The USSR in the Second World War: the Great Patriotic War. Battle of Kursk
№1 Fill in the empty cells of the table using the data in the list below
1) M. A. Egorov, M. V. Kantaria 2) September 1941 - April 19423) Ya. F. Pavlov 4) Battle of Kursk
№2
Eventthe date
Participant(s)
Operation "Bagration"
__________(BUT)
I. Kh. Bagramyan, I. D. Chernyakhovsky
Operation Overlord
__________(B)
__________(AT)
__________(G)
August-December 1943
G. K. Zhukov, I. S. KonevK. K. Rokossovsky
Battle for Moscow
__________(D)
__________(E)
1) M. A. Egorov, M. V. Kantaria 2) September 1941 - April 1942
3) D. Eisenhower 4) Battle of Kursk
№ 3. Fill in the empty cells of the table using the data provided in the list below.
1) November-December 1943 2) Vistula-Oder operation5) I. V. Stalin, F. D. Roosevelt, W. Churchill 6) June-August 1944
7) August 9-September 2, 1945 8) I. S. Konev 9) Iasi-Kishinev operation
№ 4 Fill in the empty cells of the table using the data provided in the list below.
EventName locality(territories)
Year
__________(BUT)
v. Prokhorovka
__________(B)
__________(AT)
Stalingrad
1942
The first air night ram during the Great Patriotic War
__________(G)
__________(D)
The first meeting of Soviet and American troops during the Great Patriotic War
__________(E)
1945
1) Torgau 2) 1943 3) Moscow and Moscow Region 4) Budapest
5) environment 6th German army under the command of F. Paulus 6) the first meeting of the leaders of the "Big Three" countries 7) 1941. 8) the largest tank battle during the Great Patriotic War 9) 1944
№5. What event of the Great Patriotic War is shown on the map.
№6. Which military operation Great Patriotic War is marked on the map.
№7. Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number "4".
№8. Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number "2", in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich the troops of the two fronts of the Red Army united.
August 23 marks the Day of Military Glory of Russia - the Day of the defeat of the Wehrmacht forces by the Soviet troops on the Kursk Bulge. Almost two months of intense and bloody battles led the Red Army to this important victory, the outcome of which was not at all a foregone conclusion. Battle of Kursk one of the largest battles in world history. Let's remember about it a little more.
Fact 1
The ledge in the center of the Soviet-German front to the west of Kursk was formed during the stubborn battles of February-March 1943 for Kharkov. The Kursk Bulge was up to 150 km deep and 200 km wide. This ledge is called the Kursk Bulge.
Battle of Kursk
Fact 2
The Battle of Kursk is one of the key battles of World War II, not only because of the scale of the battles that took place on the fields between Orel and Belgorod in the summer of 1943. Victory in this battle meant the final turning point in the war in favor of the Soviet troops, which began after Battle of Stalingrad. With this victory, the Red Army, having exhausted the enemy, finally seized the strategic initiative. And that means we are advancing from now on. The defense was over.
Another consequence - political - was the final confidence of the Allies in victory over Germany. At the conference held in November-December 1943 in Tehran, on the initiative of F. Roosevelt, the post-war plan for the dismemberment of Germany was already discussed.
Scheme of the Battle of Kursk
Fact 3
1943 was a year of difficult choices for the command of both sides. Defend or attack? And if you attack, then how large-scale tasks should you set for yourself? Both Germans and Russians had to answer these questions one way or another.
Back in April, G. K. Zhukov sent his report to the Headquarters on possible military operations in the coming months. According to Zhukov, the best solution for the Soviet troops in the current situation would be to wear down the enemy on their defenses, destroying as many tanks as possible, and then bring in reserves and go on the general offensive. Zhukov's considerations formed the basis of the campaign plan for the summer of 1943, after the preparation of the Nazi army for a major offensive on the Kursk Bulge was discovered.
As a result, the decision of the Soviet command was to create a defense in depth (8 lines) in the most likely areas of the German offensive - on the northern and southern faces of the Kursk salient.
In a situation of similar choice, the German command decided to advance in order to keep the initiative in their hands. Nevertheless, even then, Hitler outlined the objectives of the offensive on the Kursk Bulge not to seize territory, but to wear down the Soviet troops and improve the balance of power. So, the advancing German army was preparing for a strategic defense, while the defenders Soviet troops were determined to attack.
Construction of defensive lines
Fact 4
Although the Soviet command correctly identified the main directions of German attacks, mistakes were inevitable with such a scale of planning.
Thus, the Headquarters believed that a stronger grouping would advance in the Orel region against the Central Front. In reality, the southern grouping, which acted against the Voronezh Front, turned out to be stronger.
In addition, the direction of the main German attack on the southern face of the Kursk salient was inaccurately determined.
