Ukrainians and Russian Slavs. "Ukrainians" are Turks, not Slavs
From the new Ukrainian "history" we know that the Ukrainians are almost "the only heirs of ancient Russia", the Slavs, the "center of Europe"!!!
Is it so?
Even Russian historians, sparing the national feelings of the “younger brothers”, constantly hushed up or tried not to notice and not attach importance to the powerful presence of the Turkic element in the history, language, culture, place names, surnames, and appearance of Ukrainians.
I think the time has come to look at all these facts objectively.
In Ukrainians, several elements can be distinguished:
A rather weak Russian element, because, as Grushevsky wrote, the lands of present-day Ukraine were empty after the Tatar and Polovtsian pogroms.
M. S. Grushevsky. Essay on the history of the Ukrainian people. Kyiv “Libid” 1991 “Kyiv and Kyiv land in general during the 12th century are rapidly falling into decay. Many reasons contributed to this. Turkic migration undermined the prosperity of the Polyana land; with the exception of the northern corner, it several times turned into a complete desert; the population ebbed to the north ... ”p. 62., the second element is rather superficial and alluvial Polish.
And, probably, the main element is related Turkic and Adyghe-Circassian. It is he who will be considered here. Facts and only facts !!! Let's start with linguistics!
A huge number of Ukrainian words. Movs are Turkic-Adyghe (approx. Adygs, Kasogs, Circassians, Kabarda - a group of related tribes, more or less mixed with the Turks).
The Ukrainian HATA (Turkic word) is built from adobe (a mixture of clay, manure and straw) (also a Turkic word), this alone shows where this technology was taken from.
How is the house enclosed? That's right, TYNOM (this is also a Turkic word)
How do they decorate the HOUSE surrounded by TYN? Correctly KYLYM (also a Turkic word).
What do Ukrainians wear? men? That's right, Turkic trousers, Turkic wide belts and hats.
Ukr. women wear PLAKHTA (also Turkism) and Turkic NAMYSTO.
What kind of army do Ukrainians have? Correct KOZAKI (also Turkism), what do they look like?
Just like the Pecheneg Turks, (which, by the way, Svyatoslav copied in his appearance), later the Polovtsians and Circassians looked the same: a tuft of hair not shaved at the back of the head, a sign of belonging to the Turkic military class, a Turkic earring in the ear (meaning what kind of son you are in family, if the only one, they took care of you), in the mouth LYULKA (Turkism) stuffed with TYUTYUN (Turkism) in the hands of BANDUR (Turkism). In which military units consist of Cossacks?
In KOSHAH (Turkism). Their symbol is BUNCHUK (Turkism).
The Ukrainian HAY "let" (for example, hi live independent Ukraine) is related to the Kabardian khei "want".
GAYDAMAK - right-bank gangs of robbers, FROM TURKISH GAYDE-MAK - TO BE DIFFERENT.
kurkul, kavun, kosh, kilim, bull, maidan, cauldron, kobza, kozak, leleka, nenka, hamanets, axe, ataman, bunchuk, chumak, kokhana, kut, domra, tyn, kat, hut, farm, nenka, tattoo, ruh, surma and richly something else - - all these are TURKIC WORDS!!!
THERE ARE MORE THAN 4000 TURKIC WORDS IN UKRAINIAN MOV!!!
(ENCYCLOPEDIA "UKRAINIAN MOVA" TURKISM. There are about 4,000 Türkic words in Ukrainian language (without uranium names).
Now to the UKRAINIAN EPOS.
Who is the favorite character there, occupying the same place as the Russian Alyosha Popovich and Dobrynya Nikitich? That's right, Cossack MAMAY. Here you can do without comments. Ukrainian surnames
Ending - KO has the meaning of “son” (kyo) in the Adyghe language, that is, in Ukraine, surnames were formed in the same way as in Russia, only in Russia “SON OF PETROV”, and the son remained simply Petrov (just like in Bulgaria and the Czech Republic , Slovakia), then in Ukraine they said: whose son is Petren's son, i.e. Petren-KO (in Turkic, Adyghe Son of Peter), etc., the same Turkic roots have surnames in -UK, -UK, (Turkic Gayuk , Tayuk, Kuchuk) Ukrainian Kravchuk, Mykolaichuk, etc.
In addition, a number of Ukrainian surnames remained absolutely Turkic Buchma, Kuchma (in Turkic it is a high pointed hat)!!!
Such a common Ukrainian surname as Shevchenko is of Adyghe origin, this surname appeared just at the time when the Kasogov and Cherkes tribes appeared in the Dnieper Cherkasy (hence the city of Cherkasy). It goes back to the word "sheudzhen", which the Circassians used to designate their Christian priests. Under the pressure of Islam, the Sheudzhens emigrated with part of the Circassians to Ukraine. Their descendants were naturally called "Shevdzhenko", "Shevchenko", it is known that in Adyghe "KO" means a descendant, a son. Another very common surname Shevchuk goes back to the Adyghe surname Shevtsuk. Mazepa is a Circassian surname, in the same form it exists in the Caucasus.
Compare these Adyghe and Tatar surnames with Ukrainian ones:
Kulko, Gerko, Zanko, Hadjiko, Kushko, Beshuko, Heishko, Shafiko, Nathko, Bahuko, Karahuko, Khazhuko, Koshroko, Kanuko, Hatko (c) (Hatk'o, "son of Hyat")
Maremuko - lit.: "son of holy Friday."
Tkheschoko - "son of God."
The famous Kabardian (Circassian) prince - Kemryuk.
Anchuk, Shevtsuk, Tatruk, Anshuk, Tleptseruk, the famous surname Khakmuchuk, Gonezhuk, Mashuk, Shamray, Shakhray.
Tatar khans - Tuzlyuk, Kuchuk, Payuk, Kutlyuk, Konezhuk, Tayuk, Barkuk, Yukuk, Buyuruk.
Who is the laureate Nobel Prize??? - Turk Orhan Pamuk. Almost our Kuzmuk.
There are many already Russified surnames, i.e. with the addition of -ov, for example:
Abroko - Abrokovs., Berokyo - Borokovs. Eguynokyo - Egunokov.
MANY SIMILAR TO UKRAINIAN PROPER NAMES:
“History of Circassia in the Middle Ages and modern times” “... one of the Circassian princes - Tokhtamysh Kaituko - was deprived of the princely title, and then he and his son Bezruko settled “near the river named after him - Tokhtamysh, not far from the Big and Small ZelenCHUK and Kabardian river Demenyuk ... "(note that no other Slavic people have surnames on - KO and - CHUK).
The next promising surname in terms of Adyghe etymology is Buta. This surname exists in Ukraine in the form of Butko, Buteyko, Butenko. A completely Circassian composite is the Ukrainian surname CHICKO, which is used in the same form in Adygea. Ukr. fam. Ananka, Onyshko, Opryshko, are an Abkhaz-Circassian composite. Of interest is the Kabardian surname GOGOLEV, actually GOGOL. This word is a purely Adyghe composite where - GOGO - has several interpretations at once. Now to Ukrainian toponymy
What do the "typically Slavic" names of settlements in central and western Ukraine mean??? KAGARLYK, DYMER, BUCHA, UZIN - (Kyiv region), UMAN, KORSUN, KUT, CHIGIRIN, CHERKASY - (Cherkasy region), BUCHACH - (Ternopil region), TURKA, SAMBOR, BUSK - (Lviv region), BAKHMACH, ICHNYA - (Chernihiv region), BURSHTYN, KUTY, KALUSH - (Ivano-Frank. Oyul.), KhUST - (Carpathian region), TURIYSK - (Volyn region), AKHTYRKA, BURYN - (Sumy region), ROMODAN - (Poltava region, the names of the villages Abazivka, Obezivka in the Poltava region, come from the Circassian nickname Abaza), KODYMA, GAYSAN - (Vinnitsa region), SAVRAN - (Kirovograd region), IZMAIL, TATARBUNARY, ARTSIZ and a huge number? In Russia, there are also Turkic names of settlements, but the Russians settled foreign lands in the Urals, Siberia, and the North, and naturally left other people's already existing names. And where do we get it from, if not our own?
