Class hour on the topic Taras Shevchenko artist. Scenario of an extracurricular event: The greatness of the genius of the Ukrainian people T
Thematic lesson on the topic:
"Taras Shevchenko is a great son of his people"
meta lesson:
Ø to destroy the knowledge of studies about the special character of Taras Shevchenko and his role in history;
Ø reveal the inconsistency of one's talent;
Ø show the originality of yoga creativity of the past;
Ø reveal the image of the militia as a people with a powerful will and an unscrupulous spirit;
Ø to shape the community, to feel like the national self-confidence of the schoolchildren, tolerance, and an authoritative look at the christened problem;
Ø swivel love to the native land and respect to її іstorії;
Ø to comprehend the role of one's own national stratification of the middle strata, the place of national culture of the middle ranks.
Basic skills: After the lesson, learners can:
Fshow the great post of Taras Shevchenko;
Fevaluate your activity from the position of defending the interests of the Ukrainian people;
Frozvinut vminnya analyze podії і facts, spіvstavlyat їх, signify їхні causes and consequences;
Fget a newcomer to participate in the discussion, delineate and argue your own positions, analyze the historical situation.
Obladnannya before the lesson:
§ a portrait of T. G. Shevchenko, a embroidered towel, a bouquet of ears and kalini;
§ "Kobzar" is an exhibition of works of art literature about the life and work of T. Shevchenko.
§ Quotes from yoga.
Epigraph before lesson:
The older generation is younger,
New fires burn in the sky,
That far away with the youngest ide
Prophet of the dawn, that the whole earth is occupied.
M. Rilsky
Hid lesson
I. Class organization.
II. Actualization of basic knowledge of academics
Teacher. Children, tell me, be kind, what do you know in your homelands of T. G. Shevchenko? Chi love їх? For what? What do your donkeys have portraits of T. G. Shevchenko?
— Do you remember the poems of Taras Grigorovich?
III. Informed by those, head of the lesson
Teacher. In every lesson, the theme of which is “Taras Shevchenko is the great son of his people”, you will destroy your knowledge about the childishness and life of the great Kobzar,the uniqueness of yoga creativity , get acquainted with the selection of poetic works "Kobzar", guess the poems that suit you best. (Read the epigraph.)
- How do you understand this whistle? (Vіdpovіd uchnіv.)
IV. Processing of the initial material
Intro.
9 birch celebrates 200 years of the birth of Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko - a poet, artist, thinker, a sharp patriot of Ukraine. Today, in our lessons, we are beastly with you until the fall of the Great Kobzar, people, as it has become for Ukraine a sacred thought, an immortal song.
The melody "Roar and stack of the Dnipro wide" will sound. In the world of silence of the melody, the student recites the verses with the sing "Cause"
The roar and the stack of the Dnipro is wide,
Angry wind curling…
Reader's words:
From these words, the book "Kobzar" of the great Taras is developed. Z tsikh sliv ide Shevchenko's cob, like a poet. So simple, accessible and at once brilliant rows have become a familiar song, which can be called folk song without rebuffing, the stench has become a symbol of Ukraine in Europe and in the whole world.
Taras is a visionary for us, yoga priceless "Kobzar" is a primer for us, a wine writer and a lyricist, a tutor of the Ukrainian past, a folklore encyclopedia, a tutor of ethics.
And this thematic lesson today is dedicated to the genius of the Ukrainian people, the great patriot of Ukraine, the glorious son, the Prophet.
Poshana and vdyachnistvo reminiscent of the heart of the common people, because Taras Grigorovich is not only a singer of Ukraine, he sings at all hours, at all times for all people on earth. We are proud of him, that we are Ukrainians and we should be worthy of yoga pads.
Vіn buv blue man -
and becoming a volunteer in the realm of the spirit.
Vіn buv kripakom -
and becoming a lord of the kingdom of human culture.
Vіn buv self-taught - and stating new,
light and white ways for professors
and book scholars.
I. Franko
Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko - great is the undying glory of the Ukrainian people. In this particular way, the Ukrainian people have angered their best spiritual strength and have made it the champion of their historical glory and social misfortune, power and glory.
Learn to read verse L. Khraplivy
Before me today, Shevchenko laughed
From the picture, what is there on the wall.
Read the songs of yoga love Nenko,
Rozkazuvav my father:
And viris is a great giving gift:
For all generations, for all Ukraine,
Qiu book, which is called "Kobzar".
Like a holy book we took care of,
They took with them from the light,
Like the word of Taras, take care of it,
Great Usim Commandment.
I will love Ukraine dearly,
Maybe more than once
From the picture, Shevchenko gently laughs,
Our Father, the great Taras.
Teacher's words:
Taras Shevchenko mav richly likened. Volodya, okrim Ukrainian language, Polish and Russian, twisted French, Latin.
Vіn was a wonderful artist, reading a lot of literary works, seeing theater and opera. Then we know for you that this life path is even more important. Іz living 47 years of wine 24 roki buv krіpak, 10 roki provіv zaslannі, vіyskovіy drills, 3 z hakom sings provіv pіd po stіynym naglyad polіtsії. And only 9 years - I lived as a free man. The whole life of yoga is an important work, because there is so little time for happiness.
Let's guess, yaki vy vivchilicreate Shevchenko?
Record on Doshtsi will help you.
blooming evening
The spring has risen to the black earth
Svіtaєu luzі red viburnum
My dawn, the edge of the sky is falling
(One student from the skin group of the same words).
V. Project presentation "Taras Shevchenko is a great son of his people"
Biographies: "Life is short, but famous"
March 9, 1814 Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko was born in the village of Moryntsy in the Cherkasy region in the homeland of a peasant-kripak. At the southern village of Kirilivtsi, the children of the fate of the future poet passed by.
Early becoming an orphan.