Fact 5
Operation Citadel was the name of the plan of the German command to encircle and destroy the Soviet armies on the Kursk ledge. It was planned to deliver converging strikes from the north from the Orel region and from the south from the Belgorod region. The shock wedges were supposed to connect near Kursk. The maneuver with the turn of the Gotha tank corps towards Prokhorovka, where the steppe terrain favors the action of large tank formations, was planned in advance by the German command. It was here that the Germans, reinforced with new tanks, hoped to overwhelm the Soviet tank forces.
Soviet tankers inspecting the wrecked "Tiger"
Fact 6
Often the battle of Prokhorovka is called the largest tank battle in history, but this is not so. It is believed that the multi-day battle that took place already in the first week of the war (June 23–30), 1941, was larger in terms of the number of participating tanks. It happened in Western Ukraine between the cities of Brody, Lutsk and Dubno. While about 1,500 tanks from both sides converged near Prokhorovka, more than 3,200 tanks participated in the battle of 41.
Fact 7
In the Battle of Kursk, and in particular in the battle of Prokhorovka, the Germans especially counted on the strength of their new armored vehicles - the Tiger and Panther tanks, the Ferdinand self-propelled guns. But perhaps the most unusual novelty was the Goliath wedges. This caterpillar self-propelled mine without a crew was remotely controlled by wire. It was intended to destroy tanks, infantry and buildings. However, these tankettes were expensive, slow-moving and vulnerable, and therefore did not provide much help to the Germans.
Memorial in honor of the heroes of the Battle of Kursk
Read an excerpt from the memoirs and indicate what event of the Great Patriotic War we are talking about.
"Soviet military intelligence managed to timely reveal the preparation of the Nazi army for a major offensive and even set its date. The Soviet command was faced with a dilemma: to attack or defend? As a result, G.K. Zhukov sent a detailed report to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief with an assessment of the situation, in which he outlined his thoughts on the plan of action ... It, in particular, noted: "The transition of our troops to the offensive in the coming days in order to preempt the enemy is considered inappropriate. it will be if we exhaust the enemy on our defense, knock out his tanks, and then, introducing fresh reserves, by going over to the general offensive, we will finally finish off the main enemy grouping "..."
1) Moscow battle
2) liberation of Belarus
3) Battle of Kursk
4) Battle of Stalingrad
Explanation.
We are talking about the Battle of Kursk in 1943. Soviet intelligence knew about the place and time of the German summer offensive. But despite this, the Soviet command decided to defend itself. defensive stage the battle for the Red Army was short - from 5 to 12 July 1943. Then the Soviet troops went on the offensive and defeated the enemy on the Kursk Bulge.
Answer: 3
“Soviet military intelligence was able to timely reveal the preparation of the Nazi army for a major offensive and even set its date. The Soviet command was faced with a dilemma: to attack or defend? As a result, G.K. Zhukov sent a detailed report to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief with an assessment of the situation, in which he outlined his thoughts on the plan of action ... There, in particular, it was noted: it will be if we exhaust the enemy on our defense, knock out his tanks, and then, introducing fresh reserves, by going over to a general offensive, we will finally finish off the main enemy grouping "...".
1) Moscow battle
2) liberation of Belarus
3) Battle of Kursk
4) Battle of Stalingrad
Explanation.
We are talking about the Battle of Kursk in the summer of 1943. Soviet intelligence knew about the exact location of the offensive of the Nazi troops - in the area of the Kursk Bulge. Here the enemy concentrated a large amount of equipment. The defensive stage was short and lasted from July 5 to July 12, 1943. Then the Soviet troops launched a counteroffensive.
The correct answer is numbered: 3.
Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Explanation.
A) Battle of Kulikovo - 1380;
B) Battle of Kursk - 1943;
C) "Battle of the Nations" - 1813;
D) the battle on the Kalka - 1223
Answer: 6431.
Answer: 6431
Source: RESHU USE
DEVELOPMENTS | ||
1) Battle of Stalingrad 2) Battle of Kursk 3) Smolensk battle 4) Moscow battle 5) operation "Bagration" |
A | B | AT | G |
Explanation.
A) During the Battle of Kursk on July 12, the largest tank battle in history took place near the village of Prokhorovka.
B) In February 1943, the defeat ended german army Paulus in Stalingrad.
C) The first major defeat of the German army occurred in the Battle of Moscow.
D) During the battle of Smolensk, our troops managed to stop the Germans for the first time in the direction of the main attack.
Answer: 2143.
Answer: 2143
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. main wave. Far East. Option 1.
Match the description, characteristic features, features of the events of the Great Patriotic War of 1941−1945. and the names of events: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column.
