How many chromosomes does a pigeon have, in somatic and germ cells? How many chromosomes does Natasha's pigeon have.
And the dove is no exception. The dove is the highest animal and therefore has sex and somatic cells. Somatic cells contain a paired set, and germ cells have a single set, so it turns out that the pigeon has:
The dove has 16 regular chromosomes.
The dove has 40 sex chromosomes.
The dove has 80 somatic chromosomes.
It was about an ordinary gray dove, but it is worth noting that the African dove has 78 chromosomes.
The rock dove is a very common bird; its homeland is considered to be Southern Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. In ancient times, a person was able to tame a rock dove, as a result of which special domestic pigeons were obtained. Therefore, earlier, when a person moved somewhere, he took his pigeons away. Further, pigeons became wild (became synotropic creatures) and became familiar to agricultural farms and big cities. And in wild nature gray pigeons are settled in mountain gorges, coastal cliffs, along steep banks, near agricultural land, bushes.
City pigeons settle near houses or under the roof of houses, because the stone buildings of man strongly remind them of their natural habitats. And they can eat food waste. Pigeons can often be seen in city parks, because people there feed them with sunflower seeds and other delicacies, and knowing this, they often fly there. Wild rock pigeons and urban rock pigeons freely interbreed with each other and ornithologists believe that this can lead to degradation and extinction of wild rock pigeons.
The rock dove in nature lives 3-5 years. If a pigeon is bred at home, it lives up to 15 years, there have been cases when individual pigeons lived up to 35 years.
The body length of the rock dove is 29-36 centimeters, the weight of the dove is 265-380 grams, the wingspan of the bird is 50-67 centimeters. Pigeons differ from other birds in their characteristic cooing. It is believed that the bird has good eyesight, so good that it can distinguish ultraviolet rays.
For breeding new breeds of birds, it is useful to familiarize yourself with the details of storage hereditary information in a cell and determine how many chromosomes a pigeon has. This knowledge makes it much easier for ornithologists to conduct various studies. The information embedded in these structures is the first step towards the development of the whole organism. The informative code is actively used in bird breeding, and scientists get the opportunity to develop best qualities one or another type of pigeon family.
Every living being has its own set of DNA. Each species of animal or bird is different. The number of chromosomes in a pigeon is marked with the number 16. This is a standard set. There are 80 of them in somatic cells, and they are responsible for the structure of the body.
There are also sex cells, which are called gametes, having 40 chromosomes. They are always less than half in the body of a pigeon. This is the so-called haploid set, that is, single.
Chromosomes refer to the genetic material stored in the cells of the body. These structures are arranged in pairs and are carriers of heredity. It is in them that great amount genes.
In other words, chromosomes are the contents of the cell nucleus that store data about the body. In their composition, they have a DNA molecule twisted in a helix. For the first time, they learned about their existence in the period from 1883 to 1888. The name of the discoverer remains controversial, but the German scientist Heinrich Waldeyer came up with the name.
Environmental influence
You can calculate how many chromosomes a pigeon has by carefully examining the cell under a microscope. This presents no difficulty. It is much more interesting to find out what affects their number and follow the dynamics of changes. For example, researcher Charles Darwin wrote a lot about this in the past. He considered the features of the wild rock dove in different conditions habitat and concluded that the bird adapts to the world around it.
When nature changes, the pigeon's hereditary traits are transformed. This contributes to the formation of new breeds. Crossing also influences their formation. different types between themselves.
Each species of pigeon has a fixed number of chromosomes. If quantitative changes have occurred, then this will cause hereditary changes.
But among the pigeons there is an African representative who has 78 chromosomes in somatic cells, which influenced its color (bright yellow-green) and habits (almost does not descend to the ground).
As mentioned above, the number of chromosomes is always divided in pairs, because one chick receives from the father, and the second from the mother. However, only one from each parent enters the germ cells.
influence the floor
The term "heredity" refers to the receipt of various natural characteristics from parents. Pigeons in this process are no exception. Various properties of an organism are passed down from generation to generation, and certain processes take place in the cells of individuals. Since they reproduce by division, at one of the stages formations arise - chromosomes in which genes are stored.
Here are some signs that change in pigeons as a result of a change in the hereditary code:
- plumage coloration;
- body size and weight;
- productivity;
- flight qualities;
- behavioral features.
