Festival “Great Standing on the Ugra River. After the great standing on the eel, Russia gained independence, which it did not lose again afterwards. Program standing on the eel
The idea of the Kaluga authorities - to make November 11, the Day of the End of the Great Standing on the Ugra, an all-Russian memorial date - has become one of the most discussed in recent times. With the initiative to contribute to federal list memorable and festive dates this event was made by Kaluga Governor Anatoly Artamonov. The bill will be considered at the autumn session of the State Duma of Russia. The developers have already enlisted the support Russian Academy sciences, the Federal Archives, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Justice and the Institute of Legislative and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. This idea has already been supported by more than 60 Russian regions. One of the first to support this initiative was the leadership of the Republic of Mordovia. But the leadership of the Republic of Tatarstan, on the contrary, sent to the State Duma of the Russian Federation negative feedback against this bill, seeing elements of extremism in it.
A heated debate also flared up on the Internet about this: is it worth celebrating this event or not. Some unconditionally - "for", as it is patriotic and once again it is never superfluous to celebrate the victory of the Russian people. Others, on the contrary, objected, they say, what else did they find for the holiday of “standing”, it is better to celebrate Suvorov’s crossing through the Alps. Of course, I am in no way opposed to the heroic march of the Russian army under the command of the valiant generalissimo. But there are dates that stand apart in our history and that you need to know. Let's take a tour of history.
Everyone here knows about the Mongol-Tatar invasion and the Golden Horde, this was sufficiently told in high school on lessons national history. They also know about the Battle of Kulikovo, the textbooks even contained a picture of the duel between Peresvet and Chelubey. Much less is known about Standing on the Ugra in this regard. The Battle of Kulikovo and the Great Stand are separated by 100 years. And it is worth noting that after the battle on the Kulikovo field, the Horde still continued to raid Russian villages, ravaged, killed, deprived of shelter, and still imposed tribute. It was the Standing on the Ugra that completed the history of the Horde yoke on our land. After that, already in the 16th century, in memory of this event, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Vorotynsky Monastery was founded on the Ugra.
In 1462, Ivan III became the Grand Duke of Moscow, the sovereign of all Russia, who would later be called the collector of Russian lands. Historians note him as a wise and cautious politician. He sat on the great reign without the khan's sanction and never communicated with the khans at all, did not negotiate, unlike his predecessors. Moreover, he stopped paying tribute to the Golden Horde. One of the historical versions says that he broke the agreement with the Horde when its ambassadors in again came for tribute and executed all, with the exception of one. Thus, the conflict was a foregone conclusion, and Khan Akhmat was preparing to punish the recalcitrant Muscovite.
The time for the trip to Moscow was ideally chosen: Prince Ivan found himself in a quarrel with his brothers, who were preparing to go into the service of the Lithuanian prince Casimir IV. At that time, the same Casimir himself invaded the territory of Pskov. I had to hastily make peace with my brothers, acquire a reliable ally in the person of the Crimean Khan Mengi Giray, who was ready to send his troops to the territory of Lithuania in the event of Lithuanian aggression against Moscow. In the summer of 1480, the entire Horde army moved to Russia. Upon learning of this, Ivan III sent his troops under the control of his son Ivan Jr. to Serpukhov, and he himself blocked the crossings of the Oka. In early October, Akhmat's army approached the border with the Moscow state, which passed along the tributary of the Oka - the Ugra River, a little later the Russian army approached there, blocking the enemy's path to Moscow. It should be noted that the location of the army of Ivan III was very successful and made it possible to respond in a timely manner to all movements of the enemy.
The Great Standing on the Ugra began. Historians determine the time of the beginning of this standing - October 8, 1480, and the end - November 11, 1480. During this time, the Horde did not dare to move forward, disappointed in their strength and power. They were no longer as strong as before. The Russians also did not force events, Grand Duke did not want to expose people to unnecessary danger, expecting a bloodless victory, as it happened. At that time, the prince's confessor, Archbishop Vassian of Rostov, on the contrary, set him up for the battle for Orthodox Christianity against the atheists, assuring him of fervent prayer for the victory of Russian weapons. The fact that the battle did not follow, the enemy retreated and no blood was shed, was attributed in Russia to the miraculous intercession of the Mother of God, who managed to save the Russian land. In this regard, the Ugra got a new name - the belt of the Virgin. Early frosts served to the fact that the Ugra was covered with ice, the Horde ran out of food and hay for horses. The Russians were waiting for the enemy to attack, but there was none, the enemy retreated. The army, led by Grand Duke Ivan III, returned to Moscow in triumph. The Horde yoke, which lasted more than two hundred years, ended.