First sanctification from a silsky dyak; revealing the great hist to the painting and folding of the vіrshiv.
1831 r. - having moved with Pan Engelgardt to St. Petersburg, he became a master-painter Vasily Shiryaev;
1838 p. T. Shevchenko was bought from the capital of the zavdyaka to the artists Ivan Soshenok, Karl Bryullov, Oleksiy Venetsianov, the poet Yevgen Grebintsi (a penny was donated for the sale of the portrait of V. Zhukovsky created by K. Bryullov).
T. Shevchenko is a great listener of the Academy of Mythology near St. Petersburg.
1840 p. The first collection of poems by T. Shevchenko "Kobzar" was published, as it opened a new stage in the history of Ukrainian literature.
1841 r. - we will call the vidannyam handed to him "Gaidamaki".
1843, 1845 pp. at the warehouse of Shevchenko's archeographic commission looking at Ukraine. 1843 p. the drama "Nazar Stodolia" was published.
1844 poem "Sleep".
1844 - I read the poem "Gaidamaki" with a lot of books, and my Russian poem "Trizna".
1845 Published create "Kavkaz", "Naymichka".
1845 - after the end of the academy, he turned to Ukraine, went to the local political organization of the Cyril-Methodian comradeship.
The message “I’m dead, and we’re alive…”, “Zapovit” (translated by 100 words), “The days pass, the nights pass…”, historical creations “The Great Snow”, “Cold Yar” was published; having seen the album "Picturesque Ukraine".
1847 when Shevchenko was arrested, the handwritten collection “Three Litas” was consumed by the gendarmes, prepared by the poet until the next. She created such works: “Dream”, “Caucasus”, “I'm dead, I'm alive…”, “Heretic” and dozens of poems. Until 1905 this collection lay in the gendarmerie archives. Only the fine poetry of the collections, which were violently lost in private hands, spread in Ukraine.
1847 1857 rr. for the fate of the Cyril-Methodian comrades, and for the writing of state-social verses by Shevchenko, as messages by an ordinary soldier to the Orsk Fortress, and later on, to Orenburg and Novopetrovsk fortified.
1848 – taking part in the Aralsk expedition, just as soon as he created a series of paintings, writing poems “Princess”, “Varnak”, “Moskaleva Krinitsa” and other, verses “I vyris I am in a foreign land ...”, “Yakby you knew, panic ... ”, “In our paradise on earth ...” lean.
1857 r. P. Kulish published the poem "Naymichka" without the name of the author.
1858 return to Petersburg.
1859 travel to Ukraine.
1860 having won the title of academic engraver. Why did the light of the new vision of Kobzar succumb to fate.
March 10, 1861 - T. G. Shevchenko died in St. Petersburg.
May 22, 1861 - rest at Kanev on the Chernechiy (nine Tarasov) mountains. A look at creativity
T. Shevchenko having left on his own collection of poems “Kobzar”, 9 stories (out of 20 ideas), song “Nazar Stodolya”, dekilka urivkіv іnshih dramatic works, schodennik, leaves.
In the history of Ukrainian literature, in spite of numerical investigations, Shevchenko is unreadable. His creativity has evolved the literary styles of that era - from romanticism, enlightenment, realism - to postmodernity. The last hour of Mayzha did not attach any respect to Shevchenko’s notes, as if they had roared the wines for the second month before the call from the message, that was on the 12th chervnya 1857, and on the 13th day of the fall, 1858. Traditionally, these records are called "Schodennik".
The “Journal”, or Schodennik, is no less than a priceless trinket of reports about the poet’s life and perfection, about his suspense-political, philosophical and artistic look, about his staging to the manifestations of literature, science, history, suspile life, then. This is a piece of Shevchenko's memoir prose, which gives "an over-the-top self-portrait of a poet and people" and at the same time the key to Shevchenko's creativity.
Artistic scholars:"Shevchenko is an artist"
teacher: Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko, as an artist, he occupies one of the most important positions in Ukrainian image-making art. Shevchenko was one of the first artists, who laid a new realism directly, the founder of critical realism in Ukrainian art.
LearnZahalnovidomo, that Shevchenko was one of the founders and the first prominent master of etching in the art of the arts. Vіn himself is beautifully volodymy usіma vіdomimi by the same methods of graphic imagery.
As the first literary attempts to fall on 1836-1837, then the most early baby, which came to us and led to the name “Woman's breast” or “Woman's head” dating by the author himself in 1830 years. From the center of youthful work, the creativity of a prominent artist was revealed. Zvіlnennya gave Shevchenko the right to enter the Academy of Mystics. Vin becoming one of the most favorite students of Bryullov, Taras moves from class to class among the best students. At malaria wines, to kill the Daedals commemorate successes. For an hour of training at the academy, yoga trich is rewarded with silver, and then gold medals for little ones from nature and picturesque creation. Taras dreamed of going to Cossack Italy, to get to know the world with the masterpieces of painting, sculpture and architecture. That Academy sent another one, but Shevchenko had no good money for such a price. Another commandment of the dream is to turn back to Ukraine forever.
In 1843, Taras Grigorovich arrived in Ukraine. Under the hour, dear love to the native land, yogo was created for the creation of a whole series of paintings. Shevchenko is a smart interpreter of history, having shown in three etchings of the series "Picturesque Ukraine" - "Gift in Chyhyryn in 1649 to rock", "Judgment is glad" and "Old age", on which the historical scene is depicted, but the nature of the country. Returning to St. Petersburg, I’m finishing my studies at the Academy, I see my money and expand the album under the title “Picturesque Ukraine”.
There is a great place in Shevchenko's dorobka for portraits. Vіn pochav pratsyuvati over them more krіpak. At the Academy, having continued my work in my gallery. Nezabara wines become one of the most famous and popular portrait painters...