Collectively, the genes of a cell are called the genotype. Since the chromosomes in female birds are designated XY, doves are an exception. They have a pair of XO (Y is absent), and the males have XX. It is these forms that these molecules have under a microscope.
The birth of a chick of a certain sex depends on which particular chromosomes will meet during the fertilization of the egg. If these are X chromosomes, then a dove is born, and if there is only one such chromosome transmitted from the male, then a girl will hatch from the egg.
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From school textbooks in biology, everyone has had a chance to get acquainted with the term chromosome. The concept was proposed by Waldeyer in 1888. It literally translates as a painted body. The first object of research was the fruit fly.
General about animal chromosomes
The chromosome is the structure of the cell nucleus that stores hereditary information. They are formed from a DNA molecule, which contains many genes. In other words, a chromosome is a DNA molecule. Its quantity in different animals is not the same. So, for example, a cat has 38, and a cow has -120. I wonder what the most small number have earthworms and ants. Their number is two chromosomes, and the male of the latter has one.
In higher animals, as well as in humans, the last pair is represented by XY sex chromosomes in males and XX in females. It should be noted that the number of these molecules for all animals is constant, but for each species their number is different. For example, we can consider the content of chromosomes in some organisms: chimpanzee - 48, crayfish - 196, wolf - 78, hare - 48. This is due to the different level of organization of an animal.
On a note! Chromosomes are always arranged in pairs. Geneticists claim that these molecules are the elusive and invisible carriers of heredity. Each chromosome contains many genes. Some believe that the more of these molecules, the more developed the animal, and its body is more complex. In this case, a person should not have 46 chromosomes, but more than any other animal.
How many chromosomes do different animals have
Need to pay attention! In monkeys, the number of chromosomes is close to that of humans. But each type has different results. So, at various monkeys there are the following number of chromosomes:
- Lemurs have 44-46 DNA molecules in their arsenal;
- Chimpanzees - 48;
- Baboons - 42,
- Monkeys - 54;
- Gibbons - 44;
- Gorillas - 48;
- Orangutan - 48;
- Macaques - 42.
The family of canids (carnivorous mammals) has more chromosomes than monkeys.
- So, the wolf has 78,
- coyote - 78,
- in a small fox - 76,
- but the ordinary one has 34.
- The predatory animals of the lion and tiger each have 38 chromosomes.
- The cat's pet has 38, and its dog opponent has nearly twice as many, 78.
In mammals that are of economic importance, the number of these molecules is as follows:
- rabbit - 44,
- cow - 60,
- horse - 64,
- pig - 38.
Informative! Hamsters have the largest chromosome sets among animals. They have 92 in their arsenal. Also in this row are hedgehogs. They have 88-90 chromosomes. And the smallest number of these molecules are endowed with kangaroos. Their number is 12. A very interesting fact is that the mammoth has 58 chromosomes. Samples are taken from frozen tissue.
For greater clarity and convenience, the data of other animals will be presented in the summary.
The name of the animal and the number of chromosomes:
Spotted martens | 12 |
Kangaroo | 12 |
yellow marsupial mouse | 14 |
marsupial anteater | 14 |
common opossum | 22 |
Opossum | 22 |
Mink | 30 |
American badger | 32 |
Korsak (steppe fox) | 36 |
Tibetan fox | 36 |
small panda | 36 |
Cat | 38 |
a lion | 38 |
Tiger | 38 |
Raccoon | 38 |
Canadian beaver | 40 |
Hyenas | 40 |
House mouse | 40 |
Baboons | 42 |
Rats | 42 |
Dolphin | 44 |
rabbits | 44 |
Person | 46 |
Hare | 48 |
Gorilla | 48 |
American fox | 50 |
striped skunk | 50 |
Sheep | 54 |
Elephant (Asian, Savannah) | 56 |
Cow | 60 |
Domestic goat | 60 |
woolly monkey | 62 |
A donkey | 62 |
Giraffe | 62 |
Mule (a hybrid of a donkey and a mare) | 63 |
Chinchilla | 64 |
Horse | 64 |
Fox gray | 66 |
white tailed deer | 70 |
Paraguayan fox | 74 |
fox small | 76 |
Wolf (red, red, maned) | 78 |
Dingo | 78 |
Coyote | 78 |
Dog | 78 |
common jackal | 78 |
Chicken | 78 |
Pigeon | 80 |
Turkey | 82 |
Ecuadorian hamster | 92 |
common lemur | 44-60 |
arctic fox | 48-50 |
Echidna | 63-64 |
hedgehogs | 88-90 |
The number of chromosomes in different animal species
As you can see, each animal has different amount chromosomes. Even among members of the same family, the indicators differ. Consider the example of primates:
- gorilla has 48,
- the macaque has 42, and the monkey has 54 chromosomes.
