What does prudence mean. Prudence - what is it? Meaning, synonyms, examples
the quality of character, the principle of action, orienting a person (group) to achieve their own maximum benefit (happiness).
Aristotle analyzed the specific ethical meaning of prudence (in Latin, prudentia). In Russian editions, Aristotle's term is translated as prudence, and the word "prudence" conveys the term. However, in the subsequent history of philosophy, the problems behind these terms began to be denoted by the concepts of prudence and moderation, respectively. Aristotle defines prudence (prudence) as a true warehouse of the soul, involved in the judgment, involving the commission of acts relating to human goods. The main business of the prudent (prudent) consists in making the right decisions regarding the good and benefit for oneself as a whole - for a good life. positive moral value prudence in the interpretation of Aristotle determines its conditionality by moderation - a moral virtue, thanks to which a person realizes what his good consists in. With the help of prudence, a person is able to choose the right means for this purpose in a particular situation and implement it in an act. Prudence as a special knowledge, or as a part of the soul involved in judgment, differs from moral virtue, although one does not exist without the other. It also differs from wisdom as scientific knowledge and comprehension with the help of the mind of the most valuable things by nature: prudence is associated with the human good, aimed at making the right decisions for its implementation. Aristotle emphasizes that being prudent means not just knowing, but being able to perform actions in accordance with knowledge, and cites Thales and Anaxagoras as an example, who are called not prudent, but wise, since they were engaged in divine, but useless for the achievement of human blessings subjects. . It is impossible to make decisions about these items, because they are immutable. If wisdom deals with extremely general definitions that do not allow substantiation, then prudence involves more knowledge of the particular, since it deals with making decisions and performing actions in specific (private) circumstances. The prudent, as capable of making decisions, is able to achieve the highest of the benefits that can be realized in a particular act. If wisdom is acquired through the mind, then prudence through experience and a special feeling similar to conviction. Aristotle believed that wisdom and prudence are related in the sense that the latter, although it does not use wisdom, sees to it that it develops. The peculiarity of the prudence of statesmen in the interpretation of Aristotle lies in the direction of their decisions and actions for the benefit of the state. Aristotle subdivides this prudence into state (in turn, highlighting in it prudence in decision-making and in legal proceedings), economic and legislative. The Importance of Prudence in public affairs, according to Aristotle, lies in the fact that the own good of citizens is impossible, regardless of the economy and structure of the state. Thomas Aquinas developed the concept of prudence (prudentia) as one of the cardinal virtues (along with moderation, courage and justice) and defined it as correct reasoning applied to action, or as wisdom in human affairs. Prudence is manifested in the choice of specific actions as a means of approaching the ultimate goal of bliss, expressing the goodness of the divine world order. The highest transcendental goal in the concept of Thomas determines the positive moral value of prudence. He distinguishes true prudence from false prudence, which consists in choosing adequate means for an immoral end, and from imperfect prudence, which for one reason or another lacks completeness. Thomas emphasizes that true prudence consists in a steady habit of acting according to virtue and involves doing the right things on right grounds at the right time. This requires intelligence, the ability to understand a particular situation, memory, the ability to take advice, experience, the ability to foresee the consequences of one's actions.
