Objects of the universe in ascending order. Test on the knowledge of the world on the topic "Space" (Grade 4)
The ancient pyramids, the tallest skyscraper in the world in Dubai, almost half a kilometer high, the grandiose Everest - just looking at these huge objects is breathtaking. And at the same time, compared to some objects in the universe, they are microscopic in size.
The largest asteroid
Today, Ceres is considered the largest asteroid in the universe: its mass is almost a third of the entire mass of the asteroid belt, and its diameter is over 1000 kilometers. The asteroid is so large that it is sometimes referred to as a "dwarf planet".
largest planet
The largest planet in the Universe is TrES-4. It was discovered in 2006 and is located in the constellation Hercules. A planet called TrES-4 orbits a star that is about 1,400 light-years away from planet Earth.
The planet TrES-4 itself is a ball that consists mainly of hydrogen. Its size is 20 times the size of the Earth. The researchers claim that the diameter of the discovered planet is almost 2 times (more precisely, 1.7) the diameter of Jupiter (it is the largest planet in the solar system). The temperature of TrES-4 is about 1260 degrees Celsius.
The biggest black hole
In terms of area, black holes are not that big. However, given their mass, these objects are the largest in the universe. And the largest black hole in space is a quasar, whose mass is 17 billion times (!) More than the mass of the Sun. This is a huge black hole at the very center of the galaxy NGC 1277, an object that is larger than the entire solar system– its mass is 14% of the total mass of the entire galaxy.
largest galaxy
The so-called "super galaxies" are several galaxies merged together and located in galactic "clusters", clusters of galaxies. The largest of these "super galaxies" is IC1101, which is 60 times the size of the galaxy that hosts our solar system. The length of IC1101 is 6 million light years. By comparison, the Milky Way is only 100,000 light-years across.
The largest star in the universe
VY Big Dog- the largest known star and one of the most bright stars in the sky. It is a red hypergiant located in the constellation Canis Major. The radius of this star is about 1800-2200 times greater than the radius of our Sun, its diameter is about 3 billion kilometers.
Huge deposits of water
Astronomers have discovered the largest and most massive reservoir of water ever found in the universe. The giant cloud, about 12 billion years old, contains 140 trillion times more water than all of Earth's oceans combined.
A cloud of gaseous water surrounds a supermassive black hole located 12 billion light-years from Earth. This discovery shows that water has dominated the universe for almost its entire existence, the researchers said.
largest cluster of galaxies
El Gordo is located more than 7 billion light-years from Earth, so what we are seeing today is just an early stage of it. According to the researchers who have studied this galaxy cluster, it is the largest, hottest and emits the most radiation than any other known cluster at the same distance or further.
The central galaxy at the center of El Gordo is incredibly bright and has an unusual blue glow. The authors of the studies suggest that this extreme galaxy is the result of a collision and merger of two galaxies.
Using the Spitzer Space Telescope and optical imaging, scientists estimate that 1 percent of the cluster's total mass is stars, and the rest is hot gas that fills the space between the stars. This ratio of stars to gas is similar to the ratio in other massive clusters.
SuperVoid
More recently, scientists have discovered the largest cold spot in the universe (at least known to the science of the universe). It is located in the southern part of the constellation Eridanus. With its length of 1.8 billion light years, this spot baffles scientists, because they could not even imagine that such an object could really exist.
Despite the presence of the word “void” in the title (from the English “void” means “emptiness”), the space here is not completely empty. This region of space contains about 30 percent fewer clusters of galaxies than their surroundings. According to scientists, voids make up to 50 percent of the volume of the universe, and this percentage, in their opinion, will continue to grow due to super-strong gravity, which attracts all the matter around them. Two things make this void interesting: its unimaginable size and its relation to the mysterious cold relic spot WMAP.
superblob
In 2006, the title of the largest object in the universe was given to the discovered mysterious cosmic “bubble” (or blob, as scientists usually call them). True, he retained this title for a short time. This 200-million-light-year-long bubble is a gigantic collection of gas, dust, and galaxies.
Each of the three "tentacles" of this bubble contains galaxies that are four times denser among themselves than is usual in the Universe. The cluster of galaxies and gas balls inside this bubble are called Liman-Alpha bubbles. These objects are believed to have formed about 2 billion years after big bang and are real relics of the ancient universe.
