Download the presentation of life in the Paleozoic era. Presentation on the topic "Paleozoic era"
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The Paleozoic began 542 million years ago and lasted about 290 million years. Consists of the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian periods. The era began with the Cambrian explosion of the taxonomic diversity of living organisms, and ended with the mass Permian extinction.slide 3
Changes in the plant world: 1. Cambrian period: Cambrian - the first period of the Paleozoic era. Started 541 million years ago, ended 485 million years ago. Of the plants of the Cambrian period, calcareous algae are known. The Cambrian seas had both blue-green and red algae. Algae, releasing free oxygen, significantly changed the composition of the Cambrian atmosphere. Red calcareous algaeslide 4
2. Ordovician period: Ordovician is the second period of the Paleozoic era. It began 485 million years ago and ended 443 million years ago. Blue-green algae continued to develop. Calcareous green and red algae reach luxuriant development. green algaeslide 5
3. Silurian period: The Silurian period is the third period of the Paleozoic. The beginning of the Silurian period is 443 million years ago, and the end is 419 million years ago. At the end of the Silurian, another group of plants appeared on land - vascular plants. Riniaslide 6
4. Devonian: Devon is the fourth period of the Paleozoic era. It began 419 million years ago and ended 358 million years ago. Lycosform, horsetail, fern and gymnosperms appeared on land. Soil appeared. tree fernSlide 7
5. Carboniferous period: Carboniferous - the fifth period of the Paleozoic era. It began 358 million years ago and ended 298 million years ago. In the Carboniferous, further distribution of sigillaria, calamites, various horsetails, seed horsetails, cordaites. Sigillaria CalamitSlide 8
6. Permian period: Perm - the last period of the Paleozoic era. Started 298 million years ago, ended 252 million years ago. The flora is characterized by a decrease in the number of sigillaria and cordaites, the appearance of new groups of gymnosperms. Calamites, tree-like and herbaceous ferns grow in swamps and bays. Conifers and cycads spread. herbaceous fernSlide 9
Changes in the animal world: 1. Cambrian period: Cambrian - the time of the emergence and flourishing of trilobites. All known representatives of the trilobite class were marine animals. Trilobitesslide 10
2. Ordovician: Jawless fish-like appeared. Corals and other coelenterates lived in warm-water seas. Shellfish were widespread. In the Ordovician, crustaceans, trilobites, bryozoans, sponges, and horseshoe crabs were common. Shellfish Horseshoe Crabslide 11
3. Silurian period: Acanthodes are one of the first fish. Jaw-mouthed fish also appear - bone-shelled and shellless. The rise of graptolites. In the Late Silurian, cartilaginous ray-finned fish appear. Acanthodslide 12
4. Devonian: The first terrestrial vertebrates appeared. One of the first amphibians had many fish features. Spiders, mites, insects appeared. The first ammonites appeared. Trilobites are starting to die out.Checking homework
Option 2
Arrange the events that took place in the Archaean and Proterozoic in the sequence corresponding to the order in which they occurred.
A) the beginning of photosynthesis
B) the appearance of prokaryotes
B) the appearance of multicellular algae
D) the appearance of free oxygen
D) the appearance of arthropods
E) the appearance of shellfish
G) the appearance of annelids
Option 1
Match the listed events
desired era, put the results in the table:
A) the emergence of eukaryotes
B) the appearance of intestinal
C) the appearance of blue-green and unicellular algae
D) the emergence of multicellularity
D) the occurrence of photosynthesis
Poterozoic
- Paleozoic - general information
- Cambrian system
- Devonian system
Geography and climate
Animal world
Vegetable world
Geography and climate
Animal world
Vegetable world
- Carboniferous system
- Ordovician system
Geography and climate
Animal world
Vegetable world
Geography and climate
Animal world
Vegetable world
- Permian system
- Silurian system
Geography and climate
Animal world
Vegetable world
Geography and climate
Animal world
Vegetable world
PALAEOZOIC
Paleozoic - era of ancient
life began 570
million years ago
and continued for about
320 million years.