The great standing on the Ugra was the final stage in the overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. And the birth of Russian sovereignty took place precisely on Kaluga soil. The famous Soviet historian Yuri Alekseev, a specialist in the history of Russia in the XIV-XVI centuries, assessing this event, called it the largest event of the era. Russia became completely independent, no longer paid tribute to anyone. Yuri Georgievich wrote that “The Russian land was saved from the huge in scope and plans of the Horde invasion. However, in November 1480, even the most insightful and far-sighted people were hardly fully aware of the real significance of the events that had taken place. The victory on the Ugra in the autumn of 1480 refers to those truly great historical phenomena, the real significance of which increases over time, and the realization of their true meaning and scale comes only later. The successful completion of the Great Stand on the Ugra was a radical turning point in the entire military-political situation and meant the successful resolution of the most serious and dangerous crisis. The appearance of independence in Russia was proved by the whole course of history, it never again lost sovereignty. In honor of this event, the construction of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin was laid at the time.
Many scientists believe that the Great Standing on the Ugra marked the beginning of a new era. Since that time, the historical rise of Russia began, and the previously paid tribute to the horde and the mechanism for collecting it were now used for their own needs. However, there is evidence that the raids on Russian cities continued after this event and there were facts of tribute.
I think that I will be excused for such a long interpretation of events. I just wanted to emphasize its uniqueness. All other victories for the glory of the Russian land, which took place at sea and on land, were already later. And the starting point was the Great standing on the Ugra. Based on this, many modern historians believe that the initiative to make the Day of the end of standing on the Ugra a federal memorable date has a basis. True, there are sometimes discrepancies between them.
Deputy Director of the Research Institute for the Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Academic Secretary, Dr. historical sciences Evgeny Bikeikin.
Dates like this can rightly be called one of the most important in history. Russian statehood. The events of 1480 had a significant impact on the subsequent development of our country. And modern historians break spears, as a rule, in the field of certain interpretations. Some associate it with the end of the yoke, others argue that there was no yoke. There is another very interesting version regarding the events of 1480, according to which it is worth talking not about the “collapse of the yoke”, which simply did not exist, but about the creation of a system of political unions opposing each other between the states that arose on the ruins of the Golden Horde: the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Crimean and Kazan khanates, Nogai horde. But, the fact remains: standing on the Ugra, called great, was, it is recorded in historical documents. Its reality does not cause anyone doubts, as well as the importance of the event. I believe that the initiative to make November 11 the Day of the end of standing on the Ugra, celebrated at the federal level, no doubt, has a basis.
The question arises: why did the idea to designate this memorable date appear right now? Where was the historical memory before? Evgeny Nikolaevich Bikeikin explains this by the emerging problem of preserving and reproducing historical memory, which is currently quite acute. Some of our youth do not know their history, do not know about glorious journey their ancestors or forgot about it. And now there is a great need to focus the attention of society and, first of all, young people on major events national history, including in this way. All this will contribute, according to the scientist, to the education of patriotism in the younger generation. Dates related to the military past of our country in this matter are of particular importance and perspective. Probably, this date will be indicated in the programs of schools, universities, events dedicated to this event will be held, there will be lectures telling the younger generation about the Great Standing on the Ugra.
Institution in Russia memorable date The great standing on the Ugra was disapprovingly perceived in Tatarstan. President Rustam Minnikhanov opposed its establishment at the federal level. The parliament of the republic saw elements of extremism in the proposed bill, arguing that the appearance of such a holiday would have a bright negative connotation.
Evgeny Bikeikin is a bright opponent of the politicization of science in general, and historical science in particular. And in this case, unfortunately, this is what happens. He does not understand why this event could cause such controversy.