Shapley Supercluster
For many years, scientists have believed that our galaxy Milky Way at a speed of 2.2 million kilometers per hour is attracted through the universe to the constellation Centaurus. Astronomers theorize that the reason for this is the Great Attractor, an object with a gravitational force that is enough to attract entire galaxies to itself. True, scientists could not figure out what kind of object this was for a long time, since this object is located beyond the so-called "zone of avoidance" (ZOA), a region of the sky near the plane of the Milky Way, where the absorption of light by interstellar dust is so great that it is impossible to see what is behind it.
As soon as scientists decided to look deeper into space, they soon discovered that the "great cosmic magnet" is a much larger object than previously thought. This object is the Shapley supercluster.
The Shapley Supercluster is a supermassive cluster of galaxies. It is so huge and has such a powerful attraction that our own galaxy. The supercluster consists of more than 8,000 galaxies with a mass of more than 10 million Suns. Every galaxy in our region of space is currently being pulled by this supercluster.
Supercluster Laniakea
Galaxies are usually grouped together. These groups are called clusters. The regions of space where these clusters are more closely spaced are called superclusters. Previously, astronomers mapped these objects by determining their physical location in the universe, but recently a new way mapping of local space, which shed light on data previously unknown to astronomy.
The new principle of mapping the local space and the galaxies located in it is based not so much on the calculation of the physical location of the object, but on the measurement of the gravitational effect exerted by it.
The first results of the study of our local galaxies using the new research method have already been obtained. Scientists, based on the boundaries of the gravitational flow, mark a new supercluster. The importance of this study lies in the fact that it will allow us to better understand where our place in the universe is. It was previously believed that the Milky Way is located inside the Virgo supercluster, however new method research shows that this region is only an arm of the even larger Laniakea supercluster - one of the most large objects in the Universe. It stretches for 520 million light years, and somewhere inside it we are.
Great Wall of Sloan
The Sloan Great Wall was first discovered in 2003 as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a scientific mapping of hundreds of millions of galaxies to determine the presence of the largest objects in the universe. Sloan's Great Wall is a gigantic galactic filament of multiple superclusters spread out across the universe like the tentacles of a giant octopus. At 1.4 billion light-years long, the "wall" was once thought to be the largest object in the universe.
The Great Wall of Sloan itself is not as well understood as the superclusters that lie within it. Some of these superclusters are interesting in their own right and deserve special mention. One, for example, has a core of galaxies that together look like giant tendrils from the side. Another supercluster has very high level interactions of galaxies, many of which are now undergoing a period of merger.
Group of quasars Huge-LQG7
Quasars are high-energy astronomical objects located at the center of galaxies. It is believed that the center of quasars are supermassive black holes, which pull on the surrounding matter. This results in huge radiation, which is 1000 times more powerful than all the stars inside the galaxy. Currently, the third largest object in the universe is the Huge-LQG group of quasars, consisting of 73 quasars scattered over 4 billion light-years. Scientists believe that this massive group of quasars, as well as similar ones, are one of the main precursors and sources of the largest objects in the universe, such as, for example, Sloane's Great Wall.
Giant gamma ring
Stretching for 5 billion light-years, the Giant galactic gamma-ray ring (Giant GRB Ring) is the second largest object in the universe. In addition to its incredible size, this object attracts attention due to its unusual shape. Astronomers studying bursts of gamma rays (huge bursts of energy that are formed as a result of the death of massive stars) discovered a series of nine bursts, the sources of which were at the same distance from the Earth. These bursts formed a ring in the sky, 70 times the diameter of the full moon.
Great Wall of Hercules - North Corona
The largest object in the universe was also discovered by astronomers as part of their observation of gamma rays. This object, dubbed the Great Wall of Hercules - the Northern Corona, spans 10 billion light-years, making it twice the size of the Giant Galactic Gamma Ring. Since the brightest bursts of gamma rays are produced by larger stars, usually located in areas of space where there is more matter, astronomers each time metaphorically see each such burst as a needle prick into something larger. When scientists discovered that there were too many gamma ray bursts in the region of space towards the constellations Hercules and the Northern Corona, they determined that there was an astronomical object here, most likely a dense concentration of galaxy clusters and other matter.
space web
Scientists believe that the expansion of the universe is not random. There are theories according to which all the galaxies of the cosmos are organized into one incredible structure, resembling filamentous connections that unite dense regions. These filaments are scattered between less dense voids. Scientists call this structure the Cosmic Web.
