How to get 100 points in geography. Preparation for the exam in geography: what to expect? How to do simple tasks
This discipline is chosen by about 2% (slightly more than 13 thousand people) of all graduates Russian schools. This phenomenon can be explained by the small number of universities that request results for this exam. It is suitable for those who decide to study as an architect, surveyor or environmentalist.
At the same time, the proportion of children who coped with final certification successful, amounted to 91%. This allows us to conclude that the children are well prepared for the core subject. They showed a serious approach to such a difficult specific test.
If you are not sure whether you want to take it, read our article carefully. We have collected the most up-to-date information about the exam in geography today.
IMPORTANT
- The test is made up of 34 assignments, of which 18 - basic difficulty 10 - increased, 6 - high.
- Minimum threshold - 11 primary points (37 test).
- Applicants are allowed to use non-programmable calculator, which performs arithmetic and trigonometric calculations, a ruler and a protractor. Also to control Measuring Materials attached maps of the world and Russia to help 11th graders with the test.
- Don't forget to take a few copies of a black helium pen, your passport and a bottle of water with you.
- Entries in drafts and KIMs are not taken into account when checking, but their presence is strictly required.
- The work is scheduled for 3 hours.
Exam Structure
Almost every subject is divided into 2 sections. Chemistry is no exception.
I part tests basic geographical knowledge and skills. Answers to #1-27 are a word, a phrase, a finite number or a sequence of numbers and are written in form-1. He's being tested automatically, so watch out for the legibility of characters.
II part composed of difficult questions. Answers to No. 28-34 should be detailed and exhaustive and presented on form-2.
Evaluation criteria
Again, the minimum number of points required for you to be credited for passing the exam is 11 . The maximum possible to gain - 47 . Then, according to a special system, these numbers are translated into a test form.
Let's take a closer look at the rating system:
- For correct No. 1, 2, 5-10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19-27, you can get - 1.
- Items 3, 4, 11, 14, 15, 18, 28-34 are evaluated at - 2.
We recommend that you show the experts your knowledge to the maximum in the second part. Even if the solution turns out to be wrong, there is a chance to score a point for the solution. This will improve your final score. In the fight for budget places in institutions, each figure plays important role. So don't give up on the task, do your best to come up with a logical answer. Fortunately, for an erroneous answer, the result is not reduced.
How to prepare
This is the most popular question asked by high school students. And unfortunately, they do not receive a concrete answer. Many teachers teach everything at once, not understanding what exactly is asked in the state exam. As a result, the quality of education and training suffers. And consequently - at the output we have low results.
In turn, we offer you a list of thematic blocks from which questions are composed:
- Checking the skills of working with maps, diagrams (there are 4 tasks in the work).
- The relationship of man and the Earth (6 questions).
- Demographic characteristics of the world (4 points).
- Features of the economic sphere on the world stage (3 conditions).
- Usage natural resources(3 positions).
- Regions and countries of the world (similar to 3).
- Geographic features Russian Federation(11 tasks).
More detailed information about the format and topics is set out in the specification on the official FIPI website.
How to study geography at school today? What needs to be changed in the content? When will the USE in geography become mandatory? What topics to study at the basic and advanced levels? At whose expense to conduct school expeditions and trips? Do I need a general course on this subject in the 11th grade? All these issues were discussed at the All-Russian Congress of Teachers of Geography, which was held at Moscow State University.
In fact, the participants of the congress worked on the draft Concept of Geographical Education, which will become the basis for new programs and textbooks. What does the concept offer? Make the geography exam mandatory after the 9th and 11th grades, add the preparation of geographical projects to the program, divide geography into basic and advanced levels and study depending on the level for 2-3 hours a week. Plus, add the course "Geography" to the regional programs native land in 8th and 9th grades and set aside one extra hour a week for this.
Geography was threatened by ill-conceived school reforms. At the same time, geography is not just a memorization of precipitation and temperature, it has been and remains a subject that forms the consciousness and attitude of a person to life. This is the base item. I'm sorry that in last years geography at school was relegated to the background, - the rector of Moscow State University Viktor Sadovnichy addressed the participants of the congress.