Perhaps the role was played by the fact that this date is associated with the overthrow of the yoke?! Meanwhile, in the draft federal law regarding it, it is written that November 11 is the Day of the victorious end of the great Standing on the Ugra River in 1480. There is no mention of the end of the yoke in the title. In this case, we are talking, first of all, about an event that had a significant impact on the formation of a single Russian centralized state. The transfer of the discussion of the issue under consideration to the political plane is not constructive, in connection with which it is unnecessary to comment on the position of the parliamentarians of Tatarstan. And again, if we discard emotions, we will see that the event under discussion took place, it was important, a cornerstone and had a noticeable impact on the subsequent history of Russia and the peoples living on its territory.
The author fully agrees with Yevgeny Nikolaevich that the dates associated with the glorious past of our country are very important and must be remembered. And, perhaps, the establishment of a new all-Russian memorable date will serve a good cause - once again remind our citizens of the glorious past of the country in which they live. And the Great Standing on the Ugra is not at all a pioneer among the "immortalized" dates. For example, on April 18 we celebrate the Victory Day of the soldiers of Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle on the Ice, 1242), August 9 is the Day of the first Russian naval victory in Russian history under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714 ), September 8 is the Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812), and September 11 is the Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790) . And recently, on September 2, together with the whole world, we celebrated the Day of the end of World War II (1945). So the idea of the Kaluga authorities is not new, they just decided to continue the glorious tradition.
Semyon MIKHAILEVICH
When working on the material, we used historical research Yuri Georgievich Alekseev and other Internet sources.
06.09.2019 11:43
svetsweet.livejournal.com
The idea of the Kaluga authorities - to make November 11, the Day of the end of the Great Standing on the Ugra, an all-Russian memorable date - has become one of the most discussed in recent times. The Kaluga Governor Anatoly Artamonov took the initiative to include this event in the federal list of memorable and festive dates. The bill will be considered at the autumn session of the State Duma of Russia. The designers have already enlisted the support of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Federal Archives, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Justice and the Institute of Legislative and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. This idea has already been supported by more than 60 Russian regions. One of the first to support this initiative was the leadership of the Republic of Mordovia. But the leadership of the Republic of Tatarstan, on the contrary, sent a negative response to this bill to the State Duma of the Russian Federation, seeing elements of extremism in it.
A heated debate also flared up on the Internet about this: is it worth celebrating this event or not. Some unconditionally - "for", as it is patriotic and once again it is never superfluous to celebrate the victory of the Russian people. Others, on the contrary, objected, they say, what else did they find for the holiday of “standing”, it is better to celebrate Suvorov’s crossing through the Alps. Of course, I am in no way opposed to the heroic march of the Russian army under the command of the valiant generalissimo. But there are dates that stand apart in our history and that you need to know. Let's take a tour of history.
Everyone here knows about the Mongol-Tatar invasion and the Golden Horde, they were sufficiently told about this in high school at the lessons of national history. They also know about the Battle of Kulikovo, the textbooks even contained a picture of the duel between Peresvet and Chelubey. Much less is known about Standing on the Ugra in this regard. The Battle of Kulikovo and the Great Stand are separated by 100 years. And it is worth noting that after the battle on the Kulikovo field, the Horde still continued to raid Russian villages, ravaged, killed, deprived of shelter, and still imposed tribute. It was the Standing on the Ugra that completed the history of the Horde yoke on our land. After that, already in the 16th century, in memory of this event, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Vorotynsky Monastery was founded on the Ugra.
In 1462, Ivan III became the Grand Duke of Moscow, the sovereign of all Russia, who would later be called the collector of Russian lands. Historians note him as a wise and cautious politician. He sat on the great reign without the khan's sanction and never communicated with the khans at all, did not negotiate, unlike his predecessors. Moreover, he stopped paying tribute to the Golden Horde. One of the historical versions says that he broke the agreement with the Horde, when its ambassadors once again came for tribute and executed everyone except one. Thus, the conflict was a foregone conclusion, and Khan Akhmat was preparing to punish the recalcitrant Muscovite.
