Algorithm for using surveillance systems apk safe city. Report by Sergey Alekseev
The need to use an open source operating system (OS) (Linux, etc.)
The source code of such programs is available for viewing, studying and modifying, which allows the user to control the operation of the program, take part in the finalization of the most open program, use the code to create new programs and correct errors in them. The open source operating system makes it impossible to install spyware and eavesdropping, and eliminates the possibility of information leakage. The difference of such an operating system is that the open source code excludes the presence of bookmarks.
OS with closed source codes (foreign manufacturers like Windows, MS-Office, Android, iOS, etc.) automatically implies the possibility of remote data management or removal of some information, making the system unprotected and vulnerable on the part of the owners of the source code.
Use of open protocols for data exchange between devices and software products.
This allows you to integrate software and equipment from different manufacturers into a single hardware and software complex. Otherwise, it is impossible to combine disparate devices and subsystems into a single HSC.
Visualization of the state of objects and territories in 3D GIS execution with binding of all components of the monitoring system (cameras, sensors, devices, etc.) to geographic coordinates and time.
This allows you to monitor objects located at different levels from the ground, including underground (communications, tunnels, metro), receiving an image familiar to the human eye on the screen, causing the display of the desired point in the area or room without selecting cameras aimed at the required point , but by a simple click-order on a point of the map-scheme, according to which images of all cameras are displayed on the screen, in whose coverage area the place of interest is located. PTZ cameras, in this case, automatically turn in the right direction (to the specified coordinates). In turn, in the event of a critical situation or an alarming event, the natural perception of the situation accelerates and ensures adequate decision-making and its correct implementation.
Linking all components of the security system on the 3D plan of the facility with a reflection of their functional state increases the efficiency of eliminating possible technical deviations in the operation of the system.
Encryption of transmitted data to the degree of object secrecy
The use of an electronic signature (ES) to ensure authorized access to information
The electronic signature identifies the owner of the ES certificate, and also protects against unauthorized changes to the information in the electronic document. The use of ES in security systems provides reliable protection against unauthorized access, personal responsibility for the transmitted information and its distortion (disinformation).
Polycentric construction of the security system
That is, the transfer of information is not carried out to a single center, where it is processed and further transferred to the user, but is analyzed and processed, and also stored locally at objects (distributed centers) and transmits events simultaneously to all users in accordance with their access rights through any information transfer channels. Disruption of the operation of a part of the system or its individual channels does not lead to loss of information and loss of performance of the entire system, which ensures its stability and reliability of life.
The use of domestic "software" in the creation of the agro-industrial complex " safe city»
"Integra-S" and "CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, INFORMATICS AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS" conduct joint activities in the field of creating a unified integration platform for the security of State facilities. This project is unique and has no analogues, it is a completely domestic development, in which both Russian software - "Integra 4D-Planet Earth" and the Russian operating system - "Zarya" are combined.
Protected OS "Zarya" is a domestic certified Linux distribution and is designed to manage workstations built using a modern high-performance 64-bit architecture in automated systems special purpose in a secure design, operating as part of data processing centers or separate software and hardware systems. Zarya OS is also used to create workstations for various purposes, designed to work with information constituting a state secret, commercial and personal data.
"Integra 4D-Planet Earth" allows you to provide effective integrated protection and control by integrating security subsystems into a single whole:
Result
- Reducing the number of crimes committed on the streets and in other public places and increasing their detection.
- Ensuring constant monitoring of the operational situation in places with a massive presence of people.
- Increasing the responsiveness to citizens' messages.
- Prevention of crimes and increasing the level of protection of objects of special importance.
- Improvement of the traffic situation, reduction in the number of accidents and related consequences, intensification of work to search for stolen vehicles and persons who committed them, replenishment of the budget revenues.
- Strengthening the protection of all forms of ownership, ensuring public order in the residential sector.
- Strengthening the anti-terrorist protection of transport infrastructure facilities, ensuring public order during the movement of crisis groups (sports fans, extremist youth and other groups, etc.).
- Increasing the investment attractiveness of the region.
The customer of works on construction (development) of the AIC "Safe City" can be determined:
a state body (including a state authority), or a state treasury institution acting on behalf of the subject Russian Federation authorized to accept budgetary obligations in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation on behalf of the subject of the Russian Federation and making purchases;
a municipal body or a municipal public institution acting on behalf of the municipality, authorized to accept budgetary obligations in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation on behalf of the municipality and making purchases.
The customer is obliged:
develop, agree and approve established order terms of reference for the design of the APK "Safe City";
determine the design organization (Contractor) for the construction (development) of the APK "Safe City" in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law of February 5, 2013 N 44-FZ "On contract systems in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs ".
The general criteria for the competitive selection of a design organization that performs a set of works on the survey of information and telecommunications infrastructure, the development of project documentation, special software and information support for the Safe City APK are:
contract price;
qualitative, functional characteristics of project documentation;
qualifications of the participant in the competitive selection, including the availability of financial resources, on the right of ownership or other legal basis of equipment and other material resources, work experience related to the subject of the contract, and business reputation, specialists and other employees of a certain level of qualification.
In the tender documentation, the customer is obliged to indicate the criteria used in determining the contractor for the design of the AIC "Safe City" and their significance values. At the same time, the proposed price of the contract should not become the dominant indicator when choosing a designer, and the main criterion should be an assessment of his qualifications and the declared quality of work.
The sum of the significance values of all criteria provided for by the tender documentation must be one hundred percent.
In order to carry out work on the design of the APK "Safe City" at a high scientific and technical level, it is proposed to apply the following values of the significance of the criteria for evaluating the applications of procurement participants:
contract price - 30;
qualitative, functional characteristics of project documentation - 35;
qualification of procurement participants, including the availability of financial resources, on the right of ownership or other legal basis of equipment and other material resources, work experience related to the subject of the contract, and business reputation, specialists and other employees of a certain level of qualification - 35.