Why this is so remains a mystery.
How many chromosomes do plants have?
Plant name and number of chromosomes:
Video
Solving a biological problem (basic level)
Genetic information in a cell. Matrix nature of biosynthetic reactions. protein biosynthesis and nucleic acids. Metabolism and energy conversion.
Requirements for the level of training of graduates:
Know and understand the structure and features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; chemical composition and structure of organelles; genes;
Solve problems of varying complexity in cytology.
Tasks number 3.
- How many triplets are there in a DNA fragment encoding 35 amino acids? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 35.
- The mRNA molecule contains 200 nucleotides with uracil, which is 10% of the total number of nucleotides. How many nucleotides (in%) with adenine does one of the strands of the DNA molecule contain? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 10.
- What structure will mRNA synthesized on a fragment of a DNA molecule with the following structure: TAAGCGATT? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer.
Answer: AUUTSGTSUAAA.
- One chain of a DNA molecule contains 35% of nucleotides with adenine. Determine the percentage of nucleotides with thymine in the mRNA molecule that is synthesized on this DNA template? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 0.
- A fragment of a DNA molecule encodes 36 amino acids. How many nucleotides does this DNA fragment contain? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 108.
- How many nucleotides with cytosine does a DNA molecule contain if the number of nucleotides with thymine is 120, which is 15% of the total? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 280.
- What percentage of nucleotides with adenine and thymine does the DNA molecule contain in total if the proportion of its nucleotides with cytosine is 26% of the total? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 48.
- How many nucleotides (in%) with cytosine does a DNA molecule contain if the number of nucleotides with thymine is 18% of the total? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 32.
- In DNA, nucleotides with thymine account for 28%. Determine the percentage of nucleotides with guanine that make up the molecule. Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 22.
- In the process of glycolysis, 34 molecules of PVC (pyruvic acid) were formed. How many ATP molecules were formed at this stage of catabolism? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 34.
- As a result of the complete oxidation of glucose, 532 ATP molecules were formed. How many glucose molecules have been broken down? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 14.
- An mRNA fragment consists of 156 nucleotides. How many tRNA molecules are required for protein synthesis? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 52.
- A fragment of an mRNA molecule consists of 147 nucleotides. How many triplets are in the DNA template strand? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 49.
- The molecular weight of the protein is 14190. How many amino acids are in the protein if the mass of one amino acid is 110? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 129.
- Protein consists of 375 amino acids. What is the length of the gene encoding this protein if the distance between nucleotides in the DNA molecule is 0.34 nm? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 382.5.
- What percentage of nucleotides with guanine does a DNA molecule contain if the proportion of its nucleotides with adenine is 28% of the total? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 22.
- What percentage of nucleotides with adenine and thymine does a DNA molecule contain if the proportion of its nucleotides with cytosine is 16% of the total? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 68.
- How many nucleotides with thymine does a DNA molecule contain if the number of nucleotides with adenine is 22.5% of the total? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 22.5.
- How many nucleotides with cytosine does a DNA molecule contain if the number of nucleotides with adenine is 120, which is 10% of the total? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 480.
- One chain of a DNA molecule contains 32% of nucleotides with adenine. What number (%) of nucleotides with thymine will be contained in the mRNA molecule? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 0.
- Hydrogen bonds form between the nucleotides of the DNA double helix. How many such bonds are formed between nucleotides with adenine in one strand of a DNA molecule and nucleotides with thymine in the second strand? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 2.
- Hydrogen bonds form between the nucleotides of the DNA double helix. How many such bonds are formed between nucleotides with guanine in one strand of the DNA molecule and nucleotides with cytosine in the second strand? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 3.
- The mRNA molecule contains 100 nucleotides with uracil, which is 10% of the total. How many nucleotides (in%) with adenine does one of the strands of the DNA molecule contain? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 10.
- How many DNA nucleotides code for 21 amino acids? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 63.
- How many nucleotides with guanine does an mRNA molecule contain if there are 300 nucleotides with cytosine in one DNA strand? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 300.
