An example of a biological factor in human evolution test. Biology test: "The origin of man" (2 options)
Option number 1
What class does the person belong to?
a) primates c) mammals
b) chordates d) vertebrates
The earliest human ancestors are...
a) Cro-Magnons c) Pithecanthropes
b) Neanderthals d) Australopithecus
Human features include...
a) 46 chromosomes c) differentiation of teeth
b) live birth d) presence of mammary glands
Under the letter "A" in the figure is ...
a) trachea
b) liver
in the heart
d) diaphragm
e) stomach
g) easy
The volume of the brain is up to 500-600 cm 3. High eyebrows and the absence of a chin protrusion. They did not speak. They lived in groups, the females took care of the children, the males got food. Who fits this description?
Man belongs to the class of mammals, because he has ...
a) fingers have nail plates
b) the brain has 5 sections
c) the internal skeleton is formed, the basis of which is the spine
d) there is a diaphragm and mammary glands
What letter denotes the illustration of human atavism?
A sign of the type of chordates is ...
a) pulmonary respiration
b) formation of the neural tube above the notochord
c) a closed circulatory system
d) the presence of a diaphragm
Representatives of the class of mammals are characterized by ...
a) laying of the notochord in the early stages of embryonic development
b) closed circulatory system
c) a diaphragm that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
d) flat fingernails
The chin protrusion has received some development. The left side of the brain was somewhat larger than the right, that is, there was a brain asymmetry. They were skilled stonemasons. Skillfully used fire. They were engaged in hunting and gathering. They used clothes made from animal skins. Who fits this description?
a) Pithecanthropus b) Australopithecus
b) Neanderthals d) Cro-Magnons
Topic 2. The origin of man
Read the assignment carefully. Think over the answer and find it among the suggested options. Write the corresponding letter in the answer matrix that you need to draw in your notebook for verification work.
Option number 2
What type is the person?
a) chordates c) vertebrates
b) primates d) mammals
How many human species exist on Earth at the present time?
What traits are not passed from ancestors to offspring?
a) skin color c) instincts
b) conditioned reflexes d) the shape and color of the eyes
Under the letter "B" in the figure is ...
a) trachea
b) liver
in the heart
d) diaphragm
e) stomach
g) easy
5. The volume of the brain - 1100 cm 3. Many primitive features have been preserved: powerful brow ridges, heavy massive jaw. They led an active lifestyle. They made primitive tools, were ferocious hunters. Who fits this description?
a) Australopithecus c) Neanderthals
b) Pithecanthropes d) Cro-Magnons
6. What order does a person belong to?
a) insectivores c) rodents
b) predatory d) primates
Which of the following applies to human atavism?
a) third eyelid c) auricle with Darwinian tubercle
b) the presence of a tail d) the ability to move the ears
8. What letter indicates the illustration of the rudiment of a person?
9. What human organs are rudimentary?
a) multitasking
b) strong hair growth of the whole body
c) appendix - a process of the caecum
d) tailing
The volume of the brain is up to 1800 cm 3. A high forehead, the absence of superciliary ridges and a well-developed chin protrusion. The frontal and temporal lobes have reached their final development. They made a variety of tools from stone, bone, horn. They knew how to drill, grind their products. The arts developed: painting and sculpture. They were skilled hunters.
a) Neanderthals c) Australopithecus
b) Cro-Magnons d) Pithecanthropes
VERIFICATION AND EVALUATION
Response codes
Topic 2. The origin of man
Option number 1
Option number 2
Human Origins
Evidence for evolutionary human origin
Option 1
1 . What was the name of a group of great apesconsisting of the earliest primates?
1) anthropoids
2) pongids
3) hominids
4) tarsiers
2 . Which monkeys are not pongids?
1) chimpanzee
2) gorilla
3) orangutan
4) capuchins
3 . Which scientist first suppressed a person into one grouppu with primates?
1) Ch. Darwin
2) J.B. Lamarck
3) K. Linnaeus
4) T. Huxley
4. What biological feature does not characterizekind of a reasonable man?
1) large brain volume
2) strong jaws
3) the predominance of the cerebral part of the skull over the facial
4) upright posture
5 . What does the australopithecine stage correspond to in evolutionhominid families?
1) archanthrope
2) paleoanthrope
3) protoanthrope
4) neoanthrope
6 . What is the name of the oldest man, fossilswhose remains were found on the island of Java?