5.2. The procedure for assessing the capabilities of existing software and hardware in the field of ensuring public safety, law and order and environmental safety
Assessment of the capabilities of existing security systems, life support, software and hardware in the field of ensuring public safety, law and order and safety of the environment for each municipality in which the creation of the Safe City AIC is expected is carried out on the basis of a primary analysis. The procedure for its implementation is specified in Appendix N 3.
Municipal formations submit the collected information in accordance with the established procedure to the IWG of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation.
Based on the results of the analysis of the collected data, the IWG concludes that it is expedient to include a set of automation tools for existing automated security and life support systems into the Safe City APK, as well as a general conclusion about the achieved degree of satisfaction of the functional requirements for the Safe City APK.
The head of the IWG presents the results of the analysis of the collected data for the subject of the Russian Federation to the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
For automated processing of the collected data and accounting for ongoing work on the creation of the AIC "Safe City" in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, an information and analytical complex is being created in the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
5.3. Approaches to the development and coordination with the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia of the Terms of Reference for the creation of the AIC "Safe City", including its target architecture
Design and estimate documentation for the creation of the APK "Safe City" is developed in accordance with the requirements:
Terms of Reference for the creation of the APK "Safe City";
Fire alarm systems
Emergency call and alarm systems (such as the "SOS" button in the subway)
Search and navigation systems (GLONASS/GPS)
Housing and communal services monitoring system
Environmental monitoring systems
A specific list of AS is specified at the design stage of the APK "Safe City".
In the pilot zone of the AIC "Safe City" all automated systems from the above list existing on the territory of the municipality should be integrated, but the warning and information systems, system-112, monitoring systems must be in full.
The TK agreed with the territorial authority of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia is approved by the head of the subject of the Russian Federation (local government) and sent for approval to the Council of Chief Designers of the automated information and control system of the unified state system for preventing and eliminating emergencies based on the resource National Center management in crisis situations (hereinafter - SGK AIUS RSChS).
The terms of reference for the creation of the APK "Safe City" is the main document that defines the requirements for the system in accordance with which work is carried out on its creation and acceptance into operation.
The terms of reference for the creation of the AIC "Safe City" is developed by the authorized executive body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local self-government and is coordinated with the territorial management body of the Russian Emergencies Ministry, FGBU VNII GOChS (FC) of the Emergencies Ministry of Russia.
When developing the TOR for the creation of the AIC "Safe City", the state and features of the construction and functioning of existing security systems, the life of the population, including RASCSO, KSEA, GLONASS, SMIS, system-112, etc. in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, municipality, should be taken into account.
5.4. Standard regulations for interaction within the framework of the AIC "Safe City" of the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local governments, state, municipal and private organizations
Regulations of interaction within the framework of the APK "Safe City" of the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local authorities, state, municipal and private organizations are intended to determine general scheme and the procedure for information exchange using complexes of automation tools for federal, regional, municipal and facility automated systems, jointly problem-solving to ensure public safety, law and order and the safety of the environment on the territory of the municipality.
Regulations should be developed in each municipality in which further development(creation) APK "Safe City". The regulation is put into effect by agreeing and signing an agreement on the exchange of information within the framework of the APK "Safe City" of state authorities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations (in accordance with Federal Law No. 149-FZ of July 27, 2006, Article 10, paragraph 4), to which the relevant regulation should be an annex.
The normative basis for the development of the rules of interaction is mainly departmental regulations that determine the procedure for receiving, processing and transmitting information.
Information exchange within the framework of the AIC "Safe City" between the executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, local governments, state, municipal and private organizations will be carried out through their subordinate duty and dispatch services using the appropriate complexes of automation equipment (KSA).
The center for collecting, processing and presenting information in the AIC "Safe City" will be the KSA EDDS of the municipality.
Regulations of interaction within the framework of the APK "Safe City" should contain following structure:
1. Basic terms, abbreviations and definitions;
3. The order of work of the EDDS and its informational interaction with the governing bodies and organizations;
4. The composition of the information received in EDDS and transmitted from EDDS;
5. Responsibility for failure to comply with the regulations.
The list of received and transmitted information is determined based on the need to prepare comprehensive interdepartmental measures to protect the population and territories from natural, man-made, criminal and terrorist threats using a geographic information system and various calculation tasks for assessing the consequences of emergency situations and preparing management decisions for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations .
To receive and transmit information, formalized messages should be used and, in the future, the exchange should be carried out within the framework of a distributed database of all interacting structures.
The EDDS should also receive information from people about the threat or fact of incidents received through the 112 system. Reception from automated monitoring systems should be provided for the state of: potentially dangerous, unique and technically complex objects, natural emergencies; housing and communal services systems; highways, etc.
As part of interaction with federal structures, the necessary space and aerial images should be received. The information received by the KSA EDDS from various sources is processed and summarized, and then, in accordance with the rules of interaction, it is transmitted in an agreed form and volume to the KSA of the governing bodies and organizations interacting with the EDDS to meet their information needs.
The specific composition of the information provided to each of the governing bodies and organizations interacting with the EDDS for the purpose of information and analytical support for its management activities is determined by the relevant section of the regulation.
The local self-government body authorized to solve the tasks of building and developing the AIC "Safe City" prepares a generalized regulation of interaction and coordinates it with all interacting within the framework of the AIC "Safe City" structures. After agreement, the regulations are approved by the deputy head of the municipality or the deputy head of the local administration, who is responsible for the overall management of the activities for the construction and development of the AIC "Safe City" on the territory of the municipality.
Category: .
The "Safe City" project is a complex of software and technological tools that provides for the use of video-analytical solutions that contribute to the rapid identification and prompt response to various kinds of dangerous incidents.
Also, thanks to the "Safe City" concept, various services will be able to take timely measures for early response, identification and elimination of the consequences of most emergency situations. The Safe City project is based on the introduction artificial intelligence(hereinafter referred to as AI) into various security structures. Thus, the implementation process of the "Safe City" includes the use of AI in various environments, ranging from video surveillance tools that can detect security breaches in a timely and automatic manner to remote control technology. various types technical means.