- What structure will mRNA synthesized on a fragment of a DNA molecule with the following structure have? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer. Answer: AAUTSGTSUUA.
- What structure will mRNA synthesized on a fragment of a DNA molecule with the following structure: ATACCGTATG, if as a result gene mutation missing the sixth nucleotide? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer. Answer: WAUGGAUATS.
- How many triplets are there in a DNA fragment encoding 33 amino acids? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 33.
- What triplet of the mRNA molecule is complementary to the GTA triplet of the DNA molecule? In the answer, write down the corresponding sequence of letters? Answer: CAU.
- Which triplet in the DNA molecule corresponds to the GUA tRNA anticodon? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer. Answer: GTA.
- Which codon in the mRNA molecule corresponds to the anticodon of tRNA UAC? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer. Answer: AUG.
- Which tRNA anticodon corresponds to the GCT triplet in the DNA molecule? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer. Answer: HCU.
- Which mRNA codon corresponds to the AAT triplet in the DNA molecule? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer. Answer: WOW.
- How many ATP molecules are synthesized as a result of the preparatory stage of energy metabolism? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 0.
- How many ATP molecules are synthesized as a result of the anoxic step of glucose catabolism? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 2.
- How many ATP molecules are synthesized as a result of the oxygen stage of energy metabolism? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 36.
- How many ATP molecules are synthesized as a result of the complete breakdown of glucose? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 38.
- Which triplet of the mRNA molecule is complementary to the ATC codon of the DNA molecule? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer. Answer: WAG.
- In the process of glycolysis, 32 glucose molecules underwent cleavage. How many ATP molecules were formed as a result of glycolysis? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 64.
- The translation process involved tRNA molecules with anticodons AUG, GAA, UAU. What is the structure of the mRNA molecule fragment on which translation takes place? Write down the corresponding sequence of letters in your answer. Answer: WOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO.
Kirilenko A. A. Biology. USE. Chapter " Molecular biology". Theory, training tasks. 2017.
- There are 48 chromosomes in the somatic cell of a potato. What set of chromosomes does potato sperm contain? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 24.
- In DNA, nucleotides with guanine account for 21%. Determine the percentage of nucleotides with thymine that make up the molecule. Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 29.
- The molecular weight of the polypeptide is 25,000. Determine the number of amino acids in the polypeptide if molecular mass one amino acid is equal to 100 on average. In your answer, write down only the corresponding number. Answer: 250.
- How many nucleotides does mRNA contain if the protein synthesized from it consists of 210 amino acid residues? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 630.
- How many chromosomes are contained in the somatic cells of durum wheat if there are 14 chromosomes in its germ cells? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 28.
- What percentage of nucleotides with adenine and thymine does the DNA molecule contain in total if the proportion of its nucleotides with cytosine is 36% of the total? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 28.
- How many polar bodies are formed as a result of oogenesis from one diploid primary germ cell? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 3.
- How many eggs are formed as a result of oogenesis from one diploid primary germ cell. Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 1.
- There are 32 chromosomes in the somatic cell of the body of a freshwater hydra. What set of chromosomes does a Hydra egg have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 16.
- The molecular weight of the polypeptide is 20,000. Determine the number of nucleotides of the coding region of DNA (gene), if the molecular weight of one amino acid is on average 100. In your answer, write down only the corresponding number. Answer: 600.
- Determine the number of amino acids in the protein if 190 tRNA molecules participated in the translation process. Write down only the appropriate number of amino acids in your answer. Answer: 190.
- A pig has 38 chromosomes in its somatic cells. How many chromosomes are in a pig embryo? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 38.
- How many nucleotides in a gene encode the sequence of 40 amino acids in a protein molecule? Write only the number in your answer. Answer: 120.
- The nucleus of a reindeer egg contains 35 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the sperm nucleus of this animal? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 35.
- The somatic cells of a dog contain 78 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does a dog's spermatozoon have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 39.
- The stinging cell of a freshwater hydra has 32 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does a Hydra egg have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 16.
- There are 40 chromosomes in a duck egg. What set of chromosomes does a duck skin cell have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 80.
- In DNA, nucleotides with thymine (T) account for 37%. Determine the percentage of nucleotides with guanine (G) that make up the molecule. Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 13.
- How many autosomes does a chicken egg contain if there are 78 chromosomes in somatic cells? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 38.
