Research project "a city where it is easy to breathe". Is it easy for you to breathe? How to protect the air in our city
1. On your own or with the help of a textbook, sign on the diagram which gaseous substances are part of the air.
Mark with pencils different color(of their choice) which gas living beings breathe in and which they exhale.
Decipher the conventions you used:
2. According to the results of the research, fill in the table.
3. Use a schematic drawing to depict how air particles are arranged during heating and cooling. (Indicate air particles with circles.)
Wise Turtle and complete her tasks.
Air is the protector of the living
Herbaceous plants wintering under the snow do not freeze because there is a lot of air in it. Thanks to the air, cold snow serves as a warm “blanket” for plants.
By winter, the fur of animals becomes thicker, and that of birds - feathers. Between thick hairs, feathers linger more air, and the animal is warmer in winter.
1) These facts are explained by another property of the air, which we have not talked about yet. Think about what this property is. air is a poor conductor of heat.
2) Give an example proving that this property of air is important not only for plants and animals, but also for humans - there is air between the body and clothing of a person and in the clothing itself, so clothing retains the heat of our body
check yourself.
5. Design and draw on separate sheet poster "Save the air!".
Look what your friends have drawn. If you have ideas how you can help protect the air, discuss them and do it.
6. On the instructions of the textbook, find out and write down what is being done in your city to protect the air.
In our city, to protect the air at enterprises, filters are installed on pipes, trees are planted in parks and forests. Also, new traffic interchanges are being built in the city to eliminate traffic jams.
About the air...
Answers to pages 48 - 49
1. Remember what the wind is.
Wind is moving air. The earth in different places is heated differently by the sun's rays. The air also heats up from the ground. Warm air is lighter than cold air. He rises up. And cold air rushes to take its place. This is where the wind comes in.
2. Why is the air polluted?
From the pipes of plants and factories, from the exhaust pipes of cars, harmful substances enter the air and it becomes polluted.
- Continue thought:
Air surrounds us everywhere: on the street, in the classroom, in the room. Air cannot be seen, but it can be felt if... wave your hand sharply or bend over; run; when the wind blows, open the window, turn on the fan.
- Using a picture, tell about the importance of air for plants, animals, and humans.
People, plants and animals need air to breathe, and therefore to live.
- Look at the photo and diagram. Try to explain why the air is polluted, what it affects, how to protect the air from pollution.
For normal life, a person needs a small amount carbon dioxide. It is necessary for the process of respiration, blood circulation. But if the carbon dioxide in the air is more than the permissible norm, it can harm the human body. We get oxygen from the air we breathe. We breathe out carbon dioxide. The same thing happens in animals and plants. But plants need carbon dioxide to feed, which they get from the air, and release oxygen. Thus, a constant air composition is maintained.
But a person interferes with this balance and violates it with his activity. By cutting down forests, we reduce the amount of oxygen. And even more carbon dioxide becomes due to the fact that the pipes of factories and factories throw it into the atmosphere in whole clouds. The balance of the required ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air is disturbed. It harms not only our health, but the entire planet.
In order for industrial enterprises not to pollute the air, cleaning plants must be installed on them.
- Find out what is being done to keep the air clean in your area.
There are two environmental posts in our city that monitor the state of environment, including fixing the excess of the permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air.
The main polluting factor is cars. In our city, there are a lot of people who use vehicles on gasoline, this negatively affects the purity of the air. Ports, ship discharges and landfills can also be causes – and although they are actually not very many, their impact should not be underestimated.
Is the air really cleaner in Moscow?
it complex issue, I personally thought that Moscow is more polluted. The conclusion of the study seems strange to me, so it will be necessary to take a closer look at what parameters were taken into account and how the calculations were made.
Is it possible to improve the situation in St. Petersburg
It is certainly possible, and it is very important for the city and its inhabitants. It is necessary to pay attention to all sources of pollution and apply measures in three directions. First, it is necessary to reduce the impact of cars on the air: switch to diesel fuel, use public transport, which now increasingly uses electric motors. It is necessary to develop convenient hiking trails so that residents use cars less. Secondly, it is necessary to create blowing corridors in the city - these are spaces through which the wind carries pollution. They must be, they cannot be built up, so that nothing interferes with the wind. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to how construction is going on and whether it contributes to improving the environment. And thirdly, to continue greening the city so that the plants purify the air.