Vagomimi was the reach of Shevchenko in the gallery of a painting and graphic portrait. Vіn vykonav nearly 150 tvorіv tsgogo genre, half of them were created before sending. They have a romantic conception of a person, like the example of the 18th century. and in the first half of the XIX century. outweighed the creativity of rich European artists.
Shevchenko, likening the watercolor baby to a still in the pre-academic period of his life, looming in the new song of the newcomer, and perhaps even the first baby.
Shevchenko took for himself a chimalo of the brown type of the Russian portrait school.
One of the peaks of yoga poshukiv sepiya "Kazakh Katya" (1856-1857), in which a typical image of a girl is given at the moment of insight, introducing herself as a representative of her people.
A special place in the portrait work of Shevchenko is to sit self-portraits, in some wines imagining oneself in different ways, in different moods and experiences.
The other genres of figurative art, in some ways Shevchenko was able to complete the vagomi, is the historical composition and illustration to the works of the worldly classics.
Dorobok Shevchenko is the great achievement of all Ukrainian artistic culture.
1840 rіk, olіya
1843 rіk, olіya
Movoznavtsі: "The Significance of Shevchenko's Creativity for the Development of Ukrainian Literary Movie"
Teacher.Shevchenko played an important role in the development of Ukrainian literary language. Having established that structure of the Ukrainian literary language, as the basis of modern language was preserved in the whole world, so having developed and approved the sung warehouse of the dictionary and the grammatical mode of the Ukrainian language, it became the norm and recognition for writers, the press, the theater too.
Uchen.The champions of Shevchenko in Ukrainian literature, starting from Kotlyarevsky, victorious in their works live the Ukrainian folk language, as well as the treasures of the folk art, and the victoria became more common, obviously to not reach the broad themes and literary literature. In addition, the stink of dialectic, high-school elements has not yet come out.
The norms of Ukrainian literary language, created on a folk basis, gave Shevchenko's poetry. Dzherel the great folk sings scoops from the treasures of folklore and lively rozmovnoy mov. Vіdіbrav vіd zagalnorodnoї movі everything is the most authentic and bright and revealing in his creativity the richness, gnuchkіst, beauty and melodiousness of the Ukrainian word.
Boldly in your own creation for the transfer of philosophical, political, literary and others to understand book words and virazi, words’yanizmi. And so are the words of an inshomonic approach for the creation of a different historical or mystic coloring.
Mova yoga has become a sign for the advancing Ukrainian writers.
Literary scholars: "Tell me about Shevchenko" (presented by a group of literary scholars) 6th century.
AND I. Franco: “The mighty spirit, having drunk our literature, without ceasing to vibrate and dos, and there is no Ukrainian poet and writer of a better life, which is bi-vilny buv in the infusion of that spirit. The ideas that were destroyed by Shevchenko, or that he made the basis of poetic works, remain alive and will not cease to be the leading ideas of Ukrainian literature for a long time ... Shevchenko, like a mustache genius, in many ways outperformed supremacy, for which he wrote.
O.I. Biletsky: “Shevchenko came to Ukrainian literature only if the cup of people's patience was turned upside down. Unorganized popular protest, not manifested until the end of the people's anger climbed over the Russian Empire like a grandiose gloom, which swells, pours with lead ... Ale raptom moonlight the first blow of thunder, the first discharge of electricity, which was picked up in the sky. Such a blow in the 30s - 40s pp. XIX Art. became the poetry of Shevchenko.
P.G. Tichina: “The French writer Merimee, speaking about Turgenev, that the twenty-two of them shot their acknowledgment of the “Notes of the Hunter” by beating slavery, as if rotten the whole country. O! By what number can Taras Shevchenko be shot? Take whatever you want to do, like “Katerina”, “Zapovit”, like “Gaidamaki”, “Dream”. The same guilt shot in the right and in the guilt of slavery - in kings and paniv - literally with a skin creation, literally with its poetic skin line.
"Let's learn from Taras Shevchenko to love our glorious Vitchizna."
“Hatred to the enemies is to blame, but it is merciless in us, as it was merciless in Shevchenko. Nationalist perverted creativity of Shevchenko is to be given an irreconcilable opinion. Take those who are guilty of Shevchenko, without which we, writers, can’t sing, we can’t sing: and for ourselves - political poetry, lyricism, satire, and anti-religious streaks of “Kobzar”, and a lot of other things. Appreciate Shevchenko's spadshchina! Let's learn from someone else!"
M.I. Kostomarov: “I warmly loved the Ukrainian nationality, and then, after all, I sang the shares of the common people, and my thoughts about the freedom of this people in the face of the landowner’s oppression were in love with the mind.”
M.O. Dobrolyubov: "Vіn viyshov for the people, he lives with the people, and not only with a thought, but with the surroundings of life, he was mіtsno and blood ties with him."
“Vin - a folk song sings, such as we cannot show at home. Navit Koltsov does not go with him in equal measure, to that with the storehouse of his thoughts and inspire with his pragnias, he walks among the people. In Shevchenko, navpak, all the thoughts and feelings are changed into a culture of vibrancy from the splendid and the way of the people's life.
V.P. Ostrogorsky: “Shevchenko zoomed in on the life of the country to find primal human motives, as if to shy away the poet, to understand and dear to the skin, independently from the yogo nationality ... The skin nation would respect for the greatest honor for itself the honor of naming such a poet as its own.”
Rene Depestre: “Shevchenko, with his sleepy temperament, is such a fire, which throws his eyes on all peoples who are fighting for justice and beauty. You need a wider opening of all windows and doors to the poetic wind of Shevchenko, which is the line from the banks of the Dnieper. For Cuba, for Gaiti, for all Latin America, to get to know Shevchenko, to accustom yoga to your good life - this is to mean a welcome to the wild rose of our spring.
A. Tsereteli: “I confess that for the first time I understood the words of yoga, how it is necessary to love the fatherland and your people.”
