Signs of autumn. How to understand the world
The world around 1 class.
What is the environment.
Lesson #1
Topic: What is the world around.
Form of organization of classes (type of lesson): a lesson with elements of research and game activity.
Lesson type: introductory lesson, a lesson of acquaintance with a new educational subject.
Lesson Objectives:
Assimilation of the initial ideas about the subject "The world around us", about objects of animate and inanimate nature.
Creation of conditions for the formation and development of mental functions, abilities, motivational attitudes, creative research thinking through involvement in active educational and research activities
Formation of moral and volitional qualities, the ability to control one's behavior in learning situations.
Basic concepts: the world around: the world of nature, the world of things, the world of people.
Metasubject connections: the world around, art.
Resources: students' workbooks, textbooks, colored pencils, 3 pictures of the city, the underwater world and a girl by the pond; trailers and objects of nature, things, people.
Planned learning outcome, incl. UUD formation:
To have ideas about the world around us, about objects of animate and inanimate nature, to give approximate answers to the question: “Why is it necessary to study the world around us?”,
Know distinctive features objects of animate and inanimate nature.
Be able to make simple observations, compare objects of animate and inanimate nature, give answers in the form of a short sentence to simple questions from a teacher or fairy tale character be able to follow the instructions of the teacher.
Be able to cooperate with comrades in the simplest role playing and have simple conversations.
1. Personal UUD: formation of interest in a new subject, determination of the need to study the world in which you live;
2. Regulatory UUD: organization of the workplace according to the instructions of the teacher; if possible, evaluate your work and the work of a friend; determine the task execution plan under the guidance of the teacher.
3. Cognitive UUD: navigate the textbook and workbook; compare objects, objects: find common and difference; group objects, objects on the basis of essential features; reproduce what they heard, determine the topic of the lesson; draw conclusions under the guidance of a teacher.
4. Communicative UUD: participate in the dialogue in the lesson, answer the teacher's questions, formulate a question on the issue of interest; listen to and understand the speech of others.
7. Reflection. Personal UUD
Formed UUD
Teacher activity
Student activities
1. Organizational moment
Communicative UUD
The teacher greets the children, accepts their greetings with a smile, and with the help of a small breathing exercise relieves possible tension. Preparing children
TEACHER. Good morning kids! Let's get ready for the lesson together - raise our hands up, take a deep breath at the same time, hold our hands up for a few seconds, and then sharply lower them down, while doing a slight lean forward and a deep exhalation. And now everyone will sit down as it will be convenient for him to work in the lesson.
Children joyfully greet the teacher, do breathing exercise and sit down at their jobs. At the same time, they occupy a comfortable, but acceptable posture for study.
2. Actualization of basic knowledge.
Personal UUD
Speech workout. The teacher engages students in a dialogue.
- Who do you think will be your assistant in the lesson?
Riddle hint.
Here is the first helper:
He is smart and he is loyal
At the lesson on the desk will lie down
Check it out, he'll tell you everything!
What is the name of our textbook?
This is the name of the subject that we will study.
Introduction to the workbook.
.
Teacher, comrade, at home, mother.
It's a textbook!
The world.
Children take it in their hands, consider the cover.
3. Goal setting and motivation.
Regulatory UUD
-Let's talk about what will be discussed in our first lesson of the world around us.
-What is the environment?
Why do you need to study it all of a sudden?
4. Discovery of new knowledge by children
Cognitive UUD
Personal UUD
TEACHER. And now, let's use our first helper - open the tutorial on the page. Let's take a closer look at the illustration.
The teacher reads the poem.
TEACHER.
Take a look around, friend!
You see the river, the forest, the meadow,
Bird flocks, plane,
What went to flight.
Sky, wind, clouds,
Again a river, a meadow a river!
TEACHER. We are starting to explore new subject- "The world". Look at the picture again, look out the window, look around, think and say what is the world around you? What and who is part of the environment?
STUDENTS. The world around us is what surrounds us, what is around us. These are different creatures and objects, animals, sky, clouds, trees, houses, people.
TEACHER. Okay guys! Well done! And I want you to learn to observe the world around you, to study and explore it.
In the lesson of the world around us, we will learn why day follows night? How many days in a year? Why does the seasons change? How diverse are plant and animal world Earth? Why is it important for a person to live in a family? What miracles can human hands create?
The game is a journey.
1 row goes to the forest.
2 row goes to the underwater world.
3 row for a walk around our city.
-List the objects of nature that you saw there?
- One, two, three - returned from a trip. You guys turned out to be very observant, so you named a lot of objects in the world around you.