1) protoanthrope
2) Pithecanthropus
3) paleoanthropist
4) synanthropus
7 . What modern people appeared on Earth40-30 thousand years ago and continue to live today?
1) neoanthropes
2) archanthropes
3) Neanderthals
4) paleoanthropes
8 . At what stage of the formation of man as a biologicalWhat kind of ancient people appeared - Neanderthals?1) at the stage of neoanthropes
2) at the stage of archanthropes
3) at the stage of protoanthropes
4) at the stage of paleoanthropes
9 .To what systematic group of the Mammals class does Homo sapiens belong?
1) marsupials
2) rodents
3) predatory
4) primates
10 .Which of the driving forces of human evolution has a biological nature?
1) articulate speech
2) the ability to tool activity
3) heredity
11. The first to learn how to use fire
1) australopithecines
2) pithecanthropes
3) Neanderthals
4) Cro-Magnons
12. Which of the following is an example of a rudiment in humans?
1) excessive hairiness
2) the presence of the coccyx
3) the presence of a tail
4) additional mammary glands
13. In humans, unlike mammals
1) the upper limb consists of the shoulder, forearm and hand
2) the brush is hook-shaped, with an underdeveloped thumb
3) the lower jaw is connected to the skull movably
4) the thumb forms a right angle with respect to other fingers
14. What is the difference between Homo sapiens and animals?
1) development of peripheral nervous system
2) the presence of two circles of blood circulation
3)developmentS-shaped spine
4) the formation of three germ layers during embryonic development
15. What trait in humans in the process of evolution arose earlier than others?
1) speech
2) consciousness
3) regular work activity
4) bipedalism
16. What does the presence of a tail in human embryos at an early stage of its development indicate?
1) about development with complete transformation
2) about the variability of organisms
3) about the origin of man from animals
4) about deviations in its development
17. Scientists refer to the group of ancient people
1) Australopithecus
2) Cro-Magnon
3) Neanderthal
4) Pithecanthropus
18. Consider the figure, which shows the fossil ancestors of the genus Man in the chronological order of their appearance on Earth. Under what number is Homo erectus depicted on it?
1)1
2)2
3)3
4)4
19.
1) the presence of teeth in the holes of the jaws
2) the ability to regulate your body temperature
3) the presence of a nervous system
4) alveolar structure of the lungs
5) laying in the embryos of the neural tube above the chord
6) the presence of an arched foot
20 used in the systematics of man, starting with the mostlarge.
1) hominids
2) primates
3) chordates
4) man
5) mammals
6) a reasonable person
21.
labor activityB)
abstract thinking
AT)
insulation
G)
mutational variability
D)
population waves
E)
second signal system
biological2)
social
Human Origins (anthropogenesis). The evolution of primates.
Evidence for evolutionary human origin
Option 2
1
. What were the extinct arboreal humans called?different monkeys that are the ancestors of moderngreat apes and humans?
1) hominids 3) driopithecus
2) tarsiers 4) pongids
2 . Which pre-existing group of tarsierhidden in the evolutionary trunk of the monkeys of the OldSveta?
1) lemurs 3) ramapithecus
2) necrolemurs 4) baboons
3
. Which scientist for the first time in his work proved the relationshipman with great apes?
1) K. Linnaeus2) T. Huxley
3) J.B. Lamarck4) Ch. Darwin
4 . What property of the species Homo sapiens is notsocial?
1) big brain box
2) the creation and use of tools
3) consciousness and speech
4) public lifestyle
5 . How is the word "Australia" translated from Latin?lopithecus"?
1) Australian monkey|
2) the oldest monkey
3) great ape
4) southern monkey
6 . Fossils of what ancient manwere found near Beijing?
