Big bridges of China. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge is one of the longest bridges in the world.
Bridge over Hangzhou Bay in China, 36 kilometers long
At 36 kilometers long, this bridge is one of the longest bridges in the world. It crosses the Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea and the Qiantang River in the Delta. great river Yangtze.
The construction of this facility reduced the land transport distance from Ningbo to Shanghai by 120 km, and the transit time was reduced from four hours to two. The highway with two directions contains six lanes, the speed limit here is 100 km/h. According to the project, the bridge is guaranteed to last 100 years, after which it can be easily reconstructed.
Construction of the Hangzhou Bridge began in 2003 and ended in 2009. The bridge was launched in 2009. The project cost of the longest bridge in the world was 1.42 billion US dollars.
The cable-supported bridge design was chosen as it was considered the best to resist. adverse conditions, multidirectional currents, high waves, and geological conditions of the site.
The 36 km bridge has six lanes, 3.75 meters each, three in each direction. The total width of the bridge will be 33 m. Designed for 100 years of service, the 62 m high bridge allows fourth and fifth generation container ships to pass under the arches. The total length of the rope used in the project will be 32.2 km.
In the middle of Hangzhou, there is a 10,000 m² driver's rest island where you can relax and enjoy a full range of services, including hotels, restaurants, gas stations and observation deck. The island is popular with tourists who love to watch the famous river flow. The maintenance island is entirely built on a pier to avoid destruction and is equipped with latest systems security and monitoring. On both sides of Hangzhouwan are arranged public parks
The most beautiful and one of the longest bridges in China is called Hangzhou. This bridge crosses the ocean between the bay of the same name and the Qiantang River. Its total length is 36 kilometers. And the efficiency is up to 50 thousand cars a day. This is how much the bridge is able to pass over its surface every day.
Construction history
The transoceanic structure was designed for several years. But in 2003, construction crews began to real work. The bridge took 4 years to build. Then it was tested for several months in a row to make sure it was safe.
The construction itself was carried out from two points on opposite banks. The cable-stayed bridge was erected simultaneously from the North and South sides. With the help of satellites and the latest technologies the structure was connected in the middle directly above the ocean waters.
All piles of construction have precise geographical coordinates. Thanks to this method, it was possible to bring the two sides of the bridge together on the first try. Many details of the bridge were cast on the ground, but for work under water a unique privateer was built with a hammer on board to drive piles in the depths of the ocean.
In 2008, this bridge connected two areas: Shanghai and Ningbo. Residents of these two cities used to spend up to 5 hours on the road to get to one of them. They had to drive along the road, which was an arc of 400 km. Now the travel time has been reduced to 1 hour thanks to the Hangzhou Bridge.
Features of the building
The most striking features of the bridge include the following aspects:
- Platform island. This place is in the middle of the structure. There, drivers can rest in order to continue their journey with renewed vigor. The island has restaurants and hotels and many other entertainments;
- 250 innovations. That's how many new techniques were used in the construction of the bridge;
- Safety system. The whole road is divided into 7 lanes with different lighting. It is believed that in this way, driver fatigue can be reduced almost completely;
- Smart lighting. Any road lamp located on an amazing structure has automatic brightness control;
- Surveillance cameras. They are all over the bridge at a distance of half a kilometer from each other;
- Special durability. Today, the Hangzhou Bridge has already withstood 19 typhoons. He does not care about strong tides and other vagaries of the weather.
The height of the bridge is 62 meters. And its aesthetic component has long conquered lovers of the urban style in architecture.
China Railway Bridge Bureau Group Co. Ltd is the company that was the main contractor for the construction of the bridge. Analyzing many projects, builders and architects settled on the option where the structure was held by special cables.
This decision helped to maximize the seismic stability of the bridge. And also made him invulnerable to severe storms and typhoons. This decision completely eliminated the influence of the tides on the bridge.
During the construction of the structure, there was a danger of disruption of work due to the release of natural gas. This gas was released from the ocean depths. But the bridge was positioned in such a way that the concentration of gas was insignificant.
The famous Hangzhou Bridge is a beautiful building that is an ingenious embodiment of engineering. When this bridge was opened, the government organized a magnificent and magnificent opening ceremony. After all, the bridge helps to solve not only transport, but also economic problems. And also contributes to the rallying of different provinces, and their successful interaction with each other.
There is an incredibly beautiful bridge in China 36 kilometers. It passes through the Hangzhou Bay and the Qiantang River at the Yangtze River Delta. Until recently, it was the longest bridge in the world, but in 2011 its record was broken Qingdao bridge also in China.
It is high time to admit that jokes about Chinese quality do not correspond to the current state of affairs, and the Hangzhou Bridge is a great confirmation of this. This bridge is S-shaped, it is a complete part China East Coast Super Highway connecting the north and south of the country. Its beginning is in jiaxine, and the end is in Ningbo. Thanks to the bridge, Ningbo to Shanghai can now be reached two hours faster, and the journey becomes shorter by 120 kilometers. The project provides for a guaranteed service of the bridge for a century and the possibility of its easy reconstruction after this period. The bridge even has a shipwreck protection system.