P. Grabovsky: “By strength and depth of lyricism, by artistic brilliance and beauty of images, by enchantment and melody, Shevchenko’s verse is ranked next to the most famous poets of the words of the Jansk world – Pushkin and Mickiewicz…”.
Abdilda Tazhibaev: “We love Taras to the one who is a professional artist, having sent dozens of miraculous little ones from the life of the Kazakh village of that hour in an hour, having been sent to Kazakhstan in an hour, in which he portrayed the vinyatkovo unpretentious, difficult life of the poor and laborers. The work of the poet is inspired by Rembrandt, the founder of the national Kazakh painting art.
G.V. Plekhanov: “About the poetic talent of Shevchenko, there can only be one thought: the late Taras Grigorovich should be among the greatest folk poets, such as only the all-world history of literature knows.”
Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko. Self-portrait The outstanding Ukrainian poet and artist T.G. Shevchenko was born on February 25 (March 9), 1814 in the village of Morintsy, Zvenigorod district, Kyiv province (now Cherkasy region) in the family of a serf landowner P.V. Engelhardt. Two years later, Taras' parents moved to the village of Kirillovka, where he spent his childhood. Taras' mother died in 1823, and in 1825, when Shevchenko was in his twelfth year, his father also died. From that time on, the hard, nomadic life of a homeless child begins, first with a sexton teacher, then with neighboring painters. At the deacon's school, Shevchenko learned to read and write, and from the painters he got acquainted with elementary drawing techniques.
Portrait of Pavel Engelhardt, made by T. Shevchenko in watercolor, 1833 In 1828, he got into the servant of the landowner Engelhardt in the village of Vilshan, first as a cook, and then as a Cossack. A year later, Taras served in the landowner's house in Vilna, and with his move to the capital at the beginning of 1831 - in St. Petersburg. Having discovered the boy's ability to draw, Engelhardt decided to make a house painter out of him and sent him in 1832 to study with V. Shiryaev, "various painting craftsman".
On holidays, the young man visited the Hermitage, copied the statues in summer garden, where in 1836 he met a fellow countryman - Ukrainian artist I.M. Soshenko, who, after consulting with the Ukrainian writer Grebenka, introduced Taras to the conference secretary of the Academy of Arts V. Grigorovich, the artists Venetsianov and K. Bryullov, the poet V. Zhukovsky. These acquaintances were great value in the life of Shevchenko, especially in the matter of his release from captivity. In his autobiography, T. Shevchenko wrote: “Then, having previously agreed with my landowner, Zhukovsky asked Bryullov to paint a portrait of him in order to play him in a private lottery. The great Bryullov immediately agreed, and his portrait was ready. Zhukovsky, with the help of Count Vielgorsky, arranged a lottery of 2500 rubles, and at this price my freedom was bought on April 22, 1838. "As a sign of special respect and deep gratitude to Zhukovsky, Shevchenko dedicated one of his largest works to him: "Katerina".
Katerina year “... There is a share in the world, And who knows? There is a will in the world, Where does it walk? There are people in the world - They shine in gold, It seems they are rich, But they do not know their shares - Neither share, nor will! They become relatives with misfortune - They put on Zhupan, And they are ashamed to cry, So take gold, Become rich, And leave bitter tears For me. I will flood the void with bitter tears I will trample the bondage with bare feet! Then I am cheerful, Rich and content, When my heart beats in the wild!” (1938)
In the same year, 1838, Taras Shevchenko entered the Academy of Arts, where he became a student and friend of K.P. Bryullov. Already for the genre compositions of 1840 (“The Beggar Boy Giving Bread to the Dog” and “The Gypsy Fortune Teller”) Shevchenko was awarded a silver medal of the second degree. During the years of study at the Academy of Arts, he created a number of his famous works, including "Self-Portrait", "Katerina", "Peasant Family", numerous drawings, as well as self-illustrations and illustrations for the works of Pushkin, Kvitko-Osnovyanenko, Nadezhdin, Gogol and Shakespeare. Gypsy-little girl, 1840
The best years in Shevchenko's life. During this period, his poetic talent also flourished. In 1840, the first collection of Shevchenko's poems, entitled "Kobzar", was published in St. Petersburg, which began a new era in the history of Ukrainian literature. In 1842, "Gaidamaki" was published - his largest work. Other significant works of this period are the poems "Katerina" (1838), "Blind" (1842), "Untalented" (1844), "Handy" (1845), the drama "Nazar Stodolia" (1843). Political poems "Dream" (1844), "Caucasus" (1845). At this time, the poet met and communicated with many prominent cultural figures of that time, including our countryman actor M.S. Shchepkin.
Portrait of M.S. Shchepkin by T. Shevchenko, 1857. Shevchenko and Shchepkin knew about each other long before their personal acquaintance, which apparently took place in 1844 in Moscow. The poem "Spell Me, Magician", dedicated to Shchepkin, written on December 13, 1844, indicates that even then a cordial closeness was established between them. For many years this friendship carried in itself a deep ideological, creative, human closeness of the genius of poetry and the genius of the stage. “Charm me, magician, my gray-whiskered friend! You closed your heart to the world, I'm still afraid - I'm afraid to destroy my charred house to the ground, It's scary to remain without a dream With an empty heart ... "
Church in Kyiv for a year In May 1843, Shevchenko traveled to Ukraine, where he spent about a year. Returning to St. Petersburg and graduating from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in the spring of 1845, he received the title of "non-class (free) artist" and returned to Ukraine, intending to settle in Kyiv. At this time he worked as an artist in the Kyiv Archaeological Commission, traveled a lot in Ukraine, wrote and drew.