What does it all say???
And he says that Kyiv, having fallen into disrepair already in the 12th century, when the center of Russian life moves north along with the population of Russia, fleeing from the nomadic steppe for the forests, a new process of ethnogenesis begins on the territory of southern Russia, the remnants of the glades and northerners are mixed with numerous Turkic already semi-sedentary tribes - the remnants of the Pechenegs, Polovtsians, Torks, Berendeys. Later, Tatars, Nogai are added to this melting pot. A mixed Slavic-Turkic ethnic group arises, called "Tatar people", and later called Ukrainians.
History reference:
M. S. Grushevsky. Essay on the history of the Ukrainian people. Kyiv "Libid" 1991
"... The territories around Kyiv were deserted in the 12th-13th centuries, ravaged too often by nomads, and were populated to a large extent by Turkic military colonists..." p.67.
“Kyiv and Kyiv land in general in the course of the 12th century are rapidly falling into decay. Many reasons contributed to this. Turkic migration undermined the prosperity of the Polyana land; with the exception of the northern corner, it several times turned into a complete desert; the population ebbed north…” p. 62.
“Having established himself in Galicia, Danilo undoubtedly had in mind to expand his influence in eastern Ukraine, taking Kyiv into his own hands. But on the road of these plans stood the Tatars and the movement of the "Tatar people", which was mentioned above, it covered the borders of Volyn with a wide strip, and in all likelihood in the areas closest to Kyiv ... Danilo begins a series of campaigns on the territory of the "Tatar people", seeking terror and devastation to suppress dangerous tendencies... The Horde sends forces under the leadership of Burundai... This made a terrible, overwhelming impression, Danilo became convinced of the impossibility of fighting the Tatars in Ukraine. The lands to the east were closed for him by a number of Tatar communities located near the eastern and southern borders of Volyn "p. 74
Grushevsky, as we see, writes about "Tatar communities near Volhynia", and the Tatar people - a new mixed population of the territory from the forests of Chernigov to Volhynia.
If this is written by a Ukrainian nationalist who does not neglect direct forgery, speaking of the “Ukrainian principalities” of the 10th-11th centuries, at a time when they were all called Russian then!!! You can imagine what really happened there!
Reference:
The Polovtsians are a Turkic nomadic people who formed in the 8th century in the steppes of Kazakhstan and southern Siberia (the upper reaches of the Irtysh River). In XI, the steppes of Eastern Europe were settled up to the Danube (“Polovtsian field”, Desht-i-Kipchak). Part of the Polovtsians went beyond the Danube, but most of them remained and mixed with the local population.
Part of the Polovtsiv flowed in at the 40s. R. XIII Art. before the Mongols to the Ugorshchina, under the wire of the father-in-law Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny, Kotyan from the Terter-Oba tribe; the stinks of a deaky hour were indulging in autonomy, but then they were pomaded.
But perhaps the greater part of the Polovtsians remained on their lands. Those who did not accept Islam joined the Ukrainian movable unity. The Polovtsi left a remarkable trace in the Ukrainian toponymy. Ale dosi Polovtsian names not only have not been completed, but have not yet been selected. Historical dzherela know the low strength and place of Polovtsy / Polovychi / Polovets, for example. in Dorichchu Rosi (1616), near Zhytomyr region (1593), on the river. Suli (before 1569) and so on.
(Omelyan Pritsak - "Polovtsi")
Torks (guzes, uzes) are one of the Turkic tribes that roamed the southern Russian steppes. In 985, the Torks took part as mercenaries in the campaign of St. Vladimir to Bulgarians. Some of the Torques occupied areas along the river in the 11th century. Rosi and submitted to the Russian princes. The center of these semi-sedentary torcs was the city of Torchesk. Another group of Torks settled on the left bank of the Dnieper, recognizing the power of the Pereyaslav prince. According to the news of the XII century, these torcs occupied the area near the city of Baruch.
Torquay left many traces in the toponymy of Ukraine: the rivers Torets and Torch, the Torsky Way along the Tetlyga River; villages - Torets, Torki, Torkiv, Toretske, Torchin.
Later, the most powerful Adyghe-Circassian composite (also largely Turkic) joins the already mixed Turkic-Slavic population. This process is connected with the formation of the Cossacks.
“The first Cossacks,” wrote V. N. Tatishchev, “a rabble from the mountain Circassians, came to the reign of Kursk in the 14th century, where they built the Cherkasy settlement and, under the protection of the Tatar governors, traded in theft and robbery, then they moved to the Dnieper and the city of Cherkasy on the Dnieper built."
V. Gatsuk, a Ukrainian researcher of the early 20th century, demonstrates the Circassian origin of the Zaporizhian Cossacks already in completely categorical terms: from the Kasogs. Kasogi-Circassians merged with the local Turkic-Slavic population and formed, together with them, the so-called Ukrainian tribe. From them, the present-day Ukrainians received those of their own characteristics that distinguish their pure type from the Great Russians - the dark color of their hair and eyes. the territory and people of Ukraine were called Cherkasy until the time of Catherine II. The difference between the terms Circassian and Cherkasy is completely arbitrary. The form "Circassian" supplanted the form "Cherkasy" only in the 19th century, and before that, the Circassians, in most cases, were called Cherkasy. And only during the reign of Emperor Alexander the 1st, when the Caucasian Circassians, who did not want to voluntarily submit, were declared “enemies of Russia,” official papers stopped calling the Little Russians Cherkas.”
Samir Khotko, a well-known specialist in the Adyghe peoples, writes:
“... The Mongol wars led to the fact that the Circassians themselves rushed to the steppe. The territories of modern Ukraine turned out to be especially attractive for them ... "
The Ukrainian historian D.N. Bantysh-Kamensky also adhered to the version of the Circassian origin of the first Cossack communities of the Dnieper region. The beginning of the Zaporizhzhya army, in his opinion, was laid precisely by the Circassians. He points to the fact that in the affairs of the collegiate archive, the Cossacks still appear under the name "Cherkas".
The center of the Dnieper Cherkasy was the Zaporizhzhya Sich on the island of Khortitsa. It is indicative that the toponym Khortitsa has quite an adequate Adyghe meaning. Khortitsa is only a slight distortion from khurtys (khurtis) "a place where men gather", where khur "a man" and t1tys "sit down". As you know, the Zaporizhzhya Sich was indeed a male assembly, where women were not allowed. The word "cut" goes back to the Adyghe SE "knife", "to cut"; hence the common meaning for Ukrainian, Russian and Polish is “cut”, as well as a checker (from seshkho “big knife”). THRESHOLD - general concept for Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish (prog). In the Adyghe peryokh (peryokhu) means "obstacle" and, apparently, initially this concept was related to the terrain, since the old Adyghe dwelling did not have a threshold. Almost the basic concept of Ukrainian life is HUTOR. Here, the influence of both the Adyghe language and the Adyghe way of life and settlement is also obvious. In the modern Adyghe farm is designated as kutyr.