The time for the trip to Moscow was ideally chosen: Prince Ivan found himself in a quarrel with his brothers, who were preparing to go into the service of the Lithuanian prince Casimir IV. At that time, the same Casimir himself invaded the territory of Pskov. I had to hastily make peace with my brothers, acquire a reliable ally in the person of the Crimean Khan Mengi Giray, who was ready to send his troops to the territory of Lithuania in the event of Lithuanian aggression against Moscow. In the summer of 1480, the entire Horde army moved to Russia. Upon learning of this, Ivan III sent his troops under the control of his son Ivan Jr. to Serpukhov, and he himself blocked the crossings of the Oka. In early October, Akhmat's army approached the border with the Moscow state, which passed along the tributary of the Oka - the Ugra River, a little later the Russian army approached there, blocking the enemy's path to Moscow. It should be noted that the location of the army of Ivan III was very successful and made it possible to respond in a timely manner to all movements of the enemy.
The Great Standing on the Ugra began. Historians determine the time of the beginning of this standing - October 8, 1480, and the end - November 11, 1480. During this time, the Horde did not dare to move forward, disappointed in their strength and power. They were no longer as strong as before. The Russians also did not force events, the Grand Duke did not want to expose people to unnecessary danger, expecting a bloodless victory, as it happened. At that time, the prince's confessor, Archbishop Vassian of Rostov, on the contrary, set him up for the battle for Orthodox Christianity against the atheists, assuring him of fervent prayer for the victory of Russian weapons. The fact that the battle did not follow, the enemy retreated and no blood was shed, was attributed in Russia to the miraculous intercession of the Mother of God, who managed to save the Russian land. In this regard, the Ugra got a new name - the belt of the Virgin. Early frosts served to the fact that the Ugra was covered with ice, the Horde ran out of food and hay for horses. The Russians were waiting for the enemy to attack, but there was none, the enemy retreated. The army, led by Grand Duke Ivan III, returned to Moscow in triumph. The Horde yoke, which lasted more than two hundred years, ended.
The great standing on the Ugra was the final stage in the overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. And the birth of Russian sovereignty took place precisely on Kaluga soil. The famous Soviet historian Yuri Alekseev, a specialist in the history of Russia in the XIV-XVI centuries, assessing this event, called it the largest event of the era. Russia became completely independent, no longer paid tribute to anyone. Yuri Georgievich wrote that “The Russian land was saved from the huge in scope and plans of the Horde invasion. However, in November 1480, even the most insightful and far-sighted people were hardly fully aware of the real significance of the events that had taken place. The victory on the Ugra in the autumn of 1480 refers to those truly great historical phenomena, the real significance of which increases over time, and the realization of their true meaning and scale comes only later. The successful completion of the Great Stand on the Ugra was a radical turning point in the entire military-political situation and meant the successful resolution of the most serious and dangerous crisis. The appearance of independence in Russia was proved by the whole course of history, it never again lost sovereignty. In honor of this event, the construction of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin was laid at the time.
Many scientists believe that the Great Standing on the Ugra marked the beginning of a new era. Since that time, the historical rise of Russia began, and the previously paid tribute to the horde and the mechanism for collecting it were now used for their own needs. However, there is evidence that the raids on Russian cities continued after this event and there were facts of tribute.
I think that I will be excused for such a long interpretation of events. I just wanted to emphasize its uniqueness. All other victories for the glory of the Russian land, which took place at sea and on land, were already later. And the starting point was the Great standing on the Ugra. Based on this, many modern historians believe that the initiative to make the Day of the end of standing on the Ugra a federal memorable date has a basis. True, there are sometimes discrepancies between them.
Evgeny Bikeikin, Deputy Director of the Research Institute for the Humanities under the Government of the Republic of Mordovia, Academic Secretary, Doctor of Historical Sciences, shared his opinion with us on this matter.
