Works where common nouns are used. Common gender of nouns in Russian: definition, examples
This class consists of animate nouns with a person meaning. This term and the concept of common gender were introduced into grammar for the first time by M.V. Lomonosov: “Some names derived from verbs: crybaby, drunkard, hypocrite essence of the common genus. For the most part, these are words that are a qualitative characteristic of a person (most often negative): fidget, ignoramus, laughter, dirty, chatterbox, greedy, greedy, grimacing, crabby, goofball, gulena, rogue etc.; these are expressive words.
General gender words must have an ending -and I. Similar nouns denote both male and female persons, i.e. their gender depends on the specific semantics of the word. All words dependent on these nouns agree in gender in semantics: our slut is our slob, my braggart is my braggart.
The composition of words of the general gender also includes a small group of diminutive names: Zhenya, Valya, Shura, Sasha.
A special group is made up of surnames of the type Hugo, Zola, Shevchenko, Belykh, Chavchavadze.
Words of the type snake, saw hat, fox and others, which in syntactic conditionality are used to name an expressive characteristic. Such words, denoting both male and female persons, do not change their gender, and in speech all words dependent on them agree with them formally, and not in meaning, as words of a general gender. Wed: round orphan - round orphan. But: Black Pearl has been removed from the field(about the football player Pele) (From the newspapers).
Also in Russian there are words with unmarked gender meaning. These are words that indicate both male and female. For example, in the class of masculine words, there is a group of nouns that can denote both a male and a female person: teacher, philosopher, professor, engineer, boss, doctor, doctor etc. This group is large and productive, it includes primarily nouns with the meaning of a person by profession, occupation.
In a number of cases, correlates are formed from such words (the correlate is a member of a pair of mutually conditioned, correlative linguistic units) of the feminine gender, but in such a pair the masculine word acts as a general name for a person in a specialty, without indicating his gender: teacher is a teacher.
The feminine correlate to such nouns may be stylistically neutral ( teacher), but may be stylistically reduced ( boss - colloquial, doctor - vernacular). In speech practice, the gender of such nouns is expressed syntactically: The doctor came - The doctor came.
Another group of words with an unmarked meaning are nouns denoting animals, fish, birds, insects. This includes masculine nouns. mosquito, sable, thrush, carp etc.; feminine nouns chicken, pike, cuckoo, fly etc.
Place of work, position: - teacher of Russian language and literature Starotyaberdinskaya school Kaybitsky district
Region: — Republic of Tatarstan
Characteristics of the lesson (class) Level of education: - secondary (complete) general education
Target audience: – Teacher (teacher)
Class(es): – 6th grade
Subject(s): – Russian language
The purpose of the lesson: - to give the concept of common nouns, to teach how to use them correctly in speech; development of skills in determining the gender of such nouns; cultivating a respectful and kind attitude towards comrades.
Lesson type: - Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge
Equipment used: -
multimedia projector, disk “Russian language. Morphology. 5-6 grades", slides
Short description: - There are a lot of entities in the Russian language that characterize various qualities of a person. Many of them you don't even know the meaning of.
NOUNS OF THE GENERAL GENDER.
The purpose of the lesson:
. give the concept of common nouns, teach how to use them correctly in speech;
. development of skills in determining the gender of such nouns;
. cultivating a respectful and kind attitude towards comrades.
Equipment:
. multimedia projector, disk “Russian language. Morphology. 5-6 grades", slides
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizing time. Introduction to a new topic.
The topic, the purpose of the lesson are reported.
front poll. Game "Yes-no". I will read your questions. If you agree with the question, write "+", and if not, write "-". Ready?
- 1. Is the noun the main member of the sentence?
+2. Does the noun refer to an object?
+ 3. Do most nouns change in numbers and cases?
- 4. Is the word "Kazan" a common noun?
+ 5. Does a noun have 3 genders?
- 6. All these words exist: house, notebook, winter?
+7. Is man an animated being?
-eight. Are all these words existent, cf.: window, on the table, field, sea?
+9. Are all these nouns 1 declension: dad, uncle, mom?
+10. In a sentence, nouns are most often subjects, objects, and circumstances?