According to scientists, the web formed at a very early stage in the history of the universe. The early stage of the formation of the web was unstable and heterogeneous, which subsequently helped the formation of everything that is now in the universe. It is believed that the "threads" of this web played a big role in the evolution of the Universe, thanks to which this evolution accelerated. The galaxies inside these filaments have a significantly higher star formation rate. In addition, these threads are a kind of bridge for gravitational interaction between galaxies. After forming in these filaments, galaxies move towards galaxy clusters, where they eventually die.
Only recently have scientists begun to understand what this Cosmic Web really is. Moreover, they even detected its presence in the radiation of the distant quasar they were studying. Quasars are known to be the brightest objects in the universe. The light of one of them went straight to one of the filaments, which heated up the gases in it and made them glow. Based on these observations, scientists have drawn threads between other galaxies, thus compiling a picture of the "skeleton of the cosmos."
Today we will talk about the fact that the Earth is small and the size of other huge celestial bodies in the Universe. What are the dimensions of the Earth compared to other planets and stars of the Universe.
In fact, our planet is very, very small ... compared to many other celestial bodies, and even compared to the same Sun, the Earth is a pea (a hundred times smaller in radius and 333 thousand times in mass), but there are stars in times, hundreds, thousands (!!) times larger than the Sun ... In general, we, people, and each of us especially, are microscopic traces of being in this Universe, atoms invisible to the eyes of creatures that could live on huge stars (theoretically, but , possibly in practice).
Thoughts from the film on the topic: it seems to us that the Earth is big, it really is - for us, since we ourselves are small and our body mass is negligible compared to the scale of the Universe, some have never even been abroad and in most of their lives do not leave the limits of the house, the room, and they know almost nothing about the Universe. And the ants think that their anthill is huge, but we will step on the ant and not even notice it. If we had the power to reduce the Sun to the size of a leukocyte and reduce the Milky Way proportionally, then it would be equal to the scale of Russia. And there are thousands or even millions and billions of galaxies besides the Milky Way... This is in no way fit into the minds of people.
Every year, astronomers discover thousands (or more) of new stars, planets, and celestial bodies. Space is an unexplored area, and how many more galaxies, star, planetary systems will be discovered, and it is quite possible that there are many similar solar systems with theoretically existing life. We can judge the size of all celestial bodies only approximately, and the number of galaxies, systems, celestial bodies in the Universe is unknown. However, based on known data - the Earth is not the smallest object, but far from the largest, there are stars and planets hundreds, thousands of times larger !!
The largest object, that is, a celestial body, is not defined in the Universe, since human capabilities are limited, with the help of satellites, telescopes, we can see only a small part of the Universe, and we don’t know what is there, in the unknown distance and beyond the horizons ... perhaps even more celestial bodies than those discovered by humans.
So, within the solar system, the largest object is the Sun! Its radius is 1,392,000 km, followed by Jupiter - 139,822 km, Saturn - 116,464 km, Uranus - 50,724 km, Neptune - 49,244 km, Earth - 12,742.0 km, Venus - 12,103.6 km, Mars - 6780.0 km, etc.
Several dozen large objects - planets, satellites, stars and several hundred small ones, these are only from the open ones, but there are not open ones.
Sun more earth in radius - more than 100 times, in mass - 333 thousand times. Here are the scales.
The Earth is the 6th largest object in the solar system, very close to the scale of the Earth Venus, and Mars is half the size.
The Earth is generally a pea compared to the Sun. And all the other planets, smaller ones, are practically dust for the Sun ...
However, the Sun warms us regardless of its size and our planet. Did you know, did you imagine, walking on mortal soil with your feet, that our planet is almost a point in comparison with the Sun? And accordingly - we are on it - microscopic microorganisms ...
However, people have a lot of pressing problems, and sometimes there is no time to look beyond the ground under their feet.