The purpose of building and developing the hardware-software complex "Safe City" is to increase the overall level of public safety, law and order and the safety of the environment by significantly improving the coordination of the activities of the forces and services responsible for solving these problems, by introducing on the basis of the region, city / district ( in accordance with uniform functional and technological standards) of an integrated information system that provides forecasting, monitoring, warning and elimination possible threats, as well as control over the elimination of the consequences of emergencies and offenses with the integration, under its control, of the actions of information and control subsystems on duty, dispatching for their operational interaction.
The effective work of public authorities in the course of the implementation of the Safe City project requires the availability of up-to-date comprehensive intersectoral information on the territory of management. The solution to this problem is geographic information systems. The geographic information system provides the possibility of forecasting and modeling the development of an emergency with local reference, analysis of the consequences and ways to prevent an emergency. The functionality of GIS allows you to solve a variety of tasks - from the analysis of such global problems as natural disasters, to solving particular problems, such as finding a house at its address or planning the laying of a pipeline on the ground.
The main tasks in the construction and development of the Safe City complex are:
- formation of a universal communication platform in order to eliminate risks in ensuring public safety, law and order and security based on the interaction of services that ensure the safety of the population;
- creation of a unified emergency call center "112"
- ensuring information exchange between the participants of all existing programs in the field of security through a single information space taking into account the differentiation of access rights to information of a different nature;
- creation of additional tools based on the region, city / district to optimize the operation of the existing system for monitoring the state of public safety;
- construction and development of systems for situational analysis of the causes of destabilization of the situation and forecasting of existing and potential threats to ensure the security of the population;
- centralized management of the forces and means of ensuring public security in real time and based on statistical data obtained from a deep analysis of the results from monitoring tools.
The introduction of the 112 call processing system implies the creation of a single service for processing calls from the public, sensors and surveillance cameras. The operation of the 112 call processing system makes it possible to quickly use the information received from the population and make urgent decisions to eliminate incidents, ensure continuous monitoring of the state of social tension among the population, as well as analyze the effectiveness of providing assistance to victims, use the forces and means of various government agencies as soon as possible. services.
To control the operation of all city systems, ensure the safety of each resident, monitor all vulnerable points of the city infrastructure, obtain and archive information about all important events and the prompt provision of this information to all interested services, not isolated street video surveillance cameras are needed, but an integrated information system. Such an automated system should accumulate, combine, analyze and group heterogeneous data coming from multiple sources.
The main goals and objectives that can be achieved as a result of the implementation of the Safe City project are:
- ensuring the protection of public order and public safety;
- increasing the efficiency of operations of operational services: the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the traffic police,
- "Ambulance" and others, as well as the coordination of their actions;
- suppression of antisocial behavior;
- the ability to quickly obtain information from devices (surveillance cameras, sensors, sensors, meteorological instruments and devices) of the city and access to video archives;
- strengthening the security of strategically important objects of the city;
- fixing and timely response to illegal actions;
- increasing the speed of alerting and providing up-to-date information to the population about the threat of critical situations.
To date modern city is a complex multilevel structure. Such a structure consists of many subsystems, which together make up the concept of "Safe City". At present, among these, the following types of subsystems can be distinguished: transport, telecommunications, power and water supply systems, as well as many others that function and interact with each other.
Description of the subsystems of the APK "Safe City":
- system 112 - a subsystem for emergency calls of operational services by a single number "112", as well as for information interaction of the situational center with duty dispatch services (101, 102, 103, 104, 1050) throughout the city;
- video surveillance - a subsystem for monitoring and controlling images using optoelectronic devices designed for visual control (cameras);
- video analytics is a subsystem for automatic incident detection, i.e. detection of alarm situations, signal line crossing, forbidden parking, fire, etc.;
- recognition and detection - a subsystem for selecting objects from streaming video, face recognition;
- geoinformation system - a subsystem that allows displaying images of the terrain and specified objects (cameras) on the screens of the operators of the situational center;
- photo and video recording - a subsystem for registering detected offenses and incidents for the purpose of their further processing;
- security sensors - a subsystem for processing signals received from security sensors installed at facilities (banks, government agencies, commercial organizations, etc.).
The main positive impact achieved through the implementation of the Safe City project is the reduction of crime in the city and the provision of law and order. And the more perfect the system is built, the more effective the results. Where modern solutions are used, analytical tools that automatically respond to various incidents can be expected, first of all, to halve street crime, the number of accidents and deaths in road accidents. Another equally significant effect that the Safe City project has is an increase in the detection of crimes. Thus, thanks to video surveillance cameras, it is possible to quickly and with a higher probability recognize the identities of criminals, recognize and calculate their location and, of course, detain them. In the case of using systems of the past generation, the result will also be, but less impressive. The reasons are obvious: the operator sometimes has to look at several dozen screens, and in the course of this, after a while, he begins to miss incidents that he needs to respond to. Do not forget that old (or cheaper) cameras are not always able to capture significant information, for example, to identify the facial features of the offender or the number plate of the vehicle that violated the traffic rules, especially at night. So the already built system needs to be constantly improved.
For example, as a result of the implementation this project, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, being at the workplace, can carry out actions to provide emergency assistance in the event of an emergency. Emergency actions may include remote control of the fire system, de-energizing buildings as needed, and determining the number of people in emergency facilities. Thanks to the technological solutions presented in the Safe City concept, firefighters and doctors get to the scene much faster. This is especially evident in the work of firefighters. It is very important to contain and extinguish the fire before the fire turns from a nuisance into a full-fledged disaster. In such situations, a few minutes can make all the difference. The concept of "Safe City" implies a faster and more accurate response to emergency situations, namely:
- determining the exact location using the Geographic Information System;
- selection of the shortest paths, taking into account the density of traffic on the roads;
- use of other innovative technological solutions during emergencies.
An important role is occupied by the issue of training specialists. Staff training can also take place directly at the workplace for a short time thanks to an intuitive interface. It is already clear that the introduction of an integration platform with the simultaneous development of an information environment that combines existing and new technologies will allow creating a new qualitative level of ensuring the comfort of living for the population and will create conditions for a qualitative change in management and security models.