2. Repetition of the topics covered:
(slide 2) Insert the missing letters and determine the gender and declension of entities
deep ... night ..., sharp ... knife ..., childish ... crying ..., sang ... birth ...
friendly ... help ..., forest ... deaf ..., green ... reeds ...
3. (slide 3) Indicate the line in which the words of masculine, feminine and neuter occur.
a) A gloomy day is brighter from a smile.
b) Suddenly the clouds will dance, and the grasshopper will chirp on the violin.
c) The river starts from the blue stream.
d) From a smile in the sky, a rainbow will light up.
(slide 4) We will do the next task in groups: 1 option - distribute the words in the rows of the table the following words: pencil, clothes, pen, cookie, plate, sky, machine, key, egg, porch, wheel, pine, window, carrot , notebook, man, quality, house.
Option 2 - distribute nouns by gender in three columns. Write the words in the nominative case, singular.
Things, apples, bread, rings, books, pencil cases, guns, balls, smart girls.
Now let's see if we've done our job? (slide 5)
Well done boys! And now let's get back to the word "clever" in the first sentence of slide 6. Guess who we are talking about - a boy or a girl?
H. Study new topic.
.
1. "Clever girl!" grandmother said to her grandson.
2. Tikhonya was in no hurry to go home.
3. Our Masha is a braggart.
- How can you determine to which genus the words clever, quiet, braggart belong? What words will help us in determining the kind of given entities? (clever - to the boy, quiet - to the boy, braggart - to the girl)
- What do these words mean? (qualities of people, male and female persons)
Conclusion: Clever, Quiet, Boastful - words of a general kind. Thus, today in the lesson we will talk about common nouns. These are nouns ending in -а, -я, which are both masculine and feminine. The genus of these entities must be determined by reference words.
clever - grandson (masculine)
quiet - in a hurry (and not in a hurry), (masculine)
braggart - Masha (feminine)
Conclusion: Common nouns are masculine if they designate masculine persons, and are feminine if they designate feminine persons.
And now let's listen to the explanation of the new topic in the electronic textbook.
(work with disk - electronic textbook)
- Understood the topic. And now, based on the knowledge gained, we will do the tasks.
(slide 10) Determine the gender of the underlined entity:
Masha is an orphan
Seryozha is a bully
Tanya is a know-it-all
Olya - fidget
Cyril is a know-it-all
(slide 11) Put the correct ending of the adjective or verb in the past tense: (in writing)
1. A well-known doctor Ivanov came to visit us.
2. The well-known doctor Ivanova came to visit us.
3. Famous ... conductor Semyonov was ... glad ... to be invited abroad.
4. Famous ... conductor Semenov was ... glad ... to be invited abroad.
(slide 12) Correct the mistakes in matching common nouns with verbs and adjectives.
Petya is an orphan.
Lena is very smart.
Valera is a big wimp.
Marina is a hard worker.
Chief engineer of our plant Sidorova
invited everyone to the meeting.
Petrov's tram driver was recognized as the best on the route.
There are a lot of entities in the Russian language that characterize various qualities of a person. Many of them you don't even know the meaning of. Let's get acquainted with the interpretation of such entities.
(slide 13)
. Chatterbox - idle talker (one who talks nonsense).
. Sneak - 1) petty denunciation, slander; 2) the same as the snitch.
. Tikhonya is a quiet, meek person.
. Sonya is a sleepy person who likes to sleep a lot.
. A crybaby is someone who cries a lot and often.
. Couch potato - lazy, loafer.
. Fidget is a very mobile, fussy, restless child.
. A bully is someone who likes to start fights, quarrels.
. A slob is a sloppy person (sloppy, devoid of neatness).
. Beloruchka - one or the other who eschews physical or generally difficult, rough work.
Think about when you can use these words: when talking about good man or bad?
(slide 14) - Guys, using these examples, we made sure that words of a general gender can have positive and negative emotional coloring in the characteristics of people, males and females. Think about whether there are such words in the Tatar language? (maturym, altynym, appagym, akylym)
(Slide 16) In which lines are words not only of a common gender.
a) saleswoman, clever, hard worker, roar
b) a slob, a klutz, a bore, a wretch
c) bully, beauty, fidget, greedy
d) crybaby, razinya, krivlyak, orphan
(slide 17) Guess the riddle. Find the hidden generic noun in it.