The geographical illiteracy of today's schoolchildren is simply frightening: there are students for whom "Rasseya is the territory from the Volga to the Yenisei." And they have no doubts that Catherine II, and not Alexander II, sold the land of Alyasochka.
Children calculate the humidity of the air, cramming the types of clouds, but do not know the capitals of the Russian regions
Unfortunately, geography today is far from the most popular subject among schoolchildren, and only 2-3 percent choose the USE in this subject. The head of Rosobrnadzor, Sergei Kravtsov, specified: "It's only 18,000 people."
True, there is good news for the 9th grade: as soon as graduates were offered to choose any two other school subjects in addition to Russian and mathematics, 27 percent decided that they would take an exam in geography. There is another plus: as soon as the Unified State Exam appeared after 11 grades, the geography course in most schools began to end not in the 10th grade, as before, but in the 11th grade, and the schools went for it consciously - no one forced them to change their curricula .
This year, for the first time, the All-Russian Verification work in geography in the 11th grade. Next year we will conduct a National study of the quality of geographical education in grades 7-8, - said the head of Rosobrnadzor Sergey Kravtsov.
But there have been a lot of problems in recent years. According to teachers, too few hours are allotted for geography. In the 6th grade, for example, only 34 - one lesson per week. During this time, you need to have time to go through not only the most difficult section of the course - physical geography, but also complete 10 practical work. "When to do them?" - outraged teachers.
The programs are designed in such a way that the most difficult topics requiring analytics fall on the 5th-6th grades. Children calculate the relative and absolute humidity of the air, atmospheric pressure, cramming the types of clouds, but they don’t know where Siberia is, they can’t list big cities Far East, do not know the capitals of the Russian regions. Yes, knowledge about the earth is the basis, we and our parents were taught the same principle, but today's children have changed a lot. Either it is necessary to give this material differently, or to revise the methodology, because in high school the most important thing is to keep interest in the subject.
It is necessary to update the content by geography. A lot of new things have appeared, world geopolitics has changed, there is a need to talk separately about Russia's place in the world, the economy of our country. - considers a geography teacher from the city of Safronovo Smolensk region Galina Shalobanova. - Some topics from the 6th grade can be transferred to the 7th-8th grades. There is a need to give the basics of the modern political map of the world in geography lessons.
According to the teacher, history and geography should be more closely connected. “I have a wonderful saying hanging in my office: “History is geography in time, geography is history in space,” said Galina Shalobanova. “It can become the basis for a new approach to the subject.”
We need an emphasis on the study of Russia. These topics are given only in the 9th grade, it's late, I give in the 8th. Pupils teach Russian regions and capitals, says Vera Dmitrieva, a geography teacher from Zelenograd. - Unfortunately, there are parents who are indignant at the meeting: "Why are you giving all this? Why is this necessary?"
Educators believe that geography could become entrance exam on "international relations", "management", "tourism", other university areas.
The concept of development of geographical education proposes an introduction compulsory exam in geography in the 9th and 11th grades. This initiative is good, but it requires detailed discussion. - Minister of Education and Science Olga Vasilyeva expressed her opinion.
What is offered
Develop new standard school geographical education, strengthening practical orientation course;
Hold a competition and prepare several lines of geography textbooks;
Organize large-scale refresher courses for geography teachers;
Develop a meaningful minimum of concepts and terms for basic and advanced levels of studying geography;
teach geography at basic level in grades 10-11 at least 2 hours a week, in advanced - at least 3 hours a week;
Introduce 1 additional hour per week on "Geography of the Native Land" for grades 8-9;
Make the geography exam compulsory after the 9th and after the 11th grade;
Take into account the USE in geography when entering universities in the specialty "economics", "tourism", " international relationships" and others.
