Class hour charity patronage good deeds. Class hour about charity “On the road of goodness” class hour on the topic
Classroom hour
"The road of goodness"
Goals and objectives:
to form moral qualities, to develop in children a sense of camaraderie, mutual assistance;
introduce the concept of charity, show its role in history and modern society;
broaden one's horizons lexicon students.
Equipment : poster "flower of kindness"; explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov; recording of the song by Y. Entin and M. Minkov "The Road of Kindness", music center.
Event progress:
Teacher:
Today we will talk about the quality, without which a person cannot be called a person.
The word is serious
Main, important
What it means
Much needed for everyone.
It has care and kindness
Warmth and love.
It has an aspiration
Come to the rescue
Again and again.
This quality
Lives in the heart of many
And the pain of others
Doesn't let you forget.
And it's more important
Than face beauty.
Guess what it is?
Kindness heart!
What quality are we talking about? Yes, today we will talk about kindness.
Kindness... Kindness... What is it? Let's look into explanatory dictionary Ozhegov:
Good - all positive, good, useful.
Kindness - responsiveness, sympathy, friendly disposition towards people, the desire to do good to others.
This human quality has been highly valued at all times and has been developed over the centuries in order to make life easier for everyone, to communicate with each other, so that this communication brings joy. Here are some sayings about the kindness of eminent people.(student read)
"Kindness is an amazing thing. It brings together like nothing else. Kindness saves us from loneliness, emotional wounds and uninvited insults." (Dramaturg V. Rozov).
"Nothing costs us so cheaply and is not valued so dearly as politeness and kindness." (Miguel Cervantes)
"Kindness, that's the quality that I want to acquire more than anyone else." (Leo Tolstoy)
"True kindness lies in a benevolent attitude towards people." (Jean Jacques Rousseau)
Let's remember proverbs and sayings about kindness.
(Students name proverbs and sayings that they have chosen in advance. Some proverbs are written on the board, students explain their meaning.)
Without good deeds there is no good name.
Life is given for good deeds.
A good word will build a house, an evil word will destroy a house.
Good is not sought from good.
A kind word is half the happiness.
It is bad for those who do no good to anyone.
A good deed is worth more than wealth.
Beauty is taken away by years, kindness will not be taken away.
For some reason, nowadays people are embarrassed to be kind. Really modern man do not need sympathy, empathy, attention, goodwill?
Student: Let's worship kindness!
Let's live with the thought of kindness:
All in blue and starry beauty,
Good land. She gives us bread
Living water and a tree in bloom.
Under this ever restless sky
Let's fight for kindness!
Poet A. Chepurov
Teacher: And how many words are formed from the word good!
The poster depicts a "flower of kindness", words are written on its petals, children read them and explain the meaning.
What kind of person can be kind?
(Only one who is always kind to people, who thinks not only about himself, but also about others can be kind. a kind person always considers the interests of others.)
- Do you think it's easy to be really kind? What rules of kindness must be followed in order to be kind? (Love people you know and don't know, encourage others to have good relationships, do good for loved ones, friends, don't envy, don't be mean, don't be rude, etc.)
Where and how do you show kindness? Give examples from your life when you did something good for another person for no reason, not for a reward. What good deed have you done in your life that made you and the people around you happy?(Children's answers)
Student : A log lay in the way,
It disturbed travelers.
One said, "Not good."
He said, and know yourself went.
The second looked, then sighed,
And then he stepped over the log.
But the third traveler remained silent.
He was both frail and small in appearance.
He silently took off his sheepskin coat
And removed the log to the side.
Teacher: - Scream about your good deeds not worth it, because, as the proverb says: "He who is truly good does good in silence."
- A kind person helps not only people, he helps everyone around him: birds, animals, plants. Learning to be truly kind is hard. The path to kindness is not easy, ups and downs, evil and good await a person on it. Every person, big and small, has their own path to kindness.
Now I will read you excerpts from two stories. Listen carefully.
1.
The student, returning from school, saw how the old woman, having put a heavy package on the bench, could not catch her breath. He approached her and offered his services. He helped to carry the cargo, although it was not on his way.
The next time, while hurrying to school, he saw an old man at the crossroads, who did not dare to cross the street. The boy approached him, took him by the hand and led him to the other side of the street. Just as the old man was about to thank him, the boy was not near him.
2
. When the old neighbor asked the boy to buy milk for her in the store, he agreed, but said that she should thank him for this.
- Analyze these situations and tell me why good deeds were done? What would you do if you were the boys?
Where does good always triumph over evil? Of course in fairy tales.Many writers in their work turn to the theme of kindness, kindness.
Which one is happier and why? Prove it.
What words would you choose to describe the sun? Can you call him kind?
You said that if a person is kind and generously shares with others, like the sun in a fairy tale, then he often gains more than he loses. Therefore, for a long time, rich people have been involved in charity work. Let's look at the dictionary again.
Charity -providing material assistance to the poor out of mercy.
An important and integral part of the activities of the merchants is charity. Generous donations for public needs, for the development of culture and education, for the needs of the church and health care, care for orphans, the disabled, the homeless, prisoners and other categories of the disadvantaged population - all this was a common expense item for Russian merchants.
A common phenomenon was the construction of buildings at the expense of one merchant or all parishioners. For example, the construction of the Trinity Cathedral, which lasted more than half a century. The inventory of donors for the construction and restoration of the cathedral included the majority of Tomsk merchants: F.S. Tolkachev, P.V. Mikhailov, D.I. Tetskov, N.E. Filimonov, A.M. Serebrennikov, N.I. Vereshchagin and many others. But even among them, Z.M. Tsibulsky. His donation amounted to 150,000 rubles.
Another reason for the charity of the Tomsk merchants was the needs of public education, care for orphans and children of poor parents. Merchants donated money, building materials, buildings, and books to schools and colleges. A major donor for the needs of education was I.A. Erenev. He built in the Zaozersky suburb, where he had tanneries, two schools and was an honorary guardian in them, that is, he took all the expenses on himself.
Great influence on public life and the development of education was provided by the activities of the merchant Pyotr Ivanovich Makushin, who, together with his companion merchant V.V. Mikhailov opened the first bookstore in Siberia on February 19, 1873, the anniversary of the abolition of serfdom in Russia. Subsequently, P.I. Makushin began to trade not only books, but also stationery, in 1880 a music store was opened, almost all schools and gymnasiums of the Tomsk province became clients of the trading house. Makushin was engaged in the publication of the Siberian Newspaper. Unlike the Tomsk Gubernskie Gazette, the Siberian Newspaper published news from Siberia and Tomsk, analytical, journalistic articles, essays, feuilletons. Sometimes the materials contained criticism of the Tomsk authorities, which caused the closure of the newspaper in 1888. When the newspaper began to appear again, but under the new name "Siberian Life", it was of interest to Tomsk residents for more than a dozen years.
Urban beautification and health care is another area of charitable undertakings. Hospitals were built on private and public funds, parks and gardens were arranged, streets were paved, bridges were built. In Tomsk, gold miner Ivan Dmitrievich Astashev is known for his charity. Since 1844, he kept the Tomsk shelter. Having become a millionaire, Astashev erects one of the first stone houses in Tomsk, which is still a landmark of Tomsk (this is the building of the Museum of Local Lore).