In 1846, Shevchenko entered the university founded in late 1845 by teachers and students. Kyiv University the secret Cyril and Methodius Society, which consisted of young people who were interested in the development of the Slavic peoples, in particular the Ukrainian one. In April 1847, following a denunciation by a provocateur, the society was uncovered by the police. Its participants were arrested and punished, and Shevchenko got the most for his illegal poems. He was exiled as a private in the Orenburg region. Approving the verdict of exile and "the strictest supervision, so that from him, under no circumstances, outrageous writings could come out," Nicholas I added on his own behalf: "under the strictest supervision with the prohibition to write and draw." Shevchenko writes a letter to Zhukovsky asking him to petition for only one favor - the right to draw. In this sense, Count Gudovich and Count A. Tolstoy worked for Taras, but it turned out to be impossible to help him, the ban on drawing was not lifted until the very release. Some consolation gave him participation in an expedition to study Aral Sea in 1848 and 1849. Thanks to the humane attitude towards the exiled General V.A. Obruchev () and especially Lieutenant Butakov, Shevchenko was allowed to copy the views of the Aral coast and local folk types. He created 350 watercolor landscapes and portraits, captured the scenes of the life of the Kazakh people, soldier's life. But this indulgence soon became known in St. Petersburg; on the denunciation of one of the officers, Obruchev and Butakov were reprimanded, and Shevchenko in 1850 was exiled to a new desert slum, the Novopetrovsky fortification on about. Mangyshlak, with a repetition of the prohibition to draw.
Fire in the steppe
Self-portrait “Like chumaks, trudging in the steppes, The pillars pass the miles, The years gone by. Me, what! On commemorative sheets I write with poems I fill a book behind a book. I disperse Kruchina about a deaf fate (If these gentlemen find out). Yes, even to the cross, be their order, And without poetry I can not live. For two years I wrote them in books I'll start and in the third good hour." 1849, Kos-Aral
Shevchenko spent 10 years in exile, from June 1847 to August 1857. His release took place in 1857, under an amnesty, thanks to the persistent petitions for him by Count F.P. Tolstoy and his wife Countess A.I. Tolstoy. The return of Taras Grigorievich from exile was long and difficult. On the way, in Nizhny Novgorod, he was detained, he was banned from entering both capitals. However, friends obtained permission for him to live in St. Petersburg, where he arrived in the spring of 1858. Here he became close to the circle of the authors of Sovremennik, made friends with N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrolyubov, N.A. Nekrasov, M.L. Mikhailov, the Kurochkin brothers, A.N. Ostrovsky and others. Even sharper and more angry notes sounded in his satire. The "Third Department" again established strict supervision over the poet. The link did not break the will and revolutionary convictions of the poet. The poems and poems of the "slave muse" (as the poet called his works, created in exile and carefully hidden during searches) are marked by the growth of revolutionary sentiment. In the cycle of poems "Kings" (1848) there is a guilty verdict against tyrants and a call for reprisals against them. During the years of exile, realistic stories were written in Russian: "Princess" (1853), "Musician" (), "Unfortunate", "Captain", "Twins" (all), "Artist" (1856); all of them are imbued with anti-serfdom sentiments and contain many autobiographical details.
I, so as not to jinx it, do not get sick, But I notice behind myself - Something is wrong with my heart. Like a hungry child, It is waiting for something, crying, Do not sleep. Perhaps expecting Evil? Do not wait for the good- In vain we wait for the will: Pressed down by Nikolai, She fell asleep. In order to wake up the poor fellow, it is necessary to quickly harden the butt with the whole world Yes, sharpen the ax sharper And then wake it up. And then, perhaps, it will happen like this - Until the doomsday, fall asleep! The lords will help you sleep soundly: Everyone will erect temples And their drunken king Yes, glorify Byzantium, And we will not wait for another. November 22, 1858 Petersburg.
But the difficult years of exile led to a rapid deterioration in health and talent. Attempts to arrange a family hearth were unsuccessful, until the end of his days he remained alone. After a short stay in St. Petersburg, Shevchenko again goes to his homeland. Then he had the idea to buy himself an estate on the Dnieper. Was chosen beautiful place near Kanev, on Chernecheya Gora. Shevchenko worked hard to acquire it, but he did not have to settle here. Once he read his poems in an unfamiliar drunken company, the local mayor immediately filed a report addressed to the governor, Prince Dolgorukov, that "academician Shevchenko" agitated the people against the authorities. He was arrested again, ordered to leave Ukraine and return to St. Petersburg under the supervision of the III Section. Distracted by numerous literary and artistic acquaintances, Shevchenko last years wrote little and drew little. Almost all of his time, free from dinner parties and evenings, Shevchenko devoted to engraving, which he then became very interested in. In the same year, 1860, he received the title of Academician in copper engraving. The poet met the beginning of 1861 seriously ill. In his letters to Ukraine to his second cousin Bartholomew, he wrote that he would wait for spring, come to Ukraine, and there he would definitely recover. Before his death, as if relief had come, early in the morning of March 10, 1861, Taras Shevchenko got out of bed, asked to be helped to get dressed and go to the workshop. He started down the stairs and fell. The servant, assigned to the academician of the Imperial Academy of Arts, heard his last will: "Before Kanev ..." - and the poet's heart stopped.