By the way
According to VTsIOM school course In terms of geography, the Russians learned best that it is the city of Samara that stands on the Volga (75% gave the correct answer), and not Ryazan, Ufa or Perm. Only 47 percent know that Rio de Janeiro is larger in population than Madrid, Kyiv and Warsaw. The same number of Russians correctly said that Russia has a land border with Mongolia (and not with Sweden, Turkmenistan or Iran) and that Western Siberia stands out prey natural gas(rather than potassium salts, copper ores or bauxites). 45 percent know that mining is carried out in the Kursk region, and not in Bryansk, Kalmykia or Chuvashia.
Worst of all, our fellow citizens coped with the answer to the question about the highest mountain system Eurasia: only a third of Russians (32%) indicated Tibet (the rest chose the options "Alps", "Altai", "Caucasus"). 44 percent have no idea that the capital of Karelia is Petrozavodsk, and 18 percent did not know that Kazan is the capital of Tatarstan.
Geography is one of those subjects that you can choose to take in the Unified State Exam at the end of grade 11 high school. This subject is required for admission to many Russian universities for specialized specialties directly related to geography. These include geology, hydrometeorology, ecology, cartography, as well as pedagogy (specialty "geography teacher")
By USE statistics in geography, one student passes for two Russian schools.
The minimum passing score in geography in 2016 is 37 points, (in order to) overcome given threshold you need to correctly solve 12 tasks from the first part. As for the structure of the exam, the USE in geography consists of two parts - 34 tasks. 27 tasks require a short answer (number, word, phrase or sequence of numbers), and to solve the remaining 7 tasks, you need to give a detailed answer, which is a picture or a detailed solution of the problem with a description of the course of action.
At first glance, it may seem that the USE in geography is the exam for which you should prepare for several months, or even years, in order to pass it for high score. However, things are a little different: certainly, considerable efforts should be made, but he can really prepare for this USE in just a few days.
Preparation for the exam in geography
So, first of all, it should be noted that you do not need to study the material all night before the exam! At night, you need to rest from what has been covered during the day - only then the preparation will turn out to be productive, and the information received will be able to safely fit into memory!
What to do during those few days that remained before the exam?
Get ready, get ready and get ready again!
Step 1
Of course, if you are completely unfamiliar with the structure of the exam itself, the wording of questions and the requirements for detailed answers, then you should carefully review the existing KIMs of past years with a detailed analysis of them by experts. Next, of course, one should proceed to the study of theoretical material. Of course, if there are very few days left, then there is a catastrophic lack of time to study the theory, however, without theoretical basis it will be very difficult for a child to start practical activities. In order to save time, you should use special printed publications for preparing for the exam or online resources that provide the most important theoretical basis, which is formulated and presented in a concise and intelligible manner.
Step 2
What follows next? It is necessary to immediately proceed to an independent thorough "resolving" of the mentioned KIMs.
Practice is what helps in preparing for the exam the most! After solving one or more KIMs (whether online or in special printed publications) you need to familiarize yourself with the mistakes made, and then read the theoretical material on these topics in order to no longer make such mistakes and consolidate knowledge.
It cannot be said that it is very useful to “solve” a test in which he made a large number of errors again after a certain period of time, for example, not the next day. If mistakes are repeated - you need to carefully work out the theory! If there are no mistakes, this indicates a high degree of quality of preparation!
Step 3
It is also impossible not to notice that you should check your knowledge in various sources! You can not use the same printed book to prepare for the exam or the same site. On one resource, tasks can be formulated in the same way, which will cause difficulties when meeting with a different formulation of the question.
The last laziness of preparing before the exam
On the last day before the exam, you should stop preparing at about seven or eight in the evening. All the information received in a few days should “settle down” in your head, and you should give yourself the opportunity to relax before an important exam and sleep well! This will have a beneficial effect on the final score, and, consequently, on the chances of enrolling in a budget place.
What to do if the fear of passing the exam for a low score still overcomes the day before passing?
You just need to get rid of these obsessions, which can bring down a positive attitude and try to switch their attention to another activity that does not require a high intellectual load. Pessimistic thoughts arise in everyone, you just need to try not to succumb to such a mood, but to believe in your own strength and the seriousness of your own preparation.
It’s real to prepare for the exam in a few days!
You just need to want and try hard!