Regulatory requirements for the inventory of green spaces. Methodology "Methodology for the inventory of urban green spaces
MINSTROY OF RUSSIA
ACADEMY OF PUBLIC SERVICES IM. K.D. PAMFILOVA
METHODOLOGY FOR INVENTORY OF URBAN
GREEN SPACES
Moscow, 1997
The methodology was compiled on the basis of the decision of the Commission of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the protection environment and rational use natural resources No. 5 of July 28, 1988
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. An inventory of green spaces is carried out in order to use accounting data for compiling statistical reports, developing green economy, planning new construction, restoring, reconstructing and operating landscape and architectural objects in cities and towns, establishing a responsible person for their safety and condition, as well as meeting other needs of the respective organizations.
2. In accordance with the specified goals, the accounting of green spaces consists in:
a) determining the total area occupied by green spaces and distributing it by category, including trees, shrubs, flower beds, lawns, paths, buildings, structures, water bodies, etc.; calculation of the compliance of the area of green spaces in general and each category with the requirements of SNiP;
b) establishing the number of trees and shrubs with determining the type of plantation, species, age of plants, diameter at a height of 1.3 m (for trees), condition;
c) establishing the presence and ownership of stationary engineering and architectural structures and equipment of landscape and architectural objects (fountains, monuments, sculptures, etc.);
d) drawing up the necessary drawings, filling out a passport, compiling summary data on green spaces locality;
e) timely registration of the changes that have occurred.
3. According to this instruction, all (with the exception of those located on lands seized from the jurisdiction of local municipal bodies) landscape and architectural objects of public use (parks, gardens, streets and driveways, squares, boulevards, etc.) within the city (village) are subject to accounting traits.
4. Buildings, underground and above-ground structures located on landscape and architectural objects are taken into account according to the relevant instructions.
5. As a result of technical accounting for each landscape and architectural object, the following materials should be drawn up:
The inventory plan, depending on the area of the object (except for landings on the streets, the plan for which is drawn up only on a scale of 1:500), is recommended to be drawn up on one of the following scales:
a) with an area of up to 5 hectares - 1:500;
b) with an area from 5 to 25 hectares - 1:1000 or 1:2000;
c) with an area of more than 25 hectares - 1:2000 or 1:5000.
Passport (Appendix No. 2).
6. Accounting for landscape and architectural objects is carried out in kind using available geodetic materials, projects, drawings. In the absence of these materials, the survey of inventory objects is carried out by the technical inventory bureau, guided by the instructions for urban surveys. In exceptional cases, geometric survey of small objects is allowed.
Work on the inventory of green spaces is carried out by specialists in landscape gardening.
7. The local bureau (group) of technical inventory compiles and stores materials on the accounting of green spaces for each object, and the organization, at the expense of which inventory work is carried out, is issued the required number of copies.
II. WORK PROCEDURE
8. For field work, a copy of the object plan is taken from geodetic materials (without drawing a coordination grid, polygonometric signs, marks, leveling benchmarks).
Note: To account for green spaces on the streets, lanes, squares, embankments, graphic materials for accounting of road structures are used-bridge facilities, in this case, only facade lines are applied to the copy, buildings adjacent to them,trees, bushes, pavement borders, flower beds and lawns.
9. A copy of the plan is checked against nature, the correspondence of the boundary drawn on the plan and the situation of the object being taken into account is clarified, and, if necessary, additional shooting is carried out.
Correction of the situation is recorded in the outline. If the situation changes more than 35% of the area, a horizontal survey is carried out.
10. For the purpose of accounting convenience, the inventory object is divided into conditional accounting areas, limited by paths or other permanent contours of the internal situation. Accounting areas are assigned serial numbers (put in circles).
11. Within the accounting area, biogroups and the type of green area are determined.
Note: If, when examining plantings in kind, it turns out, that within the accounting area there are different biogroups, as well as individual groups of trees and shrubs, which, by their taxation features, stand out sharply, then such sites are taken into account separately within their boundaries and are indicated on the plan by serial numbers.
