Everything to pass the exam. Here's what everyone who is going to take the exam in Russian needs to know
Preparation for a unified state is not easy for all graduates, but each of them is interested in the question what you need to know to pass the exam in literature. To facilitate the process of preparing for the exam, you need to take into account some points.
Stages of preparation for the exam in literature
The first step is to get acquainted with the list of works that should be read.
The second stage is to carefully study the requirements for the exam and the structure of the exam.
The third stage is to get acquainted with the theory of literature.
The fourth step is to familiarize yourself with the Part C criteria and practice writing.
How to prepare for the exam in literature?
After reviewing the theory of literature, work through each text listed in the Codifier. Then you need to repeat the biography of the writer according to the textbook, write out the main dates on a special card. Each work must be re-read, after which it is necessary to formulate the essence of the plot and conflict in two or three sentences. After thinking about the problem, write out all the wording on a separate card. Separately, it should be written full names main characters.
The next stage of preparation will be work with textbooks and additional literature. In the process of reading, you need to make short notes.
After mastering all the material for training, use the FIPI development notebooks prepared by E.L. Erokhin and S.A. Zinin.
Part B needs to be worked out on your own, but to prepare for part C, you need the help of a teacher who can evaluate what is written, give advice, and sort out mistakes.
Another important point in preparing for the exam in literature is that you need to set a goal for yourself, how many points you should score. To do this, make a list of 5-6 suitable for you educational institutions and find out in admission committees what it was last year.
If you are interested in the question of what you need to know in order to prepare for the exam in literature, use the following study guides:
Two-volume Russian literature of the XIX-XX centuries. Tutorial for applicants to universities”, edition of the Philology Faculty of Moscow State University;
N.M. Azarov "Text. Russian manual literature XIX century" (any edition). Azarova's methodology is considered the most effective for preparing for the exam;
L. A. Skubachevskaya, N. V. Slautina, T. V. Nadozirnaya and others. "Unified State Examination. Literature. Universal Reference Book (Publishing House Eksmo);
The book "Unified State Examination. Literature: examination tasks”, prepared by S. A. Zinin;
E. L. Erokhin. "Literature. Thematic workbook FIPI", publishing house "Exam".
Those parents whose children coming year the cherished letters of the Unified State Examination are shining, they are already worried about their schoolchildren and are storming information portals in search of the latest information about the procedure for taking exams this year.
Still would. The eleventh grade is not only a time of carefree first love, but also a responsible time when the fate of a child is decided. This is the case when you need to do everything: learn your lessons, prepare for the exam, fall in love unrequitedly, go on a date and ... be sure to pass the exam. Brilliant, decent or just tolerable - who has what tasks.
The final exam in the Russian language, which will be discussed, is mandatory, which means that obtaining the coveted certificate with a high score in this subject seriously brings the graduate closer to the dream university.
You can have different attitudes towards the USE, but at the moment it is this format that has firmly established itself in our education system and has established itself as a fairly objective form of testing the knowledge of graduates throughout Russia.
I can reassure parents: in my memory, cases of unsatisfactory passing of the exam by schoolchildren are rare. There is no need to panic too much. But it’s definitely worth planning a preparation schedule in advance and at least approximately determining the pace of repetition of the material (in grades 10-11, learning new material in Russian language lessons is not provided) is definitely worth it.
My experience with schoolchildren who have to take the exam shows:
those who stick to at least some plan planned in advance and systematically devote time to preparation, in general, show results above those who prefer improvisation and spontaneity (in other words, preparing in the last month).
When to start preparing? The answer to this question depends on the progress in the subject and the individual pace of the student. Year - so much time is most often required to systematically repeat the material, fill in the gaps and practice on the exam tasks.
So, here are the three main rules that you need to remember when preparing for the exam.
1. "Fifty fifty"
Remember, in the popular TV show host Maxim Galkin turned to the computer with a request to remove the wrong answers? Disappeared two answers out of four, obviously wrong. And the player painfully chose between the two positions, relying on intelligence or intuition. A similar principle works in the exam. Among the proposed answers, it is easy to calculate exactly the wrong ones. Even a trio can handle it with confidence. But to give a final answer, you have to rack your brains and remember the rule.