- How many sex chromosomes does a skin cell of a male clawed frog contain if the diploid set is 36 chromosomes. Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 2.
- How many DNA molecules does a lily leaf cell contain during the metaphase of mitosis, if there are 24 of them in the lily seed embryo cells? Write down only the number of DNA molecules in your answer. Answer: 48.
- The diploid set of donkey chromosomes is 66 chromosomes. How many DNA molecules does a donkey cell contain after completion of telophase meiosis 1? In your answer, write down only the appropriate number of DNA molecules. Answer: 66.
- How many nucleotides with guanine does a DNA molecule contain if the number of nucleotides with adenine is 75, which is 15% of the total? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 175.
- How many chromosomes does a guinea pig cell in meiotic prophase 2 contain, if there are 16 of them in somatic cells? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 8.
- The diploid set of a cockroach is 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a cockroach cell have at the end of interphase before mitosis? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 48.
- A fragment of a DNA molecule encodes 76 amino acids. How many triplets does this fragment of the DNA molecule contain? Write down the corresponding number of triplets in your answer. Answer: 76.
- One strand of a DNA molecule contains 35% of nucleotides with thymine (T). Determine the percentage of nucleotides with adenine in the mRNA molecule that is synthesized on this DNA template. Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 35.
- A fragment of a DNA molecule has following structure: - TAAGTGATTAAGCCG - . How many amino acids does this fragment encode? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 5.
- An mRNA molecule contains 150 nucleotides with adenine, which is 15% of the total number of nucleotides. How many nucleotides (in%) with thymine does one of the strands of the DNA molecule contain? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 15.
- How many nucleotides does a fragment of an mRNA molecule contain if this fragment encodes 38 amino acids? Write down the corresponding number in your answer. Answer: 114.
- The set of chromosomes of the Drosophila egg cell is 4. What set of chromosomes do the somatic cells of Drosophila have? Write down the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 8.
- The set of chromosomes of germ cells of red clover is 7. What set of chromosomes do the trifoliate leaves of red clover have? Write down the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 14.
- A mouse somatic cell contains 40 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes will be in the egg of this animal? Write down the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 20.
- Diploid set of chromosomes of pea sowing 14 chromosomes. What is the haploid set of chromosomes of this plant? Write down the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 7.
- How many types of gametes does an individual heterozygous for one gene form? Write down the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 2.
- How many types of gametes does a diheterozygous individual form with independent inheritance of traits? Write down the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 4.
- It is known that calories plant food 1000 J. How much energy (in J.) is stored in the body of a herbivore when it is eaten? In the body of a predator? Answer: 100 J, 10 J.
- A fish sperm contains 28 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does a fish somatic cell have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 56.
- A protein consists of 140 amino acid residues. How many nucleotides are in the region of the gene in which the primary structure of this protein is encoded? Answer: 420.
- What is the number of amino acids encoded in the gene section containing 129 nucleotide residues? Answer: 43.
- The somatic cell of wheat contains 28 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does her sperm have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 14.
- Cherries have 24 chromosomes per endosperm cell. What set of chromosomes does a leaf cell have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 16.
- How many tRNAs took part in the synthesis of a protein that includes 130 amino acids? Write the correct number in your answer. Answer: 130.
- An mRNA molecule takes part in protein synthesis, the fragment of which contains 96 nucleotide residues. Determine the number of nucleotide residues in the region of the DNA template chain that carry information about the primary structure of the protein. Answer: 96.
- The polypeptide region consists of 28 amino acid residues. Determine the number of nucleotides in the mRNA region containing information about the primary structure of the protein. Answer: 84.
- How many transport RNA molecules were involved in translation if the gene section contains 930 nucleotide residues? Answer: 310.
- How many DNA molecules are contained in a human somatic cell before mitosis if its karyotype is 46 chromosomes? 92.
- There are 48 chromosomes in the somatic cell of the chimpanzee body. What set of chromosomes does a chimpanzee sperm cell have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 24.
- There are 40 chromosomes in the somatic cell of the mouse body. What set of chromosomes does a mouse spermatozoon have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 20.
- There are 42 chromosomes in the somatic cell of the rat body. What set of chromosomes does a rat spermatozoon have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 21.
- There are 60 chromosomes in a somatic cell of a cat's body. What set of chromosomes does a cat's spermatozoon have? And write down the answer only the number of chromosomes. Answer: 30.
