From what fable did the donkey see the nightingale. Ivan Krylov
An unfair situation, when an ignoramus undertakes to judge things that are beyond his mind and taste, is offensively common. About this - the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" by Ivan Krylov.
Conflict
Contemporaries said that the poet was inspired to create a work by an incident from his life. A high-ranking nobleman, after listening to Krylov's artistic performance of fables, praised the writer, but scolded him for not taking an example from another author (who wrote much weaker than Krylov). Having thrown out his resentment in the fable, Ivan Andreevich nevertheless managed to create an illustration of a typical disagreement between an undeniably talented creator and an ignorant, but self-confident critic. The conflict is doomed to be eternal. His multiple projection into our lives came true with the onset of times when "the cook began to rule the state." Creators who have experienced moments of agonizing bewilderment, when influential people patted them on the shoulder condescendingly, speaking outright nonsense about their works, are gratified to see the allegorical depiction of this collision as it is represented by the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale".
Artistic media
The author generously uses to depict the characters, the style of speech of the heroes, the description of the absurdity of the situation. First of all, opposition comes into play. The donkey, the personification of stubbornness and stupidity, contrasts with the Nightingale, a symbol of inspiration and poetry. The rough speech of the Donkey immediately reveals his uncouth and ambitious nature. He addresses the Nightingale in a simple way: friend, craftsman ... The donkey heard about the charming singing of the Nightingale, but doubts: "... is it really great ... skill?" Nightingale's answer - heavenly singing - delights everything around. The noun "skill" used by the Donkey is opposed to the art shown by the Nightingale.
The author offers a cascade of verbs reinforcing each other, conveying a uniquely beautiful trill: “clicked”, “whistled”, “shimmered”, “pulled”, “gently weakened”, “given a flute”, “scattered like a shot”. The fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" draws the complete harmony that arises in nature and in the souls of people from the song of the Nightingale. No wonder the author uses high vocabulary here: everything listened to the pet, calmed down, the herds lay down. There is a pastoral motive. The story reaches its climax when the shepherd listens to the Nightingale "breathing a little". As soon as the song stops, the Donkey throws his ponderous assessment: “Pretty much!” Krylov multiplies the satirical effect by describing how the "profound" critic reacts to the quivering art of the singer: stupidly "staring at the ground with his forehead." To him, the Nightingale is just "you can listen without boredom." And of course, he considers himself a great connoisseur, so he believes that his duty is to teach. The donkey importantly remarks, inserting here the colloquial word "pricked up", that the Nightingale would sing better if he "learned a little" from the rooster. The moral of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" is expressed in a short and capacious phrase: "Deliver us, God, from such judges." And in fact, a false donkey authority is a big obstacle in the way of art, designed to ennoble life.
Krylov's fable "Donkey and Nightingale" in notes
The plot of Krylov's story inspired Russian composers to create works of the same name on this theme. Dmitri Shostakovich, in his work “Two Fables by I. Krylov”, with extraordinary expression, conveyed in melodic language the collision life positions heroes. Rimsky-Korsakov's romance to the words of a popular fable is also very expressive.
Incompetence, inertia, lack of tact, inability to subtle spiritual impulses - these are the qualities that the Donkey and the Nightingale fable makes fun of, or rather, its author, a brilliant publicist, poet and translator Ivan Andreevich Krylov.
One of the most common vices of all mankind is the love of evaluating everything and everyone, regardless of the existence of grounds for this, the necessary knowledge and other things. This vice formed the basis of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale".
Fable "Donkey and Nightingale"
The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
Is your skill really great?
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
Favorite and singer of Aurora;
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
“Fairly,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him,
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered - and flew far away fields.
God save us from such judges.
The moral of Krylov's fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"
The moral in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale" is the result of the story: the author concluded it in the last line. Although even without it, it is obvious to the reader how ridiculous and absurd the assessment looks to those who do not understand at all what they are judging.
Analysis of the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"
In the presented fable, the main action takes place between two heroes: the Donkey and the Nightingale.
- The first is an ignoramus, who knows nothing about singing and does not have an ear for music at all, but is so self-confident as to undertake to evaluate the singing of a nightingale.
- The second is a real talent (this is confirmed by the numerous epithets of the author in his address, and descriptions of the actions that took place during his singing with others), a master of his craft, and everyone knows this, except for the Donkey, who asks the bird to demonstrate his skills.
Absolutely ignorant of music and being a stupid animal by nature, the Donkey criticizes what he hears and encourages the Nightingale to take lessons from the rooster - a noisy bird that screams in the morning without hearing or melody. Offended by such a comparison, the Nightingale, without dropping a word, simply flies away.