In the process of surveying green spaces located on the registration site, the following data is recorded in the working diary (Appendix No. 1) in relation to:
Trees located on driveways - type of planting (ordinary, group planting), tree numbers, species, age, diameter, trees subject to pruning, condition are noted;
For trees located in squares, gardens and boulevards, the same data is recorded as on driveways, except for numbering;
Trees located in the accounting areas of parks, forest parks - type of plantations, the predominant composition of species, density of plantations, the number of trees per 1 ha of area, average age, condition;
Shrubs - type of plantations (alley, group planting), breed, age, number of bushes, length for ordinary (alley) planting, condition.
Lawns and flower beds are counted by area (perennial flowers are also counted by the number of bushes in the accounting area).
The state of plantings is determined by the following features:
one - " good» - healthy plants with a regular, well-developed crown, without significant damage; lawns without bald spots and with well-developed herbage - sheared or meadow, flower beds without withered plants and their parts;
2 - " satisfactory"- plants are healthy, but with an improperly developed crown, with significant, but not life-threatening wounds or damage, with hollows, etc.; shrub without weeds, but with overgrowth; lawn with small bald patches, little-groomed herbage; flower beds with wilted parts of plants;
3 - " unsatisfactory» - a tree stand with an incorrectly and poorly developed crown, with significant damage and wounds, with infection with diseases or pests that threaten their lives; shrubs with overgrowth and dead parts, with weeds; lawns with sparse, endangered grass stands full of weeds; flower beds with large lunges of flowers, withered plants and their parts.
12. The plan shows the number of trees and shrubs in the accounting area by species.
13. Based on the corrected graphic material with the full situation and the entries made on the plan and in the working diary, an inventory plan of the object being taken into account is drawn up, on which it is necessary to show:
External boundaries of a landscape and architectural object with linear dimensions of their length;
The external situation outside the borders;
Boundaries and numbers of accounting plots and biogroups.
Note: 1 . Especially valuable tree species (unique, historical) are applied to the plan and numbered in red ink with independent numbers within the entire object.
2 . On the inventory plan of the green spaces of the streets, driveways, lanes, areas, embankments, the number of the accounting area is shown,each tree and its number within the accounting area.
3 . On the inventory plan of the park, forest park are applied: country roads, glades, glades, reservoirs, etc.. situation. woody-shrub vegetation is shown in legend.
4 . When considering squares, gardens, boulevards, intra-yard and adjoining plantings, all trees are plotted on the plan of each accounting plot,bushes (alley landings), hedges, flower beds and lawns, clumps of group planting of trees and shrubs.
14. The area of the inventory object is calculated according to the plan in one of the following ways:
Breakdown into simple geometric shapes;
planimeter;
Palette (small contours);
Analytically.
The calculated sum of the areas of individual accounting plots should not differ from the total area by more than 0.1%. The allowable discrepancy is decomposed in proportion to the area of each accounting area.
Filling in the passport for all indicators is carried out after the completion of graphic and computational work.
15. Section II of the passport is filled in in the following sequence: first, information is recorded in relation to trees for each registration area, then shrubs.
Information about the areas of lawns and flower beds are recorded last.
Note: Information about trees and shrubs, located on the driveways, written on odd and even sides separately.
16. In order to identify the changes that have taken place and reflect them in the inventory materials, landscape and architectural objects are examined once every 5 years.
Landscape gardening organizations are required to timely notify the technical inventory bureau of the construction of new landscape and architectural objects and all changes to existing objects.
Changes that have occurred at the facilities are reflected in the plan and in the passport.
The changed situation on the plan is crossed out with red ink (crosses) and a new one is drawn - with black ink.
Outdated entries in the passport are crossed out in red ink in one line. New entries are entered in the following horizontal lines of the passport. As necessary, the passport is replenished with liners.
17. The work done on the inventory of green spaces is checked in kind and in camera.
Defects discovered by the foreman in the work, subject to elimination by the performer, are recorded in the corrective sheet, which is stored in the file.
MINSTROY OF RUSSIA
ACADEMY OF PUBLIC SERVICES IM. K.D. PAMFILOVA
METHODOLOGY FOR INVENTORY OF URBAN
GREEN SPACES
Moscow, 1997
The methodology was compiled on the basis of the decision of the Commission of the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on environmental protection and rational use of natural resources No. 5 of July 28, 1988.
I . GENERAL PROVISIONS
1. An inventory of green spaces is carried out in order to use accounting data for compiling statistical reports, developing green economy, planning new construction, restoring, reconstructing and operating landscape and architectural objects in cities and towns, establishing a responsible person for their safety and condition, as well as meeting other needs of the respective organizations.