You can also think about the provision of various services for the population and business, for example, related to monitoring the movement of people and transport. In this case, with tracking the movement of people and vehicles, parents will be able to see and control how their children go home from school, and the delivery service and their customers - how the couriers move. Control public transport can monitor it through the Geographic Information System. And the list of services does not end there. It is also possible to provide paid services for finding parking lots and monitoring the condition of older people based on their activity.
Turning to the problems that arise during the implementation of the project, it should be noted that the practice foreign countries highlights the following difficulties:
- interdepartmental interaction and lack of practice in the functioning of large-scale systems in the field of security;
- expensive technologies: CCTV cameras, computer power, drones;
- automatic recognition and integration of various databases into the information system;
- automated monitoring and express analysis of traffic density on the roads (decision making based on express analysis);
- the problem of synchronizing various Internet things, synchronizing various protocols, connections, developing a unified policy in the field of data transfer;
- implementation of the implementation of the "Safe City" on the principle of "top-down" (based on the structure).
- in the process of solving informatization problems, it becomes clear that technical shortcomings can be eliminated and only require careful comprehensive study and an individual approach, based on the structure and structure of the city. However, it is much more difficult to organize interdepartmental interaction, to determine the governing bodies and responsible officials;
- due to the fact that the main part of equipment and computer capacities are purchased in such developed countries as China, Japan and Korea, the question of the budget arises. How much money should be allocated for the optimal implementation of the Safe City project? And in the process of finding an answer to this question, it is worth thinking about how to attract specialists from foreign countries to develop the technology production industry for this project;
- automatic recognition and integration implies the creation of various databases, for example, a database of citizens, and further comparison with these databases in an automated mode. Those. the camera captures the offense - recognizes biometric parameters - compares with the database - transmits data to surveillance cameras - the camera system, in turn, starts monitoring objects;
- automation in the process of monitoring and express analysis of traffic density, i.e. traffic density on the roads is one of the important and key roles in building a Safe City. This integral part makes it possible to ensure a quick response of specialized structures to any incidents occurring within the city. Thus, ambulances, fire safety vehicles, as well as the Ministry of Emergency Situations can bypass traffic jams and reach the place of emergency in the shortest possible time;
- the next problem is the synchronization problem. Synchronization refers to the so-called "Sharing the necessary resources". Those. all accumulated information should be automatically transmitted to all the main structures for ensuring the safety of the life of citizens. In other words, there should be a unified authorization system for all state structures;
- implementation of the implementation of the "Safe City" on a "top-down" basis implies a clearly defined step-by-step management, starting from the top management to the executor. Those. stage-by-stage setting of tasks, consideration and further distribution.
In view of the presence of the above problems, the question arises: “How to approach their solution?”. In other words, the main question this stage implementation, the study of the above aspects arises. And in view of this, the following methods for solving the tasks are proposed:
- no matter how ordinary it sounds, but the first and main solution to the emerging problem is the creation of a "Unified Center for Monitoring and Response". The next equally important factor is experience. A recruitment of experienced employees and specialists is required, as well as the creation of programs for further training in this area. In addition, it is recommended to attract specialists from foreign countries, where the concept of the "Safe City" has already been implemented and has been practiced for more than a year;
- the issue of purchasing equipment and technologies should be given special attention, as they say: “The miser pays twice”, you should not save on equipment and devices so that problems and failures do not arise in the future. Below we will explain with the example of smart sensors.
A distinctive feature of smart sensors from conventional sensors is the ability to self-repair and self-learn after a single failure. Today, an intelligent sensor is understood as a sensor with built-in electronics, including: an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a system on a chip, etc., and a digital interface with support for network protocols for communications. Thus, a smart sensor can be included in a wireless or wired sensor network thanks to the self-identification function in the network, along with other devices:
- The problem of automatic recognition and integration of databases lies in the fact that in order to solve it, a single database of citizens, vehicles, etc. should be created. This base must have full integration and compatibility with surveillance cameras, GPS navigators and other means in real time;
- in the case of automated monitoring and express analysis, the issue of synchronization and integration of observation cameras and their compatibility with GPS navigators again arises. In the course of solving this problem, it is necessary to create a unified system for collecting, storing, analyzing and graphical visualization of spatial (geographical) data and related information about the necessary objects (in other words, a Geographic Information System - GIS). This GIS will allow you to calculate the location, the shortest route with the lowest traffic density and synchronize the above data with the vehicles of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, ambulance, Ministry of Emergency Situations and fire safety;
- the problem of synchronizing various Internet things, synchronizing various protocols, connections, developing a unified policy in the field of data transfer have little difficulty, which lies in the fact that not all devices are fully compatible. For this reason, attention should be paid to this problem at the stage of acquisition and purchase of equipment. In addition to compatibility, another key point is the allocation of a separate high-speed and broadband data transmission channel;
- The problem of implementing the top-down principle probably has one of the simplest but most important solutions. Thus, the solution of the above problem requires the correct prioritization and distribution of responsibilities. In the course of this, a structure should be carefully developed, according to which the “top-down” principle will be built.
Structurally, "Safe City" is a tree diagram. Each object is equipped with a whole complex of subsystems: a video surveillance system, resource accounting sensors, security and fire alarms, an access control subsystem, etc. All data from each object enters a single synchronized system (node). Such a node can also unite several objects - this is determined by the scale of the city, the convenience of data collection and the installer's decision. From the nodes, information is transmitted to the operational and technical center. Another variant of the system topology is also possible: there are no reference nodes, data from all objects are sent directly to the operational and technical center. Naturally, nothing prevents the developer from implementing the mixed Safe City topology using different variants building together. From a technological point of view, "Safe City" refers to hybrid systems, since it combines equipment and devices from various manufacturers into a single complex. The integrated architecture allows for the simultaneous management of all urban subsystems with the implementation of any functions, regardless of the type of installed equipment, its manufacturer, location, technical characteristics.