Let's sum up the first result.
-What does the subject "World around" study?
Students open their books and look at the pictures.
The world around us is what surrounds us, what is around us. These are different creatures and objects, animals, sky, clouds, trees, houses, people
Students can list several items around them.
1st row: girl, pond, duck with ducklings, trees, grass.
2nd row: sea stars, vegetation, corals, bottom, water.
3rd row: building, square, flowers, trees.
The subject of the world around studies the world of nature, the world of things, the world of people.
5. Primary fastening.
Regulatory UUD
Communicative UUD
WORK according to the textbook on p. 5Z
Task: Divide the drawings into two groups. Explain your decision. You can use hint.
-List the items in the picture.
What two groups would you divide them into? Why?
-Let's try to give a complete answer to the question: What is the world around us?
Option 1 answers: living and inanimate nature.
Option 2: the world of nature, the world of people, the world of things.
According to the textbook: the world around us is what is around us: nature, people and everything that is created by man.
The answers of children who can more accurately reproduce this definition are evaluated.
6. Independent work.
Communicative UUD
Cognitive UUD
Personal UUD
WORK in workbooks on pages 4-5
Task 1 on p.4.
-Colour what belongs to wildlife.
PHYSICAL MINUTE for the eyes and hands.
TEACHER. We have done a good job and your eyes and hands deserve a little rest. We got up from our jobs, left our desks, raise the handles up, lower them. We repeat three times. Now let's try to perform rotations with our hands: forward, backward. We stretched our arms to the side, bent at the elbows and rotated: back and forth, now spread our arms to the sides and rotate our hands: back and forth. Now put your hands down and shake your hands a little. Close your eyes, imagine that you are on the shore of a gentle warm sea, put your hands in warm water, took your brushes out of the water and try to shake off the drops. Well done! Now let's carefully look out the window at a large tree in the school yard, stop looking at the tree, count to 10 out loud. Good! Now close your eyes and count to 10 again.
Children follow the teacher's instructions: rotate their arms, rotate their arms bent at the elbows, rotate and shake their hands, close their eyes.
WORK on p.5. notebooks.
-Combine the drawings into two groups. Explain your choice.
GAME "Hook trailers to the trains."
Living and non-living nature.
I call two student trains to the board. Children from the place show their picture, the trains collect trailers.
TEACHER. Well done boys! True, all objects found in nature, we can divide into two large groups- objects of living nature and objects of inanimate nature.
Flowers, butterfly, spruce, mushrooms.
Work in pairs: "Consult your neighbor."
Dishes are inanimate nature, other objects of wildlife.
They are active and independent.
Control themselves and their comrades during the game.
Control according to the model on the board.
Communicative UUD -What new did you learn at the lesson?
–Who found it difficult? Interesting? Assessment of your work.
Air and water, continents and oceans, the deep bowels of the Earth and the oxygenated atmosphere of the blue sky, the diversity of the natural landscape and the amazing corners of the world.
All this is our common home - planet Earth!
To the section...
Planets and stars
In an infinite expansion of space, at a distance of many light years, galaxies, stars and objects are located. mysterious world Universe.
Wonderful world of the universe, distant stars and our neighbors - the planets of the solar system.
To the section...
Natural resources
Our planet contains great amount natural resources, these are water, land and forest resources, minerals, solar and wind energy. Proper, not wasteful use of natural resources, combined with careful attitude to environment favors human life and generally allows the development of human society.
To the section...
Gifts and riches lie deep in the bowels of the Earth, thanks to which we can receive heat and energy, building materials and mixtures, precious stones and semi-precious raw materials. Minerals are found in earth's crust and are formed from lava-magma, sedimentary rocks and natural minerals, formed over the long history of the Earth's formation processes. After development and extraction, minerals can be effectively used for commercial and industrial purposes.
To the section...
The industrial sector of the economy of each state is the most important factor in the development of relations in foreign economic and political relations on the world stage, and a developed agricultural sector becomes the key to well-being in the food needs of the population.
To the section...
Industry and energy sectors:
Branches of agriculture:
Industry and Agriculture Russia and countries of the world:
The peoples of the continents and countries of the world
There are more than 5 thousand peoples on Earth, many of which have their own language, although they can borrow the language of other countries for communication, nevertheless, each of the peoples has its own culture, its own folk costume, craft and traditions and customs passing from generation to generation.
To the section...