Angry touchy
Lives in the wilderness of the forest.
Too many needles
And not a single thread. (hedgehog) touchy - touchy, overly scrupulous person)
(slide 18) The game "Translator"
1) Who will quickly replace words in phrases with synonyms?
2) According to the meanings of the words, guess the words of the general gender that have a positive emotional connotation.
a) A very hardworking, diligent person - (hard worker, hard worker)
b) smart person - (clever)
c) an untidy, dirty person - (dirty, slovenly))
d) one who cries a lot and often - (crybaby)
e) an absent-minded, inattentive person - (razin),
f) a person who is conceited - (arrogant)
(Slide 19) - Make 3 sentences with these words, using them to refer to both males and females.
1 row - with words that characterize the positive qualities of a person,
2 row - negative qualities.
An orphan, a good fellow, an uppity, a sleepyhead, a crybaby, a clever one, a poor thing, a hard worker
(slides 20-21) Very often, entities of the general gender are found in the works of UNT: in proverbs, riddles, fairy tales. But they are also used by writers in their works. Guys, what do you know about I.A. Krylov, what did he write? Which of his fables do you know?
In an excerpt from the fable of I.A. Krylov, the word of the general gender is highlighted. Read the text carefully and guess who it is. Mark the correct answer.
1) How are you, poor thing, I'm sorry,
With all your work and skill!
"Eagle and Bee"
Is this a male or female character? What word helped you identify gender. Who is the poor girl who is hardworking and smart?
2) The wolf at night, thinking to climb into the sheepfold,
Went to the kennel.
Suddenly the whole kennel rose up.
Feeling the gray so close to the bully,
The dogs are flooded in the stables and are eager to fight ...
"Wolf in the kennel"
Is this a male or female character? Who is this grey?
Task: Write down proverbs, underline common nouns.
For every dupe there is a swindler (Nepalese). Where the poor fellow goes, there is trouble (Azerbaijani). Reveler in youth - modest in old age (Turkish). Hunger makes you steal, resentment makes you a bully (Mongolian). He is a master in language, but left-handed (Adyghe) in deed. A drunkard is like a chicken: where he steps, he will bite (Russian).
10. Summing up the lesson.
- What did you learn in the lesson?
What are the characteristics of common nouns?
Homework:
a) Exercise 220 (1 gr), 218 - (2 gr.) (in writing).
b) vocabulary work. Find the meaning of the words ignorant and ignorant by explanatory dictionary. Make up sentences with these words, applying them to males and females.
"Noun" - A noun. 2 declension: aquarium ?, plants-e, Month ?, sky-o. Indeclinable nouns: subway, coffee, coat, cinema, highway. A noun denotes an object, answers the questions who ?, what? Dative case - questions To whom? To what? Middle gender: sun, plant, heart, face (it, mine).
"Noun Grade 5" - Working with a theory textbook. Repeatedly - a generalizing conversation. Hatred Bad weather Negligence Enemy - enemy Grief - misfortune Lie - not true. Block 4: spelling of vowels O - E after hissing and C in the endings of nouns. Not a big, but a small book. Block 3: spelling of suffixes -ek- (-ik-) in nouns.
"Noun 6th grade" - 8. Explanatory dictation. Suffixes of nouns. 5. Pick up 2-3 nouns with the same suffix. 4. Find a noun whose structure corresponds to the scheme: 2. Pick up 2 single-root nouns with these roots: 6. Make a sentence in which the grammatical basis is expressed by nouns.
“The gender of nouns is a lesson” - Fighter, instigator of quarrels and fights. Whisper, timid breathing, Nightingale's trills. Night shadows, Shadows without end. Serebryanka is a small river. Prove it. Make two sentences. Find similar words. Determine the gender of nouns. Task: Write an essay on the picture using nouns.
The main content of the itinerary. Case of nouns. What is put into the ear? Choose your own difficulty level. Where are the parcels being sent? Spelling of suffixes and endings. Russian language. Are there many children in the family? Define the extra word. The use of this technology is aimed at providing psychological and pedagogical support to students.
"The gender of adjectives" - Problem. We know. Birch coat carpet. Check. 1. A way to determine the gender of adjectives. Algorithm. Lesson topic Gender of adjectives. What is superfluous? oh, oh, oh, oh. How to determine the gender of adjectives? 1. Nouns have 3 genders (m.r., f.r., cf.r.). 2. A way to determine the gender of nouns.