The name of the chief engineer for the construction of this bridge is Wang Yong. He proudly states that the Hangzhou Bridge was built under incredibly difficult technical conditions, but all difficulties were successfully overcome. The fact is that it crosses one of the strongest on Earth water streams, the bottom here is very heterogeneous, and typhoons happen very often. The bridge was built for five years - from 2003 to 2008, but already in 1994 the first research work. Nine years of consultations and numerous studies continued, more than 700 experts from around the world were involved in the work on the project.
As a result, the option of a bridge held by cables was chosen. It was decided that such a bridge would be better able to withstand high waves, multidirectional currents and complex bottom geology. The bridge is also not afraid of earthquakes up to seven points.
Today hangzhou bridge daily passes from 45 to 50 thousand cars. Thanks to him, in the Yangtze River Delta, the process of economic development. The local governor believes that thanks to the bridge, a more convenient and efficient transport network will form in this area.
And some more numbers.
The Hangzhou Bridge has three lanes for vehicles in each direction, and its total width is 33 meters. Its spans are so high above the water that fourth and fifth generation container ships can pass freely under them.
During the construction process, the bridge nodes were first cast on the ground, and then transported for installation to the part under construction. Huge floating cranes were used to install them, and 50 GPS systems monitored the accuracy of fitting spans to each other.
When the bridge was ready, an incredibly magnificent and crowded opening ceremony took place.
There is an island in the middle of the bridge where drivers can take a breather. Its area is 10 thousand square meters, it has not only gas stations and restaurants, but also hotels. Viewing platforms are provided for tourists. And at both ends of the bridge there are public parks - a paradise for tourists.
According to the Governor of Zhejiang, China's fourth largest economy, “The bridge will help form a more convenient and efficient transportation network in the Yangtze River Delta, allowing each side to develop a much closer relationship with each other… We believe the bridge will open up many more development opportunities for the area.” and greatly increase its economic strength and competitive power.”
China Railway Bridge Bureau Group Co. Ltd. was the main contractor for the project. contract for consulting and Maintenance was entered into with the well-known company Hardesty & Hanover, LLP. Ty Lin International is the designer of the bridge. Ben C Gerwick provides shipwreck protection systems for the project. Pictured is the opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Bridge
Hangzhou Bay is a bay in the East China Sea where one of China's natural wonders, the Qiantang River flow, is observed, creating fast water currents and large waves. The area is also prone to frequent typhoons. These factors made the task more difficult for the planners, with the development of the design and construction plan only completed after nine years of consultation and more than 120 technical studies involving more than 700 experts worldwide.
The cable-retained bridge design was chosen as it was considered the best to withstand adverse conditions, multidirectional currents, high waves, and the geological conditions of the site. The bridge structure has also been designed according to seismic criteria and maintains the integrity of the bridge in earthquake conditions up to seven on the Richter scale. The 36 km bridge has six lanes, 3.75 meters each, three in each direction. The total width of the bridge will be 33 m. Designed for 100 years of service, the 62 m high bridge allows fourth and fifth generation container ships to pass under the arches. The total length of the rope used in the project will be 32.2 km.
One of the main problems faced by the Hangzhou builders is natural gas emissions in the deep water along the bridge line. A special study was carried out to investigate the distribution of gas and soil characteristics at the time of gas release. As a result, this problem was solved, and the possibility of damage to the bridge structure was excluded.
All bridge components were cast on the ground, and then the finished components were transported to the site for assembly and final installation. Giant floating cranes with precise anchoring devices were used to ship and install the girders at sea. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge consists of nine sections, 50 RTK5700 GPS systems have been installed in order to dock all plates and sections of the bridge with perfect accuracy
In the middle of Hangzhou, there is a 10,000 m2 driver's rest island, where you can relax and enjoy a full range of services, including hotels, restaurants, gas stations and an observation deck. The island is popular with tourists who love to watch the famous river flow. The maintenance island is built entirely on a pier to avoid destruction and is equipped with the latest security and monitoring systems. There are public parks on both sides of Hangzhouwan.
The Hangzhou Bridge is the longest bridge in the world, this architectural marvel is located in Hangzhou Bay. The bridge is 36 km long and crosses the Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea and the Qiantang River in the delta of the great Yangtze River. ( 11 photos)
1. The bridge is also one of the most beautiful bridges in the world. The bridge connects the cities of Shanghai and Ningbo. The bridge shortened the ground transportation distance from Ningbo to Shanghai by 120 km, and the transit time was reduced from four hours to two.
Photo of the longest bridge in the world.6. The bridge was built in the letter “S”, it is believed that the architects chose this shape in order to make it as stable as possible during especially strong tidal waves.
7. But in fact, this is not so, the fact is that in real life there are practically no straight roads. Therefore, road users do not have to relax especially - they constantly need to dodge. Attention is always heightened. And on those roads where, by a lucky chance, sinuosity and straightness are reasonably combined, the accident rate is lower.
9. The design of the Cable-stayed Bridge (supported by cables) for the longest bridge in the world, was chosen to withstand the unfavorable environment. Also, the bridge was designed in accordance with the seismic features of the region, and is designed to maintain the integrity of the bridge during an earthquake up to 7 on the Richter scale.
It crosses Hangzhou Bay in the East China Sea and the Qiantang River in the great Yangtze River Delta.