Peoples of the continents of the world:
Peoples of the countries of the world:
Ecology, nature and society
Man and nature are inextricably linked with each other. Creating a society, developing technical means to improve living conditions in the environment, a person interacts with the surrounding world of nature, uses the energy and forces of nature, uses Natural resources and stocks. Human understanding and respect for the values of nature allows society to live in harmony with the nature of the surrounding world.
To the section...
What is the environment? It would seem a simple question that even a child in first grade can answer. However, it is worth digging a little deeper - and it turns out that in reality everything is much more complicated. And the older and more educated a person is, the more difficult his version of the answer is.
The reason for this is the great intellectual leap that humanity has made on the path of its evolution. Many religious movements, philosophical schools and scientific theories gave us the opportunity to change the interpretation of the answer to this question at our own discretion. Therefore, let's try to find out for ourselves what the world around us really is.
Truth in simplicity
To begin with, let's consider this question, based on logic. common man without delving into the subtle matters of the universe. So, the world around us is the space that surrounds us. And it is at this moment that the first controversial statements appear.
If you look, it is quite difficult to outline the boundaries that separate one space from another. After all, there are no specific standards that can streamline all this knowledge in the minds of billions of people. In this regard, if we ask the usual question about what the world around us is, we will get different answers.
For example, for some it may be the space that surrounds them directly. For others, everything is much more complicated, and by this concept they mean our entire planet or even the Universe.
World around: wildlife
However, despite all the variety of answers, there are those that can be distinguished into a separate group. This is due to the fact that, despite minor differences, they still have some similarities leading to a common idea.
In particular, many believe that the world around us is all life around us. The same forests, fields, rivers and deserts. Animals and plants are also included here, as they are an integral part of this world.
What is the surrounding world through the eyes of philosophers?
Philosophers and theologians consider this question more deeply. After all, for them our world is part of a more complex reality. For clarity, consider the main features of their views on the current order of things.
According to religion, our reality is a place where people live only part of the path prepared for them. That is, the world around us is just a screen that covers more beautiful place- paradise.
As for philosophers, they formulate the answer to this question more vaguely. Depending on the school, a thinker can define the concept of the surrounding world in different ways. For some, this is a material place, for others it is spiritual, and for others it is a combination of the two previous ones.
This article presents material for grade 3 students, for whom the world around them is provided in the form of simplified ecosystem models. The concept of a society of people, its structure and significance in the life of every person is also considered. On the simple examples the process of explaining the world around. This is the main task of this material.
The concept of ecosystems
In order for a 3rd grade student to better understand what the planet Earth is, it is necessary to clearly demonstrate a globe model. Our planet has an outer shell called the atmosphere. All living organisms on Earth breathe atmospheric air. The atmosphere protects the Earth from overheating, from cosmic rays.
The earth has water shell is the hydrosphere. The hydrosphere is formed by underwater waters, rivers, seas, oceans of the globe.
The lithosphere forms the solid shell of the Earth. Land, mountains, earth belong to the lithosphere.
All living organisms that live on Earth live in the biosphere. The biosphere is on the border of all other three spheres.
All living organisms on Earth live in air, water and ground environment. In order for the cycle of substances in nature not to stop, all living organisms cannot do without each other. All organisms according to their functions (or you can still compare the functions of organisms with professions) are divided into producers, consumers and destroyers. Producers are plants and trees, consumers are basically all animals, but bacteria, fungi and worms are classified as destroyers. Producers, consumers and destroyers cannot live on Earth without air, water, soil and rocks. Consequently, all the above listed elements can be divided into two large groups: living and inanimate nature. Thus, it is possible to imagine the surrounding world - it is living and inanimate nature.
The concept of society. Its structure
For a 3rd grade student, to define the concept of society, one should cite as an example his own family, which (for the most part) consists of members: father, mother, grandmother, grandfather, brothers, sisters. The family (a group of people) is the elementary or basic unit of society. All members of society interact with each other. Thus, society is also the surrounding world. The whole society rests on four components. These components are parliament, hospital, church, prison. The surrounding world is a certain structure that was formed in ancient times, and its foundation has been preserved to this day.
Concept of economy
Let's highlight those things that a person needs for life. These things are called needs. What can we attribute to human needs? This is the need for food, for rest, for clothes, for work, for maintaining health, for transport, for safety. This list can be continued for a long time. The needs of mankind are different in purpose and meaning.