When I die, bury me On the dear Ukraine, In the middle of the wide steppe Dig a grave, To lie on the barrow for me, Above the mighty river, To hear how the Old Dnieper rages under the steep. And when from the fields of Ukraine the Blood of hateful enemies Will be carried by him... that's when I'll get up from the grave- I'll rise and reach God's threshold, I'll pray... Until then I don't know God. Bury and rise, Break the chains, Sprinkle the Will with Evil enemy blood. And me in a great family In a free, new family, Do not forget - remember with a kind, quiet word. 1845, Pereyaslav
Memory The name of Taras Shevchenko is carried by: - Motor ship. - National University in Kyiv (opposite the central building of the university in the park, also named after Taras Shevchenko, there is a monument to the poet-kobzar). - Boulevard in Kyiv, which is one of the central avenues of the capital of Ukraine. - Embankment in Moscow. - Lugansk Pedagogical University. - Transnistrian State University in Tiraspol. - State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre. T. G. Shevchenko in Kyiv. - Volyn Regional Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater named after T. G. Shevchenko. - In the USSR, the name was given to the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater. - Streets in many cities of Ukraine, Russia and other countries are named after him (for example, in Tbilisi, Vilnius, Ashgabat). - Squares in Kyiv, St. Petersburg, London and New York are also named after him. - Since 1924, the Kazakh city of Fort Aleksandrovsky has been called Fort Shevchenko, and from 1964 to 1991 the city of Aktau was called Shevchenko. - Boulevard in Minsk. In Minsk, next to the Ukrainian embassy, a monument was erected to him. - Park in Odessa, avenue. - Kyiv metro station.
List of used literature and materials 1. Shevchenko T. Collected works in five volumes / T. Shevchenko, under. ed. A. Deutsch, M. Rylsky, N. Ushakov.- M.: Khudozh. lit., Shevchenko T. Collected works in four volumes / T. Shevchenko .- M .: Publishing House "Pravda", (Library "Spark") 3. Shevchenko T. Lyrics. Per. from Ukrainian/T. Shevchenko, foreword, comp. and approx. A. Deycha.- M.: Artist. lit. s. 4. Shevchenko T. Poems. Per. from Ukrainian/T. Shevchenko, comp., entry. article and commentaries of a doctor philologist. Sciences N.S. Nadyarnykh. - M.: Det. lit., p. 5. History of the Orenburg region [Electronic resource].- Electron. text. Dan.- Access mode: 6. Shevchenko Taras Grigoryevich [Electronic resource].- Electron. text. Dan.- Access mode: 7. Shevchenko Taras Grigoryevich [Electronic resource].- Electron. text. data - Access mode:
Literary evening gives an idea of the personality and work of T.G. Shevchenko, both a writer and an artist, forms an interest in the personality and work of T.G. Shevchenko. It can be used in extracurricular classes in literature, for classroom hours and library events.
Equipment: map of Ukraine, portrait of Taras Shevchenko; paintings by Taras Shevchenko; song "Roars and moans the wide Dnieper". Portrait of the artist K. Bryullov, portrait of the poet Zhukovsky / artist K. Bryullov /"He himself was the immortal song of his talented, freedom-loving people"
Belinsky.
/ The song “Roars and moans the Dnieper wide” sounds /
Librarian: This famous song about the Dnieper was composed by Taras Grigoryevich Shevchenko. He was great poet- composed wonderful poems, in addition, he was a talented artist - he painted beautiful pictures. It is enough to look at him to remember this high forehead, gray-blue eyes. A man with a simple, kind face is looking at us from the portrait. And today we have gathered to talk about this man. 8th grade students will help me.
1 Presenter: Taras Shevchenko was born 190 years ago in 1814, in a poor peasant family. His father's name was Grigory Ivanovich, and his mother's name was Katerina Yakimovna. All relatives were serfs. Taras was born in the village of Morintsy. But soon the pan transferred the family to the village of Kirilovka - now Shevchenko, in the Chernihiv region. Here in a wretched hut he spent his childhood (showing the picture "Hut").
Lead 2: The family lived in need: five sisters and two brothers. Father and mother disappeared in the pan's field, and Taras did not see them for days on end. Mother was replaced by sister Katerina. Taras grew up very inquisitive. He loved to listen to stories and songs. But most of all he loved grandfather Ivan. He talked about heroes, about the uprisings of serfs. The stories of his grandfather awakened Taras's thoughts about the fate of the serfs.
3 Host: About how Taras went to look for iron pillars that support the sky, his relatives told. Once he played in the garden. The river murmured quietly. Birds sang on the viburnum bushes. The midday sun rolled slowly across the sky. Katerina weeded the flower garden and sang a song in a thin voice. She did not see how Taras went down into the valley and wandered out of the village. Grandfather Ivan said: "There the sky is propped up by pillars."
But where are the pillars that prop up the sky? Maybe where the sky meets the earth?
Far, far away, the sun was setting.
Chumaks rode towards Taras, they brought the boy home. In the meantime, the alarm began in the hut. Katerina was knocked off her feet, she could not find her pet anywhere. But then a white head appeared.
- Came! Came! After supper she put him to bed, with affectionate reproach called him "a tramp."
4 Lead: I started drawing very early. As soon as chalk or coal falls into his hands, he will now paint the wall or floor in the hut. Mother and sister Katerina were very good at drawing. On the walls near the windows - flowers, on the stove - doves, roosters. They were invited to paint in neighboring huts. In winter, the boy watched what kind of drawings the frost draws on the glass, spring came to replace winter. Later, Taras Shevchenko writes the poem "Haydamaki" and draws spring like this.
Earth sleeping under the snow
Spring woke up
Ant - dressed with grass,
Covered with flowers.
In the field the lark is sonorous,
nightingale on willow
The awakened one is met
Earth with the first song.
1 Presenter: When Taras was 8 years old, grandfather Ivan sent him to science to the clerk Pavel Ruban. The first year the clerk taught the children the Slavic alphabet. In the second year - read and write. That was all the writing. Taras quickly mastered this letter. And the girls were not taught at all. The teacher-clerk was very angry. Guilty students were often whipped with cherry rods. And on Saturdays he flogged everyone in a row - both right and wrong. Taras was an obedient child. However, on Saturday it hit him too.
Sheet of paper. And I will fasten
I thread a little book. Crosses
And a thin frame with flowers
I'll circle the pages.
I will rewrite the pan
Or "Three kings from the dawn"
And away from the road
So that no one judges me
I sing and cry.