1) Pithecanthropus
2) paleoanthrope
3) synanthropus
4) Australopithecus
7. What are the names of the first representatives of biologicalkind of Homo sapiens?
1) australopithecines
2) Cro-Magnons
3) Neanderthals
4) paleoanthropes
8. At what stage did Sinanthropus and Pithecanthus appear?rops?
1) at the stage of archanthropes
2) at the stage of paleoanthropes
3) at the stage of neoanthropes
4) at the stage of protoanthropes
9. Which of the following structural features of the human skull is an adaptation to speech?
1) the presence of a protruding chin
2) vertical forehead
3) fusion of the bones of the skull
4) enlarged in comparison with the facial brain part of the skull
10. In humans, unlike the orangutan
1) more facial part of the skull
2) more brain volume
3) the upper limbs are longer than the lower ones
4) the chest is formed by ribs
11. What factor of human evolution is considered to be social?
1) labor activity
2) hereditary variability
3) struggle for existence
4) natural selection
12. Which feature of the class Mammals is characteristic of humans?
1) diaphragm
2) pulmonary respiration
3)head and spinal cord
4) closed circulatory system
13. Which of the representatives of the genus Man belongs to the presented images of rock paintings?
1) Pithecanthropus
2) Neanderthal
3) Cro-Magnon
4) Australopithecus
14. To the group of ancient people, scientists include
1) Cro-Magnons
2) australopithecines
3) Neanderthals
4) synanthropes
15. Determine the correct sequence of the main stages of human evolution.
1) ancient people⇒ forerunners of humans⇒ Neanderthals⇒ cro-magnons
2) the predecessors of people⇒ ancient people⇒ Neanderthals ⇒ Cro-Magnons
3) Cro-Magnons ⇒ Neanderthals ⇒ predecessors of people ⇒ ancient people
4) Neanderthals⇒ ancient people⇒ forerunners of humans⇒ cro-magnons
16. What human trait is a trait of chordate type animals?
1) lungs, consisting of alveoli
2) the nervous system of the nodal type
3) hairline
4) gill slits in the wall of the pharynx of the embryo
17. What contributed to the emergence of upright posture in humans?
1) settling new territories
2) faster ground movement
3) closer communication between people
4 ) freeing the hand and developing labor activity
18. Consider the figure, which shows the fossil ancestors of the genus Man in the chronological order of their appearance on Earth. Under what number is a Cro-Magnon on it, if under the number 1 is an Australopithecus?
1)5
2)4
3)3
4)2
19. How are humans classified as Mammals? Choose three correct answers from six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) tubular type nervous system
2) gill slits on the pharynx of the embryo
3) four-chambered heart
4) auricles
5) the skeleton of the upper and lower limbs
6) furrows and gyrus in the cortex hemispheres
20. Establish a correspondence between the example and the factor of anthropogenesis for which it is characteristic.
second signal systemB)
manifestation of mutations
AT)
struggle for existence
G)
transfer of accumulated experience
D)
traditions and rituals
E)
insulation
biological2)
social
21 .Set the chronological sequence of taxa,used in the systematics of man, starting with the smallest
1) vertebrates
2) a reasonable person
3) chordates
4) man
5) mammals
6) eukaryotes
(topic "Human Evolution")
Option 1
A1. Human evolution, in contrast to the evolution of the plant and animal world, occurs under the influence of:
biological and social factors 3) only social factors
only biological factors 4) to a greater extent biological factors
A2. Morphological and physiological changes in the ancestors of a person that contributed to its formation are called:
modifications 3) degeneration
biological regression 4) anthropomorphoses
A3. Bipedalism is considered an important change in human evolution, as it contributed to:
closer communication of human ancestors
faster ground movement
liberation of the hand and development of labor activity
settlement of new territories
A4. The closest common ancestor of humans and great apes is considered to be:
Dryopithecus 3) Australopithecus
Pithecanthropus 4) Sinanthropus
A5. Homo erectus includes:
Neanderthal 3) Pithecanthropus
Australopithecus 4) Cro-Magnon
A6. The public way of life, the use of fire, the construction of dwellings first appeared in:
Neanderthals 3) Australopithecus
Sinanthropes 4) Cro-Magnons
A7. The manufacture of complex tools, the construction of settlements, the emergence of agriculture was characteristic of:
Neanderthals 3) Cro-Magnons
Pithecanthropus 4) modern man
A8. The oldest people are:
Neanderthals and Pithecanthropes 3) Pithecanthropes and Sinanthropes
Australopithecus and Neanderthals 4) Driopithecus and Pithecanthropus
A9. One result of Neanderthal evolution was:
upright posture 3) use of tools
appearance of primitive speech 4) change in the shape of the skull
A10. Human evolution is
macroevolution 3) organogenesis
microevolution 4) anthropogenesis
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. It is believed that the ancient people:
A. no longer had powerful brow ridges
B. the mass of the brain reached 600g.
B. hunted buffalo, rhinoceros, deer
D. Missing chin protrusion
D. brain mass reached 800 - 1000 g.
E. knew how to use fire
keeping fire A. pithecanthropus
care for others B. neanderthal
making fire
simple forms of collective activity
speech consisting of separate cries
the beginnings of articulate speech
C1. What is the evidence for the origin of man from animals?