Summing up, I would like to say that the Safe City project has a huge potential and many advantages. Although at first glance the Safe City looks expensive, in a couple of years it will become obvious that the investments made in the Safe City project are justified. Indeed, in this case, the question arises of the safety of the inhabitants of the city, and as you know, the safety of citizens is above all. The invaluable speed of response to emerging emergency situations is complemented by the ability to easily and quickly analyze the actions of all services to eliminate the consequences. At the same time, law enforcement officers get the opportunity to quickly receive information about the situation in the city and, if necessary, use the materials of video cameras in investigative activities. However, when implementing the Safe City project, one cannot entrust all the work to “machines”. It is necessary to periodically improve, improve and update the complex of hardware and software. As they say, "by trial and error" to achieve the best result and not stop at these achievements.
In Odnoklassniki
Many of our compatriots have heard about the concept of the AIC "Safe City", but not every citizen knows exactly what is hidden under this concept. APK stands for "hardware and software complex". Such a system was created in order to guarantee an increased level of security of society and the environment in which modern man lives. Let's consider this topic in more detail.
What is this about?
The Safe City APK segments are designed to keep everything under control. The task of this complex is to predict threats, track current emergency events, and, if possible, prevent situations that threaten society. One of the tasks of the complex is to control how the consequences of what happened are eliminated. The goal of specialists is to monitor and prevent, monitor offenses and work with what they have provoked. The complex is created as a prefabricated system of numerous elements of the level below, provided for the collection of information and data management. All subsystems must work effectively with each other. The main idea of the functioning of such a complex product is the observance and provision of the interests of the society as a whole, a separate entity, region, locality in particular.
The task of the agro-industrial complex is to protect the population and territories, increase the level of security in the aspect of various spheres of life of modern society in the city. This project includes the development of measures that prevent terrorist threats, and therefore provide greater security to places where people accumulate in large numbers. The agro-industrial complex is aimed at ensuring the safety of various objects, the importance and significance of which for society varies. One of the tasks pursued by the implementation of the complex is to improve the efficiency of the work of the departments responsible for the protection of the legal order. The introduction of an information and hardware complex makes it possible to optimize control over the workforce, to more efficiently distribute the funds that are at the disposal of the structures responsible for order.
About the direction of work
The tasks of the AIC "Safe City" are declared for each specific settlement in which this complex is being implemented. In general, when registering a job, it is necessary to establish a process in such a way that, through the APC, public order can be guaranteed in places where people are often in large numbers. It is equally important to ensure the safety of each individual person located within the boundaries of the settlement to which the complex applies. When implementing the program, it is necessary to think over measures due to which especially important objects would be safe. This applies to institutions that are part of the education system.
One of the aspects of the social project is to increase the level of traffic safety on the roads. The goal pursued by the authorities responsible for the implementation of each specific complex is to reduce the number of accidents that occur on the roads. The declared task of the program is to minimize the severity of the consequences of such events. At the same time, the developers of the person responsible for the implementation aim to guarantee the safety of each person, the property belonging to him, as well as the property of the municipality, housing stock. One of the tasks of the agro-industrial complex is to detect the facts of vehicle theft in time, increase the degree of effectiveness of the disclosure of offenses, and more effectively prevent such incidents.
Communications and agro-industrial complex
Because the social project can be implemented only with the use of the latest tools and technology, to translate it into reality, it is necessary to attract the best specialists in the field of engineering, information support, communications, and technologies. In every city of our country there is a government agency responsible for such issues. It is he who is usually entrusted with the obligation to develop real technical solutions that would allow to control what is happening within the limits of the settlement. In order for law enforcement agencies to operate effectively, quickly and reliably, photo and video opportunities should be used to monitor the situation in critical areas. The government departments responsible for the technical aspects of the implementation must control and monitor how the equipment works, how efficient the system as a whole is, and also ensure that it continues to work without interruptions.
For the Safe City program to be fully functional, there must be departments that are responsible for the development technical support work processes. It is necessary to improve the systems of photographing, recording video in order to increase the level of security. First of all, it concerns the situation on the roads. Complexes created to fix violations of norms and rules will be useful. It is equally important to develop situational video surveillance as a tool to increase the level of security for each individual person. To make this more efficient, it is reasonable to create a single network that includes all important economic transport entities. In addition to the transport network, to increase the level of security, it is necessary to provide Good work all other technical aspects of the agro-industrial complex in order to exclude a failure situation. The equipment used for this is regularly checked and maintained.
What if it's more detailed?
The Safe City program was formed to provide a comprehensive solution to the problem of social security. An information system through which work is guaranteed must integrate different areas and aspects of life. Such a product is created to formulate accurate forecasts. For the work to be truly effective, it is necessary for the agro-industrial complex to provide opportunities to connect duty officers, dispatchers, municipal services so that they can interact. A unified approach, systematization of solving the problem are due to the increased probability of not only natural hazards, but also man-made risks. This is largely due to the high rate of urbanization. A systematic approach, according to experts, is important for social, economic and investment development settlements our state.
The development and construction of the Safe City APK is implemented taking into account rather high requirements for the functionality of all systems that ensure the safety of the population. Until recently, there was no single systems approach aimed at managing security, so the professionals faced the task of creating a unique solution that would consist of numerous levels, thereby allowing you to control the life of society in all aspects. In addition to, in fact, security, such a complex is also a guarantee of maintaining order and observing laws. As engineers note, all this is achievable if you use the most modern methods and means, approaches to monitoring the situation, making forecasts for its development.
Automation and security
In order for the unified rapid response center to work effectively, it is necessary to provide appropriate conditions for this. The key aspect is automated complex, which is formed from programs and technical equipment that allows you to informatize the work of the dispatch service serving a specific locality. The implementation of a comprehensive solution helps to make life in the city safer, more comfortable, and the management processes of the settlement - more efficient.
