The future past tense in Turkish. Future-past tense
This time is used to:
Designate an action that should have been done in the past or that was supposed to be done in the past, but for some reason was not done. In other words, gelecek zamanIn hiyakesi expresses unfulfilled intention in the past.
For example:
Ben gazete okuyacaktım ama ablam misafir geldi. - I was going to read newspaper, but my sister came to visit.
Ben size gelecektim ama hasta oldum. - I wanted to come to you, but fell ill.
As we can see, when translating into Russian, this time can be translated with such additional words as: “ was going to», « intended», « wanted», « had», « was going to" etc. At the same time, the meaning of the sentence does not change in either language.
This time is also used in conditional sentences. And it is translated into Russian as a form of the subjunctive mood, that is, when translated into Russian, sentences will be translated according to the following scheme: “ If…..then….».
For example:
Eğer sen seslenmeseydin ben seni görmeyecektim. - If you hadn't called, I would did not see you.
Eğer sen beğenmeseydin ben o elbiseyi almayacaktım. - If you didn't like it, I would did not buy this dress.
Thus, this form is used to tell about events (stories) in the past. Therefore, on Turkish this time sounds like gelecek zamanIn hikayesi, which literally translates as "a story in the future tense."
The future-past tense is formed as follows:
affirmative form
Verb stem+ -acaktı / -ecekti + personal pronoun ending
When we form the stem of a verb, we must discard the endings -mak / -mek from the infinitive
Depending on the ending of the verb, which affix we choose depends. If the verb ends in -mak, then we use the -acaktı affix, if the verb ends in -mek, then we use the -ecekti affix.
Let's analyze the verb okumak (read). First we need to discard the end of the infinitive -mak , after which we get the stem oku . Since this verb in the infinitive has the ending -mak, then we will add the affix -acaktı to the stem, and then the personal ending of the pronouns, depending on the sentence. So, in 1 person unit. h. we form a word okuy acaktI m.
Sometimes, to prevent the fusion of two vowels in a word, the linking element y is used.
As, for example, in the word ok u y a caktım.So that the vowels u and a do not merge, insert the letter y between them. This must be remembered, since when forming the future-past tense, such situations will often occur.
Ben ödevlerimi yapacaktım fakat biraz rahatsızlandım. - I was going to do lessons, but felt bad.
O kitap okuyacaktı ama ışıkları sondürdüler. - He was going to read book, but the lights were turned off.
Onlar görüşte bir birilerini öpecektiler ama küstüler. - They should have kissed each other at a meeting, but were offended.
Biz size gelecektik fakat araba bozuldu. - We wanted to come to you, but the car broke down.
Biz taşınacaktık ama ev bulmadınız. - We wanted to move b, but did not find a house.
Negative form
Verb stem+ -ma / -me + -acaktı / -ecekti + personal pronoun ending
As we can see, the negative form is formed in almost the same way as the affirmative form. Just when negating, we add a negative particle to the affixes, which is used at all times. So, we use -ma (if the verb in the infinitive ends in -mak); -me (if the verb in the infinitive ends in -mek).
koşmak - to run | |
---|---|
Ben(I) | koş-ma-y-acaktı-m |
Sen(You) | koş-ma-y-acakt-ın |
O(He she it) | koş-ma-y-acakı |
biz(We) | koş-ma-y-acaktı-k |
Siz(You) | koş-ma-y-acaktı-nız |
Onlar(They) | koş-ma-y-acaktı-lar |
kalmak - stay | |
---|---|
Ben(I) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-m |
Sen(You) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-n |
O(He she it) | kal-ma-y-acaktı |
biz(We) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-k |
Siz(You) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-nız |
Onlar(They) | kal-ma-y-acaktı-lar |
gitmek - leave | |
---|---|
Ben(I) | git-me-y-ecekti-m |
Sen(You) | git-me-y-ecekti-n |
O(He she it) | git-me-y-ecekti |
biz(We) | git-me-y-ecekti-k |
Siz(You) | git-me-y-ecekti-niz |
Onlar(They) | git-me-y-ecekti-ler |
Eğer onlar treni kaçırmasaydı o zaman koşmayacaktılar. - If they had not missed the train, then didn't run would follow him.