Dates like this can rightly be called one of the most important in the history of Russian statehood. The events of 1480 had a significant impact on the subsequent development of our country. And modern historians break spears, as a rule, in the field of certain interpretations. Some associate it with the end of the yoke, others argue that there was no yoke. There is another very interesting version regarding the events of 1480, according to which it is worth talking not about the “collapse of the yoke”, which simply did not exist, but about the creation of a system of political unions opposing each other between the states that arose on the ruins of the Golden Horde: the Grand Duchy of Moscow, Crimean and Kazan khanates, Nogai horde. But, the fact remains: standing on the Ugra, called great, was, it is recorded in historical documents. Its reality does not cause anyone doubts, as well as the importance of the event. I believe that the initiative to make November 11 the Day of the end of standing on the Ugra, celebrated at the federal level, no doubt, has a basis.
The question arises: why did the idea to designate this memorable date appear right now? Where was the historical memory before? Evgeny Nikolaevich Bikeikin explains this by the emerging problem of preserving and reproducing historical memory, which is currently quite acute. Some representatives of our youth do not know their history, do not know about the glorious path of their ancestors or have forgotten about it. And now there is a great need to focus the attention of society and, first of all, young people on the most important events in national history, including in this way. All this will contribute, according to the scientist, to the education of patriotism in the younger generation. Dates related to the military past of our country in this matter are of particular importance and perspective. Probably, this date will be indicated in the programs of schools, universities, events dedicated to this event will be held, there will be lectures telling the younger generation about the Great Standing on the Ugra.
The establishment in Russia of a memorable date for the Great Standing on the Ugra was disapprovingly perceived in Tatarstan. President Rustam Minnikhanov opposed its establishment at the federal level. The parliament of the republic saw elements of extremism in the proposed bill, arguing that the appearance of such a holiday would have a bright negative connotation.
Evgeny Bikeikin is a bright opponent of the politicization of science in general, and historical science in particular. And in this case, unfortunately, this is what happens. He does not understand why this event could cause such controversy.
Perhaps the role was played by the fact that this date is associated with the overthrow of the yoke?! Meanwhile, in the draft federal law regarding it, it is written that November 11 is the Day of the victorious end of the great Standing on the Ugra River in 1480. There is no mention of the end of the yoke in the title. In this case, we are talking, first of all, about an event that had a significant impact on the formation of a single Russian centralized state. The transfer of the discussion of the issue under consideration to the political plane is not constructive, in connection with which it is unnecessary to comment on the position of the parliamentarians of Tatarstan. And again, if we discard emotions, we will see that the event under discussion took place, it was important, a cornerstone and had a noticeable impact on the subsequent history of Russia and the peoples living on its territory.
The author fully agrees with Yevgeny Nikolaevich that the dates associated with the glorious past of our country are very important and must be remembered. And, perhaps, the establishment of a new all-Russian memorable date will serve a good cause - once again remind our citizens of the glorious past of the country in which they live. And the Great Standing on the Ugra is not at all a pioneer among the "immortalized" dates. For example, on April 18 we celebrate the Victory Day of the soldiers of Alexander Nevsky over the German knights on Lake Peipsi (Battle on the Ice, 1242), August 9 is the Day of the first Russian naval victory in Russian history under the command of Peter the Great over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714 ), September 8 is the Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812), and September 11 is the Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of F.F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Tendra (1790) . And recently, on September 2, together with the whole world, we celebrated the Day of the end of World War II (1945). So the idea of the Kaluga authorities is not new, they just decided to continue the glorious tradition.
Semyon MIKHAILEVICH
When working on the material, historical research by Yuri Georgievich Alekseev and other Internet sources were used.
The great standing on the Ugra lasted several months and was accompanied by local combat clashes between the united Russian troops and the Horde hordes. There was no general battle. The great standing ended on November 11, 1480, when Akhmat left the banks of the Ugra, heading for his own land, to the capital, ruined by Russian Cossacks together with Crimean Tatars.
This led to the birth of an independent Russian state centered in Moscow, to the birth of Russian sovereignty. That is why the Kaluga land is the birthplace of Russian sovereignty. Our statehood November 11, 2017 will be 537 years old.
After the great standing on the Ugra, the neighboring countries recognized the Muscovite state both legally and in fact. On the banks of the Ugra, a power was born that never again lost its sovereignty. The names of the country changed (Moscow State, Russia, Russian empire, USSR, Russian Federation), epochs changed (the great turmoil, the reforms of Peter the Great, the Decembrist uprising, the liberation reforms and the counter-reformation, a series of revolutions, etc.), but, in spite of everything, Russian statehood was never interrupted.
