Time of Troubles. Russian history
P.F. Basmanov belonged to the old Moscow boyar family of the Pleshcheevs. Representatives of this genus were especially able to advance during the oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible. Father P.F. Basmanov - F.A. Basmanov was a kravchim and a favorite of Ivan IV. In 1570, he fell into disgrace and died under unknown circumstances. Pyotr Fedorovich began his service at the court of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich as a steward. During the Narva campaign of the king in 1590, together with his brother, he had to perform the duties of a rynd. But because of localism with Prince A.A. Telyatevsky was removed from service. In the summer of 1591, he participated in the defense of Moscow from the troops of the Crimean Khan Kazy-Girey and, together with other stewards, received a gold award. Basmanov's career growth began only under B.F. Godunov. In the Serpukhov campaign of the tsar in 1598, he received the position of a bowler. Then he was repeatedly appointed governor of the Advanced Regiment, which guarded the southern borders of the state. In February 1600, Pyotr Fedorovich received the rank of roundabout. In August 1601, he took part in the solemn meeting of the Danish prince Johann, the groom of Princess Xenia. In October 1604, he was sent to Novgorod-Seversky to organize defense against the troops of False Dmitry I. For the successful repulsion of enemy attacks and bold attacks, he was awarded the boyars and recalled to Moscow. After the death of Tsar Boris, he was appointed the second commander of the Big Regiment in the royal army stationed near Kromy. However, this appointment seemed to Basmanov a derogation of family honor, since his longtime rival Prince A.A. Telyatevsky turned out to be taller than him. Pyotr Fedorovich entered into an agreement with his relatives on the female line, the princes Golitsyns, and went over to the side of the impostor. Together with the boyar M.G. Saltykov in mid-May, he went to Putivl and recognized in False Dmitry the true royal son. After that, he became one of the most trusted persons of the false king. In the government, he taught the post of head of the Streltsy order and was personally involved in the security of False Dmitry. It was he who found out about the first conspiracy of V.I. Shuisky and exposed him. He was instructed to organize the public execution of the prince-conspirator. But at the last minute he was pardoned. During the second conspiracy on May 17, 1606, he tried to defend the impostor, but was killed by the conspirators. First the body of P.F. Basmanov was exhibited on Red Square, then his relatives were allowed to bury him at the Church of St. Nicholas Wet.
Although the conspirators planned to kill Marina Mnishek as well, they failed to find her. Polish eyewitnesses of her rescue described it this way: “At that time, the queen (she was not yet cleaned, and everyone in her retinue remained bare-haired, had just jumped up after sleep and barely had time to put on skirts), hearing the uproar in the fortress, ran out, wanting to know what's happening. Hearing the bad news that the king was killed, she began to think what to do. She went downstairs and hid in the cellar under the vaults, but when she was not advised to stay there, she returned upstairs again. When she got up, they pushed her down the stairs, not knowing who it was ... However, she reached the hut and remained there among the women. In the meantime, traitors were sent to these chambers ... They broke into the hut where the queen was with women. They no longer killed women, they only fell into robberies, rushing into the chambers in which they slept. At this time, the elder boyars arrived, dispersed the mob and put guards so that they would no longer dare to encroach on women. All things - both the queens and women - were hidden in the pantries behind the seals. (Diary of Marina Mnishek, p. 56.)
Thus, Marina was saved only by the fact that the conspirators did not recognize her without magnificent outfits and a beautiful hairstyle. After all, without all this, she was a small, thin girl with a faded, expressionless face.
In the afternoon, the main conspirators, led by V.I. The Shuiskys had to calm down the raging Muscovites. They were forbidden to rob royal palace and the most famous Poles. The houses of Yuri Mnishek and his closest relatives, the sons and son-in-law of Konstantin Vishnevetsky, were taken under guard. In addition, it was ordered to return all the loot. But, as I. Massa noted, only horses and carriages were returned, which were difficult to hide. Jewelry, gold, beautiful clothes and household utensils were completely gone.
By evening, guards were posted everywhere in the city and silence was established. The boyars soon learned that 1,500 Poles and 800 Muscovites had been killed during street battles. In addition, many foreign merchants who had nothing to do with False Dmitry and were in Moscow on business affairs lost their property. But the boyars did not promise to compensate them for their losses, since the royal treasury was empty. In less than a year, False Dmitry squandered the treasures accumulated by his predecessors over decades.