Through the prism of the described situation in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale", Ivan Andreevich wanted to show the reader how stupid it is to be offended and prove something to the judges, who most often do not understand what they criticize / judge. The reason for this teaching was a real incident from the life of Krylov, when one of the nobles of that time (according to some it was Count Razumovsky, according to others - Prince A. N. Golitsyn) asked the fabulist to read out several of his works, and then asked, why they differ from those written by Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, thereby insulting the "Nightingale" of Russian literature.
Winged expressions from the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale"
“God deliver us from such judges” is a reproach phrase from the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale” to an ignorant critic.
We are surprised at the naturalness of Krylov's fables, elegant simplicity and wit, depth of thought and artistic finishing of details. Donkey - a frequent guest of Krylov's fables; an unintelligent character.
"Donkey and Man"
Man, for the summer in the garden
Having hired the Donkey, he assigned
Ravens and sparrows drive a sassy kind.
The donkey had the most honest rules:
Neither rapacity nor theft is unfamiliar;
He did not profit from the master's leaf
And the birds, it's a sin to say that he gave a prank;
But the profit from the garden was bad for the Muzhik:
Donkey, chasing birds, from all donkey legs,
Along all the ridges, and along and across,
Raised such a leap
That in the garden he crushed and trampled everything.
Seeing here that his work was gone,
Peasant on the back of a donkey
He avenged the loss with a club.
“And nothing! - everyone shouts, - the cattle deservedly:
With his mind
Get on with this business!"
And I will say - not in order to intercede for the Donkey:
He, for sure, is to blame (a calculation has been made with him), -
But it seems that he is not right,
Who instructed the Donkey to guard his garden.
The poet and fabulist, Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, was the first to convince Krylov to write fables after reading the three fables of Lafontaine translated by Krylov. Having overcome a certain psychological threshold and drowned out his passion for dramatic poetry, Krylov began to look more closely at the fable genre.
"Donkey and Nightingale"
The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: “Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing!
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
Is your skill really great?
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
Favorite and singer of Aurora;
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds came.
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him,
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead:
“Fairly,” he says, “it’s not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him,
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered - and flew far away fields.
God save us from such judges!
Most often, Krylov read his fables in the house of A.N. Olenin in a brilliant society of lovers of the Russian word. Here the impression made by his short creations was enormous. People crowded around the poet, stood on chairs, listened without uttering a word. The effect of Krylov's fables was incredible. As a contemporary noted, "the fables read by the author himself equaled the effect of Catalani's arias."
"Fox and Donkey"
“From where, smart, are you wandering, head?” -
The fox, meeting with the Donkey, asked him.
“Now only from Leo!
Well, gossip, where did his strength go:
It used to growl, so the forest around groans,
And I'm running without memory
Where the eyes look, from this freak;
And now in old age and decrepit and frail,
Completely powerless
Lying in a cave like a deck.
Would you believe, in the beasts
Gone was all his fear,
And he paid off old debts!
Whoever walked past Leo, everyone took revenge on him
In your own way:
Who with a tooth, who with horns ... "-
“But you didn’t dare to touch the Lion, of course?” -
Donkey Fox interrupts.
“Here on! - The donkey answers her, -
And what should I be afraid of? and I kicked him:
Let the donkey's hooves know!"
So low souls, be noble, you are strong,
They do not dare to raise their eyes to you;
But only fall from a height
From the first, expect resentment and annoyance from them.
Zhukovsky highly appreciated Krylov's fables. He was among Krylov's best friends and celebrated his creations. Ivan Andreevich enjoyed spending time in his apartment, at parties, in the company of Pushkin, Batyushkov, Prince Vyazemsky, Gnedich, Uvarov, Karamzin.
"Owl and Donkey"
Blind Donkey lost his way in the forest
(He was on a long journey).
But at night my madman wandered into the thicket,
That he could not move back or forward.
And the sighted would not get out of trouble here;
But Owl in the vicinity, fortunately, happened
And he undertook to be a guide to the Donkey.
Everyone knows Owls are like sharp-eyed at night:
Rapids, ditches, mounds, hillocks -
All this was distinguished by my Owl, as if during the day,
And in the morning I got out on an even path with the Donkey.
Well, how to part with such a conductor?
Here asks the Owl Donkey to stay with him,
And he decided to go all over the world with Owl.
My eagle lord
Sat down on the ridge of the Donkey,
And they began to keep the way; just happy? - Not:
Only the sun in the sky in the morning began to play,
Owl's eyes became darker than the night.
However, my Owl is stubborn:
Donkey advises and at random and right.
“Beware! - shouts, - to the right we will be in a puddle.
But there was no puddle, and to the left it turned out worse.