The merchant Evgraf Ivanovich Korolev is known for having built the first stone theater building in Tomsk on the Moskovsky Trakt, and also helped in the construction of a number of Tomsk churches, opened and maintained an orphanage at his own expense, and regularly donated money to school education. The merchant's charitable activities were marked by state awards. When E.I. Korolev died in 1900, one list of his deeds for the benefit of the city took up a whole newspaper column.
Another large donation for the needs of the city was made by S.S. Valgusov. He received permission to erect a building in Tomsk free library. Donations to S.S. Valgusov was on a par with the donations of other Siberian merchants, who, not being able to receive a good education, appreciated and loved the book business, tried to disseminate knowledge more widely, stimulate the writing of new books.
Tomsk merchants did not pass by the “Society for the Assistance of physical development". In the Petukhovsky Garden, the society organized a skating rink in winter, playgrounds for children and adults in summer, a game instructor from Filippius was hired, paths for cyclists were laid in the garden, and baths with a swimming school were arranged on the river. The society also carried out other activities associated with large expenses, some of which were received through donations from Tomsk merchants.
Quite often in Tomsk and other cities of Siberia there were fires, there were floods and other natural disasters. The population was left without a roof over their heads and without the necessary property, and merchants helped people get back on their feet with their donations. For example, on April 25, 1882, a fire broke out in Tomsk, and three blocks of houses burned out in Zaozerye. The next day, April 26, a fire broke out in the central part of the city, on Sands. The first to respond to the disaster were the Queen's brothers, who presented 500 rubles to the council for distribution to the poorest residents of the city affected by the fire, and they also donated 150 rubles to hire a horse with a barrel to carry water to the fire. In the future, the circle of donors to help the victims of this fire expanded, and the amount of donations increased many times over.
Finally, Siberians were not alien to patriotic donations. During the two most difficult wars for Russia in the 19th century (the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Crimean War of 1853-1855), funds were raised in Siberia to fight the enemy invasion.
The lists of donors and donations can be expanded for a long time, and among them quite rare and original initiatives will be found. So, in 1892, the merchant A. Kukhterin equipped at his own expense the expedition of Tomsk University professor S.I. Zalessky in order to study the healing properties of Lake Karachinsky in the Kainsky district, and the following year, the expedition of the same professor was financed by E. Korolev.
The concern of the city duma for the merchants known for their charity was touching. According to the decision of the Duma, their portraits were hung in the building of the City Duma, in the public bank, in educational institutions arranged by them, their names were called schools, the streets of the city.
Student: When on the slopes of eternal vanity
You will get tired of running from failures fiercely,
Guide the steps along the path of Kindness
And joy help to find someone.
No matter how life flies - do not regret your days,
Do a good deed for the happiness of people.
So that the heart burns, and does not smolder in the dark,
Do a good deed - that's how we live on earth.
Today in Tomsk, just like in other cities, there are various foundations that support the traditions of charity. The Alena Petrova Foundation, for example, in 2011 collected more than 10 million rubles, which will be used to purchase medicines, hygiene products, toys, stationery for sick children; organization of holidays and promotions; equipment, repair and maintenance of the Rehabilitation Center, as well as to help all children in need. In November, in our region, under the patronage of the governor Victor Kress, the Decade of Charity was held. As part of the Decade of Charity, “Give a Smile” concerts for veterans, “From Family to Family” campaigns to collect things for low-income families, and organized raids to help lonely and elderly people were held. In Seversk, the action “Help the kids” was held to collect toys for children abandoned by their parents. It was also here that the action "Soldier's New Year” to collect New Year's gifts for soldiers. Thematic events were held in all schools of the region open lessons, citywide lines, competitions of drawings, essays, posters about kindness and mercy. In addition, special issues of newspapers and radio programs were published, sports games were held, festivals of national cultures were held, and exhibitions were organized in school libraries.
And I want to end our conversation with a wonderful song by Y. Entin and M. Minkov
"Good Road" (children sing a song)
Ask strict life:
Which way to go
Where in the world white
Leave in the morning?
Follow the sun
Though the path is unknown
Go my friend, always go
Dear good!
Forget your worries
Falls and ups.
Don't whine when fate leads
Not like a sister.
But if it's bad with a friend,
Don't rely on a miracle...
Hurry to him, always go
Dear good!
Oh, how many will be different
Doubts and temptations!
Don't forget that this life
Not child's play.
Drive away temptations
Learn the unspoken law:
Go my friend, always go
Dear good!
Literature:
- "Teacher's workshop", authors L.A. Obukhova, N.A. Lemyaskina, Moscow "Vako", 2008.
- Handbook of the class teacher, author N.I. Derekleeva. Moscow "Vako", 2009
- Used information from the Internet:
Applications:
- Gianni Rodari "Sun and cloud"
The sun merrily and proudly rolled across the sky on its fiery chariot and generously scattered its rays - in all directions!
And everyone had fun. Only the cloud got angry and grumbled in the sun. And no wonder - she was in a thunderous mood.
- You're a spender! - the cloud frowned. - Leaky hands! Throw, throw your beams! Let's see what you're left with!
And in the vineyards, each berry caught the sun's rays and rejoiced in them. And there was not such a blade of grass, a spider or a flower, there was not even such a drop of water that would not try to get its piece of the sun.
- Well, spend more! - the cloud did not let up. - Spend your wealth! You will see how they will thank you when you have nothing left to take!
The sun, as before, merrily rolled across the sky, and gave away its rays in millions, billions. When it counted them at sunset, it turned out that everything was in place - look, every single one!
Upon learning of this, the cloud was so surprised that it immediately scattered into hail. And the sun splashed cheerfully into the sea.
2. Poems and songs that can be used during the class hour.
"Kindness" (words by N. Tulupova, music by I. Luchenok).
Kindness does not depend on growth,
Kindness does not depend on color.
Kindness is not a gingerbread, not a candy.
Chorus: Just need, need to be kind
And in trouble do not forget each other.
And the earth will spin faster
If we are kinder to you.
Being kind is not at all easy,
Kindness does not depend on growth,
Kindness makes people happy
And in return does not require a reward.
Kindness never gets old
Kindness will warm you from the cold.
Kindness shines like the sun.
Adults and children rejoice.
L. Tatyanicheva
Gets expensive
Happiness difficult roads.
What good have you done
How did you help people?
This measure measures
All earthly works
Maybe grow a tree
Ile cleared the ponds?
Are you building a rocket?
Hydro station? House?
warming up the planet
By your peaceful labor?
Ile under snow powder
Whose life are you saving?
Do good things for people
Be nice yourself.
Don't stand by indifferently
When someone is in trouble.
You need to rush to the rescue
Any minute, always.
And if ever someone
Your smile will help
Are you happy that day
Wasn't lived in vain
What years you live not in vain!