- The Cambrian period began 570 ± 20 million years ago, the duration was 80 million. In the Cambrian period, skeletal organisms appeared for the first time in geological history.
- This period began with an astonishing evolutionary explosion, during which representatives of most of the major groups of animals known for the first time appeared on Earth. modern science. Toward the end of the period, glaciation began, which led to a decrease in sea level.
- During a grand evolutionary explosion, most of the modern types of animals arose, including microscopic foraminifera, sponges, starfish, sea urchins, sea lilies and various worms. In the tropics, archaeocyates. erected huge reef structures. The first hard-covered animals appeared; trilobites and brachiopods dominated the seas. The first chordates appeared. Later, cephalopods and primitive fish appeared.
Representatives:
vivaxia
anomalocaris
ARCHAEOCYATES
BILLINGSELLA
trilobites
opabinia
burghessia
hallucinogenia
jellyfish
- Represented by primitive seaweeds.
- The second period of the Paleozoic era of the geological history of the Earth.
- Beginning of the Ordovician period 490 ± 15 million years ago, duration 65 million years.
- In the early and early Middle Ordovician - the maximum expansion of marine spaces.
- Large land masses are concentrated closer to the equator. Throughout the period, the land masses moved further and further south. The old Cambrian ice sheets melted and sea levels rose. Most of land was concentrated in warm latitudes. At the end of the period, a new glaciation began.
- A sharp increase in the number of filter-feeding animals, including bryozoans (sea mats), crinoids, brachiopods, bivalves and graptolites, which flourished just in the Ordovician.
- Archaeocyates have already died out, but the baton of reef building was picked up from them by stromatoporoids and the first corals. The number of nautiloids and jawless armored fish increased.
Representatives:
archeocrinus
astraspis
payilihas
echinospheritis
endocerase
goniocerase
gomylozoans
gastropods
platystrophy
sea buds
- There were different kinds algae. The first true land plants appeared in the Late Ordovician.
- Began 435 million years ago, duration 30 million years.
- It is divided into 2 departments.
- Most large array land in the Silurian system - the mainland Gondwana.
- The beginning of the Silurian period was characterized by global marine transgression, the end - by the completion of the Caledonian folding.
- Gondwana moved towards the South Pole. The Iapetus Ocean was shrinking, and the land masses that make up North America and Greenland were moving closer together. ; colliding, they formed Laurasia. A period of violent volcanic activity and intense mountain building.
- Nautiloids, brachiopods, trilobites and echinoderms thrive in the seas. The first jawed acanthode fish appeared. Scorpions, centipedes and possibly eurypterids have begun
get out on land. The formation of the main classes of invertebrate organisms appeared
first primitive vertebrates
(jawless and fish).
Representatives:
pteraspis
acanthodes
arctinurus
four-pointed corals
spiriferides
sea lily
paleophonus
orthoceratida
birkenia
pterygotus
deifon
stylonurus
- Plants inhabited the shores of water bodies. Predominance of primitive psilophyd plants.
- The fourth period of the Paleozoic era of geological history. It began 400 million years ago and lasted about 55 million years.
- It is subdivided into 3 departments and 7 tiers.
- The main minerals are oil and gas, rock and potash salts, cuprous sandstones.
- Europe, North America and Greenland collided with each other, forming a huge supercontinent Laurasia. Huge masses of sedimentary rocks were pushed out from the ocean floor, forming huge mountain systems in the east of North America and in the west of Europe.;
- The climate is continental, arid. The middle Devonian period is the era of submergence; increase in marine transgressions, intensification of volcanic activity.
- The rapid evolution of fish, including sharks and rays, lobe-finned and ray-finned fish.
- The land was invaded by many arthropods, including ticks, spiders and primitive wingless insects.
- The first amphibians appeared in the late Devonian.