In modern times, in philosophy and everyday consciousness, the content of the concept of prudence is gradually moving into an extramoral context. The conditionality of a higher (transcendental) goal is less and less seen as necessary condition personal (group) benefit. The meaning of prudence is often interpreted in two ways. It is associated with the ability, using one's own experience and the experience of other people, to exercise personal or group interest and thereby achieve long-term benefits, well-being, and also continue to be considered a virtue. A. Smith distinguishes between prudence, focused on maintaining health, wealth, good name, personal peace of mind, and prudence, which involves a "broader goal" and is combined with valor, with love for humanity, justice, heroism. Prudence in the first sense characterizes a man more prudent than enterprising, extremely frugal, responsible only for what is determined by the duties of his position, unfailingly temperate, indefatigably industrious, sincere and capable of friendship, based "on a prudent respect for modest virtues." Prudence in the second sense is inherent in a great commander or public figure, and in the past it was hallmark sage, academicians and peripatetics. It is based on the perfection of moral and rational qualities, "the connection of an excellent head with an excellent heart." If prudence in the first meaning can only "win cold respect", then the second one causes admiration and love. Finally, I. Kant separated prudence from morality at the conceptual level. He showed that the moral law is not determined by any external goal in relation to it, it is unconditional, universal and necessary. Prudence, on the other hand, is directed towards the natural end, happiness, and a prudent act is only a means to it. Due to the uncertainty of the content of happiness, which is the ideal not of the mind, but of the imagination, it is impossible to identify reasonable principles for achieving this goal. To approach it, one should act on empirical advice (the need for frugality, politeness, restraint, diet, etc.), since experience teaches that they tend to achieve the good.
Courage without prudence is only a special kind of cowardice.
Seneca
Prudence is the tyrant of the powerless.
Pierre Buast
Prudent prudence is true virtue.
Euripides
... Prudence should be somewhere between licentiousness and insensitivity.
Aristotle
It is fitting for the prudent to try everything before resorting to weapons.
Terence Publius
A weapon outside the country has little value if there is no prudence at home.
Cicero Mark Tullius
The beginning of everything ... is prudence ... From prudence came all the other virtues; it teaches that one cannot live pleasantly without living reasonably, morally and justly, and vice versa, one cannot live reasonably, morally and justly without living pleasantly.
Epicurus
No mortal is always prudent.
Pliny the Elder
Recklessness is characteristic of a flourishing age, foresight - aging.
Unknown author The prudent sees trouble and hides; but the inexperienced go ahead and are punished.
The prudent man acts with knowledge, but the foolish one flaunts foolishness.
Old Testament. Proverbs of Solomon
Prudence ... consists in being able to foresee what is advantageous for oneself and avoid what is disadvantageous.
Lorenzo Valla
No wonder rage and prudence are depicted in the form of a youth and an old man. The youngster is ready to pull out the tail of a wild horse with his hands and falls, defeated, to the ground. And the old man, slowly, by a hair, will shorten the tail of the horse.
Lope de Vega
Prudence is the best trait of courage.
William Shakespeare
Always be on the alert - against the ignorant, stubborn, arrogant, against all kinds of ignoramuses. There are many of them in the world, prudence is not to meet with them.
Baltasar Gracian y Morales
To act when you doubt the reasonableness of the act is dangerous, it is better to refrain. Prudence does not allow uncertainty, it always walks in the noon light of reason.
Baltasar Gracian y Morales
The art of starting. Stupidity acts at random, all fools are brave. In their simplicity, at the beginning of their work they do not foresee obstacles, but at the end they do not grieve from failures. Prudence proceeds with caution, its scouts, Foresight and Reflection, scout the way in order to move unhindered.
Baltasar Gracian y Morales
Prudence and love are not made for each other: as love grows, prudence decreases.
François de La Rochefoucauld
Prudence enlightens, passion blinds.
Molière
The young man should be prudent, not trying to seem like one; the old man must appear reasonable, even though he may not be so.
Philip Dormer Stanhope Chesterfield
I don't really like to see prudence attached to the green bud of youth, it's like ivy wrapping around a bush and hindering its development.
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Prudence suggests that self-interest is not seen as the goal of moral behavior, although it may be its consequence.
Prudence consists in not destroying the disposition of others and preserving it for its own sake.
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Whenever prudence says, "Don't do this, it will be misunderstood," I always go against it.
Friedrich Nietzsche
Prudence is also an ideal.
Wilhelm Mach
The practical art of discretion boils down to three skills: not to stand out; do not trust the good in others; don't give in to the good in yourself.
Alexander Kruglov
Prudence is a great quality, but it does not give happiness.