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MKOU Mamontovskaya Basic School of Sokolsky Urban District
Nizhny Novgorod region
Classroom hour
"Do Good"
Teacher of Mathematics and Informatics Zotova Lyubov Valerievna
AT last years the life of our "new Russians" is covered with special gusto in
the standard of behavior as a symbol of success in life. Modern youth is inspired
the idea that the main thing in this life is pleasure, and money is only a means
satisfaction of desires. Meanwhile, the Russian Orthodox tradition is characterized
completely different attitude to money, wealth. The richest Russian merchants,
therefore, many of them were patrons of art, engaged in charity. Pre-
the proposed scenario of the class hour introduces children to the names of the most famous Russians
patrons P.M. Tretyakov and S.T. Morozov. During the conversation cool
the leader helps the children understand their motives charitable activities -
Orthodox ethics and patriotism. A class hour on this topic would be appropriate
spend on Christmas Day. This is the time for charity and mercy
sincere attention to all who need our participation, help and care.
Tse whether: expand children's understanding of what charity is,
patronage; to acquaint with the activities of P.M. Tretyakova, S.T. Morozov;
form a positive moral assessment of such human qualities as
mercy, empathy, sympathy; promote kindness,
sincerity; encourage children to participate in charity events.
Preparatory work with children
Choose a creative group (7 children) who will prepare an information block
class hour. The subject and content of the information block can be taken from
script materials.
Equipment
Portraits of P.M. Tretyakova, S.T. Morozov, photograph of the Tretyakovskaya building
galleries, reproductions of paintings from the Tretyakov collection, a photograph of the Moscow Art Theater building.
Decor
At recess before class hour write on the board the topic, the epigraph: “God gives
wealth for use and will require an account on it. (Proverb)
class plan
I. Problem situation. How Dimka became a patron of the arts.
II. Discussion of the situation.
III. Information block.
1. "Patrons, sponsors and benefactors".
2. "The feat of the merchant Tretyakov."
3. "Sponsor" of the Moscow Art Theater.
IV. Interactive conversation.
IV. "Modern Timurs".
v. VI. Summarizing.
Class hour progress
I. Problem situation. "How Dimka became a philanthropist"
Classroom teacher. Guys, look at the blackboard, The theme of our class hour
written on the board - "Do good." Three more words are written below - "sponsor",
patron and benefactor. Now we will talk about the meaning of these words.
Listen to a little story, please. It was told to me by my mother
seventh grader.
Her son Dima is fond of aircraft modeling. Literally every week he glues
some new aircraft model. These models are everywhere in his room: on the closet, on
shelves, on the table, under the bed. Mom tried to slowly throw away these products,
some kind of fighter. And so mom went to the trick. She said that these
model aircraft can do a good deed. We need to give them to the neighbor twins Sasha
and Serezha. In their large family, children are not spoiled with toys, and if Dimka
bring them so many great models, kids will have a real
celebration. This idea inspired Dimka so much that he immediately rushed to collect
a gift to the neighbors. I found a large box, neatly placed everything in it.
his models and, being generous, poured his children's cars into it. Closed
box and went to the yard, where Sashka and Seryozhka were lonely digging in the sandbox.
Mom saw from the balcony how Dimka approached the guys, how he put in front of them
huge box, as the kids timidly looked into it, not daring to touch
such wealth. Mom moved away from the window when she saw that Dimka was going to
launch your biggest plane. Already from the kitchen she heard happy
children's laughter in the yard and realized that the tests of the liner were successful.
Dimka returned home kind, happy and tired, like Santa Claus after
twenty-fifth Christmas tree. He immediately called his girlfriend Nathan "naturally
said: "Congratulate me, I became a patron of the arts." But Natasha, having heard his story, did not
agreed with him.
II . Discussion of the situation
Class teacher. What do you guys think, why Natasha did not agree
call Dimka a patron of the arts?
Sample responses from children:
She envied.
She did not believe that he was capable of such a thing.
She did not know who the patron was.
She wanted Dimka to give all the airplanes to her.
Class teacher. Maybe Dima should have been called the sponsor of the kids?
Children say that the sponsor gives money, provides financial assistance, and Dima
donated toys.
How can you call Dima's act?
Children say that the word is best for determining Dima's act
"charity".
AT The word "charity" has two roots: "good" and "create". What a good deed
created Dima?
Sample responses from children:
He shared his toys, gave away what he held dear.
He gave joy to the kids.
Made a surprise, arranged a holiday for the poor children.
He not only presented aircraft models, but also showed how to launch them in order to
they flew.
III . Information block
"Patrons, sponsors and benefactors"
needs it. Famous Russian merchants Prokhorov, Morozov, Ryabushinsky,
The Mamontovs and others were actively involved in charity work. They gave money
for the construction of schools, hospitals, shelters, canteens, shelters:
cultural development. For example, the merchants Savva Mam ontov and Savva Morozov
patron of sciences and arts. Who was the first patron? At the end of the 1st century A.D. e. in
Ancient Rome Gaius Cylnius Maecenas lived. He supported the Virgil poets
Go walkie-talkie. Since then, everyone who finances talented people has been called patrons.
"The feat of the merchant Tretyakov"
Student 3. The Tretyakov Gallery is known all over the world. She is in Moscow.
Russian painting from Kievan Rus to the present day. This museum was created on its own
de ng the famous philanthropist Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov.
Before the revolution, the rich did not value Russian art, tried
buy and order paintings from foreigners. Many Russian artists
poor, even starving. Help national culture got real
patriots who believed in their people believed in the flowering of their culture. One of
such patriots was the Moscow merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov.
Pupil 4. Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov's friends were the best painters. But
Efimovich Repin and Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy. Tretyakov was very modest
man, he did not like to pose and expose himself. To the artist Kramskoy
managed to catch him during his illness, when Tretyakov could not resist. By-
look at the portrait of the patron (shows an illustration from the book). smart,
intelligent face, nobility, restraint - he does not look like a merchant at all,
entrepreneur. Rather, it resembles an artist or an artist.
Student 5. Even in his youth, Tretyakov set himself the goal of creating a gallery
missed a single exhibition, he bequeathed all the capital inherited from his father to
creation of this museum. “Give as much as possible to people, take as little as possible
himself" - that was his rule of life. He bought paintings with his own money
Repin, Kramskoy, Perov, Vasnetsov, Levitan, Shishkin, other Russians
artists who were not yet known to anyone, arranged exhibitions. Then he
Mikhailovich Tretyakov.
"Sponsor" of the Moscow Art Theater
Student 6. Everyone knows what the Moscow Art Theater is. This is the theater that Stanislavsky created
and Nemirovich-Danchenko wanted the theater to be accessible to the people, so that
tickets for performances were cheap. But such a theater definitely needed
sponsor, philanthropist, who would constantly give money for costumes, scenery,
artist salaries, repairs. And then a famous Moscow merchant came to the rescue
Savva Morozov.
Savva Morozov was very fond of theatrical art, constantly attended performances
different theatres. He helped some theater troupes with money. Only asked
so that this assistance is not advertised.