The stay of ethnic Circassians in Ukraine was reflected in the genotype of the Ukrainian nation. For similarity appearance Ukrainians and Circassians drew the attention of such a major ethnographer as Af. Shafonsky, who compiled a fundamental description of the Ukrainians in 1786: “The current mountain Circassians, in terms of the appearance of the face, attire and in all the tricks, to this day are very similar to the inhabitants living in the lower places of the Dnieper, and especially to the former Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, they are similar, who, in general, are all Little Russians, from the old Circassians are called. But the features of significant similarity in the anthropological and ethnographic appearance of Ukrainians and Circassians are not a consequence of the assimilation of the latter in the 13th-18th centuries. century, but are also a consequence of the presence of an even MORE ANCIENT TYUSK population of this territory. - writes Shafonsky. Shafonsky noted the similarity of clothing and headdresses of Ukrainians and Circassians, as well as the remains of the dolmen culture in southern Ukraine, the monuments of which are directly related to the dolmen clusters of the Western Caucasus.
18th century author - Al. Rigelman, analyzing the ethnonym "Cherkasy" in relation to Ukrainians, noted: "... and if they (Ukrainians) had a special name, then they should be called Circassians, according to the descendants who came to Ukraine from Cherkasy Kabarda, Cherkasy, who, having mixed with Ukrainians in general, were called those the name by which they are still called to this day. Moreover, it also proves that the similarity of the face, clothing and several residence (ie, life). custom and in many respects ceremonies, equal with the Circassians have. The appearance of the Circassians in Ukraine Rigelman refers to XIV century when the city of Cherkasy was founded by them: “in the XIV century, when the Circassians came to these places from Kabarda under the power of the Tatars, having gathered a lot of rabble, they inhabited the settlements and hunted by theft, but for many complaints about them, the Tatar Baskak was transferred to the Dnieper and the city of Cherkasy they built, which is still called in the same place and with the same title, located on the right side of the river, below the city of Kanev, which is why all the Cossacks and all of Little Russia were then called Cherkasy, ... ". Speaking about the Ukrainian-Circassian relations, Rigelman relied not only on historical chronicle evidence of the resettlement of the Circassians in the Dnieper region, he emphasized the similarity of ethnonymy, material culture, anthropological type and customs. Rigelman was based, among other things, on his own observations, since he had been to the North Caucasus and was familiar with the culture and life of the Circassians.
Darkness, brachycephaly (a short but wide head, unlike the European type of long head prevailing in Russia), a weak beard (unlike Russian peasant and boyar beards to the waist !!!) - this is a typical sign of the Turkic peoples, and concurrently Ukrainian people.
Gogol also wrote (in “A Look at the Compilation of Little Russia”) that: “Slavic places near Kyiv began to empty, and meanwhile, on the other side of the Dnieper, crowded ... reckless bachelors ... began to kidnap Tatar wives and daughters and marry them. From this mixture, their facial features, at first diverse in character, received a common physiognomy, more Asian. And so a people was formed, belonging to Europe by faith and place of residence, but, meanwhile, by way of life, customs, costume, completely Asian. Immediately, Gogol expresses the opinion that it is to Asian influence that such characteristic features of his fellow tribesmen as .... owe their origin.
If compared with Russians, for example, then anthropology data say that modern Russians are a European type, and Ukrainians are Turkic, more Asian. Europeans have a long head, Asians have a wide one.
The length of the skull for Russians of the Central Eastern European type is 191 mm, width - 154, for Ukrainians of the Central Ukrainian type - 187 and 157, respectively, but the real difference is not in the sum of the length and width of the skull, but in the height of the skull. Russians are relatively high-headed - 130–131 mm and above. Ukrainians - low-headed - 125–126 mm (data from Alekseev and Alekseeva).
Russians are closer to long-faced Caucasians, and Ukrainians are closer to Central Asian chubby Turks - this is known.
In general, Russians have 45% of bright eyes, Ukrainians have 35%.
The difference is greater when comparing the central types: 50% for Russians, 38% for Ukrainians. The difference in hair pigmentation is even more significant: Russians have about 35% of blondes, Ukrainians - 5% (Dyachenko's table).
All Ukrainians have bright eyes - 35% (see the table from Dyachenko, where ALL regions of Ukraine are written). Light hair - 5% (same table).
All Russian bright eyes have 45%. in ALL Russian blond hair - 30-35%, against 8% in the Central Ukrainian type (Dyachenko), etc. There was a study of the genome. Reading
...the results of mitochondrial DNA analysis, according to which Russians from Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units that separate them from Finns, but between Ukrainians from Lvov and Tatars the genetic distance is only 10 units. And at the same time, Ukrainians from the left-bank Ukraine are also genetically close to Russians...
“The anthropological type of Ukrainians demonstrates the culture of independence against the Polish, Belarusian and Great Russian types,” states S. Rudnitsky (Article 183). “Poles, Belarusians and Russians are anthropologically closer to each other; the Ukrainian, in his own line, already looks at all his sovereigns and, from an anthropological point of view, occupies a whole independent space ”(in op. Rudnitsky, art. 182).
It is a firm belief that “Ukrainians show some less anthropological similarities with Poles, Belarusians and Russians, even as, in their own hands, all the primordial peoples with Ukrainians show a great similarity among themselves, and close to the controversy”8
“The whole anthropological view of the Ukrainians,” Alekseeva wrote, “to talk about pivdenni vyazki, and, obviously, there is no way to give an analogy to you among the middle groups, like entering the stake of pіvnіchnyh evropeoїdіv.”
Now it becomes clear why the Ukrainians did not keep their own name - Russians, Rus. It becomes clear why the grand ducal dynasties were lost. And why is it all preserved only in Russia and partly in Belarus.
Baths were built in Ancient Russia (where, by the way, Olga burned the Drevlyansk ambassadors) as in Russia; in Russia they built log houses as in Russia; they drank mead, the recipes of which have been preserved only in Russia; in Russia they told epics that were preserved only in Russia (these are not fairy tales about the Cossack Mamai); chronicles and literary works were written in Russia, which, again, were preserved only in Russia (THE TALE OF TIME YEARS, albeit in copies BUT THEY SAVE - they knew OWN, the Word about Igor's regiment, etc.)
In Russia, a lot of architectural monuments of the times of Russia have been preserved.
In Ukraine, the oldest building dates back to 1324. Everything else is thoroughly rebuilt (like the Lavra in the Baroque style (!!!), which is passed off as an architectural monument of ancient Russia) and restored (like the Golden Gate) in Polish times.
This begs the question why the Ukrainians did not take care of all this, there is only one answer - it's not all of them.
One blogger will answer the question why Russians and Ukrainians are not Slavs...
The answer is because what the results of genetic analysis say about it. According to the media, there is no single Eastern Slavic community of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians. And never was. Russians and Ukrainians are not Slavs. And the Belarusians are quite Western Slavs, close relatives of the Poles. Everything that we were taught, if we talk about blood, in a modern, genetic, relationship, is nonsense. Who are the Russians then? The answer is simple, and not so unexpected. Russians are Slavicized Finno-Ugric peoples. Our closest blood relatives are Mari, Moksha, Mordovians, Komi, Udmurts, Hungarians, Finns, Karelians, Estonians. The new Russian citizen Zhora Depardyev, with some fantastic sixth sense, immediately determined what blood should be appealed to, looking for his way in the new Motherland. And received Mordovian registration. Down to the roots, so to speak.
