.4 is the same as the numbering in table 1.2. t / g « l
N p / p Name Correlation coefficient with T GT 1- Correlation coefficient with D GD 1
3 Reasons 0.48 0.1206 0.29 0.0429 related to the car
4 Reasons 0 0 0.49 L<л и. 1 Z^^♦0 организаци- оного характера
1 N I Including 0.09 0.0039 -0.62 P "> 1 7.1 and 1 1 shortcomings in
1 training
Table 1.5
N p / p Name Correlation coefficient with the number of victims in severe and fatal cases d. 1. 1 - V I - d "
7 Human-related causes -0.09 0.004
8 Of these, organizational reasons -0.36 0.06X7
9 Including deficiencies in -0.61 training
10 Including in the first year of operation 0.07 l li i.chi^
From the analysis of tables 1.4 and 1.5, it follows that human-related causes, including training-related causes, are correlated with the number of injuries per 1000 workers and the number of days of disability per 1 worker, as well as with the number of victims of severe and fatal accidents. ranging from 9 to 61%, and there is a tendency for the correlation to increase with an increase in the severity of the accident.
However, the correlation coefficient does not allow in an explicit form to assess the relationship between insufficient preparedness of personnel and the causes of an accident, but only to reveal that such a relationship exists and it is very significant.
The given statistics (Table 1.2) often speaks only of the formal side of the question. Therefore, to identify the role of staff preparedness, it is necessary to consider the interaction of factors that determine inappropriate human behavior.
Safety system model From the point of view of taking into account the learning factor, there are two main approaches to the analysis of the mechanism of accident formation. Firstly, it is possible to determine which consecutive series of events leads to inappropriate behavior and, consequently, to injuries, and, secondly, which events influence these events. In this regard, step-type models can be considered, suitable for obtaining the required information.
In the man-machine-environment (HMS) system, deficiencies in the substation are determined by the "man" element - its inadequate behavior, therefore, it is necessary to consider the interaction of factors that determine the inadequate behavior of a person. The block diagram of the interaction of factors is shown in fig. 1.3.
Human actions that lead to the creation of a traumatic situation are considered as a consequence of his inadequate behavior, the complexity of which lies in the need for timely detection of danger, diagnosis and selection of an adequate response. shSTSrsh ) that determine the level of injury hazard, are associated with the quantity, quality and speed of the information received (informational), the state of human performance, as well as the degree of training in safe working methods, the level of control over the production of work, the availability, use and quality of personal protective equipment, the use of various stspsnk dangers of labor methods (organizational).
Factors that determine the level of danger chk
Information \ Work-Related Features ✓ Organizational
Beaueloant reflexes are self-preserved
Psychophysiological qualities and properties
Professional skills and abilities
Protective factors
Labor motives and its safety
Protective factors include unconditioned self-preservation reflexes, psychological qualities and conditions, professional skills and abilities, labor motives and its safety. Unconditioned reflexes are understood as the reliability of the functioning of the human body due to structural redundancy and the biological ability to counteract danger. Psychological qualities and states are manifested in sensitivity to the detection of danger signals, speed response capabilities, etc. Professional properties and experience are understood as the ability to solve tasks safely. The level of motivation to ensure safe working conditions for different people in different situations is not the same. One of the factors determining it is the state of staff training.
The mechanism of functioning of protective factors is structurally presented in the form of a "sequential" model depicting a number of situations leading either to an accident or to its prevention, depending on the perception and awareness of the danger, the decision made and the actions of a person (Fig. 1.4) .
Each of the stages represents the specific components of behavior inherent in the personality of the worker. Hence it follows that man must be trained:
Correct perception of information; the ability to quickly and efficiently process information; the ability to make the right decisions;
The right actions in the right order.
Lack of this knowledge and skills can lead to:
Violation of the established course and parameters of the technological process;
Improper use of equipment, fixtures, tools, materials; the use of hazardous labor practices;
Non-use of personal protective equipment;
Lack of control over the production process;
Violation of work and rest regimes; unsatisfactory content of jobs;
etc., which may cause an accident.
A block diagram that determines the relationship of factors affecting the level of danger, depending on the preparedness of personnel with professional skills and abilities, is shown in fig. 1.5.
Presence, dangerous circumstances
Play] spot of danger
Sensory perception
Oso, knowledge of the danger
Data processing
The decision to avoid
Directional, behavior
Ability to avoid
Anthropometric and biomechanical data, dexterity and practice of movements hb-M^ hb "h) /"
Radiance
Dv about radiance
accident
Accident prevention
Factors affecting the level of danger depending on the preparedness of personnel
Violation of process parameters.
Improper use of equipment, fixtures, tools, materials
The use of hazardous work practices.