Pupil 7. Morozov really liked the Stanislavsky Theater. HP the idea itself
to make the theater not for the rich, but for the people. Savva Morozov became one of the founders
performances, gave large sums of money and even started the reconstruction of the building,
Mo Rozov himself observed the construction site, personally delved into all the details, he himself drank silt, painted,
scored. The latest technical devices were purchased abroad and
stage equipment. In general, Savva Morozov spent
about half a million rubles. The Stanislavsky Art Theater became famous on
the whole mi R. This is also the merit of the philanthropist Savva Morozov.
IV. interactive conversation
-Classroom teacher . Thank you guys for an interesting formation.(Referring to
What do you guys think, what made Tretyakov, Morozov, and others wealthy merchants
spend your money on charity?
Sample responses from children:
- They also wanted to be famous.
- They loved art.
- They took pity on the artists.
- They were patriots, they wanted to help Russian art.
- They just sympathized with people.
Classroom teacher . Can you please tell me if P.M. Tretyakov and
S.T. Morozov patriots?
Sample responses from children:
- Of course, you can, because they preserved Russian art.
- They were offended that Russian artists live in poverty.
- They are patriots, because they loved everything of their own, domestic.
- They are patriots because they wanted the people in Russia to live no worse than in
Classroom teacher . Indeed, they were patriots, worried about
the future of Russia. Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov and Savva Timofeevich Morozov, like
praised. He and became patrons not for the sake of their own glory, but for the sake of glory
Fatherland, for the sake of preserving national culture. Our Russian merchants who
did charity work the rule we took
epigraph for class hour (is reading proverb written on the blackboard:"God gives
wealth and will definitely ask for it account. What do you think, what "report"
did they mean?
Sample responses from children:
- A report on the money, where they spent it.
- An account of how a man obtained this wealth.
- If God gave them wealth, and they spend it on trinkets, then God will punish them
and take the wealth.
- An account of the good deeds to which the money went.
Cool guide eh. Many "new Russians" are now buying yachts,
luxury cars and mansions abroad. Do you think they can
Sample responses from children:
- They will have nothing to say, because their homeland has not become richer from their wealth.
- They have no right to show off their luxury if the country is so poor.
- They say that you can’t make a lot of money with honest work, so they will report
for dishonest.
Classroom teacher . What could they do as
charity?
Sample responses from children:
- Build a school, renovate a hospital, a stadium, a swimming pool.
Methodical development
class hour
« Money in Russia: charity and corruption»
Rostov-on-Don
Explanatory note
Benefactors are disinterested and generous people who are not indifferent to other people's suffering. All over the world, charitable foundations support the seriously ill and the poor; hospitals, educational institutions and research centers are built with the money of philanthropists. Thanks to the selfless work of benefactors, this world is becoming better and kinder. Russia has always been proud of benefactors and patrons. Fortunately, even now there are people in our country who are ready to donate their money to good deeds, to help those in need. However, in modern Russia not a single good deed can do without this very “BUT”. And this “BUT” is corruption, which we often hear about from television and the media. And since both concepts are associated with money, each should be understood.
In this regard, the relevance classroom topics"Money in Russia: Charity and Corruption" is obvious and beyond doubt.
Purpose of class
Event objectives:
– obtaining knowledge about money and its properties;
– obtaining knowledge about the concept of corruption and its origins;
Gaining knowledge about the concept of charity;
– consideration of the activities of the ten largest charitable foundations in Russia.
Didactic tasks:
-creation of a spiritual, creative atmosphere conducive to the development of the creative potential of students, as well as memory and speech-thinking activity;
- expanding the horizons of students.
Educational tasks:
– fostering responsibility for one's own health, the health of the family and society;
– education of mutual assistance, responsibility for oneself and team members;
- fostering a sense of tolerance, the ability to respect the opinions of others.
To achieve the goals during the class hour, interactive, verbal method and method problematic situation. The class is held at form group and individual work.
Location: class.
Participants of the event: students of group No. 3 specialty "Hairdressing".
Equipment: computer, projector, Handout.
Software: programs "MicrosoftOfficePowerPoint", "MicrosoftOfficeWord".
The feasibility of using a media product:
visibility;
Efficiency;
Increasing motivation for the learning process.
References:
1. The history of the formation of charity. Scientific library. – Access mode: www.f-mx.ru 2. Children on the Internet: [ Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://detionline.com/mts/exhibition. 3. Ten largest charitable foundations in Russia: [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ria.ru
Class plan:
1. Organizational stage.
2. introductory word teacher. Preparing students for work at the main stage.
3. The main part. Learning new material.
4. The stage of primary verification of understanding of what has been learned.
5. The stage of control of assimilation, discussion of the mistakes made and their correction.
6. Summing up the class hour.
7. Reflection.
Class time course:
1. Organizational stage.
On this stage The teacher encourages students to work together. The teacher introduces the children to the rules of working in groups.
Students receive handouts.
2. Introductory word of the teacher. Preparing students for work at the main stage.
Good afternoon! As part of today's class hour, you will work individually and in groups.
The theme of the class hour: "Money in Russia: Charity and Corruption." I ask you to state the purpose of the class hour.
So, today's goal extracurricular activities – formation and refinement of knowledge about the concepts of charity and corruption, the origins of development and modern trends.
Guys, before talking about such concepts as charity and corruption - answer the question, what definition connects these two concepts?
Guys, try to define the term money.
The students give their definition of the term, then the teacher highlights the slide with the correct definition and asks one of the students to read it.
Money- a means of payment for goods and services, a means of measuring value, as well as a means of storing value.
What is money for and what functions of money do you know?
Money performs the following five functions.
1. The function of money as a measure of value. Money as a universal equivalent measures the value of all goods. What makes all commodities commensurable is the socially necessary labor expended in their production.
2. The function of money as a medium of circulation.
In direct commodity exchange (goods for goods), purchase and sale coincided in time and there was no gap between them. Commodity circulation includes two independent acts separated in time and space. The role of an intermediary that allows to bridge the gap in time and space and ensure the continuity of the production process is played by money.
3. The function of money as a means of accumulation and savings. Money, providing its owner with the receipt of any product, becomes the universal embodiment of social wealth. So, people have a desire to save them.
4. The function of money as a means of payment. Money as a means of payment has a specific flow pattern (C-DO-C) that is not related to the oncoming movement of goods: goods - an urgent promissory note - money.
5. The function of world money. In the role of world money, it functions as a universal means of payment, a universal means of purchase, and a universal materialization of social wealth.
Gold acted as world money as a means of regulating the balance of payments and credit money of individual states, exchanged for gold: mainly the US dollar and the British pound sterling.
We have dealt with money and its functions. Now let us turn to the study of the concepts of charity and corruption.
The beginning of charitable activity in Russia is considered to be 988 - the date of the baptism of Rus'. With the adoption of Christianity with one of its main commandments - about love for one's neighbor - for the first time in Rus' they started talking about the charity of the poor, which then found its expression in the distribution of alms to the poor. Prince Vladimir, introducing Christianity in Rus', was deeply imbued with its provisions, addressed to the human soul. These provisions urged people to take care of their neighbor, to be merciful. Imbued with these provisions, Prince Vladimir ordered food and water to be distributed from the prince's treasury, and for those who could not reach the prince's court, alms were carried by special carts.
