What are the moral values of the poem. Why is Mtsyri considered a romantic hero? What moral values are affirmed in the poem? Who and how wrote the poem Mtsyri
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri" is rightfully considered one of the pinnacles of M.Yu. Lermontov. The work is united by a common mood. In it, the author created the character of a young highlander, exceptional in strength and courage.
The boy was captivated as a child, and due to illness he remained to live within the walls of the monastery. However, just as a meadow flower is difficult to grow in a garden, so Mtsyri suffered painfully in captivity. He was tormented by nostalgia, and he "looked, sighing, to the east", tormented by homesickness. This patriotic feeling entered his life unconsciously, instinctively, as if with mother's milk. Gradually, Mtsyri got used to captivity:
I began to understand a foreign language,
Was baptized by the holy father
And, unfamiliar with the noisy light,
Already wanted in the color of years
Take a monastic vow.
But the strength of character did not allow the proud highlander to reconcile himself and stay forever in the monastic monastery. Risking his life, he fled. In his confession, he told how he spent three days at large:
I lived little, and lived in captivity.
Such two lives in one
But only full of anxiety
I would change if I could
He exclaims with delight. This fidelity to the tribal way of life, combined with the tragic motif of orphanhood, causes involuntary sympathy for the young highlander. The proud, freedom-loving young man paid the price of his life for the right to know a breath of freedom, to see the peaks of the gray Caucasus. However, Mtsyri has the most ordinary, natural human feelings. He, for example, experiences fear at the edge of the abyss. His heart melts at the sound of the voice of a young Georgian woman.
Interestingly, the patriotic theme is revealed in the poem not so much through Mtsyri's declarative statements, but through admiring the beauties of the Caucasus.
The young man calls himself timid, weeps from annoyance, not finding the way to his native village. But his purposefulness, his desire to see his native country at any cost, on the contrary, testify to the mental stamina of the hero. On the way, he suffers from hunger, but does not turn back. After a fight with a mighty leopard, he realizes that he could be "in the land of his fathers. Not one of the last daring ones." In the scene of the battle between Mtsyri and the leopard, Lermontov, with frankness and directness, emphasizes the warlike spirit in the character of his hero. This is primarily a fighter, and in a bloody fight, ancient hunting instincts are exposed in him.
After the battle with the leopard, the wounded Mtsyri feels that he is dying. Through his dying thoughts, Lermontov shows the depth and tenderness of the young man's soul. Only a creatively gifted, rich nature can understand nature so subtly.
Using the image of Mtsyra as an example, Lermontov teaches to love life in its entirety, to be devoted native land, for each person is maximally happy where he was born, where he is destined to live by God and destiny. Mtsyri dies with the thought of his homeland, bequeathing to be transferred to a garden from where the Caucasus is visible, and hopes that he will send his last greetings to his prodigal son with a cool breeze.
The poem "Mtsyri" is a hymn to an unconquered person. Of course, Mtsyri was created as a romantic hero, but the closeness of his views to the author's is obvious. Thus, we can confidently assert that Lermontov's ideal of a person is a free hero-fighter, who is actively related to life, who knows how not only to love and feel subtly the world but also to fight for the realization of their dreams. N.P. Ogarev believed that Mtsyri was "the clearest and only ideal of the poet."
“Throughout our whole life we carry in our souls the image of this man (Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov) - sad, strict, gentle, powerful, modest, courageous, noble, caustic, dreamy, mocking, shy, endowed with powerful passions, will and penetrating with a solid, merciless mind,” said I. A. Andronnikov. This brief, but very capacious description of the poet reveals the secret of the personality of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, who amazed everyone with the monolithic inconsistency of nature and the characteristic features of the artistic method.
Undoubtedly, Lermontov is a romantic poet. He wrote in the early period of creativity about thirty poems. The most famous are "Boya-rin Orsha", "Sashka". "Demon", "A Tale for Children", "Tambov Treasury-Cheisha" and "Mtsyri".
The main feature of the romantic poem "Mtsyri" is the depiction of a hero with an unusual fate, reflecting some facets of the author's own spiritual world. Mtsyri is a highlander boy, at the age of six he was captured by the Russians and lived in a monastery until his youth. Lermontov affirms through the image of Mtsyra such moral values as freedom-love, love for the Motherland, folk customs. And this is close and dear to the poet himself, which is manifested even in the fact that the language of Mtsyri's confession does not differ from the language of the author's poems.
“The meaning of Lermontov’s poem lies not in the story of the hero’s achievements — there were none — and not in the call to abandon the fruitless struggle — the offensive pathos of the poem is incompatible with fatalistic humility — but in glorifying the search, the power of will, courage , rebellion and struggle, no matter how tragic the results they may lead to,” wrote critic D. E. Maksimov, highlighting the moral values that are affirmed in the poem “Mtsyri”.