True, here we must take into account that the Finno-Ugric peoples today are united in a special group according to linguistic characteristics. Tongue and blood quite often come from different sources. If a Russian is a Finn by blood, but a Slav by a language group, then some Hungarian may well be a Finn by a language group, but a Slav by blood, by genetics. In The Tale of Bygone Years, the territory of modern Hungary is listed as a Slavic land. So it’s wrong to speak directly about genetic kinship with any Finnish-speaking people. But the general meaning of this does not change.
Russians are genetic Finno-Ugrians who have adopted and transformed the Slavic language to such an extent that other Slavs do not understand it. In the "great and mighty" Russian language, 60-70% of the vocabulary, that is, basic words, is of non-Slavic origin. Russians by blood do not belong to the Aryan, but to the Ural family of peoples. And the map, which so picturesquely depicted the powerful movement of the Slavs to the East, will have to be corrected. These were, apparently, small streams of princes, warriors, merchants, their families and other urban people to the lands inhabited by Finnish tribes. The Ukrainians were also unlucky. We are not related at all. However, it seems to me that they would survive today quite calmly. However, their claims to Slavism are just as groundless as ours. Genetically, Ukrainians are Turks, descendants of either the Bulgars or the Pechenegs. Blood relatives of the Tatars.
The only Slavs among the so-called East Slavic peoples are Belarusians. But in fact, they are by origin a group from among the West Slavic, or, more precisely, Polish tribes. With a strong Baltic, that is, Letto-Lithuanian element. This, if someone does not know, such Lithuanians, Latvians, historical Prussians, etc. This is the kind of genetics we all have.
The media write about it. There were articles in Vlast. Today I read an article here. Among other things, we are informed that a certain fundamental publication is being prepared on the study of the gene pool of the Russian ethnos. Debunking traditional ideas about who the Russians are. And the findings are so unconventional that scientists even feel some trepidation about publishing them. As you know, heredity is fixed in two ways: - old, anthropological measurements; - new, genetic, with the help of tools molecular biology. For anthropologists, typical Russians are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. The reference Ukrainian is a swarthy brunette with regular features and brown eyes. But anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are the century before last of science. Today you can read the message of the human genome. The most advanced methods of DNA analysis are sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down the female line from generation to generation virtually unchanged from the first lady of our species. The Y-chromosome is present only in men and therefore is also transmitted almost unchanged to male offspring. The remaining chromosomes, when transferred from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, combined, and it is almost impossible to understand from whom which genes. In contrast to indirect signs ( appearance, proportions of the body), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the Y-chromosome indisputably and directly speaks of the degree of relationship between people.
Genetic analysis, among other things, allows you to determine the genetic distance between people. According to the Y-chromosome, the genetic distance between Russians and Finns in Finland is only 30 conventional units (close relationship). The genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Veps, Mordovians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 2-3 units. It's not even a direct relationship, it's an identity! An analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that another closest blood relative of Russians is Tatars: Tatars, like Finns, are separated from Russians by the same 30 genetic genetic units (close relationship). The population of Ukraine is divided into different genetic groups. In Eastern Ukraine, these are Finno-Ugric peoples. Eastern Ukrainians are practically no different from Russians, Komi, Mordovians, Mari. Which doesn't seem surprising. But with the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine it turned out quite interesting. Zapadentsy are not Slavs and not Russo-Finns. They belong to a completely different blood-genetic group - the Tatars: between the Ukrainians from Lviv and the Tatars, the genetic distance is only 10 units.
It will, of course, be very interesting to study the monograph “The Russian Gene Pool”, which is supposed to be published at the end of the year by the Luch publishing house. If this is indeed the case, as we have learned from the information leaked to the media, serious problems await the nationalists. It's one thing - Slavic-Aryan Russia. And quite another - the Russified, Slavicized Finnish population under the rule of the Varangian-Slavic princes. Feel the difference, right? However, for our country it can turn into a direct benefit. Because it once again confirms that the subject of history is not ethnicity at all. History is made by enterprising people, groups of warriors, merchants and the states they create. When different groups of the population, with different genetics, anthropology, culture, language, live long enough within the borders of one state, a new ethnic group, a cultural and historical community, is formed. Blood, genes for the ethnic group do not have a predominant value. It's all about a common historical destiny and common citizenship. Even if the word citizen has not yet been invented.
And the concept of "titular nation" is meaningless. Because the titular nation in Russia turns out to be Russified Finns, in England - Germanized Celts, in France - Romanized Gauls who digested the conquerors, German-speaking Franks, in Spain - local Romanized Celts who absorbed the German Goths, etc. History is always the history of societies. And the social elite, into which any active citizen can break through. But not a history of blood. And not the history of genes. With which I congratulate you, my dear Russian Finns, Ukrainian Tatars and Belarusian Poles. Long live Eastern Europe- a great mixture of blood and culture!
Something again began to observe a surge of Ukroslavian vyalichiya, too often from the lips of dill patriots statements began to sound that they, black-browed, are the mega-Slavic people, but the Russians are only a Bulgarian-speaking chukhna and a mixture of different nations, and the Ukrainians are not an example of them just example of ethnic purity. Since the only witness to ethnic frequency can only be such a science as genetics, let's turn to it and check how large the proportion of Slavic and non-Slavic blood is in our two ethnic groups.
According to Y-DNA (male), the main Slavic marker is the haplogroup R1a1 (mutations M-458 and Z-280), inherited by the Slavs from the Proto-Indo-European ancestors - of all the Indo-European peoples, R1a1 is most often found among the Slavs, and it is among the northern Slavs - the southern Slavs genetically closer to Romanians and Albanians and R1a1 is rare in them. Data on the distribution of R1a1 among the Slavic peoples is given by Europedia:
As we can see, the representation of R1a1 (43%) among Ukrainians is lower than among Poles, Belarusians and Russians (46%), but higher than among Czechs, Slovaks and South Slavs. Thus, "genetically pure" Slavic peoples do not exist at all, and the Ukrainians are slightly inferior to the Russians in terms of the representation of the Slavic fundamental principle.
This is the data that official genetics gives us. But if you do not trust the sampling and the conclusions of official science, then everyone can independently verify their ethnic origin through DNA analysis, for these purposes there is an international project in the field of molecular genealogy and population genetics -
The description of this project says: "Involving specialists from various sciences (historians, geneticists, linguists, archaeologists) for cooperation, genetic genealogists help to confirm or refute this or that hypothesis (ethnogenesis of peoples). Conclusions and assessments are largely comparative in nature, depend on the availability and completion of statistical data. This project is intended to contribute to this (accumulation of statistical data). "And here are the statistics, that is, the Y-DNA haplogroups, of real people from three Slavic countries that the project has accumulated:
Ukraine Russia Poland
R1a1 101(21.1%) 322(39.4%) 433(41.35%)
total 478 819 1049 members.