If the child does not remember the rule firmly, he may fall into the "trap", choose an option that only disguises itself as the correct one.
I'll give you an example. In the task, you need to find and write out the word in which E is written:
Nast ... wat, jump off ... wat, fool ... vy, almond .. vy.
Schoolboy vaguely remembering rule about suffixes –liv/ –chiv , which are written with I, he argues as follows: in the word "almond ... vy" the suffix -liv-, without checking that almond is the root, which means that this rule does not fit this adjective. Also, the child may react to the little-known word "fool ... vy" and make a mistake by choosing it.
Which programming language to choose, what tasks to focus on and how to allocate time on the exam
Teaches computer science at Foxford.
Different universities require different entry exams in IT areas. Somewhere you need to take physics, somewhere - computer science. It is up to you to decide which exam to prepare for, but it should be borne in mind that the competition for specialties where physics must be taken is usually lower than in specialties where the Unified State Examination in computer science is required, i.e. the probability of entering "through physics" is greater.
Why then take the exam in computer science?
- It is faster and easier to prepare for it than for physics.
- You will be able to choose from more specialties.
- It will be easier for you to study in the chosen specialty.
What you need to know about the exam in computer science
The exam in computer science consists of two parts. In the first part there are 23 problems with a short answer, in the second - 4 problems with a detailed answer. There are 12 tasks in the first part of the exam basic level, 10 advanced quests and 1 quest high level. In the second part - 1 task of an increased level and 3 - high.
Solving problems from the first part allows you to score 23 primary points - one point for the completed task. Solving problems of the second part adds 12 primary points(3, 2, 3 and 4 points for each task, respectively). Thus, the maximum primary points that can be obtained for solving all tasks is 35.
Primary scores are converted into test scores, which are USE result. 35 primary points = 100 test points per exam. At the same time, more test points are awarded for solving problems from the second part of the exam than for answers to the problems of the first part. Each primary score obtained for the second part of the exam, will give you 3 or 4 test scores, which in total is about 40 final points for the exam.
This means that at fulfillment of the exam in computer science, special attention should be paid to solving problems with a detailed answer: No. 24, 25, 26 and 27. Their successful completion will allow you to score more final points. But the price of an error during their execution is higher - the loss of each primary score is fraught with the fact that you will not pass the competition, because 3-4 final points for the Unified State Examination, with high competition in IT specialties, can become decisive.
How to prepare for solving problems from the first part
- Pay special attention to tasks No. 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23. It is these tasks, according to the analysis of the results of past years, that are especially difficult. Difficulties in solving these problems are experienced not only by those who have a low overall score for the Unified State Examination in computer science, but also by “good students” and “excellent students”.
- Learn by heart the table of powers of the number 2.
- Remember that Kbytes in tasks means kibibytes, not kilobytes. 1 kibibyte = 1024 bytes. This will help avoid calculation errors.
- study carefully USE options previous years. The computer science exam is one of the most stable, which means that you can safely use the USE options for the last 3-4 years for preparation.
- Get to know different options task formulations. Remember that a slight change in the wording will always lead to worse exam results.
- Read the problem statement carefully. Most of the errors in completing assignments are due to a misunderstanding of the condition.
- Learn to independently check completed tasks and find errors in the answers.
What you need to know about problem solving with a detailed answer
24 task - to find the error
25 task requires a simple program
26 task - on game theory
27 task - it is necessary to program a complex program
Problem 27 is the main difficulty in the exam. It is only decided60-70% writing the exam in informatics. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it is impossible to prepare for it in advance. Every year, the exam is submitted in principle new task. When solving problem No. 27, not a single semantic error should be made.
How to calculate exam time
Be guided by the data that are given in the specification of control measuring materials for conducting the exam in informatics. It indicates the approximate time allotted for completing the tasks of the first and second parts of the exam.
The exam in computer science lasts 235 minutes
Of these, 90 minutes are allotted for solving problems from the first part. On average, each task from the first part takes from 3 to 5 minutes. It takes 10 minutes to solve problem #23.
There are 145 minutes left to solve the tasks of the second part of the exam, while solving the last task No. 27 will take at least 55 minutes. These calculations were made by the specialists of the Federal Institute for Pedagogical Measurements and are based on the results of exams from previous years, so they should be taken seriously and used as a guide for the exam.