Lion Feuchtwanger
A false and unreliable thing is human prudence; for in spite of all our plans, decisions and precautions, fate always holds in its hands the power over events.
Michel de Montaigne
Petty watchful prudence is the mortal enemy of great deeds.
Michel de Montaigne
Prudence should not be reduced to a simple desire to avoid danger, and even more so to some kind of rational and prudent cowardice. Also, contrary to Kant, one should not confuse prudence with simple worldly egoism. The philosophical meaning of the term "prudence" reflects one of the four main virtues of antiquity and the Middle Ages, without which the other three (bravery, moderation, justice) are blind and uncertain. Prudence is the art of choosing best means leading to the realization of a deliberately good goal. To do justice, it is not enough to wish to be just; to act virtuous, it is not enough to be brave, moderate and just (for one can make a mistake in choosing the means). Let's take politics for example. Most rulers wish well to us and our country. But how to fulfill this desire? This is where the root of many oppositions, both at the government level and at the level of ordinary citizens. example - parents. Almost all of them want the best for their children. Alas, this desire is too little to be really good parents! You also need to know how to raise children, how to make their life good or help them make their own life good. The fact that everyone wants this is not worth talking about! But how is this to be achieved? The really serious question, then, lies not in the end, but in the means. What should be done and how exactly? Loving parents looking for an answer to it, but love alone is not able to give it. The ability to love does not free us from the need to be smart. That's why prudence is necessary. Aristotle said it was the virtue of the mind, or the art of living and acting as intelligently as possible.
Prudence- the quality of character, the principle of action, orienting a person (group) to achieve their own maximum benefit (happiness).
Yandex.dictionaries | Encyclopedia "Circumnavigation"
Prudence- this is a bright mind, a healthy judgment: good, kind thoughts, thoughts and plans are creative thoughts, manifested in practice by deeds that bring happiness, joy, peace and goodness to all people. Prudence is the wisdom of the heart, an inner spiritual connection with the source of life, that is, with God, as well as a true attitude towards one's spiritual needs; it is a pure, sincere heart, having good loving desires and feelings...
N.A.L. | Two qualities | www.blagovestnik.org
- Prudence is the ability to apply all your knowledge in the best possible way in every situation.
- Prudence is wisdom expressed in concrete deeds and deeds.
- The prudence of a man is the understanding of what is good for himself; the prudence of a statesman is an understanding of the good for the state.
- Prudence is the ability to separate a reasonable risk from an unjustified danger to life; the main from the secondary; a good deed from a bad deed.
Benefits of Prudence
- Prudence makes it possible - when choosing a momentary goal, not to lose sight of the long-term goal.
- Prudence gives an understanding that one should take care of one's own good without prejudice to the interests of other people.
- Prudence saves - from rash actions in situations where the danger exceeds the possible positive consequences of the act.
- Prudence gives freedom - from recklessness in all its life manifestations.
- Prudence allows you to avoid - any extremes in emotions and deeds.
Manifestations of prudence in everyday life
- State activity. Stability and tranquility in the state is the merit of prudent government.
- Interpersonal relationships. A person who is benevolent towards others shows prudence.
- Military business. Successful commanders are successful due to prudence - the ability to correctly assess the situation, draw the right conclusions and choose the right course of action.
- Legislative activity. Most laws are made for the public good—those who make them are driven by prudence.
- Family relationships. By raising children, teaching them to learn, to behave in accordance with the norms accepted in society, to take care of loved ones and about themselves - parents instill prudence in children.
How to achieve sanity
- Prudence is one of those qualities that come to a person along with upbringing and life experience.
- Tips. The ability to accept advice from more experienced people is a sign of a prudent person; the opposite is also true - by learning to consult in difficult situations, a person develops prudence.
- Calculation of situations. A person who carefully considers every decision and "calculates" all the options for its possible consequences is more likely to act prudently in every situation.