2. In accordance with the specified goals, the accounting of green spaces consists in:
a) determining the total area occupied by green spaces and distributing it by category, including trees, shrubs, flower beds, lawns, paths, buildings, structures, water bodies, etc.; calculation of the compliance of the area of green spaces in general and each category with the requirements of SNiP;
b) establishing the number of trees and shrubs with determining the type of plantation, species, age of plants, diameter at a height of 1.3 m (for trees), condition;
c) establishing the presence and ownership of stationary engineering and architectural structures and equipment of landscape and architectural objects (fountains, monuments, sculptures, etc.);
d) drawing up the necessary drawings, filling out a passport, compiling summary data on the green spaces of the settlement;
e) timely registration of the changes that have occurred.
3. According to this instruction, all (with the exception of those located on lands seized from the jurisdiction of local municipal bodies) landscape and architectural objects of public use (parks, gardens, streets and driveways, squares, boulevards, etc.) within the city (village) are subject to accounting traits.
4. Buildings, underground and above-ground structures located on landscape and architectural objects are taken into account according to the relevant instructions.
5. As a result of technical accounting for each landscape and architectural object, the following materials should be drawn up:
The inventory plan, depending on the area of the object (except for landings on the streets, the plan for which is drawn up only on a scale of 1:500), is recommended to be drawn up on one of the following scales:
a) with an area of up to 5 hectares - 1:500;
b) with an area from 5 to 25 hectares - 1:1000 or 1:2000;
c) with an area of more than 25 hectares - 1:2000 or 1:5000.
Passport (Appendix No. 2).
6. Accounting for landscape and architectural objects is carried out in kind using available geodetic materials, projects, drawings. In the absence of these materials, the survey of inventory objects is carried out by the technical inventory bureau, guided by the instructions for urban surveys. In exceptional cases, geometric survey of small objects is allowed.
Work on the inventory of green spaces is carried out by specialists in landscape gardening.
7. The local bureau (group) of technical inventory compiles and stores materials on the accounting of green spaces for each object, and the organization, at the expense of which inventory work is carried out, is issued the required number of copies.
II . WORK PROCEDURE
8. For field work, a copy of the object plan is taken from geodetic materials (without drawing a coordination grid, polygonometric signs, marks, leveling benchmarks).
Note: For accounting green plantations on the streets, lanes, squares, embankments are used graphic materials accounting structures road-pavement farms, at this on the copying applied only facade lines, adjoining to him buildings, trees, bushes, borders sidewalks, flower beds and lawns.
9. A copy of the plan is checked against nature, the correspondence of the boundary drawn on the plan and the situation of the object being taken into account is clarified, and, if necessary, additional shooting is carried out.
Correction of the situation is recorded in the outline. If the situation changes more than 35% of the area, a horizontal survey is carried out.
10. For the purpose of accounting convenience, the inventory object is divided into conditional accounting areas, limited by paths or other permanent contours of the internal situation. Accounting areas are assigned serial numbers (put in circles).
11. Within the accounting area, biogroups and the type of green area are determined.
Note: If a at survey plantations in nature will be, what in within accounting site there are various biogroups, a also individual groups trees and shrubs, which on their taxation features sharp stand out, then such sites are taken into account in their borders separately and on the plan are designated ordinal numbers.
In the process of surveying green spaces located on the registration site, the following data is recorded in the working diary (Appendix No. ) in relation to:
Trees located on driveways - type of planting (ordinary, group planting), tree numbers, species, age, diameter, trees subject to pruning, condition are noted;
For trees located in squares, gardens and boulevards, the same data is recorded as on driveways, except for numbering;
Trees located in the accounting areas of parks, forest parks - type of plantations, the predominant composition of species, density of plantations, the number of trees per 1 ha of area, average age, condition;
Shrubs - type of plantations (alley, group planting), breed, age, number of bushes, length for ordinary (alley) planting, condition.
Lawns and flower beds are counted by area (perennial flowers are also counted by the number of bushes in the accounting area).