2 Host: The dearest people are the father and mother. When Taras was 9 years old, his hard-working mother died, she was often sick. In the autumn of the same year, the father brought his stepmother with 3 children from Morints. Life was hard for the orphans. One day my father left the house far away with the chumaks. At this time, an old soldier came into the hut - and asked to spend the night. In the morning, the soldier saw that someone had stolen 3 gold coins from his bag. The stepmother suspected Taras and beat him, he hid in the viburnum bushes. And then it turned out that they beat Taras in vain, because Stepanko, the son of his stepmother, stole the money. My father often traveled long distances. The winter was fierce, but what kind of clothes does a serf have? A scroll with holes, the wind walks on the back. Grigory Ivanovich fell ill for a short time, before his death looked at Taras and said that he had nothing to do in the household, because he would make a great man.
Librarian: Taras had to endure a lot of adversity, but he was constantly studying, only his teachers were not entirely successful. He learned to draw mainly from the clerks, who entrusted him with the most difficult work. A little time passed - Pan Pavel Vasilyevich Engelhardt, the owner of Taras, arrived from the distant city of Vilnius, who took him to his chambers as a Cossack. Taras Shevchenko saw such big cities as Kyiv for the first time. Now he had to learn Polish.
3 Host: Taras was mobile, he was used to working, but here he had to sit in the hallway. At night, Taras went to sleep in the people's room, there was his treasured chest with pictures, most often he painted grandfather Ivan. One day the pan and his wife went to a ball. The Cossack lit candles and began to draw a portrait of one of the heroes of the VO war of 1812 - the Cossack Platonov. He copied it completely, it remains to finish drawing only the hooves of the horse. Carried away by work, he did not notice how the pan returned and entered the office.
Who let you burn candles? Beat pan Taras, and even punished the servant Sidorka the next day, at the stable, to unfasten him with rods. And yet every day there were more and more drawings in the chest. In his free time, he painted the garden of the house, people. Pani Sofia once told her husband that Taras draws well, then in holidays, pan allowed him to draw in his garden from nature. One day the pan's neighbor came in. It was a famous portrait painter Jan Rustem. He immediately appreciated the drawings of the young serf, advised the pan to send him to study. The events of December 14, 1825 broke out. They echoed across Russia. The tsar - the largest landowner in Russia - executed people because they demanded freedom, land, human rights. In the autumn of 1830, the revolution came to Vilna, Pan Taras, worried, left his service in Vilna and rushed off to St. Petersburg. So young Taras ended up in a big city, the capital of Russia.
4 Host: Pan finally sent Taras to study with the artist V. Shiryaev, who at one time was also a serf. He was given the right to use the artist's library. Shiryaev then painted the ceiling of the Bolshoi Theater. He entrusted this work to Taras.
Who painted it? - asked Shiryaev.
- This is my student, the serf of Pan Zngelgardt, Taras Shevchenko.
- Draws well!
- So he paints portraits and paintings. Talent!
- This is good! It is necessary that such talent is not lost. We should send him to a higher art school - the Academy.
- What are you, the Academy? Serfs are not allowed there. Only free people have the right to study at the Academy.
1 Host: Taras was attracted by the beauty of the Summer Garden, he went to admire and draw marble statues. And one day he met with a fellow countryman - artist Ivan Maksimovich Soshenko, through whom he met with the progressive people of that time: Venitsianov, Bryullov. Then, secretly from his friends, he began to write poetry, the poems "Spoiled", "My Thoughts".
My thoughts, my thoughts
Woe, thoughts are with you!
What did you get up on paper
Gloomy rows?
That the wind did not dispel you
Dust in space?
What do you have at night like a child
Did grief fall?
2 Presenter: The progressive people of St. Petersburg - writers, poets, artists - became friends with Taras Shevchenko. They tried to persuade the pan to let Taras go free, but where is it! And I didn't want to listen. Pan needs money. When, having decided to redeem him from serfdom, they asked how much he would take for Taras, the pan asked for 5 thousand. We agreed on 2.5 thousand. At that time it was a lot of money. Friends wholeheartedly decided to help. Zhukovsky persuaded Karl Bryullov to paint his portrait and play this portrait in a lottery. The portrait was painted - it is now in Kyiv in the museum of Taras Shevchenko. He was played in a lottery, collected 2.5 thousand rubles and bought Taras out of captivity. Then he was 24 years old. On April 25, 1838, at the apartment of the artist Bryullov, Taras was given a vacation pay. Taras set to work with great enthusiasm. He painted pictures under the direction of Karl Bryullov. I read a lot and expanded my knowledge. And most importantly - he was now a free man! Taras Grigorievich wrote to his brother Nikita: “I live, I study, I bow to no one and I am not afraid of anyone ... It is a great happiness to be a free man.”
3 Host: While studying at the Academy of Arts, Taras Grigorievich showed great talent. He was rewarded with 3 silver medals for the paintings: "Drawing from nature", "Little beggar gives a piece of bread to the dog", "Gypsy fortune teller". At the same time, Taras showed his talent as an artist and poet. He wrote folk poetry. Having collected them, he published a book, which he called "Kobzar", the poem "Gaidamaki" and many other poems.
In the dark grove the wind howls,
Walks across the field
He flies on a poplar,
Bends to the ground.
The camp is high, the sheet is wide
Why is it green!
Around the field, like the sea,
Turns blue wide
Look chumak at the poplar,
The heart will become sad;
Shepherd in the morning with a nozzle
Sits on the mound
Looks and the soul sings:
Not a blade of grass around!
The poplar is dying, as in captivity
An orphan is dying.
Poetic works Shevchenko sometimes filled with paintings. So he composed the poem "Katerina" and painted a picture on this subject.