Grand Duke Yaroslav Vladimirovich, who ascended the throne in 1016, introduced special sections related to charity into the Church and Zemsky charters. “The brilliant and happy reign of Yaroslav left in Russia a monument worthy of a great monarch. This prince is credited with the oldest collection of our civil charters under the name of "Russian Truth". He was the first to issue laws written in the Slavic language, which did not suppose any difference between the Russians of the Varangian tribe and the Slavs.
With personal funds, he founded a school for orphans. Under Yaroslav, free medical care at monasteries became widespread. The charitable traditions of Yaroslav were continued by his sons Izyaslav and Vsevolod.
These trends in the development of public charity in Kievan Rus were interrupted, as was the whole course historical process formation Russian statehood, the Tatar-Mongol invasion, which was a severe test for its vitality. In the conditions of the collapse of the unified state system and foreign domination, the Russian Orthodox Church, which has become at the same time the only refuge for people in need of help, the poor, the elderly and the poor. The church, with its network of monasteries, which was quite widespread by that time, actually completely took over charitable functions, taking advantage of the fact that the Tatar khans, especially in the first period of domination over Russia, treated the clergy with respect, repeatedly gave letters (labels) to the Russian Metropolitans, liberated churches and monasteries from tributes and requisitions, left the care of the needy to the clergy. Thus, the church and monastery system of charity was developed and strengthened. And at the same time, from the traditions of princely poverty, as a form of princely law, gradually formed state system protection of those in need.
Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible) took a number of measures aimed at legitimizing charity within the framework of state policy. In those days, the spending of the state treasury, which was also the royal treasury, was almost entirely under the control of the ruler, and in the absence of any social policy, any spending on helping the poor could well be considered charity. Special laws were issued to help those in need. AT a short time A number of charitable institutions were established, financed both from the state treasury and from private donations. Mercy and charity became the main values of Orthodoxy: monasteries and church parishes maintained hospitals, orphanages, schools for orphans, libraries, and organized free lunches.
The first Russian tsar from the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, instructed the patriarchal order to open orphanages. In 1635, Mikhail Fedorovich donated the land of the former "wretched house" (the place where the bodies of the dead were taken with a "bad death", that is, without repentance), for the new Intercession Monastery. Later, under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, special orders were created to care for the poor.
On the eve of Christmas and Easter, in commemoration of military victories or the birth of heirs, the king with his retinue visited prisons and almshouses, where he distributed alms. The tsar's example was followed by those close to him, the clergy, and noble citizens. Aleksei Mikhailovich did not do charity work occasionally: in royal palace pilgrims, holy fools, wanderers constantly lived on full provision.
In 1682, during the reign of Fyodor Alekseevich, a decree was issued on the opening of houses for homeless children, where they taught literacy, craft, and sciences. In the same year, two almshouses were opened in Moscow, and by the end of the century there were already ten of them in the capital.
A lot of attention to the construction of hospitals, almshouses, different kind shelters were given by the great reformer of Russia, Peter I. In 1706, Metropolitan Job, not far from Veliky Novgorod, established a shelter for illegitimate children. Peter approved this undertaking and allocated income from several monastic estates for the maintenance of the shelter. Soon, shelters for illegitimate children were opened in other cities of Russia.
Private philanthropy developed especially widely in the second half of the 19th century. By the 1890s, 75% of funds spent on charitable causes came from private donations. Initially, the main donors and patrons were representatives of aristocratic families. So, Prince D.M. Golitsyn financed the construction of a hospital in Moscow, Count N.P. Sheremetev built the Hospice House at his own expense. By the end of the XIX century. social assistance in Russia was distinguished by a variety of forms and levels: urban charitable societies, rural communities, and zemstvos were engaged in public charity. Charity societies for peasants and nursery shelters were opened in the villages. In the cities, a system of guardianship of the poor was established. Within the framework of city government, special committees were created. Charity has become such a large-scale social phenomenon that in 1892 a special commission was created, which was in charge of the legislative, financial and even class aspects of charity. At the end of the century, among wealthy industrialists and wealthy merchants, it becomes fashionable to invest in the development of culture and art. Museums, libraries, schools, art galleries, exhibitions - this is the range of charitable activities of Russian patrons, whose names have forever entered the history of Russia: the Tretyakovs, Mamontovs, Bakhrushins, Morozovs, Prokhorovs, Shchukins, Naydenovs, Botkins and many others.
The tradition of Russian charity was broken by the revolution of 1917. The ideology of the first revolution did not allow any form of charity. All funds of public and private charitable organizations were nationalized in a short time, their property was transferred to the state, and the organizations themselves were abolished by special decrees. In order to comply with the “revolutionary order”, any private (as well as public) charitable activities were suppressed.
Then the state again completely assumed the functions of charity, but collective work for the benefit of society (common forms - subbotnik, collection of waste paper and scrap metal, the movement of Timurov schoolchildren, assistance to pensioners) was welcomed.
Analyzing the history of the development of charity, we can conclude that as social phenomenon she went through a rather difficult and long way of becoming in society. We traced how the forms of charitable activity changed from spontaneous individual to organized public. Of course, such rich historical experience influences the development of charity in modern society.
Guys, let's try to formulate a definition of the concept of charity?
Students express their points of view.
Charity- Providing assistance (gratuitous or on preferential terms) to those who need it. The main feature of charity is the voluntary choice of the type, time and place, as well as the content of assistance.
Tell the guys, have you participated in any charity events or projects?
The students answer the question.
Quite often in newspapers and magazines, on radio and television we hear about charitable foundations and projects. What are the largest charitable foundations you know of and what do they do?
Students express their points of view.
Ten largest charitable foundations in Russia.
Charitable Foundation "Art, Science and Sport" founded by Russian entrepreneur Alisher Usmanov in 2005. The Foundation specializes in helping sick children, supporting sports organizations, as well as theaters and museums. This year, the fund spent about 13.75 billion rubles on the implementation of various projects. Funding sources are Usmanov's personal funds, as well as money allocated by companies controlled by him.
Charitable Foundation "Systema" was established in 2003 for the charitable activities of the corporation of the same name and its subsidiaries. The main areas of activity of the foundation include science, culture and art, sports and social development. Every year, the fund spends about three billion rubles to support more than 50 projects. The fund receives funds from commercial organizations, as well as from individuals.
Russian fund assistance (Rusfond) established in 1996 by the publishing house "Kommersant" to support those in need of help readers of the Kommersant newspaper. The founder and head of Rusfond is journalist Lev Ambinder. During the first half of this year, the fund managed to raise almost 607 million rubles, last year - more than 1.7 billion. Rusfond specializes in helping seriously ill children, promoting the development of civil society, and introducing high medical technologies. Funding sources - individuals and organizations.
Fund "Volnoe delo" founded by Russian businessman Oleg Deripaska in 1998. The Foundation is engaged in supporting projects in the field of science, education, culture, territorial development, healthcare and animal protection. In 2014, more than 441.7 million rubles were allocated for the fund's projects. According to Expert magazine, the fund is financed from the personal funds of Oleg Deripaska and deductions from the Basic Element group of companies.