Ivan III, the conqueror of Khan Akhmat, is the founder of the sovereign Russian state.
On the present stage community development the problem of the sovereignty of nation-states comes to the fore. In the era of globalization, all nation-states without exception experience comprehensive pressure from various transnational structures, redistributing a significant part of their sovereign powers in their favor. The Russian Federation is not going to scatter its sovereignty, keeping it to the maximum extent possible. President of Russia V.V. Putin, the patriotic forces and the state-oriented Russian elite are doing everything possible to strengthen the sovereignty of our country.
In addition to the measures taken, a system of symbols is needed that emphasizes the value of Russia's sovereignty. One of these symbols is the sign historical event- The great standing on the Ugra in 1480, which resulted in the liberation of the Russian people and other peoples of our country from the Horde yoke. The main result of this liberation was the appearance on the political map of the world of a new independent state, initially large, initially multinational. neighboring countries have recognized Russian state centered in Moscow both de jure and de facto. On the banks of the Ugra, a power was born that never again lost its sovereignty. The names of the state changed (Moscow State, Russia, the Russian Empire, the USSR, the Russian Federation), eras changed (the great turmoil, Peter's reforms, the Decembrist uprising, liberation reforms and counter-reformation, a series of revolutions, etc.), but, in spite of everything , Russian statehood has never been interrupted.
The nationwide celebration of the anniversary of the Great Stand on the Ugra River is a celebration in honor of the birth of Russian sovereignty, in honor of the triumph of Russian statehood. It is proposed to make Kaluga, the birthplace of Russian sovereignty, the center of the festival. In the Kaluga region, on the territory of the Vladimir Skete, there is a diorama by the famous artist Pavel Ryzhenko “The Great Standing on the Ugra”. On this section of the Ugra coast stood the united Russian troops.
November 11, 1480 - this is the day when Khan Akhmat, who lost the military campaign, left the banks of the Ugra for the devastated Sarai. The Horde forever lost power over the Russian land, which gained independence. This happened 536 years ago.
In the village of Dvortsy, Dzerzhinsky District, on July 14, a military-historical festival dedicated to the Standing on the Ugra River in 1480 will be held. Guests of the holiday will enjoy a military-historical reconstruction, interactive entertainment programs, theatrical performances, a historical fair, master classes, games for adults and children.
The central event of the festival will be the reconstruction of the hostilities of the times of Ivan III the Great. The bogatyrs of Muscovite Russia and the warriors of the Great Horde will meet in battle on the banks of the Ugra River.
The program of the military-historical festival "The Great Standing on the Ugra River in 1480"
Location: Dvortsy village, Dzerzhinsky district, Kaluga region, Vladimirsky skete, floodplain of the Ugra river.
Entrance to the festival is free.
Vladimir Skete, Dvortsy village
11:00–11:30 Prayer service in memory of the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480
11:30 - 12:00 - Flower-laying ceremony at the Poklonny Cross on the territory of the Vladimir Skete. Honoring veterans of the Second World War - residents of the Kaluga region, awarded with a medal"For the Defense of Moscow"
10:00 -17:00 – Museum exposition and diorama by P.V. Ryzhenko "The Great Standing on the Ugra"
Site of military-historical reconstruction on the banks of the Ugra River at the memorial sign dedicated to the Great Stand
13:00-14:00 – Concert program. First branch
14:00-15:00 - Solemn rally dedicated to the 538th anniversary of the Great Standing on the Ugra. Reconstruction of the battle of the Horde and Russian troops on the Ugra River
15:00-17:00 - Concert program. Second branch
12:00 - 17:00 - Operation of the sites of the military-historical festival:
- camp of Russian rati,
- camp of the Great Horde,
- military historical interactives,
- craft settlement, fair, refectory,
- attractions and entertainment.
THE VILLAGE OF PALACES (KALUGA REGION), July 14 - RIA Novosti. The reconstruction of the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480, as a result of which Russia gained independence from the Horde yoke, became the central event of the Days of Moscow in the Kaluga region.