The plot of the poem is laconic and its composition is not quite usual. The poem consists of twenty-six chapters. The first three chapters tell about the many years of Mtsyri's life in the monastery. And eleven chapters of the poem tell about the "three blessed days" he spent in the wild. Moreover, Lermontov does not describe the everyday life of the hero. The author is only interested in the most important and, moreover, the most powerful moments of the three days that Mtsy-ri lived in the wild: the flight from the monastery, the fight with the leopard, the death delirium at the gates of the monastery ... And this story, after a brief introduction, turns into a monologue of the hero. The author's attention to Mtsyri's psychology is characteristic. The poet tries to "tell the soul" of his characters, which he does in the poem, using the form of confession:
You listen to my confession Came here. Thanks to…
Despite the obstacles facing Mtsyri, the young man fights to the last of his strength. The death of the hero is inevitable, however, the poem does not give rise to despondency, but causes a desire for activity, calls for struggle as a moral value. This is the innovation of the poet, who introduced into the romantic poem a hero marked with the seal of a “free heart” and fiery passions:
I knew only one thought power, One, but fiery passion.
This passion "burned" the soul of Mtsyri. She gave birth to the desire to snuggle her “flaming” breasts against her own breasts. Such a heart "suddenly lit up with a thirst for struggle." material from the site
Even the artistic means of the poem are subject to the affirmation of those moral values that are dear to M. Yu. Lermontov and the bearer of which is the young man Mtsyri. For example, M. Yu. Lermontov, widely uses male rhymes in the poem. V. G. Belinsky wrote: “This four-foot iambic with only masculine endings ... falls like a blow of a sword striking its victim. Elasticity, energy and sonorous, monotonous fall are in amazing harmony ... with the indestructible strength of a powerful nature and the tragic position of the hero of the poem. Love for the Fatherland, the land of the fathers, the desire for a common life with the native people, the thirst for struggle, overcoming the insurmountable in the name of the goal set - these are the moral values approved by M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri", which put it among the highest achievements of romanticism in Russian and world literature.
"Throughout our whole life we carry in our souls the image of this man (Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov) - sad, strict, gentle, powerful, modest, courageous, noble, caustic, dreamy, mocking, shy, endowed with powerful passions, will and a penetrating, merciless mind" - said I. A. Andronnikov. This brief, but very capacious description of the poet reveals the secret of the personality of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, who amazed everyone with the monolithic inconsistency of nature and the characteristic features of the artistic method.
Undoubtedly, Lermontov is a romantic poet. He wrote about thirty poems in the early period of his work. The most famous are "Boyarin Orsha", "Sashka". "Demon", "Tale for Children", "Tambov Treasurer" and "Mtsyri".
The main feature of the romantic poem "Mtsyri" is the image of a hero with an unusual fate, reflecting some facets spiritual world the author himself. Mtsyri is a highlander boy, at the age of six he was captured by the Russians and lived in a monastery until his youth. Lermontov asserts through the image of Mtsyra such moral values as love of freedom, love for the motherland, folk customs. And this is close and dear to the poet himself, which is manifested even in the fact that the language of Mtsyri's confession does not differ from the language of the author's poems.
"The meaning of Lermontov's poem is not in the story of the hero's achievements - they were not - and not in the call to abandon the fruitless struggle - the offensive pathos of the poem is incompatible with fatalistic humility - but in glorifying the search, the power of the will, courage, rebellion and struggle, no matter how tragic the results they may lead to," wrote critic D. E. Maksimov, highlighting the moral values that are affirmed in the poem "Mtsyri".
The plot of the poem is laconic and its composition is not quite usual. The poem consists of twenty-six chapters. The first three chapters tell about the many years of Mtsyri's life in the monastery. And eleven chapters of the poem tell about the "three blessed days" he spent in the wild. Moreover, Lermontov does not describe the everyday life of the hero. The author is only interested in the most important and, moreover, the most powerful moments of the three days that Mtsyra lived in freedom: the flight from the monastery, the fight with the leopard, the death delirium at the gates of the monastery ... And this story, after a brief introduction, turns into a monologue of the hero. The author's attention to Mtsyri's psychology is characteristic. The poet tries to "tell the soul" of his characters, which he does in the poem, using the form of confession:
You have come here to listen to my confession. Thanks to…
Despite the obstacles facing Mtsyri, the young man fights to the last of his strength. The death of the hero is inevitable, however, the poem does not give rise to despondency, but causes a desire for activity, calls for struggle as a moral value. This is the innovation of the poet, who introduced into the romantic poem a hero marked with the seal of a "free heart" and fiery passions:
I knew only one thought power, One, but fiery passion.
This passion "burnt" Mtsyri's soul. She gave birth to a desire to cuddle with her "flaming" breast to her own breast. Such a heart "suddenly ignited with a thirst for struggle."
Even the artistic means of the poem are subject to the affirmation of those moral values that are dear to M. Yu. Lermontov and the bearer of which is the young man Mtsyri. For example, M. Yu. Lermontov, widely uses male rhymes in the poem. V. G. Belinsky wrote: “This four-foot iambic with only masculine endings ... falls like a blow of a sword that strikes its victim. Elasticity, energy and sonorous, monotonous fall are surprisingly in harmony ... with the indestructible strength of a powerful nature and the tragic position of the hero of the poem. " Love for the Fatherland, the land of the fathers, the desire for a common life with the native people, the thirst for struggle, overcoming the insurmountable in the name of the goal - these are the moral values affirmed by M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri", which put it among the highest achievements of romanticism in Russian and world literature.