The state of plantings is determined by the following features:
one - " good» - healthy plants with a regular, well-developed crown, without significant damage; lawns without bald spots and withwell-developed herbage - sheared or meadow, flower beds without wilted plants and their parts;
2 - " satisfactory"- plants are healthy, but with an improperly developed crown, with significant, but not life-threatening wounds or damage, with hollows, etc.; shrub without weeds, but with overgrowth; lawn with small bald patches, little-groomed herbage; flower beds with wilted parts of plants;
3 - " unsatisfactory» - a tree stand with an incorrectly and poorly developed crown, with significant damage and wounds, with infection with diseases or pests that threaten their lives; shrubs with overgrowth and dead parts, with weeds; lawns with sparse, endangered grass stands full of weeds; flower beds with large lunges of flowers, withered plants and their parts.
12. The plan shows the number of trees and shrubs in the accounting area by species.
13. Based on the corrected graphic material with the full situation and the entries made on the plan and in the working diary, an inventory plan of the object being taken into account is drawn up, on which it is necessary to show:
External boundaries of a landscape and architectural object with linear dimensions of their length;
The external situation outside the borders;
Boundaries and numbers of accounting plots and biogroups.
Note: 1 . especially valuable breeds trees (unique, historical) applied on the plan and are numbered red ink independent numbers in within Total object.
2 . On the inventory plan green plantations streets, driveways, lanes, areas, embankments shown room accounting site, each wood and his room in within accounting site.
3 . On the inventory plan parka, forest park applied: country roads, glades, glades, reservoirs and others. situation. woody-shrubby vegetation shown in conditional notation.
4 . At accounting squares, gardens, boulevards, courtyard and adjoining landings on the plan everyone accounting site applied all trees, bushes (alley landings), alive hedges, flower beds and lawns, curtains group landings trees and shrubs.
14. The area of the inventory object is calculated according to the plan in one of the following ways:
Breakdown into simple geometric shapes;
planimeter;
Palette (small contours);
Analytically.
The calculated sum of the areas of individual accounting plots should not differ from the total area by more than 0.1%. The allowable discrepancy is decomposed in proportion to the area of each accounting area.
Filling in the passport for all indicators is carried out after the completion of graphic and computational work.
15. Section the passport is filled in in the following sequence: first, information is recorded in relation to trees for each accounting plot, then shrubs.
Information about the areas of lawns and flower beds are recorded last.
Note: Intelligence about trees and bushes, located on the driveways, are recorded on even and odd parties separately.
16. In order to identify the changes that have taken place and reflect them in the inventory materials, landscape and architectural objects are examined once every 5 years.
Landscape gardening organizations are required to timely notify the technical inventory bureau of the construction of new landscape and architectural objects and all changes to existing objects.
Changes that have occurred at the facilities are reflected in the plan and in the passport.
The changed situation on the plan is crossed out with red ink (crosses) and a new one is drawn - with black ink.
Outdated entries in the passport are crossed out in red ink in one line. New entries are entered in the following horizontal lines of the passport. As necessary, the passport is replenished with liners.
17. The work done on the inventory of green spaces is checked in kind and in camera.
Defects discovered by the foreman in the work, subject to elimination by the performer, are recorded in the corrective sheet, which is stored in the file. G.
All work on the inventory and accounting of green spaces must be carried out strictly in accordance with the decree of the Government of Moscow N 743-PP dated September 10, 2002 "On approval of the Rules for the creation, maintenance and protection of green spaces and natural communities in the city of Moscow". This document is constantly updated, so work should be done on the basis of the latest edition.
Also, this type of activity is regulated by the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated 12.12.2014 No. 757-PP “On Amendments to the Legal Acts of the City of Moscow and Recognizing the Legal Act (Certain Provision of a Legal Act) of the City of Moscow as Invalid” and the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated 12.08.2014 No. 461-PP “On the automated information system “Register of green spaces”.
Methodology of the Ministry of Construction and Housing Russian Federation, developed in 1997, has now lost its validity and cannot be used as a guiding document.
According to the current regulations, all green spaces located within Moscow are subject to inventory. Responsibility for carrying out these works is borne by the owner or tenant of the land plot on which part of the city's green fund is located.
When conducting an inventory on the site, the following elements should be taken into account:
- Green spaces (trees, bushes, lawns, flower beds, elements landscape design) and wild vegetation that is located along roads, curbs, and other artificial structures, as well as near water sources
- Building structures, buildings and structures.