“Take more to the left, step more to the left!”
And - boom Donkey, and with Owl, into the ravine.
The Imperial Public Library once held scattered sheets, chipped with a pin. A note was made on a special sheet by Gnedich’s hand: “A copy of the fables, chipped with a pin, which Ivan Andreevich Krylov had with him in this form when he read to Empress Maria Feodorovna in the Winter Palace in 1813, being with me.” He usually wrote on scraps and kept crumpled sheets in his pocket.
"Apelles and the Donkey"
Who is infected with pride through measure,
He is sweet to himself and in what he is funny to others;
And often that he happens to boast,
What should he be ashamed of.
Meeting with the Donkey, Apelles
Calls the Oslenk to visit;
Bones played in Oslenka;
The colt suffocates the forest with boasting
And he says to the animals: “How boring Apelles is to me!
I am tormented by them:
Well, everything calls to itself, wherever I meet him.
I think my friends
He intends to write Pegasus from me.
“No,” Apelles said, happening close to here:
Intending to write Midas judgment,
I wanted to write off your ears for Midas;
And if you come to me, I will be glad:
Donkey ears to me and at least met a lot,
But such, how rich you are,
Not only donkeys
I didn’t even see donkeys.”
The reason for the creation of the fable was an incident from the life of Krylov: "Some nobleman (according to some, Count Razumovsky, according to others, Prince A.N. Golitsyn), perhaps following the example of Empress Maria Feodorovna, who patronized the poet, and perhaps, sincerely wanting to get to know him, he invited him to his place and asked him to read two or three fables, fables. Krylov artistically read several fables, including one borrowed from Lafontaine. The nobleman listened to him favorably and thoughtfully said: "That's good , but why don't you translate like Yves. Iv. Dmitriev?" - "I can't," the poet answered modestly. That was the end of the conversation. Returning home, the fabulist, touched to the quick, poured his bile in the fable "The Donkey and the Nightingale." After the publication of Krylov's fable, they began to call it "The Nightingale." into literature.
Here the Nightingale began to show his art ... - The description of the nightingale's singing and the impression it made caused the unanimous approval of contemporaries and subsequent critics.
DONKEY AND NIGHTINGALING
The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: "Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
To the favorite and singer of Aurora:
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds came.
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, the shepherdess
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead;
"Fairly," he says, "it's not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him."
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered and - flew to distant fields.
Deliver us, God, from such judges.
Read by I. Lyubeznov
Ivan Alexandrovich Lyubeznov. Date of birth ... Lyubeznov I. A. - the first husband of the People's Artist of the USSR Marina Alekseevna Ladynina (1908-2003).
Ivan Andreevich Krylov (February 2, 1769, Moscow - November 9, 1844, St. Petersburg) - Russian poet, fabulist, translator, employee of the Imperial Public Library, State Councilor, Full member of the Imperial Russian Academy(1811), ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the Department of the Russian Language and Literature (1841).
In his youth, Krylov was known primarily as a satirist writer, publisher of the satirical magazine "Mail of Spirits" and the parody tragicomedy "Trumph", which ridiculed Paul I. Krylov is the author of more than 200 fables from 1809 to 1843, they were published in nine parts and were reprinted in very large editions for those times. In 1842, his works were published in German translation. The plots of many fables go back to the works of Aesop and Lafontaine, although there are many original plots.
Many expressions from Krylov's fables have become winged.
The fables of I. A. Krylov were set to music, for example, by A. G. Rubinstein - the fables “Cuckoo and Eagle”, “Donkey and Nightingale”, “Dragonfly and Ant”, “Quartet”.
Krylov's Fable: Donkey and Nightingale
Donkey and nightingale - Krylov's fable- The donkey saw the Nightingale
And he says to him: "Listen, my friend!
You, they say, are a great master of singing.
I would very much like
Judge for yourself, hearing your singing,
How great is your skill?"
Here the Nightingale began to show his art:
Clicked, whistled
In a thousand frets, pulled, shimmered;
That gently he weakened
And languid in the distance resounded with a flute,
That small fraction suddenly crumbled through the grove.
Everyone was paying attention then
Favorite and singer of Aurora;
The winds subsided, the choruses of the birds fell silent,
And the herds lay down
Breathing a little, the shepherd admired him
And only sometimes
Listening to the Nightingale, he smiled at the shepherdess.
The singer has died. Donkey, staring at the ground with his forehead,
"Fairly," he says, "it's not false to say,
You can listen without boredom;
It's a pity that I don't know
You are with our rooster;
Even if you were more aggravated,
If only I could learn a little from him,
Hearing such a court, my poor Nightingale
He fluttered - and flew far away fields.
God save us from such judges.