Jupiter is over 10 times the size of Earth it is the fifth planet from the Sun (classified as a gas giant along with Saturn, Uranus, Neptune).
The Earth after the gas giants is the second largest object after the Sun in the solar system, then the rest of the planets terrestrial group, Mercury after the satellite of Saturn and Jupiter.
The terrestrial planets - Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars - planets located in the inner region of the solar system.
Pluto is about one and a half times smaller than the Moon, today it is considered a dwarf planet, it is the tenth celestial body in the solar system after 8 planets and Eris (a dwarf planet, approximately similar in size to Pluto), consists of ice and stones, in area as South America, a small planet, however, it is also larger in scale compared to the Earth with the Sun, the Earth is still two times smaller in proportions.
For example, Ganymede is a satellite of Jupiter, Titan is a satellite of Saturn - only 1.5 thousand km less than Mars and more than Pluto and large dwarf planets. dwarf planets and satellites discovered in recent times- a lot, and even stars - even more so, more than a few million, or even billions.
There are several dozens of objects slightly smaller than the Earth and half smaller than the Earth in the solar system, and those that are slightly smaller - several hundred. Can you imagine how many fly around our planet? However, to say “flies around our planet” is incorrect, because as a rule, each planet has some relatively fixed place in the solar system.
And if some asteroid flies towards the Earth, then it is even possible to calculate its approximate trajectory, flight speed, time of approach to the Earth, and with the help of certain technologies, devices (like hitting an asteroid with the help of a super-powerful atomic weapons in order to destroy part of the meteorite and, as a result, change the speed and flight path) change the direction of flight if the planet is in danger.
However, this is a theory, so far such measures have not been applied in practice, but cases of an unexpected fall of celestial bodies on Earth have been recorded - for example, in the case of the same Chelyabinsk meteorite.
In our minds, the Sun is a bright ball in the sky, in abstraction it is some kind of substance that we know about from satellite images, observations and experiments of scientists. However, all we see with our own eyes is a bright ball in the sky that disappears at night. If we compare the size of the Sun and the Earth, then it's about like a toy car and a huge jeep, the jeep will crush the car without even noticing. So is the Sun, if it had at least a little more aggressive characteristics and an unrealistic ability to move, it would swallow everything in its path, including the Earth. By the way, one of the theories of the death of the planet in the future says that the Sun will swallow the Earth.
We are accustomed, living in a limited world, to believe only what we see and take for granted only what is under our feet and perceive the Sun precisely as a ball in the sky that lives for us in order to light the way for mere mortals, to warm us, to give us energy, in general, we use the Sun for full program, and the idea that this bright star carries a potential danger seems ridiculous. And only a few people will seriously think that there are other galaxies in which there are celestial objects that are hundreds, and sometimes thousands of times larger than those in the solar system.
People simply cannot comprehend in their minds what the speed of light is, how celestial bodies move in the Universe, these are not formats of human consciousness…
We talked about the sizes of celestial bodies within the solar system, about the sizes of large planets, said that the Earth is the 6th largest object in the solar system and that the Earth is a hundred times smaller than the Sun (in diameter), and 333 thousand times in mass , however, there are celestial bodies in the Universe MUCH larger than the Sun. And if the comparison of the Sun and the Earth did not fit into the consciousness of mere mortals, then the fact that there are stars in comparison with which the Sun - a ball - even more so does not fit into us.
However, according to research scientists, it is. And this is a fact, based on the data obtained by astronomers. There are other star systems where the life of the planets exists like ours, the Sun. By "the life of the planets" is meant not earthly life with people or other beings, but the existence of planets in this system. So, to the question of life in space - every year, every day, scientists come to the conclusion that life on other planets is more and more possible, but this remains only an assumption. In the solar system, the only one close in terms of conditions to terrestrial planet is Mars, but the planets of other star systems have not been studied in their entirety.
For example:
“It is believed that Earth-like planets are the most favorable for the emergence of life, so the search for them attracts close attention of the public. So in December 2005, scientists from the Space Science Institute (Pasadena, California) reported the discovery of a star similar to the Sun, around which rocky planets are presumably formed.
Subsequently, planets were discovered that are only a few times more massive than the Earth and should probably have a solid surface.