C2. What are the main stages of anthropogenesis?
(topic "Human Evolution")
Test option number 2
The test consists of 3 parts.
The first part contains questions under the letter A. In them, you need to choose only one correct answer.
The second part contains questions under the letter B. These tasks can be:
or a choice of several correct answers;
assignments for establishing correspondences of positions between processes and objects, as well as a description of their properties and characteristics;
tasks for determining the sequence of biological phenomena or processes
The third part (under the letter "C") includes a detailed answer to the question posed.
A1. In the early stages of human evolution, in the era of Pithecanthropes, leading role factors played:
social 3) biological
predominantly social 4) biological and social factors
A2. The unity of the team members, communication, first with the help of sounds, and then words, contributed to (o)
bipedalism 3) walking on the ground
labor activity 4) eating meat food
A3. The main difference between human labor activity and animal behavior is:
making tools
use of items environment to protect against predators
using environmental objects for hunting
use of environmental objects for land cultivation
A4. The oldest people are:
Neanderthal 3) Australopithecus
pithecanthropus 4) driopithecus
A5. The appearance of tribal communities, rituals, rock art is typical for:
Neanderthals 3) modern man
Pithecanthropus 4) Cro-Magnons
A6. The manufacture of primitive tools, the maintenance of fire was already typical for:
Australopithecus 4) Cro-Magnons
A7. The stages of the predecessor of man in his evolution correspond to:
dryopithecus 3) Neanderthals
Pithecanthropus 4) Australopithecus
A8. The ability to use primitive Australopithecus tools was associated with:
an increase in brain volume 3) a change in the structure of teeth
the appearance of a five-fingered limb 4) flexibility of the hand and opposition of the 1st finger
A9. The manufacture of complex machines and mechanisms, the development of science, art, technology is typical for:
Neanderthals 3) Pithecanthropes
modern man 4) Cro-Magnons
A10. The decisive step on the path to man was the appearance of:
social lifestyle 3) articulate speech
tool of labor 4) upright posture
IN 1. Choose a few correct statements. It is believed that ancient people:
A. They lived in Europe, Asia, Africa from 300 thousand years to 30 thousand years ago
B. Lived in Africa from 300 thousand years to 30 thousand years ago
C. Late European Neanderthals are characterized by: a strong development of the brow, a wide cavity of molars, an occipital ridge, the volume of the brain cavity from 1350 to 1700 cm 3.
D. It is believed that the Neanderthals of Europe are the descendants of migrants from Africa.
D. Stone processing was characterized high level splitting techniques and secondary processing of flakes
E. Late Neanderthals are characterized by the burial of the dead
IN 2. Find a correspondence between the signs characteristic of humans and representatives among fossil forms of man:
social lifestyle A. neanderthal
use of fire B. Cro-Magnon
appearance of rites
housing construction
appearance of rock art
tribal communities emerged
C1. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
How is it proved that all races belong to the same species Homo sapiens?
C2. Give a detailed answer to the following question.
What is the role of biological and social factors in the process of human evolution?
Key answers to the test on the origin of man.
question number
option
A(1,4,5) B(2,3,6)
A(1,2,4) B(3,5,6)
In human evolution, the initial milestones in the development of art are found among |
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The presence of an appendix in a person is one of the evidence |
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Why do some people have atavisms?
What confirms the relationship between humans and mammals? |
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The biological factor that ensured the development of thinking and labor activity of a person at an early stage of evolution is considered |
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In the human skeleton, unlike the great apes, the |
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The social nature of man is manifested in |
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In the human brain, unlike other mammals, centers appear in the process of evolution. |
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Man is different from other living beings |
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Embryological proof of the evolution of vertebrates is the development of the embryo from |
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Labor activity, thinking, speech, which played an important role in the development of human ancestors, are among the factors of evolution. |
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The similarity between humans and mammals indicates |
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To driving forces anthropogenesis include |
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What was the significance of the acquisition of dark skin color by people of the Negroid race? |
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What factors of anthropogenesis can be classified as biological? |
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Development in humans is considered a manifestation of atavism. |
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In the early stages of human evolution, under the control of biological factors, the formation of |
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The coccygeal bone, appendix, the remnant of the third eyelid in the corner of the human eye is |
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In connection with upright posture in humans |
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The human skull is different from the skulls of other mammals. |
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The presence of a tail in a human embryo at an early stage of development indicates |
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Man, like apes, has |
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The presence in humans, as in other mammals, of live births, feeding of young with milk indicates |
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What are the characteristics of humans and mammals? |
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The formation of human races went in the direction of adaptation to |
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The appearance of bends in the human spine, unlike animals, |
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Man, unlike vertebrates, |
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Explain why people of different races are classified as the same species.