Representatives:
argyriaspis
asterolepis
coccosteus
cladoselachia
dunkleosteus
dipter
ichthyostega
coelacanth
- Plants managed to move away from the water's edge and soon vast areas of land were overgrown with dense primeval forests.
- The number of diverse vascular plants has increased.
- Spore lycophytes (moss mosses) and horsetails appeared, some of them developed into real trees 38m high.
- The fifth period of the Paleozoic era of geological history.
- The Carboniferous period began 345 million years ago; duration 65 million years.
- Subdivided into 3 or 2 sections.
- Two huge supercontinents: Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south - approached each other.
- In the early Carboniferous, shallow coastal seas and swamps spread over vast areas, and an almost tropical climate was established.
- Huge forests with lush vegetation have significantly increased the oxygen content in the atmosphere.
- Ammonites appeared in the seas, and the number of brachiopods increased. Rugoses, graptolites, trilobites, as well as some bryozoans, sea lilies and mollusks have become extinct.
- This was the age of amphibians, as well as insects - grasshoppers, cockroaches, silverfish, termites, beetles and giant dragonflies.
- The first reptiles appeared.
Representatives:
urocordil
butterflies
westlotiana
dragonfly
spiders
cockroach
grasshopper
centipede
pteroplax
- River deltas and the banks of vast marshes are overgrown with dense forests of giant club mosses, horsetails, tree ferns and seed plants up to 45 m high.
- The undecomposed remains of this vegetation eventually turned into coal.
- The last period of the Paleozoic era. Began 280 million years ago, duration 45 million years.
- The Permian period was identified in 1841 by the English geologist R. Murchison in the Urals and the Russian Plain (on the territory Perm province, hence the name).
- Subdivided into lower and upper divisions. There is no generally accepted scheme for dividing into tiers.
- Gondwana and Laurasia gradually drew closer. Asia collided with Europe, throwing up the Ural mountain range. India "ran into" Asia - and the Himalayas arose. AT North America the Appalachians grew. The giant supercontinent Pangea was formed.
- The earth warmed up, and the ice gradually melted. It became very hot and dry in Laurasia, vast deserts spread across it.
- Bivalve molluscs have evolved rapidly. Ammonites abounded in the seas. Amphibians predominated in fresh water bodies. Aquatic reptiles also appeared, including mesosaurs.
- During the great extinction, over 50% of animal families disappeared. On land, the reptiles took over the amphibians.
Representatives:
eocaptorhinus
foreigners
lanthanosukh
dvinosaurus
dimetrodon
coelurosaurus
Ivantosaurus
scutosaurus
movement
kakkops
eriops
estemmenosuchus
mesenosaurus
- On the southern land masses, forests of large seed ferns, glossopteris, have spread.
- The first conifers appeared, quickly populating the inland regions and highlands.
- Among land plants arthropod ferns and gymnosperms predominated.
- Palaeozoic (Greek "palaios" - ancient, "zoe" - life) - the era of ancient life
- Its age is 570 million years.
- Divided into 6 periods (Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian)
- The flora evolved from algae to the first seed plants (seed ferns)
- The animal world developed from primitive marine non-cranial chordates to terrestrial reptiles.
- In the Silurian period, the first inhabitants of the land appeared - psilophyte plants and invertebrate arachnids. They were the first animals to breathe atmospheric oxygen.
Homework: Fill the table
Paleozoic period
Basic aromorphoses
Animal world
Permian
Plant world
Coal
Devonian
Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
The Paleozoic era is a major period in the history of the development of the earth that followed the Archean or Azoic era and preceded the Mesozoic era. Deposits of the Paleozoic era make up the Paleozoic group of layers, the totality of which reaches 30,000 m in some areas. thickness, almost 10 times the thickness of the Mesozoic deposits, which indicates, of course, its very significant duration. Its beginning is considered the appearance of organisms equipped with skeletons, shells, shells: moreover, protective devices appear simultaneously in many groups of organisms.