DESCRIPTION, CHARACTERISTICS, FEATURES | DEVELOPMENTS | |
A) the largest tank battle in the history of the war, the transition of the strategic initiative to the Red Army B) the encirclement and liquidation of a large enemy grouping under the command of Field Marshal F. Paulus B) the first major defeat of the German army in World War II, as a result of the Soviet counteroffensive, the enemy was driven back by more than 100 km D) a delay in the offensive of the German troops for two months, the Germans for the first time were forced to temporarily go on the defensive | 1) Battle of Stalingrad 2) Battle of Kursk 3) Smolensk battle 4) Moscow battle 5) operation "Bagration" |
Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
A | B | AT | G |
Explanation.
A) The largest tank battle in history near Prokhorovka was during the Battle of Kursk.
B) The Paulus group was surrounded in the Battle of Stalingrad.
C) The first major defeat, in which the Germans had to retreat, occurred near Moscow.
D) Near Smolensk, the German offensive was delayed for two months.
Answer: 2143.
Answer: 2143
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. main wave. Far East. Option 4.
Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want.
A) ______________ completed a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
B) ______________ ended on February 2, 1943.
B) ______________ thwarted Hitler's plans for a blitzkrieg.
Missing items:
1) Belarusian operation
2) defense of Sevastopol
3) Iasi-Kishinev operation
4) Battle of Kursk
5) Battle of Stalingrad
6) Moscow battle
Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:
BUT | B | AT |
Explanation.
The Battle of Kursk in 1943 belongs to the period of the radical turning point of the Great Patriotic War. The battle for Moscow, the battle of Smolensk belong to the initial period of the war (1941-1942). The liberation of Warsaw took place at the final stage of the war in 1945.
The correct answer is numbered: 3
Explanation.
The final stage of the Great Patriotic War (1944-1945) includes the Vistula-Oder operation, which took place in January-February 1945. The Battle of Kursk, the Battle of the Dnieper belong to the stage of a radical turning point in the war (1942-1943). The Kharkov battle is connected with the initial stage of the war (1941-1942).
The correct answer is numbered: 3.
Answer: 3
·Answer: 3
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. main wave. Siberia. Option 4.
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. main wave. Siberia. Option 5.
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. main wave. Ural. Option 1.
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. main wave. Ural. Option 5.
1) liberation of Crimea
2) forcing the Dnieper
3) Battle of Kursk
4) Battle of Stalingrad
Explanation.
1) liberation of Crimea - spring 1944
2) forcing the Dnieper autumn-1943
The Battle of Kursk was planned by the Nazi invaders led by Hitler in response to the Battle of Stalingrad. where they suffered a crushing defeat. The Germans, as usual, wanted to attack suddenly, but a fascist sapper who was accidentally captured surrendered his own. He announced that on the night of July 5, 1943, the Nazis would begin Operation Citadel. The Soviet army decides to start the battle first.
The main idea of the "Citadel" was to launch a surprise attack on Russia using the most powerful equipment and self-propelled guns. Hitler did not doubt his success. But general staff the Soviet army developed a plan aimed at the liberation of Russian troops and the defense of the battle.
Own interesting name in the form of a battle on the Kursk Bulge, the battle received due to the external similarity of the front line with a huge arc.
To change the course of the Great Patriotic War and decide the fate of Russian cities such as Orel and Belgorod was entrusted to the armies "Center", "South" and the task force "Kempf". Detachments of the Central Front were put on the defense of Orel, and the Voronezh Front - on the defense of Belgorod.
Date of the Battle of Kursk: July 1943.
July 12, 1943 was marked by the greatest tank battle on the field near the Prokhorovka station. After the battle, the Nazis had to change the attack to defense. This day cost them huge human losses (about 10 thousand) and the defeat of 400 tanks. Further, in the Orel region, the battle was continued by the Bryansk, Central and Western front, switching to the operation "Kutuzov". In three days, from July 16 to July 18, the Nazi group was liquidated by the Central Front. Subsequently, they indulged in air pursuit and thus were driven back 150 km. west. Russian cities Belgorod, Orel and Kharkov breathed freely.
The results of the Battle of Kursk (briefly).
- a sharp turn in the course of events of the Great Patriotic War;
- after the Nazis failed to pull off their operation "Citadel", at the world level it looked like a complete defeat of the German campaign in front of the Soviet Army;
- the fascists were morally suppressed, all confidence in their superiority was gone.
Significance of the Battle of Kursk.
After the most powerful tank battle, Soviet army turned back the events of the war, took the initiative in their own hands and continued to advance to the West, while freeing Russian cities.
We took it apart last time. Today I would like to remind you of the existence of another type of tasks - this is the eighth task of the Unified State Examination (for supplementing information). It is dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War, that is, all the questions in this task will be related to the period 1941-1945. Let's see what this task is in demo version USE.
Exercise 1
A) ____ conference of the "Big Three" was held in 1943.