Programming languages - which one to choose
- BASIC. it obsolete language, and although it is still studied in schools, there is no point in wasting time on mastering it.
- School algorithmic programming language. It is designed specifically for early learning to program, it is convenient for mastering initial algorithms, but it contains almost no depth, there is nowhere to develop in it.
- Pascal. It is still one of the most common programming languages for teaching in schools and universities, but its capabilities are also very limited. Pascal is quite suitable as the language for writing the exam.
- C++. Universal language, one of the fastest programming languages. It is difficult to study on it, but in practical application its possibilities are very wide.
- Python. It is easy to learn at an elementary level, the only thing required is knowledge of English language. At the same time, with an in-depth study, Python provides the programmer with no less opportunities than C ++. Having started learning Python at school, you will continue to use it in the future, you will not have to relearn another language in order to reach new horizons in programming. For passing the exam It is enough to know "Python" at a basic level.
Good to know
- Works in computer science are evaluated by two experts. If the expert evaluation results differ by 1 point, the higher of the two points is assigned. If the discrepancy is 2 points or more, the work is rechecked by a third expert.
- A useful site for preparing for the exam in computer science -
The answer is simple - words.
You need to know the words. The words. The words. A thousand words. And again words.
If you think that you only need to know grammar, then you are greatly mistaken.
Grammar
How many “clean” words can you get from grammar?
- 7 points in the Grammar section (19-25)
- 2 points (criterion 3) - letter
- 2 points (criterion 4) - essay
- 2 points (criterion 3) - speaking part No. 3
- 2 points (criterion 3) - speaking part No. 4
- 5 points - speaking part 2 (ask 5 questions)
What happens? In total, you can get 20 points for grammar. The remaining 80 points you can score only at the expense of vocabulary.
Most students for some reason believe that knowing the tenses and the passive voice will save the whole situation. This is not true. This is very far from the truth.
What do you need to pass the exam in English with a score above 75?
I repeat, words.
In 2018 something terrible happened - something that no one expected and cannot predict. In the essay topics, the guys came across the word literacy, could not translate it, and almost everyone (think about it - almost ALL who wrote) received 0 points for the essay.
Not fair? Of course it's not fair! This example can be written down as a perfect example of dishonesty in this world.
How can you influence your score in the English exam?
Letter to Verbitskaya? This was already written, she replied that there was nothing wrong with the word literacy, because an essay is a high-level task, so you should know this word.
As you understand that it is impossible to fight this, nothing will change. Not after letters, not after petitions. But the situation can be changed - to recruit vocabulary words. We cannot influence the format of the exam, but we can do what is in your power to learn the words.
There are 2 questions left.
How not to learn words for the exam?
just by the codifier, by some lists that lie on the Internet (you will waste your time).
How to learn words for the exam?
- read books and retell
- listen to BBC podcasts 6 min and retell
- watch documentaries Unreported World and discuss with your tutor
- write a lot using new words
- prepare mini reports and projects for certain topic(now you can choose a topic from the codifier)
If you are already doing all this with your tutor, great! You are on the right way.
If you don't have a tutor yet, then come to my lessons at least once a week. Make a difference. Take a step towards your dream - pass USE exam on the high score and go to college.
Read more about the lessons for preparing for the exam.
One of the two required and by far the most difficult is the math exam. And although there are relatively few tasks (20), and the time to solve them is a little less than 4 hours (3 hours 55 minutes), most school graduates encounter difficulties during the exam. This is due to both the incorrect distribution of time when solving tasks, and some gaps in the main sections of school mathematics. What is the most correct and rational way to prepare for the exam in mathematics in the form of the Unified State Examination?
To get started, you just need to remember a number of elementary things. You must be able to add, subtract, divide and multiply both whole and fractional numbers. It is very important to remember what a power of a number is, especially with a negative and fractional value. You can rearrange parts of the sum, but not the difference! You must clearly be able to open the brackets, remembering what it means to multiply a negative number to negative, or negative to positive. This will also help to cast similar terms. We must remember the rules for calculating proportions. All these elementary knowledge and skills are mandatory and without them it will be extremely difficult to pass mathematics (and it is absolutely impossible to study at a university).