Amazing stats! Russia with its large non-Slavic population - once again I remind you that these are data by country, not by ethnic groups - only slightly behind Poland in terms of the representation of the Slavic haplogroup R1a1 and twice overtook Ukraine, in which 97% of the population are Slavs. Almost a mockery is the assertion that Ukrainians, unlike Russians, were able to maintain the purity of the ethnic group - almost all genetic markers found among Russians were also found among Ukrainians, and the most exotic haplogroups are more often found precisely in the territory between the Don and San, and in greater numbers. And the myth about the supposedly Finno-Ugric origin of Russians is completely dispelled upon close examination: the main haplogroup of the Ural-speaking peoples - N1 - was found only in 14.7% of Russians; for comparison, E1b alone - the Western Balkan haplogroup of African origin - was found in 16.5% of Ukrainians.
In general, genetic studies show that the influence of the Balkans on the gene pool of Ukrainians was simply enormous - in the aggregate, the main haplogroups of the Balkans - E1b, I2, T and J2 - make up 37.5% of the Ukrainian gene pool according to official science (see the European table) and 38.7 % according to SEMARGL statistics - two to three times more than the Russians and Poles; however, Ukrainians could also get J2 from the Caucasus, through the Turkic tribes - the subclade J2a4b, characteristic of the Vainakh peoples, is often found in Ukraine.
(The map of representation of haplogroup I2 - Ukraine lies entirely in the distribution area of this haplogroup characteristic of the Balkans.)
(Haplogroup E1b1b and its distribution in Africa, Europe and Asia)
It is even more interesting to study the representation of East Asian (Mongoloid) haplogroups in the gene pool of the Slavs. The myth of the Mongol origin of Russians, although already dilapidated, still remains popular among some unpretentious Ukrainians, but alas, genetics testify otherwise - the Mongoloid haplogroups C, O and especially Q are more often found not in Russia, but in Ukraine; according to Europedia, it is Ukraine that shows largest number haplogroup Q finds in Europe (4%, see table and map):
It should be noted here that in Ukraine there is almost only one subclade of this haplogroup -Q1b1, also found among the Uyghurs, Khazarians and 5% of Ashkenazi Jews - it seems that only one people could award related East Eurasian genes to both Jews and Ukrainians at once - they were Turkic Khazars.
Thus, according to SEMARGL statistics, the East Eurasian (Mongoloid) component of the gene pool (according to Y-DNA) is 5.64% for Ukrainians, 3.17% for Russians, 4% for Ukrainians and 1.5% for Russians. It is also interesting that the typical Negroid haplogroup E1a was also found among the Slavs, and in Ukraine, again, this is found more often. Western and South Asia also left their mark on the genetic history of the Slavs - haplogroups J1, R2 and H; according to SEMARGL, they generally give 12.34% of the Ukrainian and 6.06% of the Russian gene pools - and again, the Asian influence is more clearly manifested in Ukrainians, and not in Russians.
But the Russians, on the other hand, got more West European and North European genes, the R1b and I1 haplogroups together give 11% of the Russian and 7% of the Ukrainian gene pools according to Europedia, and 15.26% and 11.5% - according to SEMARGLE statistics.
(The prevalence of haplogroup R1b in Europe).
Another evidence of the Northern European influence on the Russian gene pool is the N1 haplogroup - this is a generic marker of the Finno-Ugric peoples, but its presence in the gene pool of the Baltic peoples is also great (they also inherited it from the Finno-Ugric peoples), it was also found among the Scandinavians - the study of the DNA of Russian nobles from the tribe of Rurik showed that the legendary Varangian was also a carrier of the haplogroup N1c1. The distribution of haplogroup N1 among Russians is uneven - it is most densely represented in the Russian North, on the lands of the former Novgorod and Pskov republics, in Central Russia it is already much less common, and in Southern Russia it is even less common than in Ukraine. According to Europedia, N1 in total gives 23% of the Russian gene pool (two times less than the Slavic haplogroup R1a1), according to SEMARGL - 14.7% (2.5 times less than R1a1). According to mtDNA (female), the Finno-Ugric influence is slightly more noticeable, but nothing more:
Boris Malyarchuk's table: Russian regional populations by mtDNA (upper table) and Y-DNA (lower) - as we can see, according to Y-DNA, only Russians of the Pskov region are close to the Finno-Ugric peoples and Balts, and the rest of the groups of Russians are closer to each other and others Slavic peoples; according to mtDNA, the genetic distance of Russian populations from each other is wider. The East Eurasian (Mongoloid) influence on the Russian mtDNA gene pool is also insignificant and is associated not with the Tatar or Mongolian, but with the Finno-Ugric influence:
Even in the Russian North, the East Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups in total give only 4-5%, and the Russians of the Center and the South have even slightly less Mongoloid mtDNA haplogroups than the Western Slavs. In total, according to a study by Malyarchuk and K "the East Eurasian component of mtDNA Russians is 1.9% , Ukrainians - 2.3% (gentis.ru/info/ mtdna-tutorial/freq). In general, the mtDNA gene pool of Russians and Ukrainians is quite close and is characterized by the predominance of haplogroups H, U, V, and J, typically European.
So, the representation of the Slavic haplogroup R1a1 among Russians is higher than among Ukrainians, and the representation of non-Slavic ones is lower. Of the extraneous influences in Russians, the genetic influence of the Finno-Ugric peoples, as well as Western and Northern Europe, is most noticeable, while the influence of the Balkans and Western and East Asia is more noticeable among Ukrainians - most likely the Asian genes went to the Ukrainians from the Turkic peoples, since the Turks of the Black Sea The Caspian steppes themselves have a genetic mixture of East and West Asia, the Caucasus and Europe. So make a conclusion which of the two Slavic peoples is more Slavic. In conclusion, I place one more table - the "average" faces of athletes from different European countries; don't you think that the faces of Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian athletes are surprisingly similar?
The answer is what the results of genetic analysis say about it. According to the media, there is no single Eastern Slavic community of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians. And never was. Russians and Ukrainians are not Slavs. And the Belarusians are quite Western Slavs, close relatives of the Poles. Everything that we were taught, if we talk about blood, in a modern, genetic, relationship, is nonsense. Who are the Russians then? The answer is simple, and not so unexpected. Russians are Slavicized Finno-Ugric peoples. Our closest blood relatives are Mari, Moksha, Mordovians, Komi, Udmurts, Hungarians, Finns, Karelians, Estonians. The new Russian citizen Zhora Depardyev, with some fantastic sixth sense, immediately determined what blood should be appealed to, looking for his way in the new Motherland. And received Mordovian registration. Down to the roots, so to speak.
True, here we must take into account that the Finno-Ugric peoples today are united in a special group according to linguistic characteristics. Tongue and blood quite often come from different sources. If a Russian is a Finn by blood, but a Slav by a language group, then some Hungarian may well be a Finn by a language group, but a Slav by blood, by genetics. In The Tale of Bygone Years, the territory of modern Hungary is listed as a Slavic land. So it’s wrong to speak directly about genetic kinship with any Finnish-speaking people. But the general meaning of this does not change.
Russians are genetic Finno-Ugrians who have adopted and transformed the Slavic language to such an extent that other Slavs do not understand it. In the "great and mighty" Russian language, 60-70% of the vocabulary, that is, basic words, is of non-Slavic origin. Russians by blood do not belong to the Aryan, but to the Ural family of peoples. And the map, which so picturesquely depicted the powerful movement of the Slavs to the East, will have to be corrected. These were, apparently, small streams of princes, warriors, merchants, their families and other urban people to the lands inhabited by Finnish tribes. The Ukrainians were also unlucky. We are not related at all. However, it seems to me that they would survive today quite calmly. However, their claims to Slavism are just as groundless as ours. Genetically, Ukrainians are Turks, descendants of either the Bulgars or the Pechenegs. Blood relatives of the Tatars.