What is the similarity of the human skeleton and mammals?
the spine has five sections |
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the foot has an arch |
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the brain region of the skull is larger than the facial |
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have paired articular limbs |
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there are seven vertebrae in the cervical region |
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spine shape - S-shaped |
The curves of the human spine are associated with
Which group of evidence for evolution include the presence of a coccyx and a process of the caecum in humans?
The rudimentary human organs are
What features have been formed in a person in connection with labor activity?
arched foot |
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development of the clavicles in the shoulder girdle |
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bowl-shaped pelvis |
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complication of the cerebral cortex |
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opposition of the thumb to all others |
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speech and thinking |
Factors of human evolution
In the early stages of human evolution dominated biological factors evolution - variability, struggle for existence, natural selection, etc.
In the later stages of human evolution, the main social factors evolution - a social way of life, the use of tools, the use of fire, the development of speech.
Stages of human evolution
Races
These are divisions within a species adapted to specific conditions. Races are found in all widespread species. In humans, 3 large races are distinguished (Negroids, Caucasians, Mongoloids).
Racist theory (racism) rejects the unity of the human races, i.e. claims that different races of man are descended from different ancestors. This is not true, all human races easily interbreed and give fertile offspring, i.e. belong to the same species.
Differences between humans and apes
Speech, chin protrusion.
Second signal system, big brain, the brain part of the skull is larger than the front.
Labor activity(creation and use of tools), the thumb is opposed to the rest and well developed.
bipedalism: arched foot, extended pelvis, curves in the spine (S-shaped spine), chest expanded to the sides.
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. The racial theory is based on the denial
1) similarities between humans and anthropoids
2) the unity of the origin of human races
3) human belonging to primates
4) morphological unity of races
Answer
Choose three options. Man is different from animals
1) has a cerebral cortex
2) forms various natural populations
3) has a second signal system
4) can create an artificial habitat
5) has the first signal system
6) can create and use tools
Answer
Choose three options. Man, unlike animals
1) affects the environment in the process of life
2) has an S-shaped spine
3) forms various populations
4) has the first signal system
5) has a second signal system
6) creates and uses tools
Answer
Choose three options. In humans, unlike mammals
1) the body is vertical
2) the spine does not have bends
3) the spine forms four smooth bends
4) the chest is expanded to the sides
5) the chest is compressed from the sides
6) the facial part of the skull prevails over the brain
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. The second human signaling system is
1) conditioned reflexes
2) unconditioned reflexes
3) speech
4) instincts
Answer
1. Establish a correspondence between the example and the anthropogenesis factor that illustrates it: 1) biological, 2) social
A) spatial isolation
B) genetic drift
B) speech
D) abstract thinking
D) social labor activity
E) population waves
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between the example and the factor of anthropogenesis for which it is characteristic: 1) biological, 2) social
A) work activity
B) abstract thinking
B) isolation
D) mutational variability
D) population waves
E) second signaling system
Answer
Choose three options. Which of the following features characterize the social factors of human evolution?