The Paleozoic includes 6 geological systems: Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. The Paleozoic era is characterized by 2 main epochs of folding: the Calydonian (Great Britain, the Scandinavian Peninsula, Svalbard, Kazakhstan, etc.) and the Hercynian (Central Europe, the Urals, the Appalachians).
The third period of the Paleozoic era of geological history. Began 435 million years ago, duration 30 million years. It is divided into 2 departments. The largest landmass in the Silurian system is Gondwana. The beginning of the Silurian period was characterized by a global marine transgression, the end by the completion of the Caledonian folding. Sea lily Birkenia
Devon The fourth period of the Paleozoic era of geological history. It began 400 million years ago and lasted about 55 million years. It is subdivided into 3 departments and 7 tiers. The beginning of the period was characterized by the retreat of the sea and the accumulation of thicknesses of thick continental (red-colored) deposits. The main minerals are oil and gas, rock and potash salts, cuprous sandstones. Argyriaspis Coelacanth
The Carboniferous period is the fifth period of the Paleozoic era of geological history. The Carboniferous period began 345 million years ago; duration 65 million years. Subdivided into 3 or 2 sections. In the Carboniferous period, intense tectonic movements took place - the Hercynian folding. On the coastal plains deposits of peat and coal were formed. Dragonfly
The Permian period is the last period of the Paleozoic era. Began 280 million years ago, duration 45 million years. The Permian period was identified in 1841 by the English geologist R. Murchison in the Urals and the Russian Plain (on the territory of the Perm province, hence the name). It is divided into lower and upper sections. There is no generally accepted scheme for dividing into tiers. Characterized by intense tectonic movements associated with the last phases of the Hercynian folding and extensive regressions of the sea. The sediments of the Permian system contain coal, oil and gas, rock and potassium salts, cuprous sandstones, and phosphorites. Dvinosaurus Kakkops
Lesson-lecture Paleozoic era Biology lesson, Grade 11
- Biology teacher
- MOU secondary school №1
- G. Kimry, Tver region.
- Paleozoic, Paleozoic era (from Greek - ancient, life) - the earliest geological era that is part of the Phanerozoic eon. According to modern concepts, the lower boundary of the Paleozoic is the time of 542 million years ago. The time of 251-248 million years is taken as the upper limit - the period of the most massive extinction of living organisms in the history of the Earth (Permian-Triassic extinction of species). The duration of the Paleozoic is about 290 million years.
- At the beginning of the era, the southern continents were united into a single supercontinent Gondwana, and by its end other continents joined it and the supercontinent Pangea was formed.
- The era began with the Cambrian explosion of the diversity of living organisms, and ended with their mass extinction.
- The Paleozoic was identified in 1837 by the English geologist A. Sedgwick, who included two geological periods in it - the Silurian and the Devonian.
- Cambrian - the first period of the Paleozoic era It began about 542 million years ago and lasted about 54 million years.
- This period began with an astonishing evolutionary explosion, during which representatives of most of the major animal groups known to modern science first appeared on Earth. Amazing variety animals with mineral skeletons - the result of the "Cambrian explosion" of life forms. The end of the Cambrian was marked by a new ice age. The sea level dropped sharply. This resulted in the destruction of many natural areas and the extinction of many animal species.
- Cambrian
- The climate of the Cambrian was temperate, the continents were unchanged.
- During this period, for the first time in geological history, skeletal (phosphate, lime and silicon skeletons) organisms appeared, which allowed animals to move to a new way of life. As soon as animals developed jointed limbs, a wide variety of modes of movement became available to them, new life forms appeared: arthropods, arthropods.
- The animal world became more diverse, more and more species could exist side by side, not claiming the food resources of their neighbors. Never again on our planet will there be so many unoccupied ecological niches and so little competition between species.
- Representatives of the fauna of the Cambrian period
- Pikayas, trilobites and anomalocaris
- Ordovician period -
- the second period of the Paleozoic era of the geological history of the Earth. It began 488 million years ago and lasted 45 million years.
- The name was proposed by the English geologist C. Lapworth in 1879.
- In the Ordovician period,
- as in the Cambrian, bacteria dominated, blue-green algae continued to develop. The existence of terrestrial vegetation at that time is evidenced by the remains of spores and rare finds of imprints of plant stems.
- There were representatives of almost all types and most classes of marine invertebrates. At the same time, jawless fish-like fish appeared - the first vertebrates.
- Ordovician ends a major stage in the development of the ancient Paleozoic organic world. By the beginning of the Silurian, many families of this period are dying out.
- In this period, according to the characteristics of the distribution of various groups of the organic world, two zones are outlined. The first belt covered the Ordovician equatorial regions and was distinguished by a hot and warm climate, great variety organic world. The second belt united the Ordovician polar regions with a cold climate, organic world differed in the impoverishment of the composition.
- Representatives of the fauna of the Ordovician period
- Middle Ordovician globular, orthoceras
- The Silurian period is a geological period, the third period of the Paleozoic. It began 443 million years ago and lasted 27 million years. The lower boundary of the Silurian is defined by a major extinction, which resulted in the disappearance of about 60% of the species of marine organisms that existed in the Ordovician, the so-called Ordovician-Silurian extinction. In the middle of the XIX century. Silurian was considered the most ancient geological epoch.
- Late Silurian
- In the late Silurian, jawed and cartilaginous ray-finned fish appeared, as well as vascular plants (one of key events in the history of the biosphere).
- It was a period of intense volcanic activity and intense mountain building. It began with the era of glaciation. As the ice melted, sea levels rose and the climate became milder. The Silurian period is characterized by a gradual development of arid climate.
- Representatives of the fauna of the Silurian period:
- Acanthodes and racoscorpions
- Devonian-
- geological period, the fourth period of the Paleozoic. It began about 416 million years ago and ended 360 million years ago. The duration of the Devonian is 56 million years. This period is rich in biotic events. Life developed rapidly and developed new ecological niches.
- Devonian
- In the Devonian, lycopsform, horsetail, fern-like and gymnosperms (from rhinophytes) originated, many of them were represented by woody forms.
- The first terrestrial vertebrates also appeared. Paleontologists suggest that the lungs that land creatures breathe originally originated in lobe-finned fish living in swamps. Some of the first amphibians had many fish features and were closely related to water, but had well-formed limbs. Spiders, mites, insects arose - life mastered the land.
- Changes also took place in the seas in the Devonian period: for example, trilobites begin to die out (apparently, it became difficult for them to live with such an abundance of predators).
- The Devonian is often referred to as the age of fish: jawless and jawless fishes inhabit almost all marine and freshwater basins and achieve great diversity.
- Representatives of the fauna of the Devonian period
- Lampreys and ichthyostegi
- The Carboniferous period (Carboniferous) is a geological period, the fifth period of the Paleozoic. Started 359 million years ago, ended 299 million years ago. This continued for 60 million years. It got its name because of the strong coal formation at that time.
- Carboniferous period (Carboniferous)
- For the first time, the outlines of the greatest supercontinent in the history of the Earth - Pangea (formed during the collision of Laurasia with Gondwana) appear.
- In the Carboniferous, new orders appeared among invertebrates, among vertebrates - reptiles, among higher plants - various gymnosperms (conifers, cordaites and cycads).
- Mass extinctions have not been observed. Amphibians, arthropods, and higher plants flourished in the Carboniferous.
- A variety of cartilaginous fish reigned in the seas, and freshwater lobe-finned fish survived. There is a wide variety of amphibians (eogyrinus, brachiosaurus).
- In the Lower Carboniferous, primitive forms of reptiles arose, which, avoiding competition and predators, inhabited drier spaces.
- In the Carboniferous, spore plants (sigillaria, calamites) gained further distribution. Emerging seed plants could settle in drier habitats, because. features of their reproduction were not associated with the presence of water.