The only Slavs among the so-called East Slavic peoples are Belarusians. But in fact, they are by origin a group from among the West Slavic, or, more precisely, Polish tribes. With a strong Baltic, that is, Letto-Lithuanian element. This, if someone does not know, such Lithuanians, Latvians, historical Prussians, etc. This is the kind of genetics we all have.
The media write about it. There were articles in Vlast. Today I read an article here. Among other things, we are informed that a certain fundamental publication is being prepared on the study of the gene pool of the Russian ethnos. Debunking traditional ideas about who the Russians are. And the findings are so unconventional that scientists even feel some trepidation about publishing them. As you know, heredity is fixed in two ways: - old, anthropological measurements; - new, genetic, using the tools of molecular biology. For anthropologists, typical Russians are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. The reference Ukrainian is a swarthy brunette with regular features and brown eyes. But anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are the century before last of science. Today you can read the message of the human genome. The most advanced methods of DNA analysis are sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down the female line from generation to generation virtually unchanged from the first lady of our species. The Y-chromosome is present only in men and therefore is also transmitted almost unchanged to male offspring. The remaining chromosomes, when transferred from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, combined, and it is almost impossible to understand from whom which genes. Unlike indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA indisputably and directly speaks about the degree of relationship between people.
Genetic analysis, among other things, allows you to determine the genetic distance between people. According to the Y-chromosome, the genetic distance between Russians and Finns in Finland is only 30 conventional units (close relationship). The genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Veps, Mordovians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 2-3 units. It's not even a direct relationship, it's an identity! An analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that another closest blood relative of Russians is Tatars: Tatars, like Finns, are separated from Russians by the same 30 genetic genetic units (close relationship). The population of Ukraine is divided into different genetic groups. In Eastern Ukraine, these are Finno-Ugric peoples. Eastern Ukrainians are practically no different from Russians, Komi, Mordovians, Mari. Which doesn't seem surprising. But with the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine it turned out quite interesting. Westerners are not Slavs and not Russo-Finns. They belong to a completely different blood-genetic group - the Tatars: between the Ukrainians from Lviv and the Tatars, the genetic distance is only 10 units.
It will, of course, be very interesting to study the monograph "The Russian Gene Pool", which is supposed to be published at the end of the year by the Luch publishing house. If this is indeed the case, as we have learned from the information leaked to the media, serious problems await the nationalists. It's one thing - Slavic-Aryan Russia. And quite another - the Russified, Slavicized Finnish population under the rule of the Varangian-Slavic princes. Feel the difference, right? However, for our country it can turn into a direct benefit. Because once again it confirms that the subject of history is not ethnicity at all. History is made by enterprising people, groups of warriors, merchants and the states they create. When different groups of the population, with different genetics, anthropology, culture, language, live long enough within the borders of one state, a new ethnic group, a cultural and historical community, is formed. Blood, genes for the ethnic group do not have a predominant value. It's all about a common historical destiny and common citizenship. Even if the word citizen has not yet been invented.
And the concept of "titular nation" is meaningless. Because the titular nation in Russia turns out to be Russified Finns, in England - Germanized Celts, in France - Romanized Gauls who digested the conquerors, German-speaking Franks, in Spain - local Romanized Celts who absorbed the German Goths, etc. History is always the history of societies. And the social elite, into which any active citizen can break through. But not a history of blood. And not the history of genes. With which I congratulate you, my dear Russian Finns, Ukrainian Tatars and Belarusian Poles. Long live Eastern Europe - a great mixture of blood and culture!
“Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results may have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order,” this is how the publication on this topic begins sensationally in the Russian edition of Vlast. And the sensation really turned out to be incredible - many myths about Russian nationality turned out to be false. Among other things, it turned out that genetically Russians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Finns.
RUSSIANS TURNED OUT TO BE FINNS
Anthropologists have been able, over several decades of intense research, to reveal the appearance of a typical Russian person. These are of medium build and medium height, light brown-haired with light eyes - gray or blue. By the way, in the course of the research, a verbal portrait of a typical Ukrainian was also obtained. The reference Ukrainian differs from the Russian in the color of his skin, hair and eyes - he is a swarthy brunette with regular features and brown eyes. However, anthropological measurements of the proportions of the human body are not even the last, but the century before last, of science, which has long received at its disposal the most accurate methods of molecular biology, which allow you to read all human genes. And the most advanced methods of DNA analysis today are sequencing (reading by letter of the genetic code) of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the human Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial DNA has been passed down the female line from generation to generation, virtually unchanged since the time when Eve, the progenitor of mankind, climbed down from a tree in East Africa. And the Y-chromosome is present only in men and, therefore, is also transmitted almost unchanged to male offspring, while all other chromosomes, when transmitted from father and mother to their children, are shuffled by nature, like a deck of cards before distribution. Thus, unlike indirect signs (appearance, body proportions), sequencing of mitochondrial DNA and DNA of the Y-chromosome indisputably and directly indicates the degree of kinship of people, writes the journal Vlast.
In the West, human population geneticists have been successfully using these methods for two decades. In Russia, they were used only once, in the mid-1990s, when identifying the royal remains. The turning point in the situation with the use of the most modern methods for studying the titular nation of Russia occurred only in 2000. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research allocated a grant to scientists from the Laboratory of Human Population Genetics of the Medical Genetics Center Russian Academy medical sciences. For the first time in the history of Russia, scientists were able to fully concentrate on studying the gene pool of the Russian people for several years. They supplemented their molecular genetic studies with an analysis of the frequency distribution of Russian surnames in the country. This method was very cheap, but its information content exceeded all expectations: a comparison of the geography of surnames with the geography of genetic DNA markers showed their almost complete coincidence.