1) public lifestyle
2) the ability to transmit acquired traits by inheritance
3) abstract thinking and speech
4) joint labor activity
5) modification variability
6) natural selection and care for offspring
Answer
Specify historical sequence main stages of anthropogenesis
1) Modern man
2) Australopithecus
3) Cro-Magnon
4) Pithecanthropus
5) Neanderthal
Answer
Set the chronological sequence of anthropogenesis
1) skillful person
2) Homo erectus
3) driopithecus
4) a reasonable person
Answer
Choose three features of the skeleton that are unique to humans
1) the presence of clavicles
2) the presence of a chin protrusion
3) lightening the bone mass of the upper limbs
4) the presence of five-fingered limbs
5) S-shape of the spinal column
6) arched foot
Answer
1. Choose three options. In connection with upright posture in humans
1) upper limbs are released
2) the foot becomes arched
3) the thumb is opposed to the rest
4) the pelvis expands, its bones grow together
5) the brain region of the skull is smaller than the facial
6) hairline decreases
Answer
2. Choose three correct answers from six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. The adaptations of a person to walking upright are the following signs:
1) the human spinal column has acquired distinct bow-shaped bends, two of which are directed forward, the other two are backward
2) the thumb is opposed to all the rest
3) development of the cerebral cortex
4) the formation of the arched structure of the foot
5) rotation of the pelvis and its sharp expansion
6) the presence of a diaphragm
Answer
3. Choose three correct answers from six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. In humans, due to upright posture
1) the spine forms four bends
2) the bones in the joints are connected movably
3) the fingers of the hand are connected to the metacarpus
4) the belt of the lower extremities is wide, has the form of a bowl
5) arch is well expressed in the foot
6) the thumb is opposed to all the rest
Answer
4. Choose three correct answers from six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. In humans, due to upright posture
1) the spine is S-shaped
2) the chest is flattened from the sides
3) the belt of the lower extremities is bowl-shaped
4) the mass of the vertebral bodies decreases from the cervical to the lumbar
5) the arch of the foot has formed
6) the bones of the upper limbs are more massive
Answer
Choose three options. The human skeleton, unlike the skeleton of mammals, has
1) straight spine without bends
2) chest, compressed in the dorsal-abdominal direction
3) chest, compressed from the sides
4) S-shaped spine
5) arched foot
6) massive facial part of the skull
Answer
Choose three options. What are the similarities between the human skeleton and the skeletons of mammals?
1) the spine has five sections
2) the foot has an arch
3) the cerebral part of the skull is larger than the facial
4) there are paired articular limbs
5) there are seven vertebrae in the cervical region
6) the shape of the spine is S-shaped
Answer
Establish the sequence of evolution of the fossil ancestors of modern man in chronological order. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) African Australopithecus
2) reasonable Neanderthal man
3) Pithecanthropus
4) driopithecus (xeniapithecus)
5) skillful person
Answer
1. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down in the answer the numbers under which they are indicated. In a person, in connection with labor activity, the following specific features have been formed:
1) fine motor skills of hands
2) abstract thinking and speech
3) bowl-shaped pelvis
4) S-shaped spine
5) arched foot
6) a significant increase in the size of the brain
Answer
2. Choose three options. What features have been formed in a person in connection with labor activity?
1) arched foot
2) development of the clavicles in the shoulder girdle
3) bowl-shaped pelvis
4) complication of the cerebral cortex
5) opposing the thumb to everyone else
6) speech and thinking
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. The adaptability of a person to work activity is manifested in
1) movable connection of bones
2) the presence of different parts of the brain
3) the presence of five fingers
4) Diversity of hand functions
Answer
Analyze the table "Differences in the structure of man and great apes." For each cell marked with a letter, select the appropriate term from the list provided. Write down the chosen numbers, in the order corresponding to the letters.
1) the facial part of the skull predominates, there are solid superciliary ridges, there is no chin protrusion, the brain volume is about 700 cm3
2) the arms are longer than the legs, the big toe is opposed to the rest, there is an arch of the foot
3) chest
4) cervical and lumbar spine
5) the facial part of the skull predominates, there are superciliary arches, the chin protrusion is poorly developed, the brain volume is about 1100 cm3
6) thoracic and sacral spine
7) legs longer than arms, the thumb is opposed to the rest, the foot is arched
8) spine
Answer
Set the chronological sequence of the stages of anthropogenesis. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) Australopithecus
2) skillful person
3) Homo erectus
4) Neanderthal
5) Cro-Magnon
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. What feature of a person was formed under the influence of biological factors of anthropogenesis?
1) making tools
2) joint work
3) the appearance of the diaphragm
4) arched foot
Answer
Establish a correspondence between the signs and representatives of the class Mammals, for which these signs are characteristic: 1) an ordinary chimpanzee, 2) a reasonable person. Write down the numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) the predominance of the facial part of the skull over the brain
B) the belt of the lower extremities in the form of a bowl
B) arched foot
D) the presence of a chin protrusion
D) developed superciliary arches
E) laterally compressed chest
Answer
© D.V. Pozdnyakov, 2009-2019
HUMAN EVOLUTION. RACES OF HUMAN
Option 1
Exercise. Choose one correct answer.