- Representatives of the fauna of the Carboniferous period
- Eogyrhinuses and Dendrerpetons
- Permian period-
- geological period, the sixth (last) period of the Paleozoic. It began 295 million years ago, ended 248 million years ago, that is, it lasted 47 million years.
- The Permian period was identified in 1841 by the British geologist R. Murchison in the area of the city of Perm.
- Permian period
- Of the insects in the Permian, there were beetles (which first appeared in this period 270 million years ago) and lacewings.
- The climate of the Permian period was characterized by pronounced zoning and increasing aridity. In general, we can say that it was close to modern.
- In the Permian period, a zone of a humid tropical climate is clearly distinguished, to the north of it there was a zone of hot and dry climate, and even to the north - a moderate zone of significant humidity. At the beginning of the period, glaciation continued, which began in the Carboniferous. It was developed on the southern continents.
- The Permian period ended with the Permian-Triassic extinction of species, the largest of all that the Earth has ever known. At the border with the Triassic, about 90% of the species of marine organisms and 70% of terrestrial species disappeared. One explanation for this extinction comes down to the fall of a large asteroid that caused significant climate change. According to another (more common version) - the extinction was caused by a global increase in volcanic activity due to the fact that all the continents joined into one continent - Pangea.
- Representatives of the fauna of the Permian period:
- Anteosaurs and Keratocephalians
- http://www.worldofnature.ru/vymershie?id=9&layout=full&view=period
- http://www.dagdiplom.ru/catalog/7/1329/
- http://www.dinozavro.ru/paleontolog/paleozoy_time.php
Lesson plan: 1) The main stages of the progressive evolution of animals in the Paleozoic era. The Cambrian is the heyday of marine invertebrates. Appearance of the first chordates. Ordovician - the appearance of the first vertebrates (jawless). Silur - the appearance of the oldest fish (maxillary vertebrates). The emergence of invertebrates on land. Devon - the "age of fish" (the flourishing of fish). The appearance of the first terrestrial vertebrates (stegocephalians). Carbon - the heyday of amphibians. The appearance of the first reptiles (cotilosaurs). Perm - the development of reptiles, the emergence of animal-like reptiles. Amphibian regression. 2) a brief description of anamnios and amniotes.
Fauna of the Early Paleozoic (Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian): 1 - archaeocyath colony 2 - skeleton of Silurian coral 3 - jellyfish 4 - shells of Silurian cephalopods 5 - brachiopods 6 - trilobites - the most primitive crustaceans (Cambrian). Archaeocyates - a group of primitive attached animals (Cambrian); had a calcareous skeleton in the form of a goblet (from mm to 40 cm), the walls of which were pierced by numerous pores; outside the goblet was dressed in a soft shell; soft tissues inside the goblet had a spongy structure, being penetrated by a system of cavities.
Graptolites are representatives of the hemichordate type that appeared in the Cambrian (completely died out in the Early Carboniferous). Probably, hemichordates arose from oligomeric (little bristle) worms at the very end of the Proterozoic. Representatives of the first chordates already existed in the Cambrian seas - primitive non-cranial ones.
The oldest vertebrates appear in the Ordovician. The figure in the water column shows armored jawless fish-like animals pursued by a lobe-finned fish. In the foreground are two other types of shelled jawless shelled "fish" - the first representatives of vertebrates. They only resembled real fish in shape, but belonged to another superclass of agnathans, the class of cyclostomes (ancestors of modern lampreys and hagfishes). They did not have paired fins, so they could not swim for a long time in the water column, they lay for a long time at the bottom of bays and lagoons.