- Psychological exercises. To achieve prudence, it is very important to control your emotions. The simple exercise of mentally counting to 10 before starting an argument or before making a decision helps this.
Golden mean
Frivolity
Prudence
Selfishness | excessive concern for oneself, prudence, directed exclusively at the person himself and brought to the point of absurdity
Winged expressions about prudence
If a person does not heed prudence, it will surely take revenge on him. - Benjamin Franklin - Prudence tells you to save yourself today for tomorrow, and not put everything at stake in one day. - Cervantes - Prudence consists in not destroying the disposition of others and preserving it for its own sake. - Hegel - Prudence is the best trait of courage. - William Shakespeare - Misfortunes teach prudence to fools. - Democritus - Charles K. Muntz / Temporary prudence If you have not yet reached deep peace and wisdom, this book will help you. It contains simple and effective techniques that allow you to awaken common sense and not panic when faced with life's difficulties. Solomon the Wise, Epictetus / Prudence of Wisdom Two famous sages of the past - Solomon and Epictetus share with the reader the secrets of life in harmony with the world.Prudence as a quality of personality - the ability to make reasonable, deliberate, expedient decisions for their own good or the good of people in the space between the stimulus and the reaction.
A traveler walking along the river heard desperate children's cries. Running to the shore, he saw children drowning in the river and rushed to save them. Noticing a passing man, he called him for help. He began to help those who were still afloat. Seeing the third traveler, they called him for help, but he, ignoring the calls, only accelerated his steps. - Do you care about the fate of children? - asked his rescuers. He answered them: - I see that you two are still coping. I'd rather run to the turnoff and find out why the children fall into the river and try to prevent it.
Prudence in company with moderation, justice and courage is one of the four cardinal human virtues. In the language of allegory, she is depicted with three male faces - a young man, a mature man and an old man, looking in different directions and implying time with its three aspects - past, present and future. AT ancient egypt the three aspects of time were personified by the statue of the sun god Serapis, who has three heads - a wolf, a lion and a dog: the wolf devours the past; the lion is the courage that the present calls for; dog - flattering, she scatters human thoughts about future. In the Renaissance, this image merged with the three-headed human personification of Prudence, forming a single whole. Titian depicts three male heads turning into three animal heads, with the inscription "Based on past experience - the present acts prudently - so as not to harm the future."
Prudence means to live under the dictation of the mind, in everyday everyday understanding it implies wise, far-sighted, rational behavior in which a person best implements his knowledge and skills. It must become a habit. But far from always a person in the space between the stimulus and the reaction makes the optimal decision, for which he will not have to blush in front of people later, and which he himself will not have to regret later. So you want to make the only right choice, but, nevertheless, a person’s actions are determined by his thoughts, and they are determined by the current level of his consciousness. In other words, prudence depends on the current level of consciousness. A fool acts foolishly, a rational one acts rationally, a judicious one acts judiciously. Therefore, it is possible to improve the "quality" of one's prudence by working on one's character, developing one's merits, and striving to cultivate in oneself the best positive qualities of a person.
Prudence is the use of reason for good. You can subsequently regret that you did the wrong thing, didn’t finish it, didn’t finish it, didn’t finish it, didn’t see it through, didn’t cope, but these are all feelings and emotions - at that moment, each person acted as prudently, as far as his level of consciousness was prudent . Today, for sure, he would have acted differently, more prudently, because the level of consciousness has changed. Ten years later, a person may again regret his imprudence, not realizing that at every moment of his life he is acting in full accordance with his current level of consciousness.
Prudence is a tool for achieving happiness. But it all depends on the owner of this instrument, on his taste of happiness. If we lived in a society where selfless service to people was the dominant quality of the personality, prudence would be realized under the conditions: “To act wisely means to be in complete harmony with outside world and with oneself”, “Prudence is full compliance with the laws of the universe (“What you sow, you will reap”, “Like attracts like”, etc.). If you follow the Christian tradition, to show prudence means to fulfill two main commandments: to love God and to love people.