Charitable Foundation of Mikhail Prokhorov, which became the first charitable organization in Russia with a regional work strategy, was founded by businessman Mikhail Prokhorov in 2004. The main goal is the systemic support of culture in the Russian regions. For 10 years of work, the fund's budget has exceeded two billion rubles. There is no exact information on sources of funding.
Elena and Gennady Timchenko Charitable Foundation established in 2010. The main activity of the foundation is the implementation of programs: "Older Generation", "Family and Children", "Sport", "Culture". For the first three years of operation, the fund's budget amounted to $330.2 million. The main source of funding for the fund is the personal funds of the Timchenko Family
Fund "Give Life" founded in 2006 by actresses Chulpan Khamatova and Dina Korzun. The scope of the fund is to help sick children. In 2015, the fund raised more than 326 million rubles. Sources of funding - Russian, international and foreign organizations, individuals in Russia and abroad, as well as "stateless persons".
Charitable Children's Fund "Victoria" founded in 2004 by Nikolai Tsvetkov, president of the Uralsib corporation. The Foundation specializes in helping children left without parental care and who find themselves in difficult life situation. Expenses for charitable programs in 2013 amounted to more than 184 million rubles. There are no more recent data. According to the data for 2013, the sources of financing are also personal funds of Nikolai Tsvetkov, income from endowment, fundraising, funds of Uralsib Bank.
Charitable Foundation of Vladimir Potanin founded by entrepreneur Vladimir Potanin in 1999. The fund's area of activity is culture and education. The fund's budget is more than 300 million rubles a year. The fund is financed personally by Vladimir Potanin.
Charitable Foundation "Line of Life" created in 2004. The scope of activity is to help seriously ill children, as well as the formation of a culture of charity in society. In total, the fund collected more than 1.7 billion rubles for operations on sick children. Funding sources - funds allocated by individuals, donations from Russian and foreign companies.
Now let's turn to the consideration of a negative phenomenon - corruption.
According to the surviving records of the chroniclers, bribes appeared as early as Ancient Rus', and immediately began to resolutely fight them. So, Metropolitan Kirill condemned bribery along with drunkenness and witchcraft, for which he insisted on punishing accordingly, that is, the death penalty (according to the records in Russkaya Pravda - “If the wife is a greengrocer, a sorceress, a prisoner, she should be executed”). The very first "anti-corruption legislation" in Russia was adopted in the reign of Ivan III. And his grandson Ivan IV the Terrible issued a decree, according to which presumptuous officials were to be immediately executed.
In the legal terminology of the 18th century, bribes were called "promises" (breaking the law for some fee). For them, the perpetrators were subjected to corporal punishment. For example, in 1654, Prince Alexei Kropotkin and clerk Ivan Semyonov were whipped for extortion, taking money and a barrel of wine from merchants for a promise not to send them to Moscow, where they were to be resettled by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
Under Peter I, bribe-takers were beaten with batogs, branded, exiled. However, their thirst for profit was ineradicable. According to contemporaries, Peter even threatened to issue a decree according to which anyone who steals money from the state, which can be used to buy a rope, will be hanged. However, fearing to be completely without subjects (after all, at that time all civil servants were already stealing, right up to Prosecutor General Yaguzhinsky), Peter did not issue such a decree, limiting himself to the order to hang only large bribe-takers.
The real fight against bribery began under Catherine II.
Catherine understood that words alone could not help the cause, and she had to act more decisively than her predecessors on the Russian throne, otherwise the country would be completely plundered. She again appointed officials salaries, but this time they were paid on time and were much higher than under Peter.
However, the greed of officials was stronger than the arguments of reason. So, when Catherine II was informed about the results of checks in the courts of the Belgorod province, she was so outraged by them that she issued a special decree to rebuke the corrupt judges: “It was repeatedly repeated to the people by printed decrees that bribes and bribery corrupt justice and oppress the needy. This vice, rooted in the people, even at our accession to the throne, forced us ... to announce to the people our obscene exhortation, so that those who are still infected with this passion, administering judgment as the work of God, refrain from such evil, and in their case crimes and for that our exhortation would no longer expect our pardon. But, to our excessive regret, it was revealed that even now there were those who took bribes to the oppression of many and to the detriment of our interests, and what is most of all, being themselves in charge and obliged to represent a model of keeping laws to their subordinates, those same criminals committed themselves in brought the same evil.
Under Paul I, the situation only worsened. Paper money (banknotes), which paid salaries to officials, began to depreciate, and employees again turned to the eternal source of their income - bribes. And diligently drew from it.
In the 19th century, corruption actually turned into a mechanism government controlled. It became especially tough under Nicholas I. Thus, it is known for certain that the landowners of all provinces Right-Bank Ukraine annually collected a considerable amount for the police.
Corruption began to flourish again under the NEP, when it re-emerged entrepreneurial activity. At the same time, bribery began to be considered a form of counter-revolutionary activity, and counter-revolutionaries, as you know, were put up against the wall.
Later, by the end of the 1920s, the fight against corruption takes on the character of mass punitive campaigns.
And with the beginning of collectivization in 1929, bribery spread in the countryside.
Since corruption was considered a bourgeois relic, it was customary in the USSR to say that as socialism was built, this phenomenon “in our young state” gradually disappears. “Bribery,” was written in a brochure published in 1957 to help lawyers, “in modern Soviet conditions has become relatively a rare occurrence».
Guys, let's try to formulate a definition of the concept of corruption?
Students express their points of view.
Corruption- a term that usually denotes the use by an official of his powers and rights entrusted to him, as well as the authority, opportunities, connections associated with this official status for personal gain ...
I would like to recall the words of Dmitry Medvedev: “Corruption should not just be illegal. She must become indecent."
You have handouts on the tables. Let's examine some of the provisions of the UN Convention against Corruption.
Corruption is a global problem that has engulfed the whole world, worries everyone from top to bottom. Not in vain, the International Anti-Corruption Day was declared by the UN on December 9, the day of the opening of the signing of the UN Convention against Corruption (it was first celebrated on December 9, 2004). Then a world conference dedicated to the signing of the UN Convention against Corruption opened in Mexico.
Within three days, this new international document was signed by representatives of 100 states of the world. The Convention against Corruption was approved by the UN General Assembly on October 31, 2003.
The purpose of the Convention is to prevent and eradicate corruption. The UN believes that it undermines economic development, weakens democratic institutions and the rule of law, disrupts public order and destroys public confidence, thereby allowing organized crime, terrorism and other threats to human security to flourish.
Corruption has reached the lowest strata of society. Even the "bottom of society" solves its problems in a monetary way. Is this really a way for the survival of an official and a downtrodden bum? Who is to blame for all this connivance?
The worst thing will happen to the current generation, which is under the auspices of their parents. It basically repeats adults. And someday he will grow up .... Not everyone will be able to solve their problems with the help of money. Today, before it is too late, it is necessary to influence the mind of the child, to help make a choice in their actions, to understand: there is still something beautiful, good, eternal in the world. This is mutual assistance, friendship, mercy.