- Paths, paths.
- Elements of improvement and architectural forms.
Upon completion of the inventory process, the customer receives an electronic document - a passport for landscaping. In some cases, special documents are issued, this applies to yard areas, as well as protected areas. The data from this passport is entered into the Register of Green Spaces, both during the initial inventory and when changes are made. Once drafted, the document must be approved by in due course with the executive authorities of the city of Moscow.
To start the inventory, the user or owner of the land must receive either the general plan of the site or topographic survey drawings or other documents. In some cases, it will be necessary to conduct geodetic surveys and draw up the primary document again. The plan must be drawn up in electronic form and comply with the requirements of the technical regulations and be linked to the Unified City Cartographic Basis of Moscow.
The passport is made once a year, but with certain manipulations with green spaces, it will have to be changed:
- When making transactions with a land plot (sale, transfer for use, etc.);
- Construction work and overhaul of existing artificial structures;
- Installation of new landscaping, or making changes, restoration and other work with existing plantings;
- Elimination of accidents, fires, deforestation (both authorized and unauthorized), transfer of ownership of the green fund of the site to another person or organization and other cases that lead to a change in the configuration of the green spaces of the site.
In addition to the inventory, the user of the site must constantly monitor the state of the green fund located in his area of responsibility. In the event of diseases or pests, contact the appropriate authorities. City authorities and authorized services also monitor the AIS "Register of green spaces".
The inventory does not apply to licensed activities, that is, the user or owner of the site can theoretically perform the work on their own. But not all - planting surveys should be performed by a qualified dendrologist, and all cartographic work can be done by a certified surveyor.
Landscape gardening facilities in large cities operate in accordance with established regulations, methodological recommendations and legislative acts. Green spaces are subject to strict accounting and control. Any actions regarding the organization of new construction, reconstruction, overhaul, laying of engineering communications should be planned taking into account the analysis of growing trees, shrubs, lawns, flower beds. The situation is similar with replanting, crowning or felling.
Inventory of urban green spaces is one of the activities of the Geopartner Company. The range of services includes a dendrological study of the area, the preparation of balance sheets, drawings, plans and the certification procedure.
Purposes of ordering and accounting of green spaces
The degree of their importance of taking into account green spaces is determined by the tasks set for its implementation. The objectives of conducting an inventory of trees and shrubs in cities are as follows:
- the need to accurately determine the boundaries of green areas, zones with their documentary approval;
- determination of the exact amount of green spaces in the city;
- study of the condition of trees, shrubs, species;
- certification of identified or changes;
- appointment of responsible persons in matters of land use of certain territories;
- regulation of works on the maintenance, reconstruction of green spaces;
- collection of information for maintaining the Register of green spaces.
The inventory procedure is carried out for all trees, shrubs and lawns, regardless of their organizational and legal form of ownership, location (in the city on private or departmental sites, on the territory of organizations, enterprises, institutions).
What documents need to be prepared to organize the workflow
In order for the inventory of green spaces to be organized according to the rules, it is necessary to provide a topographic plan of the area under study at a scale of 1:500, as well as a situational plan at a scale of 1:2000. You can apply for them to the relevant government agencies (Moskomarchitectura), but you must definitely check the statute of limitations. If it is overdue and there are many changes (more than 35%), the topographic survey will have to be carried out again to update the plan.
Regulations for the execution of work
The process is divided into two main steps. At the first one, they work with the original geodetic documents. Specialists need to determine the boundaries of the territory and classify the existing objects. Depending on the place of work (streets, lanes, embankments, squares), the method of using graphic materials may differ, but this is all at the discretion of the performers.
At the second stage, there is an important task to determine the elements of improvement and the number of green spaces, their species. To do this, the study area is divided into conditional areas and assigned numbers to them. And then, within these areas, biogroups are determined, which may include different trees, shrubs, and so on. This is a convenient technique that allows you to work out the zones in detail during the field survey. Such an inventory of green spaces makes it possible to obtain high-quality and comprehensive results.
Registration of results and a set of reporting documentation
Office processing of the results consists in bringing the collected information into a single document. It is the Passport of the planning solution and landscaping. The form of the document and the rules for its preparation are strictly regulated by the order of the Government of Moscow dated 08.05.2002 N 267-RZM. In accordance with accepted standards, the components of a passport are:
- situational plan M1:200 and topoplan M1:500;
- layout of objects in the city;
- inventory plan;
- scheme of the master plan for planning decisions on improvement;
- characteristics of objects, their environment and landscape features;
- green space tables;
- information about the work done.