1. The fossil group of primates that gave rise to ape-like and human-like creatures is called:
A. Ramapithecus
B. Dryopithecus
B. australopithecines
2. The first representative of the Hominid family, who lived on the territory of modern India and of Eastern Europe 14 million years ago, was:
A. Australopithecus
B. Pithecanthropus
V. Ramapitek
3. A descendant of Ramapithecus, found in South Africa, is considered:
A. Australopithecus
B. A skilled man
B. Homo sapiens
4. The first upright hominid who knew how to make primitive stone tools is:
A. A skilled person
B. Homo erectus
B. Homo sapiens
5. The most ancient people leading an active lifestyle, hunters who know how to use fire, are combined into a species:
A. A skilled person
B. Homo erectus
B. Homo sapiens
6. Ancient people with a height of 1 m 70 cm and a brain volume of up to 1600 cm3, who lived during the Ice Age, are called:
A. Cro-Magnons
B. Pithecanthropes
B. Neanderthals
7. Fossil people of the modern type, with developed speech and thinking, owning different types art are called:
A. Cro-Magnons
B. Neanderthals
V. Sinanthropus
8. For the first time, he clearly identified the signs of four races:
A. Francois Bernier
B. Charles Darwin
B. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
9. Hard straight hair, wide face, narrow palpebral fissure are signs of:
A. Caucasian race
B. Asian American
B. Equatorial race
10. A good heat insulator in the sun are:
A. Curly hair
B. Straight hair
B. Slightly wavy hair
Option 2
Exercise. Insert the missing word.
1. The fossil group of higher apes - ... gave rise to two evolutionary lines: the family ..., to which modern gorillas and chimpanzees belong, and the family ..., of which Man is a representative ...
2. 14 million years ago, the first representatives of hominids appeared - ..., eating ... food.
3. 3.5-1.0 million years ago on the African continent lived ...: upright walking creatures tall ... cm, using natural materials and resources to meet their needs.
4. Man... first learned to make stone..., walked freely on two legs and had more developed... limbs.
5. 1.0 million - 300 thousand years ago there were representatives of... people who make up the species Man..., whose main occupations were: collective..., making stone tools and collecting... food.
6. Ancient people who lived ... years ago, belong to the species Man ..., had a brain volume ... and a strong physique; lived in the ice age and learned to extract ...
7. People of the modern type are called ... and belong to the species Man ..., have growth ..., brain volume ...; as well as the ability to make clothes from ..., draw on ..., sculpt dishes from ...
8. A historically established group of people, united by a common origin, morphological and physiological characteristics, is called ...
9. Representatives of the equatorial race are characterized by: ... skin, ... hair, ... lips.
10. Caucasians have... skin, straight... hair,... a nose.
11. The representatives of the Asian-American race have hard ... hair, ... skin, ... face, skin fold ... eyelids.
Option 3
Exercise. Give a short answer of one or two sentences.
1. Name the descendants of driopithecus and explain what is their fundamental difference between them.
2. On the basis of what features can Ramapithecus and Australopithecus only conditionally be attributed to human ancestors?
4. What are the main evolutionary achievements of Homo erectus? What primitive features are preserved in his appearance?
5. What characterizes the period of habitation of ancient people?
6. What fossil people are classified as Homo sapiens? Justify your answer.
7. What reasons do you think led to the emergence within the species Homo sapiens of different human races? What proves the unity of origin of the human races?
8. Name the main features of the three main races and explain the biological meaning of their occurrence.
Option 4
Exercise. Give a complete detailed answer.
1. Distribute the names of various ancestral forms of modern man in chronological order: Pithecanthropus, skilled man, Neanderthal man, Cro-Magnon man, driopithecus, Sinanthropus, Homo sapiens, Homo erectus. What names are not included in this series and why?
2. In the textbook, consider the drawing on page 12 with the places of the alleged areas of the ancestral home of man. Explain why most of the sites of ancient people were found here?
3. Look at the picture of the human family tree on page 10 in the textbook. What are the main changes in the structure of the skull of human fossil ancestors that you noticed? With what it can be connected?
4. Review the textbook pictures at the bottom of pages 12 and 13. What are the important evolutionary advances in social sphere are they depicted? What is their meaning?
5. Complication of the brain, upright posture, improvement of the hand. Which of these morphological transformations do you think arose first? What are its causes and consequences?
6. Anthropological data show that over the past tens of thousands of years, the physical appearance of a person has not changed much. What is it connected with? Does this mean that human evolution has stopped?
7. Adherents of racism claim that there are "superior" and "inferior" races. What evidence can be given to refute this theory?