The molecular genetic results of the first Russian study of the gene pool of the titular nationality are now being prepared for publication in the form of the monograph "Russian Gene Pool", which will be published at the end of the year by the Luch publishing house. The journal "Vlast" cites some research data. So, it turned out that Russians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Finns. By the way, these studies completely destroyed the notorious myth about the "Eastern Slavs" - that allegedly Belarusians, Ukrainians and Russians "make up a group of Eastern Slavs." The only Slavs of these three peoples were only Belarusians, but it turned out that Belarusians are not “Eastern Slavs” at all, but Western ones, because they practically do not differ genetically from the Poles. So the myth about “kindred blood of Belarusians and Russians” was completely destroyed: Belarusians turned out to be virtually identical to Poles, Belarusians are genetically very far from Russians, but very close to Czechs and Slovaks. But the Finns of Finland turned out to be genetically closer to the Russians than the Belarusians. So, according to the Y-chromosome, the genetic distance between the Russians and the Finns of Finland is only 30 conventional units (close relationship). And the genetic distance between a Russian person and the so-called Finno-Ugric peoples (Mari, Veps, Mordovians, etc.) living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 2-3 units. Simply put, they are genetically IDENTICAL. In this regard, the Vlast magazine notes: “And the harsh statement of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia on September 1 at the EU Council in Brussels (after the Russian party denounced the state border agreement with Estonia) about discrimination against Finno-Ugric peoples allegedly related to Finns in the Russian Federation loses its meaningful meaning. . But due to the moratorium of Western scientists, the Russian Foreign Ministry could not reasonably accuse Estonia of interfering in our internal, one might even say closely related, affairs.” This philippic is only one facet of the mass of contradictions that have arisen. Since the closest relatives for Russians are Finno-Ugric peoples and Estonians (in fact, these are the same people, because the difference of 2-3 units is inherent in only one people), then Russian jokes about “inhibited Estonians” are strange, when Russians themselves are these Estonians. A huge problem arises for Russia in self-identification as supposedly “Slavs”, because genetically the Russian people have nothing to do with the Slavs. In the myth about the “Slavic roots of Russians”, Russian scientists put a bold point: there is nothing from the Slavs in Russians. There is only a near-Slavic Russian language, but it also contains 60-70% of non-Slavic vocabulary, so a Russian person is not able to understand the languages \u200b\u200bof the Slavs, although a real Slav understands Slavic languages \u200b\u200bbecause of the similarity - any (except Russian). The results of the analysis of mitochondrial DNA showed that another closest relative of Russians, except for the Finns of Finland, is the Tatars: Russians from the Tatars are at the same genetic distance of 30 conventional units that separate them from the Finns. No less sensational were the data on Ukraine. It turned out that genetically the population of Eastern Ukraine is Finno-Ugric: Eastern Ukrainians are practically no different from Russians, Komi, Mordovians, Mari. This is one Finnish people, who once had their own common Finnish language. But with the Ukrainians of Western Ukraine, everything turned out to be even more unexpected. These are not Slavs at all, just as they are not “Russo-Finns” of Russia and Eastern Ukraine, but a completely different ethnic group: the genetic distance between Ukrainians from Lvov and Tatars is only 10 units.
Such a close relationship of Western Ukrainians with the Tatars may be explained by the Sarmatian roots of the ancient inhabitants of Kievan Rus. Of course, there is a certain Slavic component in the blood of Western Ukrainians (they are more genetically close to Slavs than Russians), but they are still not Slavs, but Sarmatians. Anthropologically, they are characterized by wide cheekbones, dark hair and brown eyes, dark (and not pink, like Caucasians) nipples. The magazine writes: “You can react in any way you like to these strictly scientific facts that show the natural essence of the reference electorates of Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych. But it will not be possible to accuse Russian scientists of falsifying these data: then the accusation will automatically extend to their Western colleagues, who have been delaying the publication of these results for more than a year, each time extending the moratorium.” The journal is right: these data clearly explain the deep and permanent split in Ukrainian society, where two completely different ethnic groups live under the name "Ukrainians". Moreover, Russian imperialism will take these scientific data into service as another (already weighty and scientific) argument to “grow” the territory of Russia with Eastern Ukraine. But what about the myth about the "Slavs-Russians"?
Recognizing this data and trying to use it, Russian strategists here are faced with what the people call a “double-edged sword”: in this case, they will have to reconsider the entire national self-identification of the Russian people as “Slavic” and abandon the concept of “kinship” with Belarusians and throughout the Slavic World - no longer on the level scientific research but at the political level. The magazine also publishes a map indicating the area where "true Russian genes" (that is, Finnish) are still preserved. Geographically, this territory “coincides with Russia during the time of Ivan the Terrible” and “clearly shows the conditionality of some state borders,” writes the magazine. Namely: the population of Bryansk, Kursk and Smolensk is not at all a Russian population (that is, Finnish), but a Belarusian-Polish one - identical to the genes of Belarusians and Poles. The very fact that in the Middle Ages the border between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy was precisely the ethnic border between the Slavs and Finns is interesting (by the way, the eastern border of Europe passed along it then). The further imperialism of Muscovy-Russia, which annexed neighboring territories, went beyond the ethnic Muscovites and captured already foreign ethnic groups.
WHAT IS RUSSIA?
These new discoveries of Russian scientists allow us to take a fresh look at the entire policy of medieval Muscovy, including its concept of "Rus". It turns out that “pulling the Russian blanket over itself” by Moscow is explained purely ethnically, genetically. The so-called "Holy Russia" in the concept of the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow and Russian historians was formed on the fact of the rise of Moscow in the Horde, and, as Lev Gumilyov wrote, for example, in the book "From Russia to Russia", according to the same fact, Ukrainians and Belarusians ceased to be Rusyns, ceased to be Russia. It is clear that there were two completely different Russias. One, Western, lived its own life of the Slavs, united into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia. Another Russia - Eastern Russia (more precisely Muscovy - because it was not considered Russia at that time) - entered for 300 years into the Horde ethnically close to it, in which it then seized power and made it "Russia" even before the conquest of Novgorod and Pskov into the Horde-Russia. This second Russia - Russia of the Finnish ethnos - is called the Russian Orthodox Church of Moscow and Russian historians"Holy Russia", while depriving Western Russia of the right to something "Russian" (forcing even the entire people of Kievan Rus to call themselves not Rusyns, but "Ukrainians"). The meaning is clear: this Finnish Russian had little in common with the original Slavic Russian.
The very centuries-old confrontation between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Muscovy (who seemed to have something in common in Russia between the Rurikoviches and the Kievan faith, and the princes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Vitovt-Yuri and Jagiello-Yakov were Orthodox from birth, were Rurikovich and the Grand Dukes of Russia, there was no other language except Russian, knew) - this is a confrontation between countries of different ethnic groups: the ON brought together the Slavs, and Muscovy - the Finns. As a result, for many centuries two Russias opposed each other - the Slavic Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Finnish Muscovy. This explains the glaring fact that Muscovy NEVER during her stay in the Horde expressed a desire to return to Russia, gain freedom from the Tatars, join the ON. And its capture of Novgorod was caused precisely by the negotiations of Novgorod on joining the GDL. This Russophobia of Moscow and its “masochism” (“the Horde yoke is better than the GDL”) can only be explained by ethnic differences with original Russia and ethnic closeness to the peoples of the Horde. It is this genetic difference with the Slavs that explains Muscovy's rejection of the European way of life, hatred of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Poles (that is, the Slavs in general), great love for the East and Asian traditions. These studies of Russian scientists must also be reflected in the revision of their concepts by historians. Including a long time to be included in historical science the fact that there was not one Rus, but two completely different ones: Slavic Rus and Finnish Rus. This clarification allows us to understand and explain many processes of our medieval history, which in the current interpretation seem to be devoid of any meaning.
RUSSIAN SURNAME
Attempts by Russian scientists to investigate the statistics of Russian surnames at first encountered a lot of difficulties. The Central Election Commission and local election commissions flatly refused to cooperate with scientists, arguing that only if the voter lists are secret can they guarantee the objectivity and honesty of elections to federal and local authorities. The criterion for inclusion in the list of a surname was very lenient: it was included if at least five carriers of this surname lived in the region for three generations. First, lists were compiled for five conditional regions - Northern, Central, Central-Western, Central-Eastern and Southern. In total, about 15 thousand Russian surnames were accumulated in all regions of Russia, most of which were found only in one of the regions and were absent in others.