The inventory plan of the area can be provided at different scales ranging from 1:500 to 1:200. It depends on the study area and the uniformity of the growing trees and shrubs. Inventory of green spaces, the price for which is set by the contractor is regulated. For a passport, a code number is required. It is then entered into the IAS "Register of green spaces". According to the procedure, this is necessary to record information about the inventory.
What is unscheduled and planned inventory
Methodological recommendations regarding the period of the planned procedure say that this is best done in spring and autumn. There are a number of situations when an unplanned need may arise in it. For example, when:
- registration of transactions with land plots;
- implementation of the transfer of rights to land plots;
- in case of damage to green spaces by illegal actions of legal entities or individuals;
- registration of land allotment for construction.
This raises a logical question about the responsibility for the procedure. According to the rules, the responsibility for the implementation and fixing of changes should be assumed by the land user, who officially has approved ownership rights to controlled land plots. The responsible person may also be directly the owner of the territory. Then the inventory and certification of green spaces can be carried out by him. This is especially true if we are talking about committed illegal actions (cutting down) or emergency situations.
An inventory is a periodic check of the availability of all structural elements of an object listed on the balance sheet of a gardening enterprise, their quality condition, safety and correctness of maintenance and protection, obligations and rights to receive funds, management and the reality of accounting data. An inventory is a documentary statistical and qualitative accounting of all landscape gardening elements located at a given facility. All objects of public use are subject to inventory: parks, gardens, boulevards, square streets and driveways. An inventory is also carried out on the territories of departmental use, where there are green spaces - at factories, factories, enterprises, transport organizations, etc.
The inventory of structural elements on the territory of the landscaping object solves the following tasks:
1) periodic accounting of the state, plantations and all structural elements (every 3-5 years);
2) assessment of plantings and all structural elements of the object in connection with its reconstruction and restoration.
As a rule, the inventory reveals any changes in the original landscape and architectural design associated with the formation of overgrowth, overcrowding of plantings, trampling of lawns, damage to sites and the road network, and violation of the type of volume-spatial structure. Periodic inventory of green spaces and all structural elements of the facility is carried out in order to systematically manage the landscape gardening at the facilities, to obtain reliable amounts of work to care for green spaces, according to the maintenance of all structural elements. Based on the data obtained from the inventory, statements of the scope of work for the overhaul and current repairs of individual elements are compiled - trees, shrubs, lawns, flower beds, road and path network, park structures, small forms and stationary equipment; to maintain a certain type of volume-spatial structure of plantations and their types. An inventory is also carried out in order to determine local or mass preventive measures for the control of pests and diseases of green spaces.
With the help of inventory work, the indicators of the object are specified in accordance with the passport data, such as:
Total area under green spaces, including:
Under trees, shrubs, flower beds, lawns, under paths and playgrounds;
The area under sports planar structures, under buildings and structures, stationary equipment, ponds, swimming pools, etc.;
Types of landscape gardening plantations, their species composition of trees and shrubs, their number, age, diameter at a height of 1.3 m (for trees), their condition;
The condition and ownership of stationary engineering and architectural structures and landscape gardening equipment - monuments, sculptures, fountains, cascades, gazebos, trellises, etc. - as well as buildings and structures for household purposes - administrative buildings, greenhouses, utility yard, etc. etc., - underground or surface engineering networks and communications, their number;
Changes in the type of spatial structure, planting density,
According to the inventory, an inventory plan is drawn up and adjustments are made to the passport of the landscape gardening facility. All changes that have occurred over the period by elements are recorded. Data on the inventory of green areas of the city (town) are entered into the general register of urban green areas. The data are summarized in a table of summary data on green spaces in the territories of an urban area, city, and entire settlement. For each object must be drawn up:
1) a territory inventory plan (or inventory plan), the scale of which depends on the area of the object: with areas up to 5 ... 10 hectares, they take a scale of 1: 200 or 1: 500; with areas of 25 hectares and more -1: 1000 or 1: 2000;
2) inventory evaluation sheets for all structural elements.