An example of exoplanets earth type can serve as super-Earths. As of June 2012, over 50 super-Earths have been found."
These super-earths are the potential carriers of life in the Universe. Although this is a question, since the main criterion for the class of such planets is more than 1 times the mass of the Earth, however, all discovered planets revolve around stars with less thermal radiation compared to the Sun, usually white, red and orange dwarfs.
The first super-Earth discovered in the habitable zone in 2007 is the planet Gliese 581 c near the star Gliese 581, the planet had a mass of about 5 Earth masses, “0.073 AU from its star. e. and is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe "life zone" of the star Gliese 581. Later, a number of planets were discovered near this star and today they are referred to as a planetary system, the star itself has a low luminosity, several tens of times less than the Sun. It was one of the most sensational discoveries in astronomy.
But back to the topic of big stars.
Below are photos of the largest objects in the solar system and stars in comparison with the Sun, and then with the last star in the previous photo.
Mercury< Марс < Венера < Земля;
Earth< Нептун < Уран < Сатурн < Юпитер;
Jupiter< < Солнце < Сириус;
Sirius< Поллукс < Арктур < Альдебаран;
Aldebaran< Ригель < Антарес < Бетельгейзе;
Betelgeuse< Мю Цефея < < VY Большого Пса
And in this list there are still the smallest stars and planets (the really largest star in this list, perhaps, is only the VY Canis Major star) .. The largest cannot even be compared with the Sun, because the Sun simply will not be visible.
The equatorial radius of the Sun, 695,700 km, is used as a unit for measuring the radius of a star.
For example, the star VV Cephei is 10 times larger than the Sun, and between the Sun and Jupiter, Wolf 359 (a single star in the constellation Leo, a faint red dwarf) is considered the largest star.
VV Cephei (not to be confused with the star of the same name with the "prefix" A) - “an eclipsing Algol-type binary star in the constellation Cepheus, which is located at a distance of about 5000 light-years from Earth. Component A is the seventh largest star known to science as of 2015 and the second largest star in the Milky Way Galaxy (after VY Canis Major).”
"Capella (α Aur / α Aurigae / Alpha Aurigae) is the brightest star in the constellation Auriga, the sixth brightest star in the sky and the third brightest star in the sky of the Northern Hemisphere."
The chapel is 12.2 times larger than the Sun in radius.
The polar star is 30 times larger than the Sun in radius. A star in the constellation Ursa Minor, located near North Pole of the world, a supergiant of spectral type F7I.
Star Y Hounds of the Dogs is more than the Sun in (!!!) 300 times! (that is, about 3000 times larger than the Earth), a red giant in the constellation Canes Venatici, one of the coolest and reddest stars. And this is not the largest star.
For example, the star VV Cepheus A is larger than the Sun in radius by as much as 1050-1900 times! And the star is very interesting for its inconstancy and "leakage": “The luminosity is 275,000-575,000 times greater. The star fills the Roche lobe, and its matter flows to the neighboring companion. The speed of outflow of gases reaches 200 km/s. It has been established that the VV of Cepheus A is a physical variable pulsating with a period of 150 days.”
Of course, most of us will not understand information with scientific terms, if succinctly - a red-hot star, losing matter. Its size, strength, brightness of luminosity is simply impossible to imagine.
So, the 5 largest stars in the Universe (recognized as such from the currently known and discovered ones), in comparison with which our Sun is a pea and a speck of dust:
- VX Sagittarius - 1520 times the diameter of the Sun. A supergiant, hypergiant, variable star in the constellation Sagittarius is losing its mass due to the stellar wind.
- Westerland 1-26 - about 1530-2544 times the radius of the Sun. A red supergiant, or hypergiant, "located in the star cluster Westerland 1 in the constellation Altar".
- Star WOH G64 from the constellation Dorado, a red supergiant of spectral type M7.5, is located in the neighboring galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud. The distance to the solar system is approximately 163 thousand light years. years. More than the radius of the Sun by 1540 times.
- NML Cygnus (V1489 Cygnus) is 1183 - 2775 times larger than the Sun in radius, - "a star, a red hypergiant, is located in the constellation Cygnus."
- UY of the Shield is 1516 - 1900 times greater than the radius of the Sun. Currently the largest star in the Milky Way and in the universe.