When regional lists were superimposed on each other, scientists identified a total of 257 so-called “all-Russian surnames”. The magazine writes: "It is interesting that on final stage research, they decided to add the names of residents of the Krasnodar Territory to the list of the Southern Region, expecting that the predominance of Ukrainian surnames of the descendants of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks evicted here by Catherine II would significantly reduce the all-Russian list. But this additional restriction reduced the list of all-Russian surnames by only 7 units - to 250. From which the obvious and not pleasant conclusion followed that the Kuban was inhabited mainly by Russian people. And where did the Ukrainians go and were there at all Ukrainians here is a big question.” And further: “An analysis of Russian surnames in general provides food for thought. Even the simplest action - searching it for the names of all the leaders of the country - gave an unexpected result. Only one of them was included in the list of top 250 all-Russian surnames - Mikhail Gorbachev (158th place). The surname Brezhnev occupies 3767th place in the general list (found only in Belgorod region southern region). The surname Khrushchev is in 4248th place (found only in the Northern region, Arkhangelsk region). Chernenko took 4749th place (only the Southern region). Andropov - 8939th place (only the Southern region). Putin took 14,250th place (only the Southern region). But Yeltsin was not included in the general list at all. Stalin's surname - Dzhugashvili - for obvious reasons was not considered. But on the other hand, the pseudonym Lenin got into the regional lists under the number 1421, second only to the first president of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev. The magazine writes that the result amazed even the scientists themselves, who believed that the main difference between the bearers of South Russian surnames was not in the ability to lead a huge power, but in the increased sensitivity of the skin of their fingers and palms. Scientific analysis dermatoglyphics (papillary patterns on the skin of the palms and fingers) of Russian people showed that the complexity of the pattern (from simple arcs to loops) and the accompanying skin sensitivity increases from north to south. “A person with simple patterns on the skin of his hands can hold a glass of hot tea in his hands without pain,” Dr. Balanovskaya clearly explained the essence of the differences. “And if there are a lot of loops, then unsurpassed pickpockets came out of such people.” Scientists publish a list of the 250 most popular Russian surnames. Unexpected was the fact that the most massive Russian surname is not Ivanov, but Smirnov. It’s wrong to give this whole list, it’s not worth it, here are just the 20 most massive Russian surnames: 1. Smirnov; 2. Ivanov; 3. Kuznetsov; 4. Popov; 5. Sokolov; 6. Lebedev; 7. Kozlov; 8. Novikov; 9. Morozov; 10. Petrov; 11. Volkov; 12. Solovyov; 13. Vasiliev; 14. Zaitsev; 15. Pavlov; 16. Semenov; 17. Golubev; 18. Vinogradov; 19. Bogdanov; 20. Sparrows. All top all-Russian surnames have Bulgarian endings in -ov (-ev), plus a few surnames in -in (Ilyin, Kuzmin, etc.). And among the top 250 there is not a single surname of “Eastern Slavs” (Belarusians and Ukrainians) in -iy, -ich, -ko. Although in Belarus the most common surnames are -iy and -ich, and in Ukraine - on -ko. This also shows the deep differences between the "Eastern Slavs", because Belarusian surnames with -ij and -ich are equally the most common in Poland - and not at all in Russia. The Bulgarian endings of the 250 most massive Russian surnames indicate that the surnames were given by the priests of Kievan Rus, who spread Orthodoxy among its Finns in Muscovy, because these surnames are Bulgarian, from holy books, and not from the living Slavic language, which the Finns of Muscovy just don’t have It was. Otherwise, it is impossible to understand why the Russians do not have the surnames of the Belarusians living nearby at all (in –iy and –ich), but the Bulgarian surnames - although the Bulgarians are not at all bordering on Moscow, but live thousands of kilometers away from it. The mass character of surnames with animal names is explained by Lev Uspensky in the book “Mysteries of Toponymy” (M., 1973) by the fact that in the Middle Ages people had two names - from parents, and from baptism, and “from parents” then it was “fashionable” to give names animals. As he writes, then in the family the children had the names Hare, Wolf, Bear, etc. This pagan tradition was embodied in the mass character of "animal" surnames.
ABOUT BELARUSIANS
A special topic in this study is the genetic identity of Belarusians and Poles. This did not become the subject of attention of Russian scientists, because it is outside of Russia. But it is very interesting for us. The very fact of the genetic identity of Poles and Belarusians is not unexpected. The very history of our countries is a confirmation of it - the main part of the ethnic group of Belarusians and
Poles are not Slavs, but Slavicized Western Balts, but their genetic “passport” is so close to Slavic that it would be practically difficult to find differences in genes between Slavs and Prussians, Mazurs, Daynova, Yatvingians, etc. This is what unites Poles and Belarusians, descendants Slavic Western Balts. This ethnic community also explains the creation of the Union State of the Commonwealth. The famous Belarusian historian V.U. Lastovsky in " Brief history Belarus” (Vilna, 1910) writes that negotiations on the creation of the Union State of Belarusians and Poles began ten times: in 1401, 1413, 1438, 1451, 1499, 1501, 1563, 1564, 1566, 1567. - and ended for the eleventh time with the creation of the Union in 1569. Where does such persistence come from? Obviously - only from the awareness of the ethnic community, because the ethnic group of Poles and Belarusians was created on the dissolution of the Western Balts. But the Czechs and Slovaks, who were also part of the first in the history of the Slavic Union of the peoples of the Commonwealth, no longer felt this degree of closeness, because they did not have a “Baltic component” in themselves. And even more alienation was among the Ukrainians, who saw this as little ethnic kinship and eventually entered into a complete confrontation with the Poles. The studies of Russian geneticists allow us to take a completely different look at our entire history, because many political events and political preferences of the peoples of Europe are largely explained precisely by the genetics of their ethnic group - which has so far remained hidden from historians. It was the genetics and genetic relationship of ethnic groups that were the most important forces in the political processes of medieval Europe. The genetic map of peoples, created by Russian scientists, allows you to look at the wars and alliances of the Middle Ages from a completely different angle.
The results of research by Russian scientists on the gene pool of the Russian people will be assimilated in society for a long time, because they completely refute all our ideas, reducing them to the level of unscientific myths. This new knowledge is not so much to be understood as it is necessary to get used to it. Now the concept of “Eastern Slavs” has become absolutely unscientific, the congresses of Slavs in Minsk are unscientific, where not Slavs from Russia gather at all, but Russian-speaking Finns from Russia, who are not genetically Slavs and have nothing to do with the Slavs. The very status of these "congresses of the Slavs" is completely discredited by Russian scientists. The Russian people are named according to the results of these studies by Russian scientists not Slavs, but Finns. The population of Eastern Ukraine is also named Finns, while the population of Western Ukraine is genetically Sarmatians. That is, Ukrainian people- also not Slavs. The only Slavs from the "Eastern Slavs" are genetically named Belarusians, but they are genetically identical to the Poles - which means they are not "Eastern Slavs" at all, but genetically Western Slavs. In fact, this means the geopolitical collapse of the Slavic Triangle of the "Eastern Slavs", because Belarusians turned out to be genetically Poles, Russians - Finns, and Ukrainians - Finns and Sarmatians. Of course, propaganda will continue to try to hide this fact from the population, but you can't hide an awl in a sack. As well as not to close the mouth of scientists, not to hide their latest genetic research. Scientific progress cannot be stopped. Therefore, the discoveries of Russian scientists are not just a scientific sensation, but a BOMB capable of undermining all the current foundations in the ideas of peoples. That is why the Russian magazine Vlast gave this fact an extremely worried assessment: “Russian scientists have completed and are preparing for publication the first large-scale study of the gene pool of the Russian people. The publication of the results could have unpredictable consequences for Russia and the world order.” The magazine did not exaggerate.