If the agro-industrial complex is presented as a kind of organism, then the response center can be compared with the head, which always knows what different departments are doing, how to control their work as productively as possible and with the best result, coordinating all movements. Due to a single center, it is possible to compile information obtained from different sources and at first glance looking incoherent, abrupt. The efficiency of the process of forming a holistic picture of what is happening is increasing, and the dynamics of its development is controlled. An important aspect is the control of what is happening in real time. Thanks to the APC, it is possible to track both small and large situations, as well as predict their development, calculate which solutions to eliminate and prevent the most effective, and implement them, coordinating all the necessary services.
The introduction of the APK "Safe City" is being implemented to provide state structures, isp. authorities, to improve the efficiency of the implementation of the functions of the control system, self-government. In order for those in management positions to make effective decisions, they must have the most accurate, reliable, reality-based information. Providing such information is one of the tasks of the agro-industrial complex. Through it, the work of duty officers, rescuers, utility structures, commercial organizations, dispatchers, and rapid response agencies is coordinated.
If an emergency occurs, a crisis occurs, it is through the agro-industrial complex and integrated informatization that one can achieve maximum efficiency in the mutual work of services. Therefore, the implementation of the system helps to increase the safety of society and compliance with rules and laws, as well as to ensure that the human environment will be safe.
Everything is interconnected
The current unified requirements for the Safe City APK oblige those responsible for the implementation of such programs in specific settlements to ensure effective aggregation of information received from federal and regional structures. Through APK isp. the authorities receive maximum detailed and timely information about incidents related to the safety of society, compliance with laws and regulations. The technical complex allows you to make a sample for a separate education or the entire region as a whole. The system also works in the opposite direction: the AIC implemented at the local level transmits data on the development of the situation to federal structures and those responsible for the regions. The persons implementing the project are working on algorithms for compiling analytical summaries, reports on the tasks assigned to the services. Reports are sent to local and federal structures who control the execution of projects and analyze the features of ongoing emergencies and ways to deal with them.
The on-duty dispatch service operating within the framework of the agro-industrial complex interacts with local government structures, the municipality, and enterprises responsible for the safety of life in the settlement. In order to organize joint work more efficiently, it is necessary to create a single information space through which it would be possible to control the development of crisis situations in a combined manner. Such a decision would help to include regional structures in the process as efficiently as possible. One of the tasks of the agro-industrial complex is to unite officials responsible for the development, adoption, and implementation of decisions that would help prevent emergencies and eliminate the consequences of what happened.
About the nuances
One of the tasks closely related to ensuring safety in a populated area is to improve the quality of management decisions, forecasts, and plans. For its implementation, you can use the APK "Safe City". What it is, can tell the engineers involved in the study of the nuances of the workflow. It is they who know how important analytical methods for studying what is happening, how important it is to select the right quantitative approaches to assessing events, taking into account all options for the development of the situation. By means of the APC, the selection of the most rational option for correcting what is happening is optimized.
To some extent, information flows are a chaotic amount of data that can be streamlined using the Safe City APK. What it is, you can learn from specialized documentation that regulates the importance of multiple analysis of primary information obtained through surveillance systems. The more actively they are used, the more order in the information base, the more reliable the data used for further analysis will be, which means that the forecasts will be accurate. Information is used to work out the situation according to the regulations, and the result is largely determined by the completeness of the information and its reliability.
Infrastructure and social life
AT recent times there are many forums and conferences, meetings and meetings dedicated to the implementation of the Safe City APK in different regions. What it is, many journalists covering the issue know. As noted during such meetings, security is largely due to the reliability of the housing and communal services system, which, in turn, is related both to security aspects and to the social situation and economic condition of the region. With respect to the infrastructure at the level is an object dependent on many factors. Equipment can fail, networks wear out, inflation does not allow you to get enough money for high-quality maintenance of equipment. Another problem is unemployment.
According to experts, from year to year it is more and more important to predict threats in a timely and accurate manner - and this is possible through the Safe City APK. What is Threat Forecasting? The question can best be revealed by analysts working in the field of studying trends in the development of situations. It is noted that the situational centers responsible for making forecasts largely correct the work of management structures. The information received by the departments responsible for collecting information is used for energy monitoring.
Is it really relevant?
Already today, many systems are implementing intelligent solutions that help improve the quality of work. As mentioned above with regard to the Safe City APK, video surveillance cameras and means of fixing what is happening in the photo are integral aspects of such a complex. Even earlier, their significance was tested in practice by some enterprises responsible for supplying the population with water, energy, and heat. As observations have shown, information solutions and the industrial virtual web are significant aspects through which security can be increased. Control allows to some extent in a dynamic mode to solve the problem of lack of repair and money for it. The relevance of repair work is due to the fact that communications in most settlements are quite old, and there is simply no opportunity to change everything at once. It's no secret that citizens regularly face interruptions in the supply of vital resources, and sometimes entire districts or even cities suffer.
Surveillance cameras, software solutions, networks and subsystems that make up the Safe City APK are a method of monitoring the situation and finding the weakest points available at the moment. The implementation of the agro-industrial complex is not only numerous advantages that can be obtained by bringing the idea to life, but also a number of problems that need to be addressed.
It is noted that the implementation of engineering projects is complicated by the arrangement of surveillance systems, and the existing alarms designed to report fires are often outdated and unreliable. All this impairs the ability to respond quickly, and therefore increases the level of risks for citizens.
Problems and Solutions
It is assumed that the APK "Safe City" will be easier to implement effectively if a number of changes are made to the current regulatory documentation (including the Housing Code). Activists propose to revise the norms related to the construction and use of facilities and systems that ensure security. If it is possible to organize effective work, at the federal level, through monitoring systems, it will be possible to give those in need access to the most up-to-date information about objects that potentially pose a danger to society. Monitoring them is essential to keep citizens safe, and to do so, operational structures must always have an accurate record of the current state.
Only this will prevent emergency situations and respond to them in time.