The inventory is carried out in accordance with the instructions for the inventory of green spaces in cities, workers, summer cottages and resort villages, compiled by the Republican Bureau of Technical Inventory (BTI). best time carrying out these works is spring or early autumn. The initial data for conducting an inventory of an object is the existing general plan object of the territory in M 1:500 (1:200) or as-built drawings (landing, layout) based on the geodetic plan. If there is no project documentation for the object at all, then the owner of the territory is obliged to order a second project based on the received geodetic plan. A geodetic plan is ordered for the object in the city geotrust (Gorgeotrest) under a special agreement. The inventory of green spaces and structural elements of the facility is carried out in two stages:
the first - field;
the second - cameral processing of the learned material.
At the first stage, work is carried out to study the existing documentation, clarify the boundaries of the object in red lines and landscape planning data, existing types of spatial structure, study the presence of communications and structures, and conduct surveys or additional surveys of plantings from nature to the plan with the corresponding entries in the work log. At the second stage, the data obtained are summarized, the entries in the journals and statements are analyzed and put in order, the balance of the territory is developed, an inventory plan is drawn up, and an appropriate certificate of completion of work is drawn up for their acceptance and delivery. Based on the received materials, they begin to clarify (correct) the passport for the object. Depending on the size of the object and the presence of green spaces, the inventory can be carried out in various ways.
For large parks and forest parks, work is carried out in a brigade way - a special taxation detachment using the landscape taxation method. For urban landscaping objects - squares, boulevards, gardens, residential areas - work is carried out in an individual way, by drawing on the plans of each plant, all types of green spaces and structural elements. Work on the inventory of mass urban objects, as a rule, is carried out by the technical inventory bureau (BTI) of the district, city, but with the obligatory involvement of landscape gardening specialists for landscape planning, dendrological and entomophytopathological examination of green spaces, identifying the state of the object as a whole, violations of the planning network, types of spatial structure, types of park plantings. The work on the primary inventory for the purpose of further development of the project for the reconstruction of plantings at the facility is fully funded for public facilities - at the expense of the local budget, and for departmental facilities - at the expense of departmental funds specially provided for in the beautification estimates.
Organizations conducting inventory under contracts compile and store original materials on accounting for green spaces for each object, giving customers the required number of copies. For field work, a copy of the object plan is made from geodetic materials of horizontal survey plans - without drawing a coordinate grid, polygonometric signs, marks, leveling benchmarks - which is verified with nature, with clarification of the boundaries (red lines) and the situation of the object being taken into account. Correction of the situation is recorded in the outline. On the inventory plan large park or a forest park, woody and shrubby vegetation is applied in the landscape taxation symbols: clearings, glades, reservoirs, clearings, etc.1 A copy of the geodetic plan is compared with nature to determine the red lines - the boundaries of the object. For the convenience of carrying out an inventory, as a rule, the object is divided into conditional accounting areas, limited by a road network or other permanent contours of the internal situation. According to the accounting areas on the drawing, serial numbers are put down, the numbers are circled. Specialists conducting an inventory keep a working diary, where they indicate the name, purpose and area of the object, its departmental affiliation and the external situation.
All trees, shrubs, flower beds are put on the plan for registration areas for groups and types of plants. Then, according to this plan, the following data is recorded in the working diary for each object and group of plants:
I. On highways, streets, driveways
Type of landscape gardening (TSPN) - alleys, rows, groups, hedges; plant number in each type of plantations, species, age, trunk diameter, crown shape, their projection size,
II. In squares, boulevards, gardens - the same data as on highways, streets, driveways; with clarification of TSPN.
III. In parks - arrays, groves, clumps, groups, tapeworms, hedges, the predominant composition of plant species in each type of plantation, the density of plantations or the number of trees per 1 hectare, average age, condition. For each object, the density (density) of trees and shrubs per 1 ha of green area, the ratio of trees and shrubs is calculated. Lawns and flower beds are counted by area, and perennials, in addition, by the number of bushes in the accounting area.