Eğer sen israr etmeseydın o zaman sizde kalmayacaktım. - If you didn't insist, then I didn't stay would.
Sen evde olsaydın biz gitmeyecektik. - If you were at home, then we not gone would.
Annem erken kalkmasaydı kahvaltı etmeyecektim. - If my mother did not get up early, then I didn't have breakfast would.
Babam para vermeseydi okulda okumayacaktım. - If dad didn't give money, then I did not study would be at the university.
Interrogative form
Verb stem+ -acak / -ecek + -mı / -mi + -ydı / -ydi + personal pronoun ending
The interrogative form should be given special attention, since at first glance little is clear, but everything is simpler than it seems. Here it is enough to determine the ending of the verb in the infinitive. So, if the verb ends in -mak, then the verb is formed according to the following scheme -acak + mı + ydı. If the verb ends in -mek, then the verb is formed according to the pattern -ecek + mi + ydi.
For example, the verb sevmek (to love). Since it ends in -mek, we add the following construction to the base sev -ecek + mi + ydi + personal pronoun ending (in this case, 1 l. unit. h.). That is, we get the word - sev ecekmiydim.
bakmak - to look | |
---|---|
Ben(I) | Bak-acak-mI-ydI-m |
Sen(You) | Bak-acak-mI-ydI-n |
O(He she it) | Bak-acak-mI-ydI |
biz(We) | Bak-acak-mI-ydI-k |
Siz(You) | Bak-acak-mI-ydI-nız |
Onlar(They) | Bak-acak-mI-ydI-lar |
Ben senin çocuklarına bakacak mıydım ? - Am I should have looked for your children?
Sen bana hediye alacak mıydın ? - Are you was going to buy me a gift?
Onlar bize telefon edecek miydiler ? - Are they were going to call us?
Sen bize misafir gelecek miydin ? - Are you was going to come to visit us?
Sen o kitabı okuyacak mıydın ? - Are you wanted to read this book?
Used:
The present-future tense expresses an action (phenomenon) that occurs regularly:
1) Due to the laws existing in nature: Snow falls in winter. The earth revolves around the sun.
2) Established procedures and rules: In holidays banks don't work. The working day lasts 8 hours.
3) Established tastes and habits: In the morning I get up at 7 o'clock. I swim every day. Every summer we go to Turkey.
The present-future tense expresses an action in the future tense that depends on another action or condition, that is, there is no certainty that the action will necessarily be performed:
He will probably come tomorrow.
Maybe next year we will go to Turkey.
The present-future tense can express a future action with a hint of consent, an offer to the interlocutor, a promise (unsteady), a request:
Then I'll call you back.
Can you pass me the salt?
Will you (drink) coffee?
The present-future tense can express a future action with a hint of mistrust, doubt, fear, bewilderment and be translated with the word "unless":
Will he agree to come with us?
Can we make it to seven o'clock?
The present-future tense is used in proverbs, sayings, set phrases.