“What should a simple citizen do? Abandon the car, landscaping and sorting garbage "
Is the air bad for city dwellers?
Based on global and Russian research, we can say with confidence that polluted air is beginning to have an increasing impact on residents, including life expectancy, its quality and health.
What can an ordinary Petersburger do to improve the situation
Use the car as little as possible, impose increased requirements on new buildings, namely, to see if there is a green zone, whether environmentally friendly materials are used in the arrangement of a residential complex. Every resident of the city must fight and contribute to the process of planting greenery in St. Petersburg. And, of course, you still need to get used to sorting waste, as in Western countries.
Is the environmental situation in St. Petersburg improving or worsening?
To answer this question, we need to recall the post-Soviet situation, when great amount enterprises whose activities have a detrimental effect on the environment. Gradually there were fewer of them, but they were replaced by cars. The world has long been thinking about these problems, fighting them in different ways: someone imposes a ban on gasoline cars, someone is trying to draw attention to buses and the subway. Russia is at the trial stage, and I think the situation will improve sooner or later. The main thing is to look at the problem comprehensively: take into account not only transport, but also how construction is being carried out.
- Introduction
- Main part
2.1. Acquaintance with city parks
2.2. Presentation of the project at the City Project Fair.
2.3. Stages of making a layout of the "Family Recreation Park"
- Conclusion
- Applications
Introduction
Today in the world there are many environmental issues. Large funds are spent on fighting environmental disasters, people dream of buying environmentally friendly products, breathing clean air, drinking clean water and rest in unpolluted places. Cut down the forest - the forest river will dry up, the animals will disappear without drinking, the earth and even the air will deteriorate, since the forest is a source of oxygen. Or, let's say, on the contrary, the wind will drive the air from the factories, spoiled by toxic impurities, to the forest, and the forest will die. But after all, not only trees breathe air, and with it factory smoke, but also people who live near the plant and work on it.
There is a branch of the Ilim Group in our city - it is a giant pulp and paper mill, a chemical plant, construction organizations - they give people work, but, unfortunately, they pollute the air. In addition, the source of air pollution is automobile transport. The situation in the city is aggravated by the fact that the number of vehicles is growing every year.
I was interested in the state of atmospheric air in our city and recreation areas of citizens. My students and I went to the Department of Environmental Protection and Nature Management under the City Administration. There we were provided with data on atmospheric air samples from 2004 to 2008 and were told about the state of green spaces in the town.
A survey was conducted among the residents of the city. The following data were obtained: 91 people out of 100 respondents believe that our city has an unfavorable ecological situation, and 90 people out of 100 consider the air to be the most polluted.
I, students and parents of my class would like the situation in the city to change for the better. We want to live in a city with clean air.
Our city hosted the "Project Fair", where we presented research project on the theme: "A city where it's easy to breathe."
Object of study: city.
Subject of study: family recreation park layout.
Purpose of the study: Create a layout for a family vacation park.
Research objectives:
- Get acquainted with the state of recreation parks in the city.
- Visit the Department of Environmental Protection and Nature Management under the City Administration.
- Create a layout of the "Family Recreation Park"
Hypothesis: is it possible to solve the problem of clean air in the city of Koryazhma.
Working methods: questioning, excursion, reading scientific literature, lessons of the surrounding world, designing.
Main part
1. Acquaintance with city parks.
All residents of Koryazhma are very worried about the future of their native city.
They want to live in a city where the air is clean.
Clean air is a problem in cities and towns. In order to breathe easily, the city should have as many green spaces as possible, since plants are the lungs of our planet. I conducted a study with the students: "The state of the green zone of the city."
We noticed what a meager place the green zone occupies in relation to the territory of the city. We also examined the state of parks and squares of the city. Our research has shown that parks and squares in the city of Koryazhma are in a deplorable state.
2. Presentation of the project at the City Project Fair.
The Head of the City Administration can change the situation in the city.
I built the project on the basis of the election campaign of the future Head of the Administration of the city of Koryazhma Kirill Varaksin, a student of our class.
In his election campaign, we identified the following areas;
- regularly inform the population about water, soil and air pollution;
- organize effective control over the state of the environment in the city (protection of forest park areas and green areas, improvement and timely cleaning of city parks and green areas)
- landscaping of adjacent territories;
- landscaping of the roadsides of the main streets
- construction of a new recreation area on the territory of the city "Family Recreation Park".