Undoubtedly, the impostor had certain merits, but at his core he was an adventurer, incapable of intelligently managing the Russian state. In this regard, the characteristic that I. Massa gave him is interesting.
“He (Dmitry) was a strong and stocky man, without a beard, broad-shouldered, with a thick nose, near which there was a blue wart, yellow-faced, swarthy, possessed great strength in his hands, his face had a wide and large mouth; he was brave and fearless, he loved bloodshed, although he did not let it be noticed. There was not a single boyar or clerk in Moscow who had not experienced his severity, and he had outlandish plans, for he was going to besiege Narva in the winter and would have done this if the boyars had not dissuaded him because of the inconvenient time. He also sent ... a lot of ammunition and supplies to the city of Yelets, in order to attack Tataria first of all, but he secretly planned to attack Poland in order to conquer it and expel the king or seize it with the help of treason, and thought so to completely subordinate Poland to Muscovy.
First of all, this was advised to him by many Poles, such as Sandomiersky, Vishnevetsky and others. In a word, he had great and outlandish plans, and he set out to exterminate all the Moscow boyars and noble families, and appointed a day for this ... There is no doubt that if it happened according to his intention and on the advice of the Jesuits, he would have done a lot of evil and caused great misfortune to the whole world with the help of the Roman Curia. (Massa I. Brief news about Muscovy. S. 120-121.)
The grandiose plans of False Dmitry to conquer neighboring countries would have exhausted Russia and brought innumerable disasters to the Russian people. True, his death did not bring peace and quiet to the state. Many contemporaries noted that literally the day after the death of the impostor, rumors began to spread throughout the country about his new miraculous salvation. Secret supporters claimed that the corpse displayed on Red Square did not belong to "Dmitry", since he had a black beard and long hair, which the tsar did not have. In addition, the best horses were missing in the royal stable, and a large state seal. On the road leading to Poland, they saw several unknown riders rushing at full speed to the west. As a result, very soon the top of Russian society split in two: some supported the conspirators and agreed to recognize their leader V.I. Shuisky, others firmly believed that the son of Ivan the Terrible was alive and that one should fight again for the return of the Moscow throne to him.
In the lower classes, the idea of imposture turned out to be tenacious and attractive. She let ordinary people nominate candidates for the royal throne from among themselves and with their help deal with the hated nobility. So in the Cossack environment, a multitude of never-existing royal children appeared: Tsarevich Petrusha - allegedly the son of Tsar Fedor Ivanovich, August - the son of Ivan the Terrible, either from A. Koltovskaya, or from A. Vasilchikova, Osinovik and Lavrenty - the sons of Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich from different wives and others. Around each of them gathered a gang of fellows who were engaged in the robbery of rich people and ravaged small towns. Eventually most of country has become an arena of endless internecine battles. This was immediately taken advantage of by foreign invaders in the person of the Polish and Swedish kings and began not only to seize the border territories, but also to try to subjugate the entire state.
So the adventure of a clever rogue, who wanted to sit on the royal throne and get the hand and heart of a Polish lady, put Russia on the brink of death. The Troubles started by him was overcome by the efforts of the entire Russian people only by 1613, but its consequences made themselves felt almost until the end of the 17th century.
Basmanov Petr Fedorovich (? -1606)
In the house of his stepfather, the boyar Prince Vasily Yurievich Golitsyn, Pyotr Fedorovich received a good upbringing, which had a beneficial effect on the development of his rich natural abilities. Freed by Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich from the family disgrace that had haunted the Basmanovs since the time of the Terrible, he was granted the stewardship, and from that time on, the exaltation and glory of Pyotr Fedorovich began, who inherited, according to N.M. Karamzin, "the spirit of the reigns of the father and grandfather, with a conscience inclined, not strict, ready for good and evil for primacy among people."
Boris Godunov, who saw only merit in him, in 1599 sent him with the rank of voivode to build a fortress on the Valuika River, in 1601 granted him to the okolnichy, and in 1604 sent him along with Prince Trubetskoy with an army against the first Pretender, mainly for defense of Chernigov. But since on the way they heard about the capture of this city by the Pretender, they decided to lock themselves in Novgorod-Seversky, which was soon approached by the troops of False Dmitry.