“UY Scutum is a star (hypergiant) in the constellation Scutum. Located at a distance of 9500 St. years (2900 pc) from the Sun.
It is one of the largest and brightest known stars. According to scientists, the radius of the UY Shield is equal to 1708 radii of the Sun, the diameter is 2.4 billion km (15.9 AU). At the peak of pulsations, the radius can reach 2000 solar radii. The volume of a star is about 5 billion times the volume of the Sun."
From this list we can see that there are about a hundred (90) stars much larger than the Sun (!!!). And there are such stars, on the scale of which the Sun is a grain, and the Earth is not even dust, but an atom.
The point is that places in this list distributed according to the principle of accuracy in determining parameters, mass, there are approximately larger stars than UY Scutum, but their sizes and other parameters have not been established for certain, however, the parameters of this star may one day become questionable. It is clear that stars 1000-2000 times larger than the Sun exist.
And, perhaps, there are or are forming planetary systems near some, and who will give guarantees that there cannot be life there ... or not now? Wasn't there or never will be? No one… We know too little about the Universe and the Cosmos.
Yes, and even from the stars shown in the pictures - the latest star - VY Canis Majoris has a radius equal to 1420 solar radii, but the UY Shield star at the peak of the pulsation is about 2000 solar radii, and there are stars presumably more than 2.5 thousand solar radii. Such scales cannot be imagined, these are truly extraterrestrial formats.
Of course, the question is interesting - look at the very first picture in the article and at latest photos, where there are many, many stars - how does such a number of celestial bodies coexist in the Universe quite calmly? There are no explosions, collisions of these same supergiants, because the sky, from what is visible to us, is teeming with stars ... In fact, this is just the conclusion of mere mortals who do not understand the scale of the Universe - we see a distorted picture, but in fact there is enough space for everyone , and, perhaps, there are explosions and collisions, it just does not lead to the death of the Universe and even part of the galaxies, because the distance from star to star is huge.
Name ___________________________________ _____ Date _______________________
1. List the planets of the solar system:
1) _________________ 5) _________________
2) _________________ 6) _________________
3) _________________ 7) _________________
4) _________________ 8) _________________
2. Arrange sequentially the objects of the Universe in ascending order of magnitude
3. An imaginary straight line passing through the poles, around which the Earth rotates
a) axis b) orbit c) equator
4. Huge parts of land, surrounded on all sides by water, are called
a) mainland b) island c) peninsula
5. On what continent is the territory of the region where you live?
a) Austria b) Eurasia c) Africa d) South America
6. Arrange the planets of the solar system in order of distance from the Sun
7. The rotation of the Earth around its axis leads to
8. The duration of one revolution of the Earth around its axis is called _____________________,
they consist of ___________ hours
9. Which planet belongs to the giant planets?
a) Mars b) Venus c) Pluto d) Saturn
10. The circulation of the Earth around the Sun leads to
_____________________________________________
11. The time required for a complete revolution of the Earth around the Sun is called __________________.
it consists of ______ days.
12. Read the sentences. Underline the ones that explain why the seasons change on the globe make a schematic drawing.
1) The earth rotates on its axis
2) The earth moves around the sun
3) Tilt earth's axis
13. The path along which the Earth moves around the Sun is called _____________________
14. Our galaxy is called
_____________________________________________
15. natural satellite Earth
a) Moon b) Sun c) Mars d) Stars
16. Reduced model of the Earth - _________________
17. Who became the first astronaut?
______________________________________________
18. The first Kazakh cosmonaut
_____________________________________________
19. What is the name of the cosmodrome, which is located on the territory of Kazakhstan?
_________________________________
20. People visited:
a) on Mars b) on the Moon
c) on Venus d) on all planets of the solar system
which are on it. In the bulk, we are all chained to the place where we live and work. The size of our world is amazing, but it is absolutely nothing compared to the universe. As the saying goes - "born too late to explore the world and too early to explore space". It's even embarrassing. However, let's get started - just look so that your head does not spin.
1. This is the Earth.
This is the same planet that is currently the only home for humanity. The place where life magically appeared (or maybe not so magically) and where we appeared in the course of evolution.
2. Our place in the solar system.
The nearest large space objects that surround us, of course, are our neighbors in the solar system. Everyone remembers their names from childhood, and at the lessons of the world around them they sculpt models. It so happened that even among them we are not the biggest ...
3. The distance between our Earth and the Moon.
It doesn't seem that far, does it? And if we take into account modern speeds, then there is nothing at all.
4. In fact - far enough.
If you try, it is very accurate and comfortable - between the planet and the satellite, you can easily place the rest of the planets of the solar system.
5. However, let's continue talking about the planets.
in front of you North America, as if it were placed on Jupiter. Yes, this small green speck is North America. Can you imagine how huge our Earth would be if we moved it to the scale of Jupiter? People would probably still discover new lands)
6. This is Earth compared to Jupiter.
Nuuu, or rather six Earths - for clarity.
7. Rings of Saturn, sir.
The rings of Saturn would have such a gorgeous view, with the condition that they revolve around the Earth. Look at Polynesia - looks a bit like an Opera icon, right?
8. Compare the Earth with the Sun?
It doesn't look that big in the sky...
9. This view opens up to the Earth, if you look at it from the moon.
It's beautiful, right? So lonely against the backdrop of empty space. Or not empty? Let's continue...
10. And so from Mars
I bet you wouldn't know if it's Earth.
11. This is a picture of the Earth just outside the rings of Saturn
12. But behind Neptune.
Only 4.5 billion kilometers. How long would you search?
13. So, let's go back to the star called the Sun.
An exciting sight, isn't it?
14. Here is the Sun from the surface of Mars.
15. And here is its comparison with the Scales of the star VY Canis Major.
How are you? More than impressive. Can you imagine what kind of energy is concentrated there?
16. But this is all garbage, if we compare our native star with the size of the Milky Way galaxy.
To make it clearer, imagine that we have compressed our Sun to the size of a white blood cell. In this case, the size of the Milky Way is quite comparable to the size of Russia, for example. This is the Milky Way.
17. In general, the stars are huge
Everything that is placed in this yellow circle is everything that you can see at night from Earth. The rest is not visible to the naked eye.
18. But there are also other galaxies.
Here is the Milky Way compared to the galaxy IC 1011, located 350 million light years from Earth.
Let's go one more time, shall we?
So this is Earth, our home.
Let's zoom out to the size of the solar system...
Let's take a little more...
And now to the size of the Milky Way ...
Let's keep decreasing...
And further…
Almost done, don't worry...
Ready! Finish!
This is all that humanity can now observe, using modern technology. It's not even an ant... Judge for yourself, just don't go crazy...
Such scales do not even fit in the head. But someone declares with confidence that we are alone in the universe, although they themselves are not really sure whether the Americans were on the moon or not.
Hold on guys... hold on.
The science
Of course, the oceans are vast, and the mountains are incredibly high. What's more, the 7 billion people that the Earth is home to is also an incredibly large number. But, living in this world, with a diameter of 12,742 kilometers, it is easy to forget that this is, in essence, a trifle for such a thing as space. When we look into the night sky, we realize that we are just a grain of sand in a vast infinite universe. We invite you to learn about the largest objects in space, the size of some of them is difficult for us to imagine.
1) Jupiter
The largest planet in the solar system (142,984 kilometers in diameter)
Jupiter is the largest planet in our star system. Ancient astronomers named this planet after Jupiter, the father of the Roman gods. Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun. The planet's atmosphere is 84 percent hydrogen and 15 percent helium. Everything else is acetylene, ammonia, ethane, methane, phosphine and water vapor.
The mass of Jupiter is 318 times the mass of the Earth, and the diameter is 11 times greater. The mass of this giant is 70 percent of the mass of all the planets in the solar system. Jupiter's volume is large enough to contain 1,300 Earth-like planets. Jupiter has 63 known moons, but most of them are incredibly small and fuzzy.
2) Sun
The largest object in the solar system (1,391,980 kilometers in diameter)
Our Sun is a yellow dwarf star, the largest object in the star system in which we exist. The sun contains 99.8 percent of the mass of this entire system, most the rest of the mass comes from Jupiter. The Sun is currently 70 percent hydrogen and 28 percent helium, with the remaining matter accounting for just 2 percent of its mass.