Non-use of personal protective equipment
Lack of control over the production process
Violation of work and rest regimes
Unsatisfactory maintenance of workplaces
Timely smallpox? knowledge test
High quality material taught
Material Compliance
KVELIFIKE-TSI of the student
Compliance of the material with the tasks
Teaching methodology corresponding to the volume, level of knowledge of the student
Factors that determine professional skills and abilities
This flowchart was used to quantify the impact of personnel training on the occurrence of potential causes of an accident using an effective and descriptive fault tree method. The essence of the method is reduced to decomposition (analysis) or construction (synthesis) of the main adverse event into a number of primary, secondary, etc. events built taking into account cause-and-effect relationships. Each event is expressed by logical operations "AND" (successive chain of events) to "PLI" (possibility of occurrence of any of the independent events).
The fault tree for assessing the occurrence of an accident, depending on the training of the personnel, is shown in Figure 1.6.
Let's carry out a quantitative analysis of the fault tree. Let us designate the shortcomings in personnel training as event A. an accident - event B. Then the problem is reduced to determining the conditional probability P (A / B), which is calculated as follows:
" P(B) (1.19) where
P(A l B) - the probability that the event A and B will occur; P(B) - probability of event B.
An accident (event B) is determined by n - independent factors
B, B2,., Vya, the first of which, B2.B, may occur due to shortcomings in training. The probability of an event B is found by the union of the probabilities of events, B¿. Vp according to the "or" scheme according to the formula: p (B) \u003d 1-pa-P (b,) \u003e.
Accident
Factors" that may arise due to deficiencies in training
Factors ■"that cannot arise due to deficiencies in training
Violation of the parameters of the ■kagezlogochek process
Improper use of equipment, fixtures, tools, materials
Lack of control over. production process I
The use of hazardous labor practices
Breaking the river seam of work and rest
Failure to use personal protective equipment I
Unsatisfactory content of jobs
1 - reasons associated with learning disabilities
2 - other reasons
The probability of an event P(A l B) is determined as follows;
P(A l B) = P((A, a B,) v (A2 l B2).v(A4 a BJ v (Ab+1 a B1+1). v(An a B.)) = 1 - PO ~ P (A, a B,)) ° "2!) 1 where
P(A V B) is the probability that event A or B will occur.
Since the factors Bi+1,. ,B„ cannot occur as a result of shortcomings in learning (events A. and B. are incompatible for i>k), then :
Р(А. l В.) = 0 for i>k. (1.22)
Hence it follows that
P (A A B) \u003d 1 - P (1 - P (A. a B,)). "2-) i=i
The probability P(A a B.) is defined as follows:
P(A A B() = P(B. A A.) = P(B.) P(A. / B.). 0-24)
Denoting P(B.) as p., P(A. / B.) as p. , P(D/V) as P, as a result we get:
M-ppj p=-a-. where
P-probability of deficiencies in training in the event of an accident (that is, the proportion of accidents that occur due to deficiencies in training); p. is the probability of occurrence of the 1st factor that determines the accident; R. - the probability of deficiencies in training when the 1st factor occurs (that is, the proportion of the occurrence of the ¡th factor that occurred due to deficiencies in training).
In accordance with fig. 1.6: p., - the probability of violation of the parameters of the technological process, leading to an accident; / p1 - the probability of insufficient preparation, leading to disruption of the technological process; p2 is the probability of using hazardous labor practices leading to an accident; p, - the probability of insufficient training, leading to the use of hazardous labor practices; p3 is the probability of non-use of personal protective equipment, leading to an accident;
Pz - the probability of insufficient training, leading to the non-use of personal protective equipment; p4 - probability of violation of work and rest regimes, leading to an accident; / p4 - probability of insufficient training, leading to violation of work and rest regimes; p5 - probability of unsatisfactory maintenance of jobs leading to an accident; / p5 - probability of insufficient training , leading to unsatisfactory maintenance of workplaces, p6 - the probability of malfunction of equipment, devices, materials leading to an accident, / p - the probability of insufficient training, leading to a malfunction of equipment, devices, materials;
I p7-probability of lack of control over production, leading to an accident; / p7 - the probability of insufficient training, leading to a lack of control over production; ra is the probability of occurrence of other factors leading to an accident.
By setting these values according to [B] (Table 1.6), we estimate the desired probability of deficiencies in training in the event of an accident P.
P = 0.059 - 0.234, which is in line with the actual results (Table 1.2).
1 and 1
1 0.0005-0.001 0.1-0.25
0.0005-0.001 0.1-0.25
3 0.0005-0.001 0.1-0.25
4 0.0005-0.001 0.1-0.25
5 0.0005-0.001 0.1-0.25
6 0.0005-0.001 0.1-0.25
7 8 0.0005-0.001 0.00025-0.005 0.1-0.25
In this way:
In the context of changed political and economic conditions, injuries (on the example of the Samara region) remain quite high; in to a large extent it depends on the preparedness of personnel on labor safety issues, both directly involved in production and organizing the performance of work;
Injuries, depending on the preparedness of personnel, can range from 5.9 to 23.4% of total number accidents;
To reduce the number of accidents in terms of personnel training, it is necessary to analyze the methods and methods of training and make appropriate adjustments to this process on this basis.
II. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING RULES AND NORMS
WORK SAFETY
To build an automated complex, it is necessary to analyze the existing teaching methods and techniques, on this basis to model the activity of the teacher and form the main functions of the automated learning system.
Similar theses in the specialty "Labor protection (by industry)", 05.26.01 VAK code
Prevention of industrial injuries when performing work with increased safety requirements on the basis of an automated computer simulator-simulator: On the example of railway transport 2006, candidate of technical sciences Ryzhova, Elena Lvovna
Technology for the construction of buildings for residential and civil purposes, optimized by the criterion of reducing the risk of industrial injuries: In relation to the conditions typical for the Tomsk region 1999, Candidate of Technical Sciences Gerasimova, Olga Olegovna
Research and improvement of labor protection during the restructuring of coal enterprises in Primorsky Krai 1998, Doctor of Technical Sciences Vasyanovich, Anatoly Makarovich
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Dissertation conclusion on the topic "Labor protection (by industry)", Yagovkin, Nikolai Germanovich
1. In the context of changed political and economic conditions, injuries (on the example of the Samara region) remain quite high. To a large extent, it depends on the preparedness of personnel on labor safety issues (based on the analysis of statistical data and the developed model for the formation of inadequate human actions, it is calculated that it ranges from 6 to 23% of the total number of accidents), which requires the creation scientific foundations training in labor safety issues.
2. As a result of the synthesis of the learning object, the structure and parameters of the model of the system as an object were obtained, which made it possible to use mathematical modeling methods to select the optimal learning strategy and build a student model
3. A mathematical model of the learning strategy and system of representation of the learning system in the form of abbreviated disjunctive normal forms has been developed, which allows choosing the most important for learning from a large amount of educational material, as well as the order of studying various topics and educational issues.
4. A mathematical model of a student has been developed, representing him in the form of a two-mode control object, the mode of operation of which is determined by the nature of the process of mastering or controlling knowledge and described in the form of differential equations with uncertain coefficients, which, based on the analysis of individual properties (level of training, ability to master s^ teaching material, etc.) create a separate training program for each student.
5. A real set of training in the rules and norms of labor safety has been created, which makes it possible to carry out automated training of engineering and technical personnel and operational personnel and, on this basis, reduce training time, free up staff of teachers, quickly change the training program when new regulatory and technical documents appear.
6. The complex has been introduced in the system of enterprises of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, as a result of which the efficiency of training, the level of personnel training have been increased, control over the timing and quality of training has been improved, which has a social effect. The developed methods and teaching methods are used in teaching the course "Life Safety" at SamSTU. They can be used in teaching other disciplines. The developed mathematical models and techniques make it possible to further improve the automated complex.
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Real learning
In occupational safety classes you will learn:
- basics of OT management in production;
- how to ensure the safety of production activities;
- ensuring the requirements of OT and issues related to it;
- methodology for organizing training on labor protection in the workplace;
- subtleties of social protection of those who suffered at work.
It is worth remembering that the management of the organization and production specialists are required to undergo OT training at least once every 3 years. However, employers have the opportunity to create personal labor protection commissions, which is regulated by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Art. 218. Members of the commission are trained according to an expanded program, after which they have the right to conduct training on labor protection in the workplace on their own.
Who should be trained in occupational health and safety?
Our center offers OT training courses that comply with the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated 01/13/2003 No. 1/29 on the sequence of training and testing knowledge of OT employees of organizations.
Compulsory education includes:
- management personnel of organizations and departments;
- employees who are responsible for labor protection;
- members of the commission for the protection and assessment of working conditions;
- managers and specialists responsible for organizing and performing work on the ground, exercising technical supervision and control;
- authorized persons of trade unions and other organizations that represent the interests of employees of organizations.
We are professionals! Every year in our organization more than 2000 people are trained throughout Russia (according to the labor protection program). The teachers of our center regularly improve their knowledge in organizations controlled by the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. OSH programs used by our specialists are constantly upgraded in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation.
We use modern remote educational technologies, which allow students to receive training on the job, being anywhere in Russia and the world.
We have all permits for training and have a license from the Moscow Department of Education.
How is OT training going? Our center offers full training OT in just 40 hours. But since the specifics of the work of enterprises are different, our specialists will help you choose the best course and amount of information that will correspond to the activities of your organization. In this case, you have the right to choose the most convenient way of learning:
- remote;
- with the departure of the teacher to the enterprise;
- in the auditorium of our center;
- according to an individual schedule created by our company specifically for your organization.