Missing items:
Yalta (Crimean)
N.F. Gastello
Prokhorovka station
Tehran
V. V. Talalikhii
Dubosekovo junction
Answer:
Three sentences, six missing items. The answer is drawn up as follows: under the letter you write the appropriate number, and then transfer the resulting combination of numbers to the answer form No. 1.
We read proposals.
A) The _____ conference of the Big Three was held in 1943.
You and I know that the "Big Three" - the leaders of the USSR, the USA and Great Britain - met three times: in Tehran, in Yalta and in Potsdam. What options do we have in missing elements? Yalta (Crimean) and Tehran conferences. 1943 is the Tehran Conference. The Yalta Conference was held in February 1945. But you can, if in doubt, think so: in general, in the Crimea at the end of 1943, was it possible to hold a meeting of heads of state? In order to hold a meeting in the Crimea, it is necessary that it be liberated, that the Nazi troops be pushed back very far from the territory. Otherwise, how to ensure security? That is, Yalta and 1943 are not combined.
B) One of the first rams in a night air battle made Soviet pilot ___, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.
What surnames do we have? N. F. Gastello and V. V. Talalikhin. We remember: Gastello is the commander of the crew who sent the wrecked burning plane into the convoy military equipment. These are summer battles on the territory of Belarus. Talalikhin is a pilot who made the first night ramming in the battles near Moscow. Choose this surname - 5.
C) During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle took place at ___.
There are answers: Prokhorovka station and Dubosekovo junction. We remember. This is, in general, a very famous battle. About 1200 tanks from both sides participated in the battle of Prokhorovka. Well, the Dubosekovo junction, if you remember, is connected with the Battle of Moscow, where the Panfilov heroes, one might say, blocked the way for the Nazis with their lives. The famous words of political instructor Klochkov: “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat: Moscow is behind.” So we choose item 3.
As a result, we got the following combination of numbers: 453. We transfer this combination of numbers to the answer sheet number one.
Task 2
Let's practice one more task.
Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, select the number of the element you want.
Missing items:
-
Nuremberg
Operation "Bagration"
Battle of Kursk
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
Let's solve this problem.
A) Completed a radical fracture ___.
It is clear that this is some kind of battle. What battles do we have on the list? Battle of Kursk and
operation "Bagration". The radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War is associated with the Battle of Stalingrad and the victory at Stalingrad, when Paulus's army was surrounded and destroyed, and the Battle of Kursk. The Battle of Kursk completed a radical turning point. We choose her. Operation "Bagration" to liberate Belarus is already an event that took place after a radical change, in the summer of 1944, one of the famous ten "Stalin's strikes".
B) The International Tribunal for fascist criminals met in the city of ___.
We have cities: Berlin, Nuremberg, Potsdam, Prague. But obviously not in Prague. A conference of the victorious powers was held in Potsdam. The international tribunal could have been held there, but it took place in a different place. It took place not in Berlin, but in the town of Nuremberg, which was considered the place where the fascist movement in Germany was born. The Nuremberg Tribunal can be remembered simply as the name "Nuremberg Tribunal".
But here it is clear that we are not talking about Potsdam. We know this is not Potsdam. Therefore, we have a real choice between Berlin and Prague. But the Berlin garrison capitulated on May 2, but after the signing of the general surrender, one of the groups of German troops continued to resist in Prague. And two Soviet tank armies were transferred to the territory of Czechoslovakia. Prague was liberated.
We get a combination of numbers: 136.
And another one of the same type.
Task 3
Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, select the number of the element you want.
BUT) ___ -sergeant of the Red Army, who became famous during the defense of the house during the battles for Stalingrad (later the house was named after his last name).
Missing items:
-
F. D. Roosevelt
K. Rokossovsky
Ya. Pavlov
G. Truman
V. Zaitsev
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
Write down the resulting combination of numbers as an answer without spaces or any punctuation marks.
Let's decide.
BUT) ___- Sergeant of the Red Army, who became famous in the defense of the house during the battles for Stalingrad (later the house was named after his last name).
Remember: Pavlov's house. It was not restored after the war. This is such a kind of monument to those fierce battles that took place in Stalingrad.
V. Zaitsev is a famous sniper, who also became famous during the Battle of Stalingrad. But famous for others - as a sniper.
B) The Potsdam Agreement of 1945 was signed by President ___ on behalf of the United States.
There are two American presidents on the list: Roosevelt and Truman. Roosevelt led the country from 1932 and during the war, but he died by the time of the Potsdam Conference, and the new US president, who was Roosevelt's vice president, Harry Truman, came to it. So let's take his last name.
C) The Victory Parade on Red Square was hosted by Marshal ___.
Rokossovsky commanded the parade, received Zhukov.
As a result, it turned out: 562. We enter this combination of numbers into the answer sheet.
Good luck on your exam!