Then, in a moment of danger, Basmanov appeared in all the splendor of his virtues and took precedence over Trubetskoy. He accepted the leadership in the city and with his courage, loyalty and prudence successfully fought against the betrayal and fear of the townspeople; repulsed the attack of False Dmitry, rejected all his flattering offers and bought time for the appearance of the militia under the walls of the city of Borisov. With the arrival of reinforcements, he successfully sally (December 21, 1604) finally forced the Pretender to lift the siege. For this, Basmanov was awarded by Tsar Boris. Summoned to Moscow, he was met by the noblest boyars, and Boris sent his own sleigh for his solemn entry. From the hands of the tsar, he received a golden dish with chervonets, many silver vessels, a rich estate, a duma boyar, and two thousand rubles in money.
The boyars, who stood at the helm of the government, looked at Pyotr Basmanov as the best and most reliable defender of the fatherland, and they did not hesitate to give him the main command over the troops after the death of Boris. But, having reached this position, Basmanov went even further in his ambitious aspirations. He wanted to become the first in a row of boyars and the only royal adviser. On April 17, he swears allegiance to the new Tsar Fedor, the son of Boris Godunov, and on May 7 he moves to the camp of False Dmitry along with the entire army.
By his crossing, he opened the long-desired path to Moscow for the Pretender, and by this alone he acquired the right to a significant reward. Indeed, during the entire reign of False Dmitry Basmanov, he played an outstanding role, was his only faithful slander and defender until the last minute. But False Dmitry and Basmanov did not triumph for long.
The memorable morning of May 17, 1606 came, the alarm rang in Moscow, the people broke into the Kremlin. Basmanov, who spent the night in the palace of the Pretender, was awakened by the rising noise, decided to defend False Dmitry to the last opportunity. With a sword in hand, he stopped at the door, blocking the entrance to the inner chambers where the Pretender was located, cut the head of one unarmed nobleman who burst in, and immediately fell under the blows of the nobleman Tatishchev's knife.
His naked remains, along with the corpse of False Dmitry, were exhibited at the Execution Ground, and only a few days later his half-brother Golitsyn received permission to bury the body at the Church of St. Nicholas Wet.
Bibliography
For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://ezr.narod.ru/ were used.
Basmanov Pyotr Fyodorovich- boyar and governor, the eldest of 2 sons of F. A. Basmanov from marriage with S. G. Zhelyabuzhskaya. After the execution of his father and grandfather, his mother remarried (to the boyar Prince V. Yu. Golitsyn), and Basmanov, together with his younger brother Ivan, received a good upbringing in a princely family. In December-January 1590, he was mentioned in the tsar's retinue as a rynda "at a friend's spear" during a campaign to Narva. In the same year he received the rank of steward. In April 1599, he led the advanced regiment to Novosil in connection with the attack of Khan Kazy-Girey Bora on the southern border, after which in the same year he led the construction of the Valuyki fortress. Since 1601, he was a roundabout, approximate tsar, he mainly served in Moscow, with the person of the tsar, participating in many palace ceremonies. In 1603 he was sent as the 1st governor to Ivangorod. At the same time, the 2nd voivode, Prince G.P. Romodanovsky, spoke with him, but he lost the argument, “and the sovereign ... Boris Fedorovich ... indicated to Prince Grigory Ramodanovsky and ahead of him to be Okolnichev Petr Fedorovich Basmanov.”
In 1604 he successfully withstood a 3-week siege of troops in Novgorod-Seversky False Dmitry I and with the approach of reinforcements, a successful sortie forced the enemy to retreat from the city. For this he was granted to the boyars, received a rich estate, a golden dish with chervonets, a lot of silver and 2 thousand rubles in money. Tsar Boris laid big hopes on this talented and ambitious governor. However, after the death of Godunov (April 1605), the all-powerful boyar S. N. Godunov ordered the appointment of his son-in-law, Prince. A. A. Telyatevsky-Khripun higher than Basmanov, which caused a strong protest from the latter and pushed him to betray the Godunovs when he went to lead the army besieging the Kroms occupied by G. Otrepyev. On May 7, 1605, Basmanov suddenly went over to the side of the impostor and was included in his government. With his betrayal of the oath given to the new Tsar Fyodor Godunov, Basmanov opened the way for False Dmitry to Moscow. An important role in Basmanov's betrayal was played by his close relationship with the initiators of the conspiracy near Kromy - princes V.V. and I.V. Golitsyn. In 1606, Basmanov, during the uprising of Muscovites, was killed along with False Dmitry, defending his new master until the last minute. With a saber in hand, he stood at the door of his bedroom, blocking the entrance to False Dmitry, cut the head of the first unarmed nobleman who rushed at him, but nobleman M. G. Tatishchev immediately stabbed him with a knife. The naked corpses of B. and the impostor were exhibited at the Execution Ground, and only a few days later his half-brother, Prince I.V. Golitsyn, was able to bury Basmanov at the church of St. Nicholas Wet. He left no offspring. With him, the Basmanov family came to an end.
Pyotr Fedorovich Basmanov, the son of F. A. Basmanov, remained a minor after the death of his father. His mother married another time to the boyar Prince Vasily Yuryevich Golitsyn, who died in 1585. In the house the last Peter Fedorovich received a good upbringing, which had a beneficial effect on the development of his rich natural abilities. Released together with his brother, Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, from ancestral disgrace, he was granted the stewardship, and from that time begins the exaltation and glory of Pyotr Fedorovich, who inherited, according to Karamzin, “the spirit of the reigns of his father and grandfather, with a conscience deviated, not strict, ready for good and evil for primacy among people. Boris Godunov, who saw only merit in him, in 1599 sent him with the rank of voivode to build a fortress on the Valuyka River, where the county town of the same name is now, in 1601 he granted okolnichy and in 1604 sent him along with Prince Trubetskoy with an army against the first Pretender, mainly to protect Chernigov. But since on the way they heard about the capture of this city by the Pretender, they decided to lock themselves in Novgorod-Seversky, which was soon approached by the troops of False Dmitry. Then, in a moment of danger, Basmanov appeared in all the splendor of his virtues and took over Trubetskoy. He accepted the leadership in the city and with his courage, loyalty and prudence successfully fought against the betrayal and fear of the townspeople; repulsed the attack of False Dmitry, rejected all his flattering offers and bought time for the appearance of the militia under the walls of the city of Borisov. With the arrival of reinforcements, he successfully sally (December 21, 1604) finally forced the Pretender to lift the siege. For such an extraordinary feat, P.F. Basmanov was awarded by Tsar Boris and a rare award. Summoned to Moscow, he was met by the noblest boyars, and Boris sent his own sleigh for his solemn entry. From the hands of the tsar, he received a golden dish with chervonets, many silver vessels, a rich estate, a noble boyar, and 2,000 rubles (about 10 million today's rubles) in money. Such favors rendered by Boris made all the boyars who stood at the helm of the government look at Basmanov as the best and most reliable defender of the fatherland, and they did not hesitate to give him, after the death of Boris, the main command over the troops. But having achieved such greatness, Basmanov went even further in his ambitious aspirations. He wanted to become the first in a row of boyars and the only royal adviser. Sent by the successor of Boris Godunov, his son Fyodor, and admonished with the words: “serve us as you served my father,” Basmanov swears allegiance and on April 17 takes the oath to Fyodor Borisovich of the army entrusted to him, and on May 7 he goes to the camp of False Dmitry, and for him and his army. By his crossing, he opened the long-desired path to Moscow for the Pretender, and by this alone he acquired the right to a significant reward. Indeed, during the entire reign of False Dmitry Basmanov, he played an outstanding role, was his only faithful slander and defender until the last minute. Fortunately, False Dmitry and Basmanov did not triumph for long. The memorable morning of May 17, 1606 came, the alarm rang in Moscow, the people broke into the Kremlin. Basmanov, who spent the night in the palace of the Pretender, was awakened by the rising noise, decided to defend False Dmitry to the last opportunity. With a sword in hand, he stopped at the door, blocking the entrance to the inner chambers where the Pretender was located, cut the head of one unarmed nobleman who burst in, and immediately fell under the blows of the nobleman Tatishchev's knife. His naked remains, along with the corpse of False Dmitry, were exhibited at the frontal place, and only a few days later his half-brother Golitsyn received permission to bury the body at the Church of St. Nicholas Wet.
Pyotr Fyodorovich Basmanov
Basmanov Petr Fedorovich (d. 17.V.1606) - Russian governor, steward (1590). In 1599, he supervised the construction of the Valuyki fortress. From 1601 he was a courtier, close associate of Tsar Boris Godunov. In 1604, he successfully withstood a 3-week siege by the troops of False Dmitry I in Novgorod Seversky, for which he received the rank of boyar. After the death of Boris Godunov in April 1605, he was appointed commander of the troops besieging Kromy occupied by False Dmitry I. May 7, 1605 suddenly went over to his side and was part of his government. Later he was killed along with False Dmitry I during the uprising of Muscovites.
Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 2. BAAL - WASHINGTON. 1962.
Basmanov, Pyotr Fedorovich (1568-1606) - governor, close associate of Tsar Boris Godunov. Grandson of A. D. Basmanov. Steward since 1590. From 1599 - okolnichiy, from 1605 - boyar. Under Boris Godunov, he made a brilliant career. He was a military leader, as N. I. Kostomarov wrote, "smart, quick, brave, who knew military affairs and knew how to keep his subordinates in obedience." Skillfully and resolutely defended Novgorod-Seversky from the troops of False Dmitry I (1604). However, after the death of Boris Godunov, he betrayed his son Tsar Fyodor Godunov. In May 1605, near Kromy, he went over to the side of False Dmitry I and became his confidant. He was the head of the Streltsy order.
During the uprising on May 17, 1606, Basmanov was killed by Muscovites. His corpse was put on public display along with the body of False Dmitry. The Frenchman J. Margeret wrote that “the late Dmitry, dead and naked, was dragged past the monastery of the empress - his mother - to the square ... and they put the said Dmitry on a table about a arshin long, so that the head hung on one side and the legs on the other, and the said Peter Basmanov was put under the said table.
V. N. Nikulin.
Russian historical encyclopedia. T. 2. M., 2015, p. 361.
Basmanov Petr Fedorovich (sk. 1606), under Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, was close to the court and appointed steward. Boris Godunov, assessing Basmanov's abilities, in 1599 appointed him governor in the city of Valuiki, and in 1601 elevated him to the rank of okolnichiy. In 1604, when an impostor appeared (see: False Dmitry I), Basmanov was sent to the Chernigov region and firmly withstood the siege, locking himself in Novgorod-Seversky. He repelled the attack of the impostor, did not allow the city to be set on fire and forced the siege to be lifted. Boris Godunov summoned the brave leader to Moscow, arranged for him a solemn entry, gave him a rich estate, a lot of money and gifts, and the dignity of a boyar. After the death of Boris, Basmanov was appointed by Tsar Fedor the second governor of a large regiment (according to local accounts, Katyrev-Rostovsky was the first), moved against the impostor, but, seeing that the Godunovs' case was lost, on May 7, 1605, in agreement with the princes Golitsyn and M. Saltykov, he moved together with the army entrusted to him on the side of the applicant, thanks to which he opened a free path to Moscow for him. Basmanov himself with other traitors went to meet the impostor at Orel. Under False Dmitry I, Basmanov was the person closest to him. During the reign of the Pretender, Basmanov showed him his devotion: when Vasily Shuisky began to spread rumors that the tsar was not at all a true prince, and these rumors reached Basmanov, he informed the tsar. It is known that the impostor pardoned Shuisky for intrigues, only exiling him to the Galician suburbs. On another occasion, Basmanov warned False Dmitry about the rumors spread by the archers, and during the antics of M. I. Tatishchev and his quarrel with the impostor about the use of veal in fasting, Basmanov showed his influence on the king: at his request, Tatishchev not only was not exiled to Vyatka but also forgiven. When on May 17, 1606, the alarm sounded at night and the crowd rushed to the palace of the impostor, Basmanov negotiated with her and persistently asked the guards not to extradite False Dmitry. While he was urging the boyars gathered in the palace to remain loyal to the tsar, Tatishchev stabbed him. Basmanov fell dead, and this caused further bloodshed and the death of False Dmitry. When the mutilated corpse of the impostor was put up on Red Square, Basmanov's body was laid on a bench at his feet, but then buried near the church of St. Nicholas Wet.
Site materials used Big Encyclopedia Russian people - http://www.rusinst.ru
Basmanov Pyotr Fedorovich - boyar and governor, the eldest of 2 sons of F. A. Basmanov from marriage with S. G. Zhelyabuzhskaya. After the execution of his father and grandfather, his mother remarried (to the boyar Prince V. Yu. Golitsyn), and B., together with his younger brother Ivan, received a good upbringing as a prince. family. In Dec.-Jan. 1590 mention. in the retinue of the king with a rynda "at a friend's spear" during a trip to Narva. In the same year he received the rank of steward. In Apr. 1599 brought an advanced regiment to Novosil in connection with the attack of Khan Kazy-Girey Bora on the south. border, after which in the same year he supervised the construction of the Valuyki fortress. From 1601 - okolnichiy, approximate to Tsar Boris Godunov, he mainly served in Moscow, with the person of the Tsar, participating in many palace ceremonies. In 1603 he was sent as the 1st governor to Ivangorod. At the same time, the 2nd voivode, Prince. G.P. Romodanovsky, but he lost the argument, “and the sovereign ... Boris Fedorovich ... indicated to Prince Grigory Ramodanovsky and forward the menshi to be okolnichev Petr Fedorovich Basmanov.” In 1604, he successfully withstood a 3-week siege by the troops of False Dmitry I in Novgorod-Seversky and, with the approach of reinforcements, forced the enemy to retreat from the city. For this he was granted to the boyars, received a rich estate, a golden dish with chervonets, a lot of silver and 2 thousand rubles. money. Tsar Boris had high hopes for this talented and ambitious commander. However, after the death of Godunov (April 1605), the all-powerful boyar S. N. Godunov ordered the appointment of his son-in-law, Prince. A. A. Telyatevsky-Khripun is taller than B., which caused a strong protest from the latter and pushed him to betray the Godunovs when he went to lead the army besieging the Kroms occupied by G. Otrepyev. On May 7, 1605, B. suddenly went over to the side of the impostor and was included in his pr-va. With his betrayal of the oath given to the new Tsar Fyodor Godunov, B. opened the way for False Dmitry to Moscow. An important role in B.'s betrayal was played by his close relationship with the initiators of the conspiracy near Kromy - Prince. V. V. and I. V. Golitsyn. In 1606, during the uprising of Muscovites, he was killed along with False Dmitry, defending his new master until the last minute. With a saber in hand, he stood at the door of his bedroom, blocking the entrance to False Dmitry, cut the head of the first unarmed nobleman who rushed at him, but nobleman M. G. Tatishchev immediately stabbed him with a knife. The naked corpses of B. and the impostor were exhibited at the Execution Ground, and only a few days later his half-brother, Prince. I. V. Golitsyn - was able to bury B. at the church of St. Nicholas Wet. He left no offspring. With him, the Basmanov family came to an end.
Vladimir Boguslavsky
Material from the book: "Slavic Encyclopedia. XVII century". M., OLMA-PRESS. 2004.
Literature:
Margeret J. Condition Russian Empire and the Grand Duchy of Muscovy // Russia XVI-XVII centuries. through the eyes of foreigners. L., 1986. S. 225-286.
Was a favorite of Ivan the Terrible.
Peter's father was allegedly executed on the orders of Ivan the Terrible, after which his mother, noblewoman V. Basmanova-Sitskaya, remarried a boyar, Prince V. Yu. Golitsyn. The prince raised both sons of Basmanov in his family as his own children. Stolnik (since 1590), roundabout (since 1601), made a brilliant career under Boris Godunov. In 1604, for the courageous defense of Novgorod-Seversky from the troops of False Dmitry I, he was granted a boyar and richly awarded by Tsar Boris - he was summoned to Moscow, for which the Tsar's own sleigh was sent, he was met by noble boyars. From the hands of the tsar, he received a golden dish with chervonets, many silver vessels, a rich estate, a noble boyar, and 2,000 rubles in money (about 10 million in modern money). After the death of Godunov (April 1605), he swore allegiance to the new tsar Fyodor Borisovich Godunov and, relying on his services to the former tsar and the support of the boyars, tried to achieve the appointment of the chief governor over the tsarist army and the position of the only tsar's adviser. However, the influential boyar from the Godunov family, S. N. Godunov, achieved the appointment of his son-in-law, Prince A. A. Telyatevsky-Khripun, to this place, and Basmanov was removed from the court and appointed the second governor of the tsarist troops, besieging the occupied supporters of the impostor False Dmitry, the Don ataman Korela, the city of Kromy. Meanwhile, according to the concepts of localism, Basmanov, whose father under Ivan the Terrible held a higher position than Telyatevsky's grandfather, saw this as a mortal insult to his honor. Resentment prompted Basmanov to betray the Godunovs. On May 7, 1605, Basmanov suddenly went over to the side of the impostor and was included in his government. With his betrayal, Basmanov opened the way for False Dmitry to Moscow. An important role in the betrayal was played by Basmanov's close relationship with the initiators of the conspiracy near Kromy - the princes Golitsyn. In the future, Basmanov was one of the closest associates of False Dmitry until the last minute. In 1606, during the uprising of Muscovites with a saber in his hands, Basmanov stood at the door blocking the entrance to False Dmitry, but was killed by M. G. Tatishchev. Following was killed and False Dmitry. The naked corpses of Basmanov and the impostor were put on public display at the Execution Ground.
The late Dmitry, dead and naked, was dragged past the monastery of the Empress - his mother - to the square ... and they put the said Dmitry on a table about a arshin long, so that the head hung on one side and the legs on the other, and the said Peter Basmanov was placed under the said table
Only a few days later, his half-brother, Prince Golitsyn, received permission to bury the body at the church of St. Nicholas Wet. He did not leave offspring, thus ending the history of the Basmanov family.
In art
Pyotr Basmanov is one of actors tragedy by A. S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov". In the film of the same name based on it (directed by Sergei Fedorovich Bondarchuk), the role of Basmanov was played by Anatoly Vasilyev.
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Notes
Literature
- // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- // Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - St. Petersburg. -M., 1896-1918.
An excerpt characterizing Basmanov, Pyotr Fedorovich
- What? - in the middle of Denisov's presentation, Kutuzov said. - Ready?“Ready, your grace,” the general said. Kutuzov shook his head, as if to say: "How can one person do all this," and continued to listen to Denisov.
“I give you an honest noble word from a Hussian officer,” said Denisov, “that I am g” azog “wu of Napoleon’s messages.
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“Would you like Your Grace to come into the rooms,” the general on duty said in a displeased voice, “it is necessary to review the plans and sign some papers. - The adjutant who came out of the door reported that everything was ready in the apartment. But Kutuzov, apparently, wanted to enter the rooms already free. He winced...
“No, tell me to bring it, my dear, here is a table, I’ll look here,” he said. “Don’t go away,” he added, turning to Prince Andrei. Prince Andrei remained on the porch, listening to the general on duty.
During the report outside the front door, Prince Andrei heard a woman's whispering and the crunch of a woman's silk dress. Several times, looking in that direction, he noticed behind the door, in a pink dress and a purple silk scarf on her head, a plump, ruddy and beautiful woman with a dish, who, obviously, was waiting for the entry of the commander in chief. Adjutant Kutuzov explained to Prince Andrei in a whisper that it was the mistress of the house, the priest, who intended to serve bread and salt to his lordship. Her husband met the most illustrious with a cross in the church, she is at home ... "Very pretty," the adjutant added with a smile. Kutuzov looked back at these words. Kutuzov listened to the report of the general on duty (the main subject of which was criticism of the position under Tsarev Zaimishch) just as he listened to Denisov, just as he listened to the debate of the Austerlitz Military Council seven years ago. He apparently listened only because he had ears which, despite the fact that one of them had a sea rope, could not but hear; but it was obvious that nothing that the general on duty could tell him could not only surprise or interest him, but that he knew in advance everything that was said to him, and listened to all this only because he had to listen, how to listen singing prayer. Everything that Denisov said was sensible and clever. What the general on duty said was even more detailed and smarter, but it was obvious that Kutuzov despised both knowledge and mind and knew something else that was supposed to solve the matter - something else, independent of mind and knowledge. Prince Andrei closely followed the expression on the commander-in-chief's face, and the only expression that he could notice in it was an expression of boredom, curiosity about what a woman's whisper outside the door meant, and a desire to keep up appearances. It was obvious that Kutuzov despised the mind, and knowledge, and even the patriotic feeling that Denisov showed, but he did not despise the mind, not the feeling, not the knowledge (because he did not try to show them), but he despised them for something else. He despised them with his old age, his experience of life. One order, which Kutuzov made on his own behalf in this report, deviated to the looting of the Russian troops. At the end of the report, the rederal on duty presented the brightest for signature with a paper about the penalties from the army commanders at the request of the landowner for mowed green oats.
Kutuzov smacked his lips and shook his head after hearing this matter.
- Into the stove ... into the fire! And once and for all I tell you, my dear, - he said, - all these things are in the fire. Letting them mow bread and burn firewood for health. I do not order this and do not allow it, but I cannot exact it either. It is impossible without this. Firewood is chopped - chips fly. He glanced again at the paper. - Oh, the accuracy of the German! he said, shaking his head.