Education:
verb stem to vowel + -r +
Ben okur um - I read (read)
Sen başlarsın - You start (you start)
O bekler - He is waiting (waiting)
Biz uyuruz - We sleep (sleep)
Siz yürürsünüz - You are going (you will go)
Onlar anlarlar - They understand (understand)
polysyllabic stem into a consonant + -ır (ir, ur, ür) + personal affix of the first group (im, sin, iz, siniz, ler)
Ben çalışır ım - I work (I will work)
Sen konuşursun - You speak (talk)
O düşünür - He thinks (thinks)
Biz görüşürüz - We see each other (see you)
Siz getirirsiniz - You bring (bring)
Onlar gönderirler - They send (send)
monosyllabic stem into a consonant + -ar/ er + personal affix of the first group (im, sin, iz, siniz, ler)
Ben yazar ım - I am writing (I will write)
Sen sorarsın - You ask (you ask)
O sever - He loves (loves)
Biz gezeriz - We walk (walk)
Siz gülersiniz - You laugh (laugh)
Onlar bakarlar - They look (look)
Exceptions: some verbs with a monosyllabic stem change like words with a polysyllabic one:
almak-alIrIm
bilmek-bilirim
bulmak-bulurum
denmek–denirim
durmak-dururum
gelmek–gelirim
gormek – gorurum
kalmak-kalIrIm
olmak-olurum
olmek - olurum
sanmak-sanIrIm
varmak-varIrIm
vermek–veririm
vurmak-vururum
From the polysyllabic stems of verbs formed with the help of the auxiliary verb etmek, the present-future tense is formed with the suffix -er, while the last consonant of the stem t between two vowels becomes d:
affetmek-affeder
bahsetmek–bahseder
seyretmek-seyreder
Negative present-future tense
The negative form of the present-future tense is formed using the suffix -maz/ -mez , which includes both the negation and the indicator of time.
Exception:
Ben verb stem + -mam/ -mem
Biz verb stem + -mayız/ -meyiz
Ben almam - I won't buy
Sen almaz sın - You can't buy
O almaz - He won't buy
Biz gitmeyiz - We won't go
Siz gitmezsiniz - You will not go
Onlar gitmezler - They won't go
Ben beklemem - I'm not waiting
Sen beklemezsin - You don't wait
O beklemez - They don't wait
Biz çalışmayız - We do not work
Siz çalışmazsınız - You do not work
Onlar çalışmazlar - They don't work
Interrogative form of the present-future tense.
The interrogative form of the present-future tense is formed using the interrogative particle mı/ mi/ mu/ mü.
verb stem + suffix n.-b. time -r, -ir/ -ir/-ur/ -ür, -ar/ -er + interrogative particle mı/ mi/ mu/ mü + predicative suffix of category I
Exception: Onlar -> çalışırlar mı?
Ben çalışır mı yım ? - I will work?
Sen calışır mısın? – Will you work?
O calışır mı? - He works?
Biz yardım eder miyiz? – Will we help?
Siz yardım eder misiniz? - You will help?
Onlar yardım ederler mi? Will they help?
Interrogative form Nast-Bud. time is often used to denote an action with shades of a request, an offer (to the interlocutor), polite request. It is translated into Russian by a negative verb with a question or a verb in the imperative mood with the word "please":
Kaleminizi verir misiniz? - Will you give me your pen?
Bekler misin - Can't you wait? / Wait please.
Çay ister misiniz - Would you like some tea? / Will you have tea? / Would you like some tea?
Interrogative-negative form of the present-future tense.
verb stem + suffix -maz/ -mez + interrogative particle mı/mi/ + predicative suffix of category I
Exception: Onlar çalışmazlar mı?
Ben konusmaz mı yım ? "Won't I talk?"
Sen konusmaz mısın? - Won't you talk?
O konusmaz mı? Will he not talk?
Biz beklemez miyiz? - Can't we wait?
Siz beklemez misiniz? - Won't you wait?
Onlar beklemezler mi? - They won't wait?
The present-future tense presents some difficulties for understanding, since there is no such time in Russian, we translate into Russian, depending on the context, the verb in the present or future tense (I will do). Nast-bud. Often used with words indicating regularity of action: every day, year, month, morning, always.