Topic 51. What moral values are affirmed in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"
You can start the discussion with the composition of the poem. In fact, thanks to the exposition, the reader knows the story of Mtsyra even before the hero begins to tell it. It is also known that time destroyed the monastery - the Mtsyri prison, and in the face of eternity, they seemed to “equalize”. However, the monastery is valuable here not in itself, but only as a “keeper” of the history of the young monk.
This story is given in the form of a confession - in the first person. Before us is a clear rethinking of the genre: instead of a monk's story about sins and repentance, there is a passionate story of a young man about three days spent “in the wild”.
Thus, the reader's attention is focused on the main thing - the inner world of the hero. B. Eikhenbaum wrote in "Articles about Lermontov" that in the poem "Mtsyri" "the problem of the struggle for moral values, human behavior, pride and beliefs, the problem of “proud faith in people and another life””.
The theme of good and evil is refracted in a special way in the poem. It is the monk who saves Mtsyri from death, the monastery becomes a shelter for a weak child, deprived of his homeland due to the war. But this same monastery is a “prison” for Mtsyri. According to Yu.V. Mann, “evil exists only as violence against the will, over the natural feeling of the homeland. Prisonership is carried out only by one submission to the established order of things. This is an image of protection, close to images of peace, promising a refusal to fight for one's ideals.
It is repeatedly emphasized that he dies "proudly": as a boy and as a young man. In pride there is a protest and a challenge, this feeling is alien in many respects to Christian humility. “Proud look” is what characterizes his father in the view of Mtsyri. In the article already cited above, Yu.V. Mann notes that Mtsyri is alien to the desire for forgiveness, the ideas of Christian humility, he does not grumble at God, but does not turn to him - this is the reason for his loneliness. And this happens because “the desired, native Mtsyra region is outside the visible circle of phenomena ... in” God's world", where everything is in its place, Mtsyri turned out to be an extra link."
Homeland and freedom are combined into one multi-valued symbol. “And as I lived in a foreign country, / I will die a slave and an orphan” - the impossibility of being in the Motherland in close connection with the impossibility of defeating circumstances (hence, apparently, the word “slave”) and the absence of a kindred soul. For the sake of this Motherland, the hero is ready to give up paradise and eternity. She calls and beckons him. “A child with a soul” - “a monk with a destiny” - is the most important antithesis: naturalness, inner freedom cannot be combined with the “stopped”, orderly life of the monastery. The motive of the prisoner develops into the motive of doomed to loneliness. But this loneliness also cannot be the state of the hero - he must either “take a monastic vow”, or, “taking a sip of freedom”, die. These two lives, two possibilities are irreconcilable, and the choice is determined by the inner aspirations of the hero - the “fiery passion” that lives in him.
The theme of humility is connected with the monastery - the rejection of the fatherland, relatives, friends (“I could not tell anyone // The sacred words “father” and “mother”. // Of course, you wanted, old man, // So that I would wean in the monastery // From these sweet names"). Mtsyri does not accept humility, and therefore "does not pray for forgiveness."
“Life full of anxieties” contrasts Mtsyri with “life in captivity”, “wonderful world of anxieties and battles” - “stuffy cells and prayers”. He remains true to his ideals to the end. And this is his moral strength. The path to the Motherland, an attempt to find a "soulmate" becomes the only opportunity for existence.
The path of Mtsyra is not only the path to the Motherland, but also the path of life, it is no coincidence that some researchers draw parallels with Dante's Divine Comedy. And Mtsyri's moral choice lies aside from the path chosen for him by life, from the path outlined by the appearance of a beautiful Georgian woman, from the alluring path from the song of the fish. This is once a chosen life path, nourished by “tears and longing”, recognized “before heaven and earth”, loyalty to which is secured by an oath.
The days spent in freedom are life in its true, only possible meaning for Mtsyra - the focus of joy, danger and struggle.
Mtsyri feels the harmony of nature, seeks to merge with it. He feels its depth and mystery. In this case, we are talking about the real, earthly beauty of nature, and not about an ideal that exists only in the imagination. Mtsyri listens to the voice of nature, admires the leopard as a worthy opponent. And the spirit of Mtsyri himself is unshakable, despite his physical illness.
It is also important that the beauty of the earth is directly connected for him with the idea of freedom - it is no coincidence that his goal is “To find out if the earth is beautiful; // To find out, for the will or prison // We will be born into this world.
Death for Mtsyri is the cessation of suffering, but also the rejection of life in its entirety. He does not hope to meet with the Motherland “behind the grave”, and therefore it is important for him to last time see the edge of your dreams, feel its breath.
According to D.E. Maximov, "the meaning of the poem is to glorify the search, the power of the will, courage, rebellion and struggle, no matter how tragic the results may be."