Over time, the hydrogen in the Sun's core turns into helium. Conditions in the Sun's core, which is 25 percent of its diameter, are extreme. The temperature is 15.6 million Kelvin and the pressure is 250 billion atmospheres. The energy of the Sun is achieved through nuclear fusion reactions. Every second, approximately 700,000,000 tons of hydrogen are converted into 695,000,000 tons of helium and 5,000,000 tons of energy in the form of gamma rays.
3) Our solar system
15*10 12 kilometers in diameter
Our solar system includes just one star, which is the central object, and nine major planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto, as well as many satellites, millions of solid asteroids and billions of icy comets.
4) Star VY Canis Major
The largest star in the universe (3 billion kilometers in diameter)
VY Canis Majoris is the largest known star and one of the brightest stars in the sky. It is a red hypergiant located in the constellation Canis Major. The radius of this star is about 1800-2200 times greater than the radius of our Sun, its diameter is about 3 billion kilometers.
If this star were placed in our solar system, it would close the orbit of Saturn. Some astronomers believe that VY is actually smaller—about 600 times the size of the Sun—and therefore would only reach the orbit of Mars.
5) Huge deposits of water
Astronomers have discovered the largest and most massive reservoir of water ever found in the universe. The giant cloud, about 12 billion years old, contains 140 trillion times more water than all of Earth's oceans combined.
A cloud of gaseous water surrounds a supermassive black hole located 12 billion light-years from Earth. This discovery shows that water has dominated the universe for almost its entire existence, the researchers said.
6) Extremely large and massive black holes
21 billion solar masses
Supermassive black holes are the largest black holes in the galaxy, weighing hundreds or even thousands of millions of solar masses. Most, if not all, galaxies, including the Milky Way, are believed to contain supermassive black holes at their centers.
One such monster, 21 million times the mass of the Sun, is an egg-shaped funnel of stars in NGC 4889, the brightest galaxy in the stretched cloud of thousands of galaxies. The hole is located about 336 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. This black hole is so huge that it is 12 times larger than our solar system in diameter.
7) Milky Way
100-120 thousand light years in diameter
The Milky Way is a broken spiral galaxy that contains 200-400 billion stars. There are many planets revolving around each of these stars.
According to some estimates, 10 billion planets are in the habitable zone, revolving around their parent stars, that is, in zones where there are all conditions for the origin of life like Earth.
8) El Gordo
The largest cluster of galaxies (2 * 10 15 solar masses)
El Gordo is located more than 7 billion light-years from Earth, so what we are seeing today is just an early stage of it. According to the researchers who have studied this galaxy cluster, it is the largest, hottest and emits the most radiation than any other known cluster at the same distance or further.
The central galaxy at the center of El Gordo is incredibly bright and has an unusual blue glow. The authors of the studies suggest that this extreme galaxy is the result of a collision and merger of two galaxies.
Using the Spitzer Space Telescope and optical imaging, scientists estimate that 1 percent of the cluster's total mass is stars, and the rest is hot gas that fills the space between the stars. This ratio of stars to gas is similar to the ratio in other massive clusters.
9) Our Universe
Size - 156 billion light years
Of course, no one could ever name the exact dimensions of the Universe, but, according to some estimates, its diameter is 1.5 * 10 24 kilometers. In general, it is difficult for us to imagine that there is an end somewhere, because the Universe includes incredibly gigantic objects:
Earth Diameter: 1.27*104km
Sun diameter: 1.39*106 km
Solar system: 2.99 * 10 10 km or 0.0032 sv. l.
Distance from the Sun to the nearest star: 4.5 sv. l.
Milky Way: 1.51*10 18 km or 160,000 sv. l.
Local group of galaxies: 3.1 * 10 19 km or 6.5 million sv. l.
Local supercluster: 1.2 * 10 21 km or 130 million sv. l.
10) Multiverse
One can try to imagine not one, but many Universes that exist at the same time. The Multiverse (or Multiple Universe) is a possible collection of many possible Universes, including our own, which together comprise everything that exists or can exist: the integrity of space, time, material matter and energy, and physical laws and the constants that describe it all.
However, the existence of other Universes besides ours has not been proven, so it is very likely that our Universe is the only one of its kind.