Trees with a diameter at a height of 1.3 m from the surface of at least 12 cm "mark" in kind, paint over part of the trunk (strip 2x2 cm in size); in the painted place they write: the type of plant (with one letter, for example, oak - D), the date of observation and assign an inventory number. Binding of plants is carried out using the instrumental method of ordinates to permanent or laid in kind bases - road lines, building blind areas, etc. - they lead an outline with digital and graphic marks. The base line is laid so that the distance between the line and the tree does not exceed 20 m. Then this line is divided into segments of equal length (through 5 ... Yum) with the installation of pegs at the dividing points, which should serve as a reference point - point "0" . The tree is tied to the base line when measuring three distances: from the two ends of the segment to the tree and the third distance reading can be a perpendicular (ordinate) restored from the line to the inventory tree. The distance from the line of sight to the tree is determined as close to the distance from the edge of the tree - half the diameter of the trunk at the surface of the earth - to the baseline. As tools, a mirror acker, a tape measure (20 m) are used. 1 On the outline, all measurements, the type of plant, its size, age, and condition are recorded. Entries are fixed by conditional formulas: 1D40/y; 2Kl25 / x, etc. In the work log, in order not to miss measurements, they are also recorded by the formula
Shrubs and perennials in groups are tied along the contour of their borders. Groups are numbered and described in the sheet attached to the plan, indicating the number of plants by species. In individual cases, evaluative signs may be subject to changes and adjustments. All changes are noted in the working observation log. In addition, lawns, paths and playgrounds, small architectural forms and equipment, flower beds are being assessed (Appendix 24). There are other methods for assessing the quality of green spaces. When conducting a survey at the site, it is necessary to evaluate plantings and all structural elements from a landscape and architectural point of view. It is very important to evaluate the object as an object of landscape architecture, with its inherent attributes - the type of spatial structure and the presence of certain types of landscape gardening. To date, methods for such an assessment have been developed by teams of specialists from Moscow State University of Forestry and the Academy of Public Utilities. K.D. Pamfilova. When caring for green spaces, operating organizations must comply with the requirements for the formation of an object as an object of landscape architecture, maintain the type of spatial structure, the ratio of open, semi-open spaces. On the basis of graphic material with a complete internal situation and the outline and working diary entries, an inventory plan of the object is drawn up, which indicates:
1) external borders with linear dimensions;
2) the external situation abroad;
3) boundaries and numbers of registration areas and clumps;
4) especially valuable unique or historical views trees, which are numbered by independent numbers in red ink - throughout the object;
5) types of landscape gardening (GSPN) - hedges,
flower beds and lawns, curtains, groups of trees, shrubs, perennials.
When inventorying plantings on streets, squares, lanes, embankments, graphic plans of these objects, buildings, structures with designation of facade lines are used as a basis. The inventory plan shows the number of the accounting plot, each tree and its number, shrubs. Plants are applied to the plan with green ink in the legend. The area of the object is calculated according to the inventory plan in the simplest ways: broken down into figures and measured using a planimeter or palette. The measurement accuracy on the plan should be within 0.1%. The discrepancy is proportionally distributed over each section. An electronic planimeter is currently being used. Information about plantings located on the even and odd sides of street highways is recorded separately in the journal.
Landscaping objects are examined, as a rule, once every 5 years in order to identify changes in the internal situation and reflect them in the inventory materials: on the inventory plan and in the passport of the object. The old situation on the drawing of the inventory plan is crossed out in red ink. All changes are applied with black ink. Obsolete entries in the passport of the object are crossed out in one line with red ink, and new ones are entered in the lower horizontal lines of the passport. As necessary, the object passport is replenished with new inserts. About the construction of new facilities, about all changes at existing facilities and about the next inventory of green spaces, organizations involved in the operation of landscape gardening must notify the Bureau of Technical Inventory (BTI). Verification of the performed inventory work is carried out both in kind and in camera. All defects in the work that the performer must eliminate are recorded in the correction sheet stored in the inventory materials. BTI compiles summary data on landscaping objects for a city or village. Summary inventory data on landscaping objects of the district, city should reflect:
Number of objects, their total area; separately - the length of street landings;
Allocated new areas for green spaces, including trees, shrubs, flower beds, lawns, paths and playgrounds, as well as structures, ponds and stationary equipment.
The condition of trees and bushes by different age groups is also shown. Summary data make it possible to judge the landscaped areas of a district, district, city as a whole, or a village, for a given period, and also provide a basis for long-term planning of both operating costs for planting maintenance and costs for new construction and repair of facilities.