Balda, poor fellow, white-handed, beast, chatterbox, tramp, beech, tall, tycoon, lying, know-it-all, squeezed, drank, upstart, bouncer, unfortunate, thug, dirty, gulena, playboy, hard worker, dobrya, dear, goner, cudgel, fool, dumbass, tall, fidget, greedy, victim, bully, ringleader, bully, arrogant, stutterer, slobber, splinter, bore, sang, tucked in, healthy, crammed, cripple, capricious, kopush, grimacing, bloodsucker, biter, reveler, gourmet, liar, couch potato, whacker, muff, baby, good fellow, ignorant, ignorant, ignoramus, touchy, half-educated, fidget, slob, ripped off, glutton, goody, scribbler, crybaby, beggar, fawn, beggar, fussy, stuck, molested, swindler, rogue, dupe, rogue, idler, drunkard, hard worker, slacker, confusion, disheveled, deadhead, self-taught, holy man, handsome man, orphan, miser, sweet tooth, sweet tooth, dormouse, daredevil, dude, scarecrow, chatterer, namesake, grouse, quiet, hasty, stupid, clever, ugly, hypocrite, hap ugh, cunning, sharomyga, rogue, sneak.
Gender of indeclinable nouns
Indeclinable nouns reveal their gender syntactically, in combination with explanatory words: military attaché, short interview.
In the modern literary language, indeclinable nouns make up about 350 common nouns, excluding a large group of indeclinable proper names, geographical names and compound words.
The gender of indeclinable nouns is connected with the semantics of the word. First of all, animate and inanimate nouns are distinguished. In animate nouns, the gender is determined by the biological sex of the named persons or animals. Words that call males by profession, social status, character traits, etc., are masculine nouns: attache, bourgeois, impresario, caballero, entertainer, croupier, curé, effendi, yankee.
The names of female persons refer to the feminine gender: ingenue, lady, madam, mademoiselle, milady, miss, mrs, madam, frau, emancipe.
Some nouns that have the meaning of a common gender can be used both for a man and for a woman: counterpart, incognito, protégé, ultra and etc.
Words denoting animals are qualified as masculine words in dictionaries: dingo, zebu, kiwi-kiwi, hummingbird, kangaroo, cockatoo, marabou, pony, flamingo, chimpanzee. The exception is the names of the African fly- tsetse(female) and game fish iwashi(female).
In the text or in oral speech, when a female animal is called, for all nouns that are recommended as masculine words, agreement can also go in the feminine gender: kangaroo feeding a baby, The little chimpanzee was named Betsy.
The names of inanimate objects are most often neuter nouns. Deviations from this general rule and fluctuations in the generic design are observed primarily in cases where indeclinable words are closely related to semantically close generalizing words. Sometimes in these cases the gender of the generalizing word wins, although in general during the 19th-20th centuries. there is a tendency to eliminate hesitation in favor of variants of the middle gender.
In the modern literary language, the following fluctuations and deviations from the norm are registered: avenue(zh.r. and sr.r.), auto(cf. and m.r.), whiskey(cf. and f.r., rarely - m.r.), Jersey(cf. and m.r.).
The list of nouns, in the generic affiliation of which there are fluctuations:
Bolero (m.s. and s.r.), wildebeest (m.s. and f.s.), dingo (m.s. and f.s.), jersey (m.s. and s.s. ), incognito (m.s. and m.s. more often), coffee (m.s. and s.s. - colloquial), tropical tree mango (m.s. and s.s.), mezzo -soprano (s.p. and j.p. - colloquial), pas de deux “type of pair dance” (s.p. and m.p.), pas de trois “type of ballet dance for three ”(s.r. and m.r.), rally (m.r. and sr.r.), salami (f.r.), soprano (s.r. and m.r.).
- The displacement is called the vector connecting the start and end points of the trajectory The vector connecting the beginning and end of the path is called
- Trajectory, path length, displacement vector Vector connecting the initial position
- Calculating the area of a polygon from the coordinates of its vertices The area of a triangle from the coordinates of the vertices formula
- Acceptable Value Range (ODZ), theory, examples, solutions