An important role in predicting dangerous situations and the timely response of operational services to them, ensuring public order and public safety is played by modern means of warning about fire danger, burglar alarms, access control to facilities, and CCTV systems. In order to further improve the efficiency of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, counteract the growth of crime, ensure the safety of life and health of citizens on the streets and in other public places, traffic safety on the busiest streets and traffic intersections, the terrorist resistance of objects of special importance and life support facilities in cities, hardware -software complexes (APC) "Safe city". The complex, as a rule, includes: a distributed video surveillance network (RSV), a network of fixed emergency communication points "Citizen-Police" (PES) and a monitoring system for mobile means of law enforcement agencies (SMPS PO). Management of such systems is carried out centrally by employees of the city ATC, for which the Situation Center (SC) of the Safe City APK is being created (Fig. 6.16).
Rice. 6.16 Functional diagram of APK "Safe City"
The purpose of creating the AIC "Safe City" is to increase the level of security in the main areas of life of the city's population, including anti-terrorist protection of places of mass stay of citizens, objects of various degrees of importance, as well as to increase the efficiency of law enforcement agencies by optimizing the management of forces and means of internal affairs bodies .
Tasks of APK "Safe City":
1. Ensuring public order in places of mass stay of citizens.
2. Ensuring the personal safety of citizens in the city and increasing their level of confidence in law enforcement agencies, reducing the "legal nihilism" of the population.
3. Ensuring the safety of objects of special importance.
4. Improving road safety, reducing the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences.
5. Ensuring the safety of educational institutions.
6. Ensuring the personal and property security of citizens, municipal property in the housing stock.
7. Ensuring the safety of citizens equipped with special security remote controls.
8. Security safe transportation on the territory of the city of dangerous goods due to remote control and management of vehicles transporting them.
9. Ensuring the safe movement of VIPs around the city.
10. Detection of the facts of the theft of vehicles of citizens equipped with special equipment and remote control over them.
11. Creation of a unified information base of law enforcement agencies in order to use its data by interested departments and services to ensure the safety of the life of the city's population.
12. Improving the efficiency of law enforcement services at all levels.
13. Reducing the response time of operational services to emergency calls.
14. Reducing the level of street crime.
15. Increasing the detection of crimes and reducing the time for investigating crimes.
16. Prevention of offenses.
The general approaches to solving the tasks set are based on a systematic analysis of the situation carried out in the Situation Center and the identification of objects that require special protection within the framework of the functioning of the Safe City APK.
The situational center is a group of premises equipped with equipment for receiving, processing, visualizing, transmitting and archiving all the necessary information circulating within the Safe City system.
The main functions of the City Situation Center are:
- control on monitor screens for information coming from a distributed video surveillance network;
- receiving information from citizens of the city through the network of stationary points of emergency communication "Citizen-Police" and responding to it;
- monitoring of the network of stationary points of emergency communication "Citizen-Police" and the deployment of law enforcement forces on the electronic map of the city;
- monitoring on the electronic map of the city of the location of protected VIPs;
- monitoring on the electronic map of the city the routes of vehicles for the transportation of especially dangerous goods;
- monitoring on the electronic map of the city the routes of stolen cars, protected by special security systems.
Placement of elements of the system of closed-circuit television of remote objects and stationary points of emergency communication "Citizen-Police" is carried out, first of all, at the following objects and sections of the territory of the urban district:
Objects and areas of the territory with an increased criminogenic situation;
Objects of culture and recreation;
Entertainment and sports facilities;
Places of mass stay of citizens during public events;
Places of the most frequent road traffic accidents;
Objects of the education system;
Objects of the healthcare system;
Life support facilities of the city district;
Objects of increased danger;
Public transport stops;
Areas of transport interchanges; bridges;
Shopping centers;
Objects of industry and communications;
Objects of local governments;
Law enforcement agencies.
The first eleven should be attributed to the main tasks solved within the framework of the system being created, so we will dwell on them in more detail.
Ensuring public order in places of mass stay of citizens includes:
- monitoring the situation in: streets and squares, parks, territories adjacent to shopping and entertainment centers, sports facilities, other places of mass stay of people;
- organization of monitoring the situation at railway and bus stations, airports; automatic detection abandoned and forgotten items; search and face recognition.
- prompt response to the complication of the operational situation and operational management of forces and means involved in the protection of public order;
- prompt notification of law enforcement and other emergency services of the city about the occurrence or suspicion of occurrence of situations that threaten the life and health of people, the safety of their property.
The solution of this problem is carried out by installing survey surveillance cameras in places of mass stay of citizens and transmitting information to the situational center of the Internal Affairs Directorate and to the regional departments of internal affairs. Information is analyzed in real time by video surveillance operators and, in the event of an emergency, the video surveillance operator reports to the operational duty officer. The operational duty officer makes a decision in accordance with existing instructions. At the same time, all incoming information is stored in the video archive.
Ensuring the personal safety of citizens in the city and increasing their level of confidence in law enforcement agencies, reducing the “legal nihilism” of the population includes organizing an emergency communication channel for citizens with internal affairs bodies to obtain information about offenses, crimes, emergencies and promptly respond to messages received.
This problem is solved by installing PES terminal devices. It is advisable to equip such devices with a built-in video camera (similar to a video intercom calling unit) in order to visually monitor the development of events directly next to the emergency call button.
Such a signal from a citizen goes to the SC to the video surveillance operator, who, after registering the message, reports to the operational duty officer. At the same time, negotiations are recorded with subsequent archival storage and the location of the TPP is displayed on the electronic map of the city. The operational duty officer makes decisions according to the current situation, and the video surveillance operator monitors the development of the situation.
Ensuring the security of objects of special importance is the most important task of both the departmental security service and law enforcement agencies. A well-placed system of external video monitoring of such an object, inscribed in the structure of the "Safe City", will allow detecting threats at the early stages of their manifestation. In the event of threats of a terrorist or criminal nature that impair the functioning of these facilities, the video surveillance operator transmits an alarm signal to the operational duty officer, who makes a decision to prevent or eliminate the consequences of the identified threats, and also informs the relevant services.