4 Presenter: Taras Grigorievich has been longing to visit Ukraine for a long time. He hasn't been there for 14 years. At home, Taras Grigorievich visited his brothers - Mikita, Osip and sisters - Katerina, Yarina, Marusya. I visited grandfather Ivan, all my relatives. Taras Grigorievich was very fond of children. Driving through Ukraine and looking at the children of serfs, he seemed to see his childhood.
When else…
I'll meet a boy, lonely
Like a torn leaf from a branch.
He sits leaning against the tynu,
Dressed in torn canvas, -
And I think it's me
What is my youth!
And it seems to me: in a harsh share
He will not see free will,
Holy will. And like this...
And like this -
In vain - they flew by ashes
All the best of his years.
Taras Grigorievich was in Ukraine three times during his life.
1 Lead: In 1846, the intelligentsia of Kyiv organized a circle of people who dreamed of uniting the Slavic peoples into one family, dreamed of destroying serfdom. There was an informer in the circle and on April 5, 1847, Shevchenko was arrested. During the arrest, manuscripts of his poems "Dream", "Commandment" were found. In verse, he laughs at the royal couple:
The king speaks through the halls
Tall, angry.
Walking important
With skinny, thin-legged
Like a dried-up honey agaric
Poor queen.
And besides, she's poor
Shakes his head.
Tsar Nicholas read, he was furious. There was no court. The king wrote with his own hand: "Under the strictest supervision, with the prohibition to write and draw." This was the most severe punishment. Shevchenko was taken to Orenburg, then to the fortress-prison Orsk. In Orsk, Private Taras Shevchenko was drilled every day until he lost his senses. He was exhausted, ill with scurvy. But he did not lose heart, but began to secretly write poetry and hide them behind the tops of his boots, in Ukrainian - “freebie”. This little book is now called "Zakhaljavnaya". In exile, Taras heard many stories about the terrible life of the serfs of Russia. Taras saw how the local population of the Cossacks endure human oppression.
2 Host: Unexpectedly, in the spring of 1848, a young geographer and sailor officer Alexei Butakov arrived in Orenburg. He needed to pick up people to take with him to the Aral Sea to explore its shores and wealth. Butakov took Shevchenko to sketch the shores of the Aral Sea. Taras was glad to escape from the fortress, he could paint. The detachment walked 700 km. to Fort Raim, preparing for a sea voyage. For two months he sailed on the ship Konstantin and painted and painted. During this time, he wrote many exciting poems about the Motherland, about his beloved Ukraine. Recalling his childhood, he wrote:
Cherry garden near the hut,
Khrushchi scurry over cherries
Plowmen go with plows,
They go home, the girls sing,
And their mothers are waiting for them at home.
Everyone has dinner near the hut.
The evening star rises
And my daughter serves dinner.
Mother would grumble, but that's the trouble,
The nightingale does not give her.
Mother laid near the hut
Their little children
She fell asleep next to them,
Everything calmed down ... Some girls
Yes, the nightingale did not calm down.
3 Presenter: For almost a year and a half, the expedition explored the coast of the Aral Sea, for the second winter it arrived again in Orsk. At this time, one of the officers reported that Shevchenko violated the royal will - he draws and writes, and the authorities indulge him. Shevchenko was searched, his papers and books were taken away, and he was put in jail. Five months later he was transferred to the Novo-Petrovsky Fortress.
4 Host: When Shevchenko was taken to this “unlocked prison”, he took a fresh willow branch and brought it with him. The poet planted and watered it every day, and now a large tree grew from a twig. Taras Grigoryevich stayed in this fortress for 7 years, he was constantly monitored, as if Shevchenko again did not have a pencil and paper in his hands. It was flour. There were cases when money was sent to the soldiers by mail, the officers took it and drank it away, if the soldier was indignant, then he was driven through the ranks. 2 thousand soldiers hit the offender with a rod. Taras painted a picture "Kara with Spitzrutecs". From clay, Taras Grigoryevich sculpted figurines of children who posed for him. He was very fond of children and subsequently depicted them in the paintings: “Children are beggars”, “Children are begging”. Shevchenko spent ten years and three months in exile, which undermined his health. On August 1, 1857, the commandant of the fortress gave Shevchenko a ticket to St. Petersburg. But when Taras Grigorievich arrived in Nizhny Novgorod, his documents were taken away and he was forbidden to live in Moscow and St. Petersburg. After much hassle of Shevchenko's friends, entry into St. Petersburg was allowed.
1 Host: At the end of May 1859, he receives permission to travel to his native Ukraine. Taras Grigoryevich went from Ukraine, but the idea settled - to live out his life in his homeland.
2 Host: After returning from a trip to Ukraine, Shevchenko was ill for a long time, but he worked very hard: he was preparing a new edition of Kobzar, he really wanted the common people to study, he compiled a primer for this. In 1860 he wrote over 40 poems for adults and children. In winter, Taras Grigorievich fell completely ill and took to his bed. March 9, 1861 he was 47 years old. Congratulatory telegrams came, many friends came, but Taras Grigoryevich could no longer get up. The next day he felt better. At half past five he got up and went to the studio to complete the portrait. But as he began to descend the stairs, his legs trembled, he staggered and fell. On the cold morning of March 10, 1861, he was gone. Friends buried the poet at the Smolensk cemetery in St. Petersburg. But even during his lifetime, Shevchenko wrote a "Testament" and asked to be buried in dear Ukraine. Fulfilling his will, friends began to fuss about how to transport the ashes to Ukraine. From Moscow to Kyiv they were carried on horseback. The coffin was carried over the Dnieper to Podol, put on a steamer and taken to Kanev. And then, over the Dnieper, on a high steeper, the poet was buried, as he bequeathed.
Librarian: The life path of the poet and artist was thorny and difficult, his life was short, but he never betrayed his people. Many years have passed since the death of Taras Grigoryevich Shevchenko, but he lives in the memory of the people.
Semenkova Vera Stepanovna, librarian