He presented the concept of the Family Recreation Park project.
In our city there is a branch of the Ilim Group - a pulp and paper mill, a chemical plant, construction organizations - they give people work, but, unfortunately, they pollute the air. In addition, the source of air pollution is motor transport, including private. The situation is aggravated by the fact that the number of vehicles is growing every year. All this creates unfavorable conditions for human life, threatens his health. He, as the future head of the city administration, represents one of the areas of his election program - "Ecology".
One of the points of the program is the construction of the Family Recreation Park. How the park will look like, you can see on the layout. We are confident that in the future, becoming the head of the city, he will be able to implement this project and make a city with clean air.
3. Stages of manufacturing the layout of the "Family Recreation Park"
- The study of literature.
- Excursion to the Cedar Grove.
- Selection of materials for the manufacture of the layout.
- Making a layout of the "Family Recreation Park" ( Appendix 2)
Conclusion
Children and parents took part in the work on the project. And we see the results of this cooperation - the layout of the Family Recreation Park. (Appendix) After completion of the work, a survey was conducted among the project participants.
To the question “Do you think that the construction of the Family Recreation Park in our city will partially solve the problem of air pollution?” we received the following responses:
A good idea!
It will be great!
Finally - then we will have a cool place to relax!
And parents noted that such work together with parents is useful for the child. Projects of this kind the child should do with the active participation of an adult.
We hope that representatives of the City Administration will see the layout and at least partially implement it.
This is our "Family Park"!
Chita hosted the participants of the eco-forum "Ecology of Urbanized and Mining Territories of the Trans-Baikal Territory" this week. It talked a lot about the dirty air in our city. According to this indicator, Chita is among the leaders of the "black" rating of the country. What will the Chita people themselves say about this?
Olesya, 32 years old, psychologist:
- I do not feel that the air in Chita is particularly polluted. This problem is relevant during seasonal fires, when the city is enveloped in smog. Then I try not to leave the house unnecessarily, I don’t open windows and do wet cleaning more often.
Lyudmila Mikhailovna, 64 years old, pensioner:
The air in our city is dirty. I have allergic bronchitis, so the air with impurities of smoke and exhaust gases makes me cough badly.
Vladimir, system administrator, 35 years old:
- In Chita, the air is quite polluted, this is especially felt in the Ostrov region, most likely because there is a lowland in which all harmful substances accumulate.
Larisa Anatolyevna, 43 years old, teacher kindergarten:
- Every year, with the beginning of the heating season, the air becomes dirtier, it is difficult for them to breathe. harmful substances even clothes are impregnated, let alone our lungs. To at least breathe more freely in my own apartment, I breed indoor plants.
Victoria, 21 years old, student:
- I think our air is quite clean. It happens, of course, smog, but not so often to say that the city has a terrible environmental situation.
Sergey, 21 years old, auto mechanic:
- Compared to Angarsk, where chemical plants are located, the air in Chita is not very dirty. But many residents still complain about gas pollution. As an auto mechanic, I can give advice to drivers: reduce fuel consumption, do not waste it.
Albina, 29 years old, seller:
- In the Solnechny microdistrict, where we live with our family, the air is very good. Our house is on a hill, near the forest. We breathe much easier than in the same Kashtak, where private houses are heated with coal. My body reacts sharply to harmful impurities - a cough begins, and breathing is complicated. For this reason, we plan to install an air purifier and humidifier at home.
Mikhail, 45, unemployed:
- I do not feel that our city has polluted air. Before, in my opinion, the situation was worse. Now at least emissions from boiler houses have decreased and railway, but there remains a problem with exhaust gases from cars.
Elena Anatolyevna, 53 years old, teacher:
- I feel polluted air during fires. It is difficult to breathe in the city center during rush hour - the level of exhaust gases goes off scale. At times, allergies, lacrimation begin. Therefore, you need to at least clean the air at home.
Alexander, 28 years old, lawyer:
- There are no factories in Chita, but there are some air pollution factors - boiler houses that burn coal, firewood and industrial waste. Together with the not entirely successful location of the city - in a lowland among the hills, this gives multiple excesses of the permissible standards for air pollution.
Julia, 22 years old, administrator:
- Sometimes it is even impossible to open the windows in the apartment - immediately the smell of smoke and exhaust fumes. This cannot but affect health, just not all people understand that polluted air is the cause of some ailments. I clean the air at home with an air conditioner.