I smoke (generally) - Sigara icerim
I smoke (currently) - Sigara içiyorum
Say - der
Will speak - diyecek
Time for gossip on mışThe time we will talk about today
this is a very, very interesting time, analogues
which does not seem to exist in any other
the language of the world (not counting the Turkic group). Eat
the assumption of linguists that it was born
in the Turkish people, from what gossip and
other people's gossip is very characteristic of this
eastern people. In the scientific community is called
it is "past-non-obvious" or
"past-subjective" tense, then
is it tells about those facts of the past,
which the speaker himself was not a witness.
1) we are talking about facts in the past, information about which is not
reliable, because the speaker himself was not an eyewitness to them and
learned about what happened from someone. Using this time man
as if telling the interlocutor “for what I bought for that and I sell - with
bribes are smooth for me. Imagine you are chatting with a friend and
tell him the news, which you also learned from someone.
- Can you imagine, Yasmin is married!
- Wow! Seriously?
- Well, yes, Fatih told me yesterday.
Keep in mind that the news read from the newspaper
seen on TV are also not reliable - if you
retell them to someone, use the time for mış.
2) we are talking about facts based on one's own or
later conclusion.
In this case, secret keywords will help us -
"it turns out" - "meğer" and "it seems" "görünüşe göre".
3) stylistic device when telling fairy tales, epics, parables,
jokes - according to the principle "in a certain kingdom in a certain
state” either it was or it wasn’t. 4) It's about about the accomplished result, and the
you have not seen the completion process. You are looking
out the window in the morning and exclaim in surprise
" - Wow! How much snow fell! - You didn't see how
he walked all night, but opening the window they saw that everyone
white-white. Or haven't been in some place for a long time,
pass it and see what is here
built a huge house. “What kind of house is here
built! He wasn't here last year!
5) When the speaker expresses an assumption or
even the certainty that something has happened, although it is in
force of a subjective nature may not be so.
You are telling something to a friend and suddenly you say: “yes
what I'm telling you, of course you already have everything
Understood". But this is your opinion, maybe a friend will answer you
"No, I don't understand."
Here it is what our time is "on mış"
The formula for constructing time on mış
Ben almışım I tookalmamışım did not take
Sen almışsın you took almamışsın did not take
O almıs
he took almamış
didn't take
Biz almIssIz
we took almamışız did not take
Siz almışsınız you took almamışınız did not take
Onlar almışlar they took almamışlar did not take
Thus it is seen that time is declining
according to the usual rule with affixes
predicates of the first group. None
there are no specifics or exceptions. Interrogative sentence form
build in the same way
the formation of times.
Ben almış mıyım?
I took?
Sen almış mısın?
You took?
O almış mı?
He took?
Biz almış mıyız?
We took?
Siz almış mısınız?
You took?
Onlar almışlar mı?
They took?
Please note that Form 3
plural persons in
interrogative form leaves
interrogative particle clean, and for
examples
Dun Mehmet senin kızkardeşine rasgelmiş. YesterdayMehmet (says) met your sister.
Meğer yorgunluktan ben 12 saat uyumuşum.
It turns out that I slept for 12 hours due to fatigue.
Bak, kar yağamış! Look, it's snowing!
Siz her halde artık anlamışsınız. You probably already
everyone understood.
Evet, belki sert konusmusum. Yes, I probably
spoke sharply.