- Pigeon sperm contains 40 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does the somatic cell of the body of a pigeon have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 80.
- Drosophila sperm contains 4 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does the somatic cell of the Drosophila body have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 8.
- The spermatozoon of a horse contains 32 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does the somatic cell of the horse's body have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 64.
- Crab sperm contains 127 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does a crab somatic cell have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 254.
- There are 14 chromosomes in a rye leaf cell. What set of chromosomes do endosperm cells of rye seed have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 21.
- There are 30 chromosomes in a corn seed endosperm cell. What set of chromosomes does a corn egg have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 10.
- There are 8 chromosomes in the somatic cell of Drosophila. What set of chromosomes does the egg of this organism have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 4.
- There are 20 chromosomes in a somatic cell. What set of chromosomes does the sex cell of this organism have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 10.
- The sperm of a flowering plant contains 10 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes do the endosperm cells of this plant have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 30
- A fragment of a protein molecule consists of 30 amino acids. How many nucleotide triplets encode this fragment? In your answer, write down only the number of nucleotide triplets. Answer: 30.
- A diploid egg contains 12 chromosomes. What set of chromosomes does the somatic cell of this organism have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 24.
- A fragment of a DNA molecule contains 15% adenine. How much thymine is in this DNA fragment? In the answer, write down only the amount of thymine. Answer: 15.
- A fragment of a protein molecule consists of 20 amino acids. How many nucleotides code for this fragment? Write down only the number of nucleotides in your answer. Answer: 60.
- A fragment of a DNA molecule contains 10% adenine. How many thymine and guanine are in this DNA fragment? In your answer, write down only the amount of thymine and guanine in total. Answer: 50.
- There are 8 chromosomes in the somatic cell of Drosophila. What set of chromosomes does the spermatozoon of this organism have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 4.
- A fragment of a protein molecule consists of 25 amino acids. How many tRNA molecules were involved in the biosynthesis of this fragment of the protein molecule? In your answer, write down only the number of tRNA molecules. Answer: 25.
- How many nucleotides does the tRNA anticodon contain? Write down only the number of nucleotides in your answer. Answer: 3.
- A fragment of a DNA molecule contains 20% thymine. How much adenine is in this DNA fragment? In the answer, write down only the amount of adenine. Answer: 20.
- A male somatic cell normally contains 46 chromosomes. How many X chromosomes are in his somatic cells? In your answer, write down only the number of X chromosomes. Answer: 1.
- A woman's somatic cell normally contains 46 chromosomes. How many sex chromosomes are in her somatic cells? In your answer, write down only the number of sex chromosomes. Answer: 2.
- A fragment of a DNA molecule contains 10% thymine. How many adenine and guanine are in this DNA fragment? In your answer, write down only the amount of adenine and guanine in total. Answer: 50.
- How many tRNA molecules took part in the synthesis of a protein fragment if the mRNA molecule fragment contains 20 codons? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 20.
- How many chromosomes does a somatic cell of an animal have if its gametes contain 30 chromosomes? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 60.
- The sperm of an animal contains 39 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does his somatic cell have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 78.
- How many triplets encode 18 amino acids contained in a protein fragment? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 18.
- How many DNA molecules does the cherry sperm nucleus have if the pollen nuclei contain 16 chromosomes each? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 16.
- How many sex chromosomes does a human egg contain? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 1.
- What number of codons does a fragment of an mRNA molecule contain if its template fragment has 120 nucleotides? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 40.
- How many DNA molecules do 8 chromosomes contain in a Drosophila body cell before mitosis? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 16.
- Determine the number of chromosomes in a leaf cell if the sperm contains 8 chromosomes? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 16.
- How many tRNA molecules were involved in translation if the gene section contains 300 nucleotide residues? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 100.
- How many DNA molecules are contained in a human somatic cell before meiosis if its karyotype is 46 chromosomes? Answer: 92.
- How many DNA molecules does a root cell contain at the end of interphase if there are 28 chromosomes in its nucleus? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 56.
- How many autosomes are contained in a human somatic cell if its karyotype is 46 chromosomes? Write down only the appropriate number in your answer. Answer: 44.
- There are 56 chromosomes in the somatic cell of the fish body. What set of chromosomes does a fish spermatozoon have? Write down only the number of chromosomes in your answer. Answer: 28.