However, we live in a material world dominated by egoism and self-interest. Behavior here is motivated, as a rule, only by self-interest. Therefore, prudence, tied to the egoism of the individual, acquires its own specific features: commercialism, dryness, soullessness, prudence, narrowness of motivation and ignorance. A person in ignorance, for example, an alcoholic, acts, in his opinion, prudently, leaving a “hangover” in the morning. He knows: “If it’s good in the morning, it means that you drank badly; if you drank well, it means that it’s bad in the morning.” For him, happiness is in a bottle, and he prudently hides a little from his drinking companions in the morning. The killer removes witnesses, from his point of view, he acts prudently. The stealing official, leaving for a new place of service, destroys all accounting documents under the pretext that the archive where they were stored was flooded. When a revision arrives, and there is nothing to check, he rejoices and is proud of his prudence. A person who sees happiness in material wealth, financial well-being has the corresponding prudence. For example, in a crisis, a general non-repayment of loans began, it was believed: "Only a coward gives a loan." The borrower who repaid the loan was looked upon as an imprudent spender. In a word, in a selfish society, “prudence,” according to L. Valla, “consists in being able to foresee what is beneficial for oneself and avoid what is disadvantageous.”
The prudence of one and the same act cannot be “one for all, we will not stand up for the price”, it is relative, because it is subject to various assessments, and everyone, as you know, has his own truth. Prudence is inseparable from expediency. Consider the situation. The drunk driver fell asleep at the wheel and killed two children waiting for the bus at the bus stop. Let's take a look from the judge's chair. The judge must be fair and at the same time make a decision in accordance with the law. He, of course, condemns the murderer and, if it were his will, would give him a life sentence, but the law does not allow him to obey the voice of his heart. We have to pass a sentence that humiliates and dumbfounds the heartbroken parents with its injustice. Seven years in two lives. Where is the prudence of the state? The judge guiltily calls the parents of the murdered children to prudence, that is, to humility and accepting justice as a measure of punishment. Prudence has turned into callousness, for the law and the state are callous to injured parents, to the judge, who becomes an involuntary accomplice to arbitrariness, and to those around them, who, observing this, become callous themselves.
How prudent a person is, how prudent his goal is. Only the one who goes to his own, and not to someone else's goal is prudent. Can you call a prudent miser or a greedy person who has been saving money all his life for a "rainy day" and then overnight leaving an inheritance to hardly known heirs? Is a person prudent who worked three jobs, added ruble to ruble, denied himself everything, lost all his health, just to build a summer house or buy a "cool car"? He built a cottage, but there is no happiness. The goal turned out to be false, formed under the influence of stereotypes and the influence of others. In the country, you need to work hard, it turns out that not only we love apples, caterpillars also love them, and not only we want to taste potatoes, Colorado beetles are also not averse to eating them. It turns out that so much mental and physical strength has been unreasonably spent. There is a dacha, but in the soul there is emptiness and bitter disappointment. Happiness is a journey to the goal along a favorite route. If the journey makes every day a holiday, then a person goes to his goal and, therefore, acts prudently.
A person who does not know how to control his feelings does not have prudence. Feelings, as such, cannot be reasonable. F. La Rochefoucauld remarked: “Prudence and love are not made for each other: as love grows, prudence decreases.” Feelings are the prerogative of the mind, not the mind. The mind likes to feel affection, to hear praise and compliments, to receive all kinds of pleasures and satisfy the most secret desires. The mind depends on the senses, and in this there is a lack of freedom, something slavish. It is on this addiction (greed for pleasures and material wealth) that manipulators of all stripes catch their victims. Fortunately, in human body a mechanism of prudence is built in, capable of taking its owner out of the blow of dodgers in time. It protects against rash actions in situations where the size of threats exceeds the possible positive consequences of actions, protects against recklessness in all its manifestations, allows you to avoid extremes and observe the measure everywhere and in everything.
Petr Kovalev 2013
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