Fauna of the second half of the Paleozoic (Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian). 1 - lobe-finned fish (Devonian) Stegocephalus - the most ancient amphibian (Carboniferous) 3 - dragonfly (boar) 4 - predatory lizard of foreigners - the most ancient reptile (Permian) 5 - dimetrodon - omnivorous lizard (Permian) 6 - pareiasaurus - herbivorous lizard (Permian) 7 - fish-eating lizard (Permian)
Modern amphibians are the remnants of a once flourishing class. Amphibians originated from ancient lobe-finned fish - ripidistia. The oldest amphibians, the Ichthyostegs, have been known since the Upper Devonian. These meter-long animals had a lateral line, a tail with a fin, and scales, but their limbs and limb girdles were built like land animals. Most likely, the ichthyostegi lived in the water, not leaving it for a long time (“ quadruped fish"). But with the help of well-developed five-fingered limbs, they could crawl over land. Stegocephalians are a group of ancient amphibians, represented in the Late Paleozoic by a wide variety of forms. The most famous of the groups of stegocephalians are the labyrinthodonts. From primitive labyrinthodonts in the Early Carboniferous, batrachosaurs (lizard-amphibians) originated. Ichthyostegs Representatives of stegocephals
Tasks for independent work in groups on the topic “The main stages of the progressive evolution of animals in the Paleozoic” Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Identify climate and environmental conditions in the Cambrian period, identify the main directions of evolution of organisms, aromorphoses in the evolution of vertebrates, get acquainted with representatives of the Cambrian fauna. P.101, 109 (Zakharov), Additional information on electronic media. To identify the conditions of climate and environment in the Ordovician and Silurian, to identify the main directions of evolution of organisms, aromorphoses in the evolution of vertebrates, to get acquainted with representatives of the Ordovician and Silurian fauna. P.101, (Zakharov) Additional information on electronic media. To identify the conditions of climate and environment in the Devonian period, to identify the main directions of evolution of organisms, aromorphoses in the evolution of vertebrates, to get acquainted with representatives of the Devonian fauna. P.102, (Zakharov) Additional information on electronic media. To identify the conditions of climate and environment in the Carboniferous, to identify the main directions of the evolution of organisms, aromorphoses in the evolution of vertebrates, to get acquainted with representatives of the Carboniferous fauna. С.102, 113 (Zakharov) Additional information on electronic media. To identify the conditions of climate and environment in Perm, to identify the main directions of evolution of organisms, aromorphoses in the evolution of vertebrates, to get acquainted with representatives of the fauna of Perm. P.103, (Zakharov) Additional information on electronic media.
The reproduction of reptiles is not related to water: they lay eggs covered with a strong shell, the egg contains water and nutrients for the development of the embryo. The embryo (embryo) of a reptile develops inside the egg in a special embryo sac filled with liquid. The yolk sac contains a supply of substances necessary for the development of the embryo, the third sac - allantois collects all body waste. The shell protects the embryo from external influences.
Cards with tasks on the topic “The main stages of the progressive evolution of animals in the Paleozoic” Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 1. Select aromorphoses characteristic of jawed vertebrates: 1. Select aromorphoses characteristic of the first amphibians: 1. Select aromorphoses characteristic of the first reptiles: 1 Select aromorphoses characteristic of jawless chordates: Aromorphoses: a) five-fingered limb, notochord, internal fertilization, saccular lungs, ventilation of the lungs through the movement of the chest, lacrimal glands, paired fins, development in the egg, movable eyelids, keratinization of the skin, grasping mouthparts , 1 cervical vertebra, no cutaneous respiration. 2. Choose signs of anamnia: 2. Choose signs of amniotes: 2. Choose examples of anamnia organisms: 2. Choose examples of amniotic organisms: Signs: germinal membranes are formed, gill respiration is absent, germinal membranes are formed, gill respiration is present. Examples: lamprey, shark, salamander, copperfish, amixin, woodpecker, whale, perch, swallow, turtle, penguin, stingray, kangaroo, toad, pike, fox, stork.
- The displacement is called the vector connecting the start and end points of the trajectory The vector connecting the beginning and end of the path is called
- Trajectory, path length, displacement vector Vector connecting the initial position
- Calculating the area of a polygon from the coordinates of its vertices The area of a triangle from the coordinates of the vertices formula
- Acceptable Value Range (ODZ), theory, examples, solutions