Improving road safety, reducing the number of road accidents and the severity of their consequences is ensured by:
- organization of traffic monitoring; traffic flows; emergency traffic situations, including violation of traffic rules, traffic accidents;
- automatic detection and registration of emergency situations, violations of traffic rules (violation of the speed limit, parking rules, crossing a double continuous line, driving under prohibition signs and signals) and vehicles - violators;
- prompt response to emergency traffic situations, including notification of all interested authorities, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, disaster medicine, etc.;
- search for stolen, stolen and escaped from the scene of a road traffic accident;
- determination of license plates of vehicles;
- monitoring of mobile objects of special services and, first of all, law enforcement agencies.
These tasks are solved by installing surveillance cameras on the main highways of the city and identification cameras to determine the state number of the vehicle for each lane. The incoming video information is analyzed by video surveillance operators, traffic police officers. In case of identified traffic violations or complications of the road situation, a message is sent to the operational duty officer of the traffic police regiment. At the same time, video information is sent to the server of a specialized software and hardware complex for automated processing and recognition of license plates.
Ensuring the safety of educational institutions is an urgent task. Of the potential threats that lie in wait for today's schoolchildren, it is worth highlighting the most characteristic of them, namely:
- theft of personal belongings of students and teachers, theft and damage to school property;
- acts of terrorism, taking children hostage;
- alcohol, drugs, and student use on school property;
- distribution among schoolchildren of unwanted publications of a pornographic, sectarian and other nature;
- technogenic accidents and natural disasters .
An analysis of potential threats allows us to conclude that it is necessary to have in the security system educational institution the following subsystems:
- video surveillance system;
- point of emergency contact with the police;
- Access Control System;
- security and fire alarm.
Video monitoring of the school territory and internal premises allows you to quickly identify cases of unauthorized persons entering the school territory, prevent their actions that pose a threat to students, and register conflict situations and cases of violations of discipline, to prevent damage to school property, theft of personal belongings of teachers. To ensure the safety of students and staff of the educational institution, as well as the safety of material resources, stationary video cameras are used, installed in the following places:
- the outer perimeter of the school grounds;
- passages / exits of the building;
- halls and stairs, locker rooms;
- canteens and buffets;
- sports hall and outdoor playgrounds.
The network of emergency communication points with the police provides immediate communication with the operator of the Situation Center of the city's ATC for any student or employee of an educational institution.
The access control subsystem is another mandatory component of the security system. It is designed to ensure the identification of all entering the school through turnstiles equipped with readers. The system allows solving the problems of preventing unauthorized access to the school by unauthorized persons, monitoring the attendance of students with registration of the time of their arrival and departure, and a number of others.
The security and fire alarm system provides monitoring of the state of protected premises, buildings of an educational institution with the output of alarm notices to the centralized security point of the private security department.
Within the framework of the Safe City project, the first two subsystems are involved, and the outputs of signals are carried out, first of all, from the central entrance area to the educational institution.
Ensuring the personal and property security of citizens, municipal property in the housing stock is ensured by:
- round-the-clock monitoring of the situation in the residential sector by video surveillance of entrances and courtyards, as well as, if necessary, entrances to the technical premises of residential buildings;
- two-way communication with the enterprise dispatcher responsible for the operation of residential premises;
- video monitoring of elevator cabins, basements, attics and other service premises;
- prompt notification of law enforcement services about the occurrence of situations that threaten the life and health of people, the safety of their property, as well as the safety of municipal property.
These tasks are solved by installing video cameras in residential entrances and surveillance cameras in the local area. Video information comes through the server of the municipal engineering and technical center to the regional departments of internal affairs.
The system for ensuring the safety of citizens equipped with special security remote controls allows citizens who need additional protection to press a button on the key fob in the event of a threat of attack or for medical reasons. A radio signal will be sent to the Situation Center, and the duty center will send the nearest police squad to the disaster area.
The system for ensuring the safe transportation of dangerous goods through the city is designed for remote control and management of the routes of vehicles that transport dangerous goods through the city, and voice communication with their crews. To ensure safety, vehicles for the period of transportation of dangerous goods through the city are equipped with easily removable side kits.
The system for ensuring the safe movement of VIPs around the city allows you to:
- authorized determination of the location of VIPs and their display on the computer screen of the City Situation Center on the electronic map of the city in real time;
- voice conversations with the duty officer of the Situation Center;
- transmission of alarms.
The creation of a unified information base of law enforcement agencies in order to use its data by interested departments and services to ensure the safety of the life of the city's population will allow:
- to increase the effectiveness of the actions of the public security police units in preventing offenses and providing assistance to citizens;
- increase the area of law enforcement control through the introduction of technical means;
- increase the level of information support of the duty unit of the ATC, which will make it possible to ensure the availability of the necessary forces and means of law and order in the right place and at the right time;
- to reduce the response time of the internal affairs bodies to the messages of citizens, the complication of the operational situation;
- improve the conditions for the service of police units;
- exercise constant control over the service of the public security police units.
To solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out:
- integration of various subsystems of information resources created within the framework of the system, automated public data banks, existing automated information systems through the EITKS into a single information space of law enforcement agencies, organization of authorized operational access of employees to information resources general and special purpose in real time;
- access to information resources of the regional and federal levels;
- visualization on the electronic map of the city of the location of the duty squads of the patrol service, the installation sites of video cameras and emergency communication points;
- organization of automatic documentation and analysis of information on emergency events and offenses with elements of forecasting the development of the operational situation;
- use of the system of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia "Oxion" for the demonstration of video information in public places: the criminal situation that is developing in the city; orientations on wanted and missing citizens; preventive stories in the areas of public order protection (actions of citizens when suspicious objects are found in public places, district police officers, the state traffic safety inspectorate, private security);
- protection of information circulating in the system, as well as data transmission channels.
Increasing the efficiency of law enforcement services of all levels, reducing the response time of operational services to emergency calls, reducing the level of street crime, increasing the detection of crimes, reducing the time for investigating crimes, and preventing offenses is based on the effective solution and development of the first eleven tasks.
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