Needs can be cognitive (theater, books, television), physiological (hunger, sleep), material (apartment, computer, car, cottage). Nature gives us a lot - it is the warmth of the sun, air, water, the harvest of the earth. And love, communication, friendship - this is all we get by communicating with each other. And all material goods - this is what cannot be in nature (houses, cars, clothes) - gives us the economy. Translated from Greek- housekeeping. In such a simple explanation for 3rd grade students, the world around will look simple and clear.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would like to say that, despite the scale and complexity, the world around us is a rather fragile structure, and it is important to appreciate, and most importantly, protect it for future generations. main task adults before children. But at the same time, at the stage of training, the younger generation needs to form an appropriate system of values.
There is a clear change of all seasons. Each of them is unique and has its own distinctive features. The brightest signs of autumn, winter, spring and summer are reflected in the works of great poets, writers and artists. In addition, observations of seasonal changes in nature played important role in the organization of human economic activity.
September
September is considered the first month of autumn. It was at this time that changes began to occur associated with the life of animate and inanimate nature. First of all, this concerns a decrease in air temperature, a change in the amount of precipitation, and a decrease in clear days. It is no coincidence that September in ancient times was called spring or gloomy. Many signs of autumn characterize it in this way.
Statements that were born many centuries ago have survived to this day:
- September is cold, but full;
- thunder in September - to a warm autumn;
- cranes fly high, loudly cooing - to a good autumn.
The first month of autumn is the time of Indian summer. Many folk signs of autumn are associated with this period. So, for example, inclement weather, established from mid-September to the end of the month, will definitely be replaced by a long dry autumn. A clear "Indian summer" indicates that the winter will be frosty.
October
Gryaznik, podzimnik, wedding - all these are the names of the same month - October. The old names reflect the main features of the second autumn month, as well as the general signs of autumn. In October, rains become more frequent, snow is possible, night frosts become regular. It has long been customary to play weddings at this time, because the time for heavy agricultural work was ending. In addition, after the harvest, it was not difficult to organize a festive feast.
There were beliefs among the people that had to be strictly followed. In order for the cranes to return to their native lands, it was necessary to shout out after the flying flock: "Road by wheel!" In the first half of October, honey always had to be on the table. At the end of the month, it was recommended to hang all the clothes in the morning frost to get rid of evil spirits.
There are such signs of autumn that any modern person knows about. So, for example, a flying web in early October suggests that the cold will not come soon. The day of October 4 will indicate what the weather will be like for another four weeks.
November
jelly, semi-winter, chest, leaf fall. So the ancestors called the last autumn month. Dark nights are its main feature. But after the first snow that covers the ground in November, it becomes lighter at night.
A large amount of snow that fell in the last month of autumn allows us to hope for a good harvest next year. The appearance of mosquitoes in November indicates that a warm winter is expected. Frost will linger if last leaves fall slowly from the trees.
In November, both nature and man prepare for the arrival of winter. Therefore, many signs of November indicate what the upcoming season will be like. Knowledge of the signs, the ability to use them helps people adapt to natural conditions, feel more secure. It is for this reason that acquaintance with the main signs related to different seasons should occur even in childhood.
Signs of autumn for preschool children
Seeing the distinctive features of each season is a very important skill that a child must master before going to school. Acquaintance with the signs of a particular season takes place on a practical level during walks in the forest, park, square, near a pond. Even a simple observation of nature from the window of your room can give a child a lot.
Autumn is a bright season. Its signs cannot be ignored by a child. Children usually themselves begin to ask questions about the changed color of the leaves on the trees, they are amazed by thick fogs, farewell cries of birds. It is important for an adult to support the child in conversations, give him the opportunity to reason and provide him with new knowledge.
Walking in the park and watching squirrels, it can be mentioned that a large number of squirrel pantries with rich stocks can indicate a harsh winter. This is also evidenced by a good harvest of rowan berries. By the leaves on the birch, you can find out about the timing of the approach of cold weather. If they turn yellow from below, frost will not come for a long time. If the crown of birches began to turn yellow from above, the approach of a cold pore is just around the corner.
Regular conversations with the child about the signs of autumn will lead to the fact that he will gradually develop a cognitive interest, he himself will easily notice the main changes taking place in nature.
Phenological observations
Children begin to conduct systematic observations of changes in nature associated with the change of seasons while studying at school. This is required by the requirements of the program in the subject "World around", which is included in the list of compulsory disciplines.
As a result of studying selected topics children learn that the nature of the work of rural residents depends on the season. The signs of winter, spring, summer are listed by children without any difficulty, as are the signs of autumn. Grade 2 - the stage of education, when students begin to keep diaries of observations of nature. Folk omens, which were discussed in the lessons, it is necessary, if possible, to observe and make sure that the conclusions made by the ancestors are correct. Systematic work in this direction is not only interesting, but also useful for the child for further study of nature.
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