On February 1, 2007, Russia officially joined the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO). On May 7, 2009, our country signed an additional protocol to the Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption. Without mass awareness by citizens of the colossal harm of corruption, serious positive changes cannot occur.
Now I ask you to split into two teams and complete the tasks.
The teacher divides the students into two teams and explains the task to be completed. Problem situations are highlighted on the board, for which the students of each team offer their own solutions, based on the information received during the lesson.
Team 1 - “Suggest your own ways to fight corruption”
Team 2 - “You have the opportunity to open a charitable foundation. What area or area will he be devoted to and to whom can he help?
Students prepare for a presentation and then present their project.
It should be noted that money is an integral part of human life, which means that such concepts as corruption and charity will be closely related to money.
Guys, please tell me the purpose of today's class hour? Has the goal been achieved? Thank you all for your work. See you again.
2018 announced in Russian Federation The year of the volunteer (volunteer), it will be the year of "all citizens of the country, whose will, energy, generosity is the main strength of Russia."
Thematic lesson (class hour) "Charity, volunteering, volunteering" introduces students to the history of the emergence of volunteering in Russia, with such concepts as volunteerism and charity, with activities Russian Society Red Cross (ROKK).
Session option [PDF ] [DOCX ]
Presentation [PDF] [PPTX]
Tasks for students (worksheet) [PDF] [DOCX]
Goals: formation of an active citizenship, readiness for socially useful activities on the basis of volunteerism, as well as an indifferent attitude towards people in need of help, participation in the activities of public associations.
Tasks:
- educate students' interest in socially significant social activities, caring attitude towards those in need of help;
- to systematize the knowledge of students about volunteers (volunteers);
- motivate students to volunteer.
Exercise 1.
Answer the crossword questions on the worksheet.
In accordance with the answers received, formulate the topic of the class hour.
class theme "Charity, Volunteering, Volunteering".
Task 2.
Analyze the definitions of the words: "volunteering", "charity", "volunteering" and answer the questions.
What are the similarities between these activities? What are their specifics?
Task 3.
Explain the meaning of the statement of Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky, academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences on Russian history and antiquities.
Task 4.
Read the text. Explain the meaning of the words:
"House of Charity"
"almshouse",
"weird houses".
Task 5.
Check out the text. Complete the task, answer the question.
What has changed in charitable activities compared to the previous period (see task 4).
Justify your answer.
Task 6.
6.1. Fill in the missing words in the text using the suggestions.
Words: doctors, mercy, Alexander II, Geneva, donations, Russian-Japanese.
6.2. Why do you think hospital trains became widespread in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Compare the number of hospital trains in the two wars mentioned in the text.
6.3. Can we characterize the activities of the Russian Red Cross Society as volunteer?
Task 7.
Read the text. Complete the task, answer the questions.
7.1. Choose from the words on the slide those that correspond to your understanding of volunteering. Explain your choice.
7.2 Why do people become volunteers? What is the meaning of the concept of "volunteering" today? What new forms of volunteering have emerged today?
God gives wealth for use and will require an account of it.
Proverb
In recent years, the life of our “new Russians” has been covered in the media with special gusto. Buying yachts, football teams, mansions and jewelry - this is served as a standard of behavior, as a symbol of success in life. Modern youth is inspired by the idea that the main thing in this life is pleasure, and money is only a means of satisfying desires. Meanwhile, the Russian Orthodox tradition is characterized by a completely different attitude towards money and wealth. The richest Russian merchants, entrepreneurs of the XIX century. believed that money is a responsibility to the people, so many of them were philanthropists and were involved in charity work. The proposed classroom scenario introduces children to the names of the most famous Russian patrons P.M. Tretyakov and ST. Morozov. During the conversation classroom teacher helps children understand the motives of their charitable activities - Orthodox ethics and patriotism. A class hour on this topic would be appropriate to spend on Christmas days. This is the time of charity, showing mercy, sincere attention to everyone who needs our participation, help and care.
Goals: to expand children's understanding of what charity, patronage is; to acquaint with the activities of P.M. Tretyakova, S.T. Morozov; to form a positive moral assessment of such human qualities as mercy, empathy, sympathy; contribute to the education of kindness, sincerity; encourage children to participate in charity events.
Preparatory work: instruct creative team(7 children) to prepare an information block of the class hour.
Equipment: portraits of P.M. Tretyakova, S.T. Morozov, photograph of the Tretyakov Gallery building, reproductions of paintings from the Tretyakov collection, photograph of the Moscow Art Theater building.
Decor: write down the topic of the class hour, the epigraph on the board.
class plan
I. Problematic situation "How Dimka became a philanthropist."
II. Discussion of the situation.
III. Information block.
1. Patrons, sponsors and benefactors.
2. The feat of the merchant Tretyakov.
3. "Sponsor" of the Moscow Art Theater.
IV. Interactive conversation.
V. Modern Timurs.
VI. Summarizing.
Class hour progress
I. Problematic situation "How Dimka became a patron of art"
Classroom teacher. Guys, look at the blackboard. The theme of our class hour is written on the blackboard - "Do Good." Three more words are written below - sponsor, philanthropist and philanthropist. Now we will talk about the meaning of these words. Listen to a little story, please. It was told to me by the mother of a seventh grader. Her son Dima is fond of aircraft modeling.
Literally every week Dima glues a new aircraft model. These models are everywhere in his room: on the closet, on the shelves, on the table, under the bed. Mom tried to slowly throw away these products, but Dimka somehow always noticed this and made scandals after the disappearance of the next fighter. Then the mother invited her son to do a good deed. She said that these aircraft models could be given to the neighboring twins Sasha and Seryozha. In their large family, children are not spoiled with toys, and if Dimka brings them such a number of excellent models, the kids will have a real holiday. This idea inspired the boy so much that he immediately rushed to collect a gift for the neighbor's children. I found a large box, neatly placed all my models in it and, being generous, poured my children's cars into it. He closed the box and went to the yard, where Sashka and Seryozhka were lonely digging in the sandbox. Mom saw from the balcony how Dimka put a huge box in front of the children, how the kids timidly looked into it, not daring to touch such wealth. Mom moved away from the window when she saw that Dima was about to launch his biggest plane. Already from the kitchen, she heard happy children's laughter in the yard and realized that the tests of the liner were successful.
Dimka returned home happy and tired, like Santa Claus after the twenty-fifth Christmas tree. He immediately called his girlfriend Natasha and solemnly announced: "Congratulate me, I became a patron of the arts." But Natasha, having heard his story, did not agree with him.
II. Discussion of the situation
Classroom teacher. What do you guys think, why did Natasha not agree to call Dimka a philanthropist?
Sample responses from children:
She envied.
She did not believe that he was capable of such a thing.
She did not know who the patron was.
She wanted Dimka to give all the airplanes to her.
Classroom teacher. Maybe it was necessary to call Dima the sponsor of the kids? (No, you can’t call him that. The sponsor gives money, provides financial assistance, and Dima gave toys.)
How can you call Dima's act? (The best way to define Dima's act is the word "charity".)
The word "charity" has two roots: "good" and "create". What good deed did Dima do?