B
If everything is in order with basic knowledge, then you should pay attention to the tasks from block B. They are relatively simple and mainly consist of tasks in the algebra course. The answer is either integers or decimals. In total, there are 14 tasks in the block. Therefore, without solving most of them, it is not worth moving on to block C. Tasks of the following type are usually presented.
This is necessarily a simple task of finding percentages of a given number, as well as tasks on the ability to use ready-made charts - it’s enough to solve it yourself once, it’s very simple tasks. Usually there is also a task for simple logic, where you need to add, multiply, compare some integers. You need to know the basic trigonometric formula relating the square of the sine to the square of the cosine:
Since there is always a task to use this formula. There is always a fairly simple task of determining the logarithm, as a rule, in the form of a simple logarithmic equation, or exponential equation. For example:
The answer is, of course, x= 95. There is a task on the basic properties of the derivative of a function - these properties will have to be remembered. Thus, half of the tasks of block B are on knowledge of elementary things and provide for the simplest skills.
The most difficult tasks of Block B are word problems. They will have to be seriously considered. It is necessary to take an unknown value for x and try to express the conditions of the problem through this unknown. Tasks are also of a geometric nature, then you need to use the formulas for the area of \u200b\u200ba certain figure or the volume of a body. Usually the geometric problem is even simpler. The task can also be of a physical nature, for example, on the speed of movement. In addition, some text problems with a physical meaning are solved without introducing any x at all, since the equation of motion has already been given - in such cases it is necessary to find the derivative of this function. Remember that the derivative of distance with respect to time is velocity, and the derivative of velocity with respect to time is acceleration. The ability to find the derivative is always a challenge. There are a lot of formulas and rules for finding derivatives - they must be remembered. Finally, there are purely geometric problems. Usually one is devoted to the properties of figures on the plane, and the other to the properties of bodies in space. You need to know the Pythagorean theorem:
The square of the hypotenuse right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs:
At least half of the geometric problems in the exam are solved with its help! In the course of geometry, a large number of theorems and properties of different figures are studied - it is not necessary to know them all, many things can be guessed, since they are often obvious - only the answer is recorded.
C
Block C contains only 6 buildings, but they are more complex and varied. Two or even three tasks are geometric. Largest number points depend on the solution of these problems. The score depends on the completeness and correctness of the solution. By and large, the whole complexity of the exam in mathematics lies in solving this block of tasks. There should be at least 2 hours left to complete these tasks.
Must be able to decide trigonometric equations and inequalities. The main insidiousness of these tasks is that often, to simplify the task, you need to know trigonometric formulas, and there are many of them - you need to remember at least the main ones. There is a task for the ability to solve various systems equations or inequalities, as a rule, of a mixed nature, that is, containing both exponential, logarithmic equations, and ordinary ones. It is necessary to carefully determine the domains of definition of these functions and be able to transform the equations, it is often possible to introduce a new variable after transformations, which simplifies the solution. Geometric problems require knowledge of the properties of figures on the plane and bodies in space. Tasks on a plane require the ability to competently build a drawing, from which it is clear what is missing to get an answer. Additional builds may be required. It is necessary to remember the extended Pythagorean theorem (cosine theorem), the sine theorem. Often there are tasks on the properties of a circle and figures that are inscribed (described) in it. Spatial problems are solved by 90% with a correctly made drawing, usually it is enough to know some properties of triangles and the theorems listed above. An example of a geometric problem:
Rib lengths AB, AA 1 and AD cuboid ABCDA 1 B 1 C 1 D 1 are 12, 16 and 15, respectively. Find the distance from vertex A 1 to line BD 1 .
The most complex tasks are tasks with parameters, there are quite a lot of such tasks. It is difficult to give any general recommendations, for solving such tasks it is necessary to train especially. Finally, there are tasks different kinds progressions and sequences in general. Here we must remember the formulas of arithmetic and geometric progression, and also try to formulate the conditions of the assignment in the form of an equation. Here is an example of a system with a parameter:
For what values of the parameters a and b the system has infinitely many solutions?
Thus, there is nothing supernatural in most tasks, and any graduate of the school can solve them, subject to careful and thoughtful preparation.