Standing on the Ugra in 1480 was the end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke in Russia. From October 8 to November 11, 1480, the Horde tried to cross the river, but eventually abandoned their attempts, faced with the resistance of Russian artillery.
The celebration began with prayer singing with the participation of the Metropolitan of Kaluga and Borovsk Clement in the Vladimir Skete, on the territory that in 1480 was occupied by the troops participating in the Standing.
"Today we are celebrating another anniversary of the Standing on the Ugra River, we are remembering the year 1480. It was here that the future of our Russian state, the future of our Russian land, our Russian people, was decided, because the enemy was moving in order to put an end to the confrontation between Moscow, the Russian people, Orthodox Church not only with the Horde - and the Polish king Sigismund wanted to put an end to Russia, to Orthodoxy as soon as possible," said Metropolitan Clement, addressing the audience after the completion of the prayer service.
The main event of the celebration was the reconstruction of the events of 1480, which was attended by about 300 reenactors from Kaluga, Moscow, Moscow region, Orel, St. Petersburg, Tula, Tatarstan and Bashkortostan.
According to the director of the United Museum-Reserve of the Kaluga Region Vitaly Bessonov, who organized the military-historical festival "The Great Standing on the Ugra River", the event has already become a tradition, and medieval reenactors from all over Russia are proactively offering their participation.
“All this is here today so that those who came to the field plunge into the atmosphere of the 15th century and become accomplices in this process,” Bessonov said.
According to him, the costumes are created specifically for the festival.
"Costumes are everything that is done by the reenactors themselves. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that each person individually recreates a certain character, a certain image for himself, and then reconstructs this image and presents it to the public. The more accurately, the more detailed a person is immersed in an era, the more interesting is the image that he recreates. And there are quite a lot of such specialized reenactors here today," the director of the joint museum explained.
This is not the first time that reenactor Aleksey from the Moscow club of military-historical reconstruction "Russian Fortress" has been in the Kaluga region. At the festival he presents Russian army. According to him, the costumes were made by ourselves.
"We focus on various sources. For example, an analogue of this belt was found in Novgorod, this element of armor is called" Boat ", it was distributed from the 10th to the 16th century. We sew, we study different sources - this is in winter, and in summer we travel around various festivals," says Alexey.
According to Bessonov, the reconstruction has a script, but the action on the field "unfolds life itself."
Life on the field
"Reconstruction is not a orchestrated system. There is a certain scenario, but life itself unfolds on the field, and this is the beauty of reconstruction, we cannot predict how the battle will turn, how it will happen. We understand some stages, but directly on the field everything happens in the mode of life," Bessonov said, calling it a feature that distinguishes staged mass events from a military-historical festival.
The action of the reconstruction unfolded on two flanks: the Horde and Russian with the participation of cavalry, artillery (thanks to which the Russian army was able to defeat the Horde). The "highlight of the program" this year was the medieval boat, on which, according to the scenario, Persian merchants arrived, and then the Russian army was rafted.
In the evening, according to the reenactor Alexei, another battle will take place - already without a mass audience, where the battle will go on with unfinished weapons.
"For us, it has already become a sport - a historical medieval battle," says Alexei.
According to Anatoly Artamonov, the governor of the Kaluga region, the inhabitants of the region should be proud of the great past of the region, on the territory of which the fate of the state was repeatedly decided.
“But what is our mission with you, the ideas that live today on this sacred land? I think that these are two missions that we must sacredly fulfill,” Artamonov said, speaking before the start of the reconstruction.
According to him, firstly, it is necessary to remember those great feats that were performed by all those who fought here for freedom and independence. Secondly, according to Artamonov, it is necessary to correspond to their feat, “so that no one could say that someone shed blood in vain, endured all these hardships and hardships in vain during their implementation. feat of arms and during the formation and development of our Russian state".
The celebration in Kaluga will continue with the laying of flowers at the monument Ivan III, which was opened in November last year with the participation of the Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation Vladimir Medinsky.
The day will end with a festive concert with the participation of stars.