Sample responses from children:
He shared his toys, gave away what he held dear.
He gave joy to the kids.
Made a surprise, arranged a holiday for the poor children.
He not only presented models of aircraft, but also showed how to launch them so that they fly.
III. Information block
1. Patrons, sponsors and benefactors
Student 1. Charity is the provision of assistance in the form of donations to those who need it. The famous Russian merchants Prokhorov, Morozov, Ryabushinsky, Mamontov and others were actively involved in charity work. They gave money for the construction of schools, hospitals, shelters, canteens, shelters.
Student 2. Patrons are philanthropists who donate money for the development of culture. For example, the merchants Savva Mamontov and Savva Morozov supported Russian artists, artists, and musicians. A philanthropist is a rich patron of sciences and arts. Who was the first patron? At the end of the 1st century n. e. Gaius Cylnius the Maecenas lived in Ancient Rome. He supported the poets Virgil and Horace. Since then, everyone who finances talented people has been called patrons.
2. The feat of the merchant Tretyakov
Student 3. The Tretyakov Gallery is known all over the world. She is in Moscow. This is a world-famous art museum, which contains masterpieces of Russian painting from Kievan Rus to the present day. The famous philanthropist Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov collected the painting collection with his own money.
Before the revolution, the rich did not value Russian art very highly, they tried to buy and order paintings from foreigners. Many Russian artists were poor, even starving. Real patriots, who believed in their people, believed in the flourishing of their culture, undertook to help the national culture. One of these patriots was the Moscow merchant Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov.
Pupil 4. Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov's friends were the best painters. But only two of them managed to make a lifetime portrait of the patron. These are Ilya Efimovich Repin and Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy. Tretyakov was a very modest person, he did not like to pose and expose himself. The artist Kramskoy managed to catch him during his illness, when Tretyakov could not resist. Look at the portrait of the patron (shows an illustration from the book). A smart, intelligent face, nobility, restraint - he does not at all look like a merchant, an entrepreneur. Rather, it resembles an artist or an artist.
Pupil 5. Even in his youth, Tretyakov set himself the goal of creating a gallery of Russian art. For half a century he went to this goal. He did not miss a single exhibition, he bequeathed all the capital that he inherited from his father to the creation of this museum. “Give as much as possible to people, take as little as possible yourself” - this was his life rule. He bought with his own money paintings by Repin, Kramskoy, Perov, Vasnetsov, Levitan, Shishkin, and other Russian artists who were still unknown to anyone, arranged exhibitions. Then he donated his gallery to Moscow. The creation of the gallery is a real feat of Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov.
3. "Sponsor" of the Moscow Art Theater
student b. Everyone knows what the MHT is. This is a theater created by Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko. In this theater, A.P. staged his plays. Chekhov. Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko wanted the theater to be accessible to the people, so that tickets for performances were cheap. But such a theater definitely needed a sponsor, a philanthropist who would constantly give money for costumes, scenery, salaries for artists, and repairs. And then the famous Moscow merchant Savva Morozov came to the rescue.
Savva Morozov was very fond of theatrical art, he constantly attended performances of various theaters. He helped some theater troupes with money. I only asked that this assistance not be advertised.
Pupil 7. Morozov really liked the Stanislavsky Theater. I liked the very idea of making the theater not for the rich, but for the people. And Savva Morozov became one of the founders of this theater. He literally lived for them: he came to all rehearsals and performances, gave large sums of money and even started rebuilding the building. Morozov himself watched the construction site, personally delved into all the details, he sawed, painted, hammered. The latest technical devices and equipment for the stage were purchased abroad. In general, Savva Morozov spent about half a million rubles on the Art Theater. The Stanislavsky Art Theater became famous all over the world. This is also the merit of the philanthropist Savva Morozov.
IV. interactive conversation
Classroom teacher. Thanks guys for the interesting info. (Turns to class.)
What do you guys think, what made Tretyakov, Morozov, other rich merchants spend their money on charity?
Sample responses from children:
They also wanted to be famous.
They loved art.
They took pity on the artists.
They were patriots, they wanted to help Russian art.
They just sympathized with people.
Classroom teacher. Can you please tell me if P.M. Tretyakov and S.T. Morozov patriots?
Sample responses from children:
Of course, you can, because they preserved Russian art.
Yes, because they were offended that Russian artists live in poverty.
They are patriots, because they loved everything of their own, domestic.
They are patriots because they wanted the people in Russia to live no worse than in Europe.
Classroom teacher. Indeed, they were patriots, worried about the future of Russia. Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, Savva Timofeevich Morozov, like other Russian patrons of the arts, did not advertise themselves, did not like to be praised, extolled. They became patrons not for the sake of their own glory, but for the glory of the Fatherland, for the sake of preserving the national culture. Our Russian merchants who were engaged in charity were guided in their lives by the proverb, which we took as an epigraph for the class hour: "God gives wealth and will certainly ask for an account for it." What do you think the report is?
Sample responses from children:
A report on the money, where they spent it.
An account of how a man obtained this wealth.
If God gave them wealth, and they spend it on trinkets, then God will punish them and take away the wealth.
An account of the good deeds to which the money went.
Classroom teacher. Many "new Russians" are now buying yachts, luxury cars and mansions abroad. Do you think they will be able to account to God for their wealth?
Sample responses from children:
They will have nothing to say, because their homeland has not become richer from their wealth.
They have no right to show off their luxury if the country is so poor.
They say that you can’t make a lot of money with honest work, so they will account for dishonestly acquired capital.
Classroom teacher. And what could they do as a charity?
Sample responses from children:
Build a school, renovate a hospital, a stadium, a swimming pool.
Give money for the development of science.
Help talented youth.
Give money to the patient for a complex, expensive operation.
V. Modern Timurs
Classroom teacher. After the war, all the boys and girls dreamed of being like Timur, the hero of Arkady Gaidar's story "Timur and his team." Pioneer Timur was noble, courageous, courageous and strong. He assembled a team of guys and girls who defended the weak, helped the families of front-line soldiers, and did many good and useful deeds. At the same time, the Timurovites kept secrecy so that no one would guess about their good deeds. On the gates of those houses that they took under their protection, they drew a five-pointed star.
Guys, you all know that a bright and joyful holiday is approaching - Christmas. Christmas days are a time for charity, showing mercy, sincere attention to everyone who needs our participation, help and care. Let's think about what we can do for other people. Where can we find addresses for charity?
Sample responses from children:
You can donate your toys and children's books to children from large families.
You can buy groceries for the old lady next door.
You can tidy up your yard, sports ground.
You can stand up for the weak, whom everyone offends.
Classroom teacher. Approaching winter vacation. In these holidays you will have a lot of entertainment, gifts. And someone these days will be deprived of even the most necessary. Look around you and you will definitely see those who need help. These people live near you, in your houses and yards. Help them in any way you can: with a deed, a kind word, a treat, and this holiday will become even more joyful for you.
VI. Summarizing
Classroom teacher. What interesting things did you learn today? Maybe something made you think?
Sample responses from children:
I learned who sponsors, patrons, philanthropists are.