Bir varmış bir yokmuş - was Ali was not
- the classic beginning of all fairy tales, as "in
some kingdom, and some state"
Dictionary for examples
Rasgelmek - to meet (unexpectedly)Kar - snow
Yorgunluk - fatigue
Uyumak - to sleep
Her halde - probably, most likely,
Anyway
Yağmak - to go (about precipitation - rain, snow,
hail)
Sert - hard, hard, rough
Belki - maybe
Stem + (ı4) yor mu + (y) + personal affixes The interrogative form is formed using the particle mu, which is placed after the stem on YOR (the exception is the third person plural, where mı is placed after the plural affix lar). Personal affixes are attached to the particle, which are written together with it (an exception, again, is the third person plural). The particle is unstressed, i.e. the stress falls on the last syllable of the word preceding it. Depending on the context, it can be translated into Russian with the particle LI, IS IT? Ben biliyor muyum? I know? Do I know? Do I know? Sen biliyor musun? Do you know? O biliyor mu? He knows? Biz biliyor muyuz? We know? Siz biliyor musunuz? You know? Onlar biliyorlar mı? They know? Negative-interrogative form of the verb in the present tense: Stem + mı4 + yor mu + personal affixes That is, first comes the negative verb, followed by the interrogative particle mu with personal affixes. NOT..? Ben gitmiyor muyum? - Am I not going? Sen gitmiyor musun? - you're not going? O gitmiyor mu? - Isn't he coming? Biz gitmiyor muyuz? - we're not going? Siz gitmiyor musunuz? - you're not going? Onlar gitmiyorlar mı? - they don't go? Enlarge your vocabulary: Burada - here Nerede - where? Orada - there Ve - and Kim - who is Ama - but Lütfen - please (at the request) Nereye - where Nereden - where from Şimdi - now Var - there is, there is Çok - very (before an adjective), a lot (before a noun and a verb) to do tasks can be found here http://evim.ucoz.com/forum/16-2536-6#46026
Lesson 9
Ownership category To indicate that an object belongs to someone (me, you, him, etc.), possessive pronouns (my, yours, etc.) are used, and possessive suffixes are attached to nouns that agree with pronouns. Possessive pronoun + noun + possessive suffix Possessive pronouns Benim - my, my, my, mine Senin - yours, yours, yours, yours Onun - his, hers Bizim - ours, ours, ours, ours Sizin - yours, yours, yours, yours Onların - their Ownership Suffixes If the word ends in a vowel: Benim -m Senin -n Onun -sı/ -si/ -su/ -sü Bizim -mız/ -miz/ -muz/ -müz Sizin -nız/ -niz/ -nuz / -nüz Onların -sı/ -si/ -su/ -sü Benim babam - my father Senin baban - your father Onun babası - his father Bizim annemiz - our mother Sizin anneniz - your mother Onların annesi - their mother If the word ends in a consonant : Benim -ım/ -im/ -um/ -üm Senin -ın/ -in/ -un/ -ün Onun -ı/ -i/ -u/ -ü Bizim -ımız/ -imiz/ -umuz/ -ümüz Sizin -ınız/ -iniz/ -unuz/ -ünüz Onların --ı/ -i/ -u/-ü Benim eşim - my husband Senin eşin - your husband Onun eşi - her husband Bizim kızımız- our daughter Sizin kızınız- your daughter Onların kızı - their daughter Benim gözüm - my eye Senin gözün - your eye Onun gözü - his eye Bizim dostumuz - our friend Sizin dostunuz - your friend Onların dostu - their friend Ownership suffixes are added according to the law of vowel harmony. Possessive pronouns can be omitted. evim - my home kardeşin - your brother When adding suffixes to a plural noun, the plural suffix is added first, and then the ownership suffix: gözlerim - my eyes, arkadaşlarımız - our friends. When attaching the suffixes of ownership -ları/ -leri to a plural noun, the suffix of ownership -ı/ -i/ -u/ -ü is added: anne-leri their mother, dostlar-ı their friends. Repeat the rule: 1. If a word of several syllables ends in a voiceless consonant p, ç, t, k and after it there is an ending, or a prefix of the next word that begins with a vowel, then this voiceless consonant changes to a voiced one: p -> b, ç - > с, t ->d, k -> ğ 2. Narrow vowel drop at the root Adding a vowel-starting suffix to some disyllabic words with ı, i, u, or ü in the last syllable causes that vowel to be dropped. isim - isim + im = ismim name - my name şehir - şehir + imiz = şehrimiz city - our city burun - burun + un = burnun nose - your nose akıl - akıl + ınız = aklınız mind - our mind can do tasks here http: //evim.ucoz.com/forum/16-2536-7#46415