411 separate detachment chief of communications. The first large-scale competitions in the history of the National Guard took place in the Smolensk region
Fighters special purpose
The most responsible tasks were active actions to search for and destroy caravans that proved their effectiveness. Corresponding goals were set for many units and subunits, including aviation, but the main role was assigned to the GRU special forces (special forces units in the GRU system of the General Staff were created for targeted sabotage tasks - detecting and destroying rocket launchers, headquarters and other key facilities behind enemy lines; by order of the Minister of Defense of March 1950, it was planned to deploy 46 companies of Special Forces in military districts). The training, methods and tactics of their actions almost completely corresponded to the tasks set, however, until 1984, special forces units in the 40th Army were used to a limited extent, and often not for their intended purpose. After the introduction of troops, the forces of the Special Forces of the GRU in Afghanistan were limited to one 469th separate reconnaissance company in Kabul, which was involved from time to time for separate tasks - reconnaissance, additional reconnaissance in order to verify information, capture prisoners and destroy opposition leaders and commanders. Later, two more detachments of the Special Forces were introduced (a detachment of the Special Forces of the GRU, numbering about 500 people, corresponded to an army battalion). When entering Afghanistan, for reasons of secrecy, they were called “separate motorized rifle battalions” with serial numbers - 1st, 2nd, etc. So, the 154th OOSPN became the 1st battalion, the 177th OOSPN became the 2nd battalion. These names were used in internal documentation and everyday life. The 154th Special Forces from Chirchik and the 177th Special Forces from Kapchagay, Alma-Ata Region, were transferred to the ARA in October 1981.
Special forces platoon of Lieutenant Sergei Melnichuk of the 1st company of the Jalalabad 154th Special Forces, summer 1987. Uniformity in clothing was observed in the unit - all fighters were dressed in camouflage KZS, which, for convenience, were often divided into separate jackets and trousers, cut in the belt.
The Chirchik detachment received its own name - the 154th - just before the entry, on October 21, 1981, and was stationed in the city of Akcha, Jowzjan province in the north of the DRA. His first commander in the 40A was Major I.Yu. Stoderevsky. Since August 1982, the detachment was transferred to Aibak in the neighboring province of Samangan.
177 sospn lieutenant colonel B.T. Kerimbaev was formed in February 1980 from scouts from the Chuchkovskaya 16th brigade of the Special Forces (MVO) and the Kapchagay 22nd brigade (SAVO), but the unit received the battle banner only in September 1981 before leaving for the DRA. The detachment crossed the border together with the 154th Special Forces on October 21, and a week later received the first combat mission.
The special forces had their own armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles), off-road trucks, mortars and anti-aircraft guns (the high rate of fire of automatic ZU-23 and Shilok significantly increased the fire capabilities of the unit, and high elevation angles made it possible to fire at steep slopes).
The activity of the Special Forces was initially reduced to the protection of industrial facilities, few and therefore of particular importance - the gas fields in Shibargan and the pipeline in Puli-Khumri in the north of the country. They were staffed by officers of motorized rifle units and practically lost their former capabilities.
The states and structure of the detachments also resembled ordinary army ones: each OOSPN included six companies (three - Special Forces, one engineer-flamethrower, grenade-launcher-mortar and repair and material support and transport) and two groups - communications and anti-aircraft. They were armed with heavy equipment, including Shilki, and a variety of armor. So, the 1st and 2nd companies were equipped with BMP-1, the 3rd - BMD-1, BRDM and BTR-60PB. During the offensive during the Panjshir operation, the forces of the 177th Special Forces were involved. At the end of the operation, his scouts were stationed at the outposts near Rukha, compensating for the weakness of the imposed "people's power" and covering their units. The just "defeated" enemy did not even think of giving up - on July 18, the post of the 31st reconnaissance group of Lieutenant I.A. Egiazarov (15 people, 2 AGS-17, 1 DShK and 1 Tradnos mortar) near the village of Marishtan had to repel the attack of a large group of dushmans, who, under the cover of heavy machine guns, managed to break into the height, but were mowed down by fire already at the outpost.
Special forces of the Kandahar detachment before flying on a mission. As part of the group - a grenade launcher squad with "Flame". AGS-17 is disassembled for carrying, the weapon itself is packed in a bag. In addition to the drum, they take a spare tape with shots with them.
The return of the reconnaissance group from the ambush. Every second is armed with a PK or PKM. The machine gun was the most suitable weapon for ambush operations, where a high density and range of fire was required, capable of stopping a caravan, knocking out cars and suppressing the resistance of guards, and success often depended on the strength of sudden preemptive fire. Kandahar, summer 1987.
By the end of the winter of 1984, they decided to use the special forces for their intended purpose. The 177th Special Forces was transferred to Ghazni, which lay on the main highway encircling the whole of Afghanistan, the 154th was placed in Jalalabad in the Pakistani direction. On February 10, a third detachment was introduced into the DRA, the 173rd Special Forces from Kirovograd, formed by order of the USSR Minister of Defense on February 29, 1980, on the basis of the 12th Special Forces Brigade (then it was stationed in Lagadehi ZakVO). However, uncertainty about the role of special forces in Afghanistan has led to a delay in deployment. The detachment crossed the border on February 10, and by February 14, on its own, arrived at Kandahar, where it was deployed in a military camp near the airfield. These places were the hottest: the city, lying near the border, was at the crossroads of ancient caravan routes and served as a key in the control of the south-west of the country.
By the fall, another detachment appeared in the Army - the 668th Special Operations Forces ("4th Battalion") from the 9th Kirovograd Brigade from Ukraine, freshly formed by order of August 21, 1984, was formed. He was placed in the village of Kalagulay near the Bagram air base, and in March 1985 he was transferred to the village of Sufla not far from the "hot spot" - the Dushman stronghold of Baraki, because of which he became known as the "Barakin battalion".
To ensure mobility and fire support, each of the Special Forces detachments was assigned 4 Mi-8 transport helicopters and 4 Mi-24 combat helicopters from the Jalalabad 335th Separate Combat Helicopter Regiment based near the locations of the special forces, the Kandahar 280th Separate Helicopter Regiment (OVP) and the 262nd Separate Helicopter Squadron (OVE) from Bagram. Helicopters of the Kabul 50th separate mixed air regiment were also involved in working with special forces.
The Kandahar Special Forces are sent on a flight with Afghan gunners stocked with everything they need for several days - water canisters, clothing, sun covers and soldier blankets. One of the scouts, in a KZS suit and kimry sneakers, has an assault rifle equipped with a RPK-74 horn with a capacity of 45 rounds.
The scouts lead the Afghan gunners to the helicopter. In order not to betray assistants, they were brought to the very departure, hiding from prying eyes and wrapping their faces in turbans. In the same unrecognized form, they left the airfield after the mission.
With the advent of new tasks, the states, structure and armament of the detachments were changed: the detachments were "unloaded", getting rid of heavy weapons, and eliminating inconsistency in technology. Now the OOSPN included five companies (three Special Forces and one each for mining and RMO), as well as communication groups and ZSU. In addition, four groups of ATS-17 and RPO-A "Bumblebee" were introduced into the Special Forces companies from among the former flamethrower and grenade launcher platoons of the corresponding detachment companies. The 1st company was armed with BMP-2, the 2nd and 3rd - BTR-60 and BTR-70.
Prior to the introduction of a mining company into the state, each of the detachments had an attached platoon (group) of special mining from the 45th Engineer Regiment. If necessary, artillery units were allocated to support the actions of the Special Forces near the garrisons and bases.
The most combat-ready in the entire 40A, special forces units received the latest equipment and weapons, including special ones - communications, surveillance and signaling, silent shooting and explosive equipment. They were equipped and supplied better than others, although adjusted for the well-known sluggishness of the rear services. Until the very end of the war, the army did not receive modern mountain equipment and appropriate uniforms; camouflage and heavy body armor left much to be desired. A few experimental samples of overalls, overalls, capes and equipment remained isolated. There were especially many complaints about medical supplies, unsuitable shoes and low-calorie food rations, which forced them to improve the supply at the expense of trophies, to buy and make on their own the most necessary items of equipment - backpacks, vests, pouches and knapsacks.
Mi-8MT go on a mission. After the first losses, all sorties - from communications and transport to shock and search and rescue - were carried out only in pairs and links. Such an order made it possible to provide quick assistance to the crew, shot down or forced to land in inhospitable places. The pilots and landing troops were picked up by the partner himself or helped them wait for help, covering them with fire from the air.
Mi-8MT of the Kandahar helicopter detachment of the 205th OVE, attached to the 173rd special forces unit. During the formation of "special forces" squadrons, they were equipped only with the newest helicopters of the latest series. To ensure fire support capabilities, it was prescribed for all Mi-8s operating with airborne reconnaissance groups in the Veil system, in addition to onboard machine guns, to hang two 32-round UB-32-57 rocket units each.
Battalion Commander Major I.V. Solonik characterized the equipment as follows: “Basically, all the soldiers and officers altered the equipment and uniforms, since it hampered movement and was uncomfortable. No one went to ambushes in army shoes. In the mountains, she was uncomfortable and heavy, and in her footsteps the enemy could easily determine the place of the ambush. In the 177th OOSPN, personnel were "dumped" with money in order to order 200-300 sets of necessary ammunition with vacationers at home in a sewing cooperative. In the defeated caravans, boots, the same "bras", camouflage, sleeping bags and, especially, high-quality medicines, painkillers, blood substitutes, disposable syringes, tourniquets and tires were in great demand.
Reconnaissance and search operations were carried out in small mobile groups, usually a squad of 7-10 people. The group moved on several armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles and "Urals" along the known caravan routes. Acting autonomously for 5-6 days and counting in the event of a collision, mainly only on their own forces, on armor and trucks, they took heavy machine guns and ATS-17. Special Forces groups were sent to check intelligence, to capture weapons and prisoners, to detect parking lots, caravans, warehouses and gangs, installed reconnaissance and signal equipment and mined trails, including special means - radio control kits for the PD-530 explosion, non-contact explosive devices "Hunting " and others. Conducting a search in the area east of Surub in November 1986, a group of Major G. Bykov from the 154th Special Forces in one three-day raid exterminated 15 dushmans and identified three warehouses, taking trophies.
Well-armed and trained special forces were also involved in combined arms operations, where they were used not only for special events, but also as ordinary units that took fortresses and villages and cleared the area. However, they also played a special role.
Mi-8MT is going to land a reconnaissance group over the Registan desert. Clinging to the ground for stealth, the car goes over the very dunes, almost touching its own shadow with the wheels. Low level flight at a speed of 150-180 km / h, prohibited by all instructions, required jewelry aerobatics, an eye and a reaction.
After several false landings that distracted possible enemy observers, the Mi-8MT hovered to parachute the group. The landing site was usually chosen near the foot of the mountains, where the landing party was hiding from a likely chase.
The landing of a special forces group near the Pakistani border in preparation for the Khosta operation. Alizai-Parachinar area, summer 1986.
The inspection team returns to the helicopter after checking the camp of nomads. For inspection, even close, they took a walkie-talkie with them - to report on the progress of the control and, if necessary, call for help or demand evacuation. Sand is spreading towards the scouts, thrown up by the propeller of the helicopter engines that continue to work. They were not jammed, so as not to waste extra minutes on launching when leaving or “jumping” to help.
Kandahar special forces after a successful exit. In the desert, a caravan with raw materials for drugs was packed, in which they took 1,700 kg of “goods” and prisoners. The exit was without loss on its part. June 1987
Having stopped the caravan with fire, the special forces blocked it in a lowland near the border and called in combat Mi-24s. Cars with ammunition were destroyed on the spot by an air strike. Kandahar Province, February 12, 1988.
BTR-80 armored groups of the 173rd Special Forces are preparing to leave. Winter 1988.
The special forces took prisoners. Many Afghans were undocumented, and the nomads were often unaware of them. Having delivered them to the base, they were handed over to the local state security, which decided the fate of suspicious persons. The two fearsome men have their hands tied.
Prisoners brought from a helicopter search. It was common for militants handed over to the Afghan authorities to be paid off or released “due to lack of evidence” and soon found themselves back in caravans and gangs. In this case, prisoners taken to the airfield or to the garrison of their unit were blindfolded so that they could not properly examine and remember the situation and forces.
A captive "spirit" taken with a weapon in hand. A bandolier hangs around his neck, a paratrooper-escort carries a selected rifle.
The famous "drill" is an English magazine rifle of the Lee-Enfield system, various models of which came to Afghanistan in large numbers back in the 20-30s, becoming known under the name that has been attached to the weapon since the time of the Anglo-Boer War. With a caliber of 7.62 mm, a powerful cartridge and good ballistics made it a dangerous weapon with sniper characteristics. The aiming range of the "drill" reached 2500 m, and even a bulletproof vest did not save from a bullet.
Caravan search. The clothes of the Afghans had no pockets, everything they needed was carried in bags, and money and documents were usually hidden in a turban. An Afghan man sits on sacks of smuggled hash found in a shipment.
The landing of the reconnaissance group on the "Kalatka" - the road from Shahjay to Kalat. On a crowded road, cars with smuggled goods were often encountered, and many drivers who changed the craft of a caravan driver to a driver's profession earned money by delivering cargo to local gangs. Zabal Province, end of 1987.
Inspection of cars on the road near the Pakistani border. According to local custom, men rode on the roof, and inside were cattle and women. Forbidden property, in addition to smuggling, weapons and ammunition, included uniforms, equipment and medicines necessary in military affairs.
The semi-truck "Toyota Simurg" was often found in caravans. A reliable, roomy and unpretentious car was a coveted trophy and was a success in the Soviet units, where it received the nickname "Simurka". This car even managed to get the numbers of the military traffic police of the 40th Army.
Dushmansky shooter - a strong fellow under two meters tall, taken prisoner during the inspection. The militant was given a bruise on his right shoulder - a trace of a butt when a powerful "drill" or machine gun was returned.
A Toyota pickup truck intercepted from the air in the middle of the desert. The Afghans, who were going about their business without any road, noticed the helicopter of the 205th ove, poured out of the car and ran to the side, showing the absence of weapons and hostile intentions, and at the same time trying to get away from the car in case of shooting.
RESULTS OF COMBAT ACTIVITIES OF THE 186th OOSPN
So, during the capture of the Vasatichignai fortified area in the province of Kandahar in March 1986, a special forces group of Art. Lieutenant Kravchenko was mistakenly landed directly on the anti-aircraft positions of the dushmans. Both of her helicopters were shot at point-blank range, but 12 paratroopers managed to gain a foothold and knocked out the enemy from a height, and then captured the neighboring one, ensuring the success of the operation. On March 20, 1986, during the assault on the base in the Khadegar Gorge near Kandahar, large forces were involved - two battalions of the 70th Motorized Rifle Brigade, a howitzer division, two helicopter and two assault squadrons. The gorge was blocked from the surrounding mountains by four groups of the 173rd Special Forces, 16 people each (each had an ATS-17 and two PCs). They intercepted the retreating enemy, shot him with fire from ambushes and directed aircraft. The whole operation took 4 hours, its result was 20 killed dushmans and trophies without losses on their part.
For the most part, nevertheless, the detachments had to deal with "piece" tasks - hunting for caravans, for which the special forces worked out their own methodology. According to the headquarters of the 40th Army, the special forces soldiers were "real professionals who had excellent physical and military training." It is curious that the special forces were more often selected by no means tall and massive soldiers. According to the Chirchik battalion commander Colonel Yu.M. Starov, "pitching" is better suited for sports companies. We need to carry a mountain of all sorts of junk, weapons and supplies, and helicopters and armored personnel carriers are not made of rubber. We don't need Gullivers, we need compact guys.
According to the experience of the Kandahar detachment, typical equipment for 3-4 days independent work was determined as follows: 2-3 sets of ammunition for personal weapons, 4 hand grenades (2 RGD-5 and 2 F-1), one RPG-18 grenade for two, two 200-g TNT bombs, 5 smoke bombs and 5 signal jet cartridges , 4 mines for an 82-mm mortar (if you took it with you) or a drum with a tape for ATS-17, a supply of food for 3–5 days, 2–3 flasks of water or tea, a cape and a blanket. The equipment varied according to the time of year and conditions - in winter and in the mountains, warm clothes, pea coats and sleeping bags were added. Massive ATS-17, mortars and machine guns were disassembled into "lifting" parts of 15-20 kg. Sometimes part of the food was donated in favor of ammunition - as the same Starov taught, "if you have enough cartridges with you, you will always get food." The general equipment of a fighter weighed, at best, and the "summer" version, 35-40 kg, and the most necessary. The group preparing for the exit consisted of 10 to 25 people, and, in addition to the obligatory sniper, grenade launcher and signalman, could include grenade launchers from the ATS-17, artillery spotter and aircraft gunner, miners and flamethrowers from chemical troops units armed with RPO-A with volume explosion ammunition .
Inspection of the cargo "Mercedes". The driver and the owners of the cargo are waiting at gunpoint for the results of the check. Bags and bales were pierced with a probe and controlled by mine detectors, looking for weapons and ammunition - main goal inspection. Paktika province, winter 1988.
There were no searches at night - the caravan stalking in the dark was obviously not carrying raisins and nuts. The fate of those who came out to the ambush was decided unequivocally: by fire to kill. In the photo - "Simurg", seen at night on the road and blown up by a controlled mine. The driver and attendant died in the cockpit, and in the morning the car was finished off by helicopters. Registan, January 18, 1988.
The group was divided into capture, fire and cover units, the actions of which were coordinated and worked out in advance, clarifying the balance of forces and mutual support on the spot. The basis was the troika, the seniority in which was not always assigned by rank, but by experience and subordination to a knowledgeable sergeant, a young officer could well get.
Getting to the ambush site where the caravan or gang was expected remained the most difficult part of the plan. Not only success, but also the fate of the group depended on his secrecy. In places where the appearance of any stranger became noticeable, nomads, shepherds and locals, the situation was monitored by dushman posts, immediately reporting the danger by radio, signal fires and mirror "bunnies".
Inspection of a caravan in the desert. Cameleers at gunpoint drive the camels together and lay them on the ground to check the packs. Covering helicopters continue to circle nearby, ready to stop the caravaners' attempts to scatter or support the scouts with fire if they resist. In this caravan, 15 prisoners were taken, suspected of being sent from an overseas training camp to one of the local gangs. Kandahar Province, February 12, 1988.
On the site of a pack caravan destroyed in the desert. The ambush was organized on April 3, 1988 by the "Kid" group - Lieutenant Igor Vesnin from the 173rd Special Forces. By the spring of this year, his combat work was evaluated by the Orders of the Red Star and the Red Banner.
Fighters of the 370th near the burned-out Toyotas of the Dushman caravan. In the bodies - ammunition and motorcycles "Yamaha", at the door - the body of the burnt driver. Helmand Province, 1987
After a night ambush near Shahjoy. A surviving pickup truck with cargo and caravaners who did not have time to scatter, mowed down in a fleeting battle.
The machine gunner tries on shooting, getting used to the SPS - a small arms and machine gun structure. SPS were built from stones collected nearby and provided protection from fire from small arms. Due to the speed of preparation and the abundance of building materials around, the location of the reconnaissance group or the ambush site, several SPS were equipped, which made it possible to transfer fire in different directions. In the cells ahead of time, grenades and a supply of cartridges could fit.
A large caravan whose camels carried weapons and ammunition. About a hundred Chinese rockets were found in packs of slaughtered animals.
The cargo taken with battle, which had nothing to take out, was doused with diesel fuel and burned on the spot.
In the morning at the battlefield - a dead caravane near the scattered bags of drugs. They tried not to let any of the drivers and those accompanying the cargo leave - if shooting in the mountains was a common thing and almost did not attract attention, then the departed could call for help and bring trouble.
Mi-8MT 335 obvp removes an ambush of Jalalabash special forces. Most of the scouts have the characteristic flat RD-54 packs, some are ordinary backpacks with additional pockets sewn on. Soldiers at the helicopter carry anti-vehicle mines PTM-62. An impressive hole is visible on the overalls of the trailer - a trace of a raid on stony mountains. Nangarhar, summer 1986.
Special Forces soldiers at the headquarters of the 22nd Special Forces Brigade in Lashkargah before being sent home. All the property of the soldiers and sergeants who had served their lives fit into the "demobilization" diplomat, but on the chest almost everyone had not only the obligatory badges "From the grateful Afghan people", but also the military orders of the Red Star.
Andrei Goryachev, sergeant of the Kandahar detachment of the 173rd OOSP, before leaving for an ambush in the fall of 1987. Afghan clothing and a turban allowed the fighters of the group to pass for one of the local gangs and use the advantage won. In the outfit - sneakers, a belt with pockets for shots for the GP-25 underbarrel and a tactical vest, in the pockets of which, in addition to automatic "horns", grenades and signal cartridges. Sergeant Goryachev died on October 24, 1987 from multiple wounds in a battle in the village of Kobai.
The most valuable trophies are rockets and MANPADS "Stinger", for the capture of which a presentation to the order was promised ahead of time.
RESULTS OF COMBAT ACTIVITIES OF THE 334th OOSPN
Trophies taken after the destruction of the Dushman warehouse: cartridges and weapons of various systems, including hunting rifles, several “drills” of different models and years of manufacture, an SKS self-loading carbine and RPG, boxes with fuses, grenades, explosive packages, coils of incendiary and demolition cord, cartridge boxes for machine guns and mines in ribbed plastic cases that are not detected by mine detectors.
In order to "outplay" the enemy, deceptive maneuvers and landing methods were invented. At first, it was carried out by advancing in armored vehicles and trucks, sometimes accompanying the exit with the direction of false armored groups in other directions. Having reached the desired area, the group dismounted and, true to the rule of "the scout's legs are fed," with a forced march at the fastest possible pace, went to the side. The transition to the ambush site, which confused the tracks, took 10–20 km (and sometimes much more). They tried to complete it before sunrise, having managed to disguise themselves. The equipment continued to move on, distracting enemy observers with noise, but continuing to remain in a close area in order to support the fighters if necessary. Nevertheless, the waiting zone had to be assigned no closer than 30-50 km, so as not to frighten away the caravan. In the ambush, they knew that, if something happened, help would not arrive soon, and they remained only with light weapons, counting on preparation, surprise and luck.
Having taken a position (“sitting on the path”), the special forces tried not to betray the ambush place in any way, avoiding movement and not making fire - at best, the enemy who discovered something was amiss blocked the route, waiting or changing the path of the caravan. At worst, having noticed the group, the dushmans pulled up forces and tried to destroy it, having superiority both in numbers and in weapons. The danger of oncoming dushman ambushes could await the group even at the exit. On hostile territory, even with good organization and camouflage, the group, as a rule, remained unnoticed for no more than 2–3 days, and, in the absence of results, they tried to remove ambushes without waiting for enemy responses.
The group of the Kabul 469th company of the Special Forces takes up positions near the stone ridge above the gorge at the mouth of the Panjshir. Blocking the caravan route in the area flooded with dushmans required the concentration of firepower. The group included flamethrowers with reactive RPO-A Shmel, whose volume explosion ammunition provided the detachment with firepower that was not inferior to heavy artillery shells. Anava area, September 1986
RESULTS OF COMBAT ACTIVITIES 1985–1988 370th OOSPN
Such an organization, reminiscent in miniature of combined arms operations with the release of columns and escort of equipment and military operations on the spot, quickly showed its shortcomings. The effectiveness of the actions of the special forces depended, first of all, on secrecy and surprise, and the cumbersome and time-stretched landing of groups did not contribute to this. To a large extent, this was due to the low effectiveness of ambushes in the first year of combat work of the Special Forces: during the winter of 1984/85, the OKSV forces conducted 1,460 ambushes, but the percentage of their success remained at the same low level.
More successful were operations involving helicopters that landed groups and remained ready to support them with air fire, and, if necessary, quickly evacuate. A milestone change took place in March 1985, when the special forces were reorganized and significantly strengthened. While maintaining the 469th Kabul company of the Special Forces, the number of detachments was increased to eight, transferring an additional three from the Union and forming one more on the spot. In addition to the already existing Special Forces units in Kandahar, Jalalabad and Ghazni, the 334th OOSPN (“5th Battalion”), the 370th OOSPN (“6th Battalion”), the 186th OOSPN (“7th Battalion”) arrived battalion") and the 411th OOSPN ("8th battalion").
The 334th smallpox was formed in the winter of 1985 on the basis of the 5th brigade from Maryina Gorka (BelVO) and replenished with personnel from the 2nd, 14th, 9th and 22nd detachment. After being transferred to Chirchik, he went under his own power to the place of deployment, arriving in Asadabad on March 29. Major V.Ya. became the first commander of the detachment. Terentiev. The point of permanent deployment of the 334th smallpox, already operating in the most difficult border area, was so close to the Pakistani border that there were militant bases almost next to the Kunar River, from where the garrison was shelled every now and then. The valley of Kunar, which abounded with dushmans, soon confirmed its notoriety - a group of the unfired first company of the 334th smallpox, having gone out to comb the Maravar Gorge, on April 21 came under fire from ambushes, was cut off from its own and almost completely died, The company commander captain N. N. Tsebruk, group commander Lieutenant N.A. Kuznetsov blew himself up with a grenade, and seven more encircled fighters did the same. The dead had to be carried out with a fight, and in three days the detachment lost 29 people.
Soon after that, the commander was replaced - Major G.V. became him for two years. Bykov, who became famous as "Grigory Kunarsky".
The 370th OOSPN, formed on January 1, 1985 in Chuchkovo (MVO), under the command of Major I.M. Crota arrived at the base in Lashkargah (Helmand province) on March 21. On April 14, the 186th Special Forces, which arrived from Izyaslav (PrikVo), was deployed in Shakhdzhoy nearby. It was formed on the basis of the 8th brigade on the basis of the directive of the General Staff of January 6, 1985 in the same state No. 21/422. Formation " southern belt"By the fall, completed the 411th Special Forces in Farah, organized on the basis of the 70th Special Forces and the 5th Guards. msd. The task of these detachments was to block the routes through the deserts of Khash and Registan, where there were practically no outposts and garrisons.
Organizationally, the detachments of the Special Forces were consolidated into two brigades - the 15th and 22nd detachments with headquarters in Jalalabad and Lashkargah (better known as Lashkarevka). Directive of the General Staff No. 314/2/0208 in April introduced the management and support units of the brigades. The 15th brigade included the 154th, 177th, 688th and 334th special forces, the 22nd brigade - the 173rd, 370th, 186th and 411th special forces (the latter was fully staffed by the winter of 1985).
Special Forces were attracted to work as "fire brigades" - conducting special events and operations in other areas. An-26 delivered the reconnaissance group of the 173rd Special Forces with equipment and weapons back to Kandahar after the operation.
The group commander leads to the helicopter gunner Afghan. In order to remain unrecognized and to keep secret cooperation with the Shuravi, the Afghans hid their faces under a turban, opening it only in the cockpit of a helicopter.
At the Army headquarters, the general management of the special forces was carried out by the Ekran task force, which supplied the brigades with intelligence and coordinated their actions. Each of the battalions consisted of about 500 people, and the entire spetsnaz force consisted of more than 4,000 fighters. Their level and correlation with combined arms units is evidenced by the fact that, according to the estimates of the Army command, up to 80 thousand people were required to perform the same tasks of closing the border with conventional forces. The belt along the Pakistani border and in the south was to control a zone of almost 1200 km.
The available data on the 186th detachment allow us to evaluate its combat work: by the end of 1985, in a little more than 200 days, its fighters completed 202 combat exits and 45 inspection sorties. The actions of reconnaissance groups (200 exits) in ambushes were predominant, and only twice were the forces of the entire detachment involved in raids on Dushman bases. There were 36 successful ambushes (18%), in which 370 spooks, 34 vehicles and a lot of ammunition were destroyed, taking 15 prisoners and 98 weapons. Losses amounted to 12 killed, including two officers.
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author Yarkho Valery From the book Flagship attack aviation the author Donchenko SemyonThe fighters recall the past days... Time... It has long since leveled the trenches and trenches, the smell of explosives has disappeared, the earth, washed with rain and dew, is breathing freely. She is silent under the wing of a clear blue sky. But one has only to see a chipped fragment on it, a green cartridge case - and the heart
author Owner Nikolay Ivanovich From the book Philatelic Geography. Soviet Union. author Owner Nikolay Ivanovich author Alekhin Roman Viktorovich From book Airborne Troops. History of the Russian landing author Alekhin Roman Viktorovich From the book Russian Post author Owner Nikolay IvanovichStamps for special purposes Issued by authorized Narkomfin IO.-V. region RSFSR. On the initiative of Yu.-V. On April 19, 1922, special tax stamps were issued in Rostov-on-Don
From the book Russian Post author Owner Nikolay IvanovichSpecial Purpose Stamps These stamps are not known to a wide range of philatelists, but at one time their collection was widely developed. It's about about stamps of the control collection for foreign philatelic exchange, issued in 1922-33. On stamps of the RSFSR (No. 1,
From the book From the Varangians to India author Yarkho ValerySpecial purpose caravan In the second half XVIII century none of the higher dignitaries Russian Empire did not build grandiose plans to persuade the rulers of Khiva and Bukhara to citizenship, in order, using their humility, to beat those subject only to the Russians
Places and times of deployment of special forces (1981–1989)
Office 15th separate brigade special forces (1st separate motorized rifle brigade- "Jalalabad")
Location: Jalalabad, Nangarhar province.
Time spent in Afghanistan: March 1985 - May 1988.
Directorate of the 22nd Separate Special Forces Brigade (2nd Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade - "Kandahar")
154th separate detachment special forces ("Jalalabad") (1st separate motorized rifle battalion)
In pursuance of the Directive of the General Staff No. 314/2/0061 of April 26, 1979, the commander of Turkvo No. 21/00755 of May 4, 1979 included a separate special forces detachment of 538 people in the staff of the 15th arr. Directive of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. 4 / 372-NSh of October 21, 1981 - 154th ooSpN. An annual holiday is defined - April 26 by the Directive of the General Staff No. 314/2/0061.
Time spent in Afghanistan: November 1979 - May 1988.
Places of deployment: Bagram-Kabul, Akcha-Aibak, Jalalabad, Nangarhar province.
Commanders:
Major Kholbaev Kh. T.;
major Kostenko;
major Stoderevsky I.Yu. (10.1981–10.1983);
major Oleksenko V.I. (10.1983–02.1984);
major Portnyagin V.P. (02.1984–10.1984);
captain, major Dementiev A.M. (10.1984–08.1984);
Captain Abzalimov R.K. (08.1985–10.1986);
major, lieutenant colonel Giluch V.P. (10.1986–11.1987);
major Vorobyov V.F. (11.1987–05.1988).
Squad structure:
squad headquarters;
1st special-purpose company on BMP-1 (6 groups);
2nd special-purpose company on the BTR-60pb (6 groups);
3rd special-purpose company on the BTR-60pb (6 groups);
The 4th company of heavy weapons consisted of an AGS-17 platoon, a platoon of RPO "Lynx" and a sapper platoon;
communications platoon;
ZSU "Shilka" platoon (4 "Shilka");
automobile platoon;
supply platoon.
177th Separate Special Forces Detachment ("Ghazni") (2nd Separate Motorized Rifle Battalion)
Formed in February 1980 from the SAVO and MVO troops in the city of Kapchagai.
Location: Ghazni, since May 1988 - Kabul.
Time spent in Afghanistan: September 1981 - February 1989.
Commanders:
captain, major Kerimbaev B.T. (10.1981–10.1983);
lieutenant colonel Kvachkov V.V. (10.1983–02.1984);
lieutenant colonel Gryaznov V.A. (02.1984–05.1984);
captain Kastykpaev B.M. (05.1984–11.1984);
major Yudaev V.V. (11.1984–07.1985);
Major Popovich A.M. (07.1985–10.1986);
major, lieutenant colonel Blazhko A.A. (10.1986–02.1989).
173rd separate detachment of special forces (3rd separate motorized rifle battalion - "Kandahar")
Location: Kandahar.
Time spent in Afghanistan: February 1984 - August 1986.
Commanders:
Major Rudykh G.L. (02.1984–08.1984);
Captain Syulgin A.V. (08.1984–11.1984);
captain, major Mursalov T.Ya. (11.1984–03.1986);
captain, major Bokhan S.K. (03.1986–06.1987);
major, lieutenant colonel Goratenkov V.A. (06.1987–06.1988);
Captain Breslavsky S.V. (06.1988–08.1988).
Detachment structure in March 1980:
squad management;
a separate communication group;
anti-aircraft artillery group (four "Shilka");
1st reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K);
2nd reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K);
3rd reconnaissance and landing company on BMD-1 (10 BMD-1);
4th company AGS-17 (three fire platoons of three squads - 18 AGS-17, 10 BTR-70);
5th company of special weapons (flamethrower group RPO "Lynx", mining group on the BTR-70);
6th company - transport.
Each of the combat (1-3rd) companies, in addition to the commander, political officer, deputy technical officer, senior mechanic, BRM gunner, foreman and clerk, included three special forces groups.
The group consisted of three squads, each of which consisted of a squad leader, a senior reconnaissance officer, a driver, a gunner-operator, a sniper, a reconnaissance medic and two machine gunners.
668th separate detachment of special forces (4th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Barakin")
The detachment was formed on August 21, 1984 in Kirovograd on the basis of the 9th arr. On September 15, 1984, he was transferred to the subordination of Turkvo and introduced into Afghanistan in n. p. Calagulai. In March 1985, he became part of the 15th arr. of the Special Forces in the village of Soufla. The battle flag was awarded on March 28, 1987. Bred in the USSR on February 6, 1989.
Location: Soufla, Baraki County, Logar Province.
Time spent in Afghanistan: February 1985 - February 1989.
Commanders:
lieutenant colonel Yurin I.S. (09.1984–08.1985);
lieutenant colonel Ryzhik M.I. (08.1985–11.1985);
major Reznik E.A. (11.1985–08.1986);
major Udovichenko V.M. (08.1986–04.1987);
major Korchagin A.V. (04.1987–06.1988);
lieutenant colonel Goratenkov V.A. (06.1988–02.1989).
334th separate detachment of special forces (5th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Asadabad")
The detachment was formed from December 25, 1984 to January 8, 1985 in Maryina Gorka from the troops of the BVO, Far Eastern Military District, Lenvo, Prikvo, Savo; transferred to Turkvo on January 13, 1985. On March 11, 1985, he was transferred to the 40th Army.
Location: Asadabad, Kunar province.
Time spent in Afghanistan: February 1985 - May 1988.
Squad leaders:
major Terentiev V.Ya. (03.1985–05.1985);
captain, major Bykov G.V. (05.1985–05.1987);
lieutenant colonel Klochkov A.B. (05.1987–11.1987);
lieutenant colonel Giluch V.P. (11.1987–05.1988).
370th Separate Special Forces Detachment (6th Separate Motorized Rifle Battalion - "Lashkarevsky")
Location: Lashkargah, Helmand province.
Time spent in Afghanistan: February 1984 - August 1988.
Squad leaders:
Major Krot I.M. (03.1985–08.1986);
Captain Fomin A.M. (08.1986–05.1987);
major Eremeev V.V. (05.1987–08.1988).
186th separate detachment of special forces (7th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Shahdzhoy")
Location: Shahjoy, Zabol province.
Time spent in Afghanistan: April 1985 - May 1988.
Squad leaders:
lieutenant colonel Fedorov K.K. (04.1985–05.1985);
captain, major Likhidchenko A.I. (05.1985–03.1986);
major, lieutenant colonel Nechitailo A.I. (03.1986–04.1988);
major, lieutenant colonel Borisov A.E. (04.1988–05.1988).
411th Separate Special Forces Detachment (8th Separate Motorized Rifle Battalion - "Farakh")
Location: Farah, Farah province.
Time spent in Afghanistan: December 1985 - August 1988.
Commanders:
Captain Fomin A.G. (10.1985–08.1986);
Major Krot I.M. (08.1986–12.1986);
Major Yurchenko A.E. (12.1986–04.1987);
major Khudyakov A.N. (04.1987–08.1988).
459th separate company special forces ("Kabul company")
Stationed in Kabul.
Formed in December 1979 on the basis of a special forces training regiment in the city of Chirchik. Introduced into Afghanistan in February 1980.
During the fighting, the personnel of the company took part in more than six hundred combat exits.
Withdrawn from Afghanistan in August 1988.
From the book Technique and weapons 2004 07 author From the book Technique and weapons 2004 09 author Magazine "Technique and weapons" From the book Technique and weapons 2004 10 author Magazine "Technique and weapons"Special Forces Aviation Mikhail Nikolsky Continued. See the beginning in TiV No. 7-9 / 2004. AC-130: the battleship as it is Work on the creation of the most powerful sky battleship under the Gunship II program began in 1965 after Terry's
From the book Technique and weapons 2004 11 author Magazine "Technique and weapons"Special Purpose Aviation Continued. See the beginning in TiV No. 7-10 / 2004. Truck hunters The main task of the AC-130A, as mentioned above, was the night hunt for vehicles on the Ho Chi Minh trail. All AS-130s were in service with the 16th Special Purpose Squadron,
From the book Technique and weapons 2005 03 author Magazine "Technique and weapons"Special Forces Aviation Mikhail Nikolsky Continued. Beginning in TiV No. 7-11 / 2004 Vietnam: not only "gunships" The "gunships" accounted for the lion's share of special-purpose aviation sorties, they also got almost all the glory. Almost, but not all. Program
From the book Spetsnaz GRU: the most complete encyclopedia author Kolpakidi Alexander IvanovichPlaces and times of deployment of special forces (1981-1989) Directorate of the 15th separate special forces brigade (1st separate motorized rifle brigade - "Jalalabad") Location: Jalalabad, Nangarhar province. Time spent in Afghanistan: March 1985 - May 1988
From the book Technique and weapons 2005 06 author Magazine "Technique and weapons"Special Forces Aviation Mikhail Nikolsky Continued. For the beginning, see "TiV" No. 7-11 / 2004, No. 3.4 / 2005. American hostages captured in Tehran by Islamists in 1979. In the spring of 1980, the press of the whole world washed the bones of American special forces. Operation by
From the book Save Our Souls! [Unknown pages of history Soviet Navy] author Shigin Vladimir VilenovichSpecial Forces Brigade
From the book Unknown Pages of History Soviet fleet author Shigin Vladimir VilenovichSpecial Purpose Brigade Literally a few days after the decision to conduct Operation Anadyr was made, the Northern Fleet began to form a new formation - a submarine brigade, which was to be based in Cuba. Created
From the book Light Tank Pz. I History, design, weapons, combat use author Taras Denis AnatolievichSpecial purpose tanks Personnel of the NSKK (National Socialist Mechanized Corps) are being trained on training vehicles. Pz.I A tank chassis are used as training vehicles. Many tanks from the first day of their service were used as training
From book combat training special forces author Ardashev Alexey Nikolaevich From the book Structure of the Armed Forces of the Republic author Samuilov V.I.Special Forces General Provisions Special Forces are affiliated with various People's Commissariats to carry out various special tasks carried out on the basis of directives, instructions and orders issued by the respective
From the book Killing Democracy: CIA and Pentagon Operations in the Period cold war by Bloom William48. Libya, 1981-1989. RONALD REAGAN MEETS HIS MATTER Large masses of people deep down tend to be corrupt rather than consciously and deliberately evil... therefore, due to the primitive simplicity of their minds, they are more likely to fall prey to a big lie than a small one, since
From the book Don Cossacks in the wars of the early XX century author Ryzhkova Natalya VasilievnaTHE PARTICIPATION OF THE DONTS IN THE ACTIONS OF PARTISAN CONSOLIDATED SPECIAL PURPOSE GROUPS Already during the summer strategic offensive of the German-Austrian-Hungarian troops Russian command often and very successfully used partisan actions cavalry detachments, specially
From the book Basic Special Forces Training [Extreme Survival] author Ardashev Alexey NikolaevichFSB Special Purpose Center The Center is part of the Service for the Protection of the Constitutional System and the Fight against Terrorism. Its structure includes Directorate "A", Directorate "B" and the Special Operations Service (SOF). Currently, there are four departments in the "B" department, in
From the book Armored vehicles of Germany 1939 - 1945 (part II) Armored vehicles, armored personnel carriers, tractors and special vehicles author Baryatinsky MikhailLeichter Ladungstr?ger "Goliath" special-purpose vehicles. A torpedo teletankette developed in 1941 on the basis of a captured French sample from Kegresse. Serially produced by Borgward, Zuridapp and Zachertz from April 1942 to January 1945. Manufactured 7569 units. Serial
Hello, I saw inaccuracy, the first number of this brigade was 42610, based on the combined detachment stationed in the city of Chirchik, Tashkent region. The described data on the formed detachment in the 80th year had a name among us " Muslim battalion"He was outside the territory of the unit and lived in tents. And they were from all over the USSR and there was only one criterion ... nationality. The battalion that stood in the GDR against the city of ZVAIBRYUKIN in the period 70- and before the collapse was also not indicated. Three stories from the old brigade) )))
1. By order of Zaitsev, more precisely, according to his favorite words, “I come and I’m surprised,” he said the following that when driving past the fish factory, he discovered that some fishermen have Lenin, but our brigade doesn’t !!! not in order. Well, he gave a hint that the time was up tomorrow, and distributed 1 baht is responsible for the monument, 2 for the pedestal, and the third for the flowerbed))) in general, it happened)) though the next day at the checkpoint gate, about 10-15 cars arrived with the prosecutor's office, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the administration. Zaitsev himself went out to them since there was no brigade commander .. well, and raised the guard in full combat at the checkpoint, put the first rank of the rest at random and ordered that any person crossing the white line at the checkpoint should be immediately shot, and added which of the soldiers would be the first to go home to vacation)) in general, there is no better dream for a soldier)) of course, everyone left .. then, according to the stories, I heard that he was called to the district, they gave him strict punishment, and after a couple of months, the extraordinary rank of colonel)))
2. It was bad with water, and we just didn’t have time for ZIL, in general, the old-timers said to give birth to some water)) well, the soldiers went to the city. the fact that it is full)). The barrel lost its chain and headed across the river to the steppe))) and by a roundabout way to the brigade. )
3. Well, this is directly connected with me, our brigade commander "pioneer" made an unthinkable sports town, we hung ourselves there)) but that's just the trouble he said after building us, everything is done, asphalt will also be one of these days, but there is no ice rink ..... .in general, a vacation to the one who "will give birth to this miracle"))) I went to the city. And passing by the newly built kindergarten I saw HIM)))) having returned to the unit, I walked through the "kents" and purely out of friendship asked for help, I was afraid the bride would be taken away)) ) there were 20 volunteers. I went to the DC and explained the situation .. more precisely, that this was all on the orders of the brigade commander, he said I didn’t know anything and didn’t see anything, then behind the car)) in general, they carefully tied the watchman with karamultuk and loaded the ice rink on Zila. Yes, that’s the trouble from the weight in front of the truck came off almost from the ground, well, they solved the problem very radically)) who is on cool, who is on the hood)) imagine Zil is driving and his man 20 stuck around in front))) well, in part we were already waiting for a guy with an airbrush who applied an invert number on it, like the part number. "Pioneer" liked to throw cars well, for a part, well, and through the guardhouse to catch vigilance))) and part of it knew that night and the ice rink was in a conspicuous place)) When he saw him, he probably walked about 10-15 minutes along and along)) touched the paint, ehh not yet dried up))) the guys push me to the side, they say, go, I carefully approach and then he sees my maneuver, he responds to me, I run up, they report, and he’s like that, so what does he start up ??? I say yes. , smiles. Does he even travel ?? I say, of course !! In general, he takes me by the sleeve, went to the personnel department, and I get the cherished leave to marry)))) These are funny cases were))) Thank you
411 ooSpN was formed as part of 22 obrSpN in locality Shindand (DRA).
A feature of the detachment was that almost all the officers and personnel had already served in the army for at least six months. Democratic Republic Afghanistan.
A. Fomin, previously chief of staff of the 7th detachment, was appointed battalion commander, A. Khudyakov, who arrived from the Union, was appointed deputy. There he served in the Moscow intelligence center. The chief of staff was N. Dubrovin, who had previously served as a company commander in Lashkargah. All positions of commanders of companies, groups, and departments were filled by people from the detachments of the 22nd Special Forces Brigade operating in Afghanistan at that time. All other positions were filled by officers, ensigns and personnel from units of the 5th motorized rifle division stationed in Shindand. As it usually happens, the division got rid of the "ballast". Many used drugs, stole and sold anything that could be sold or traded. One can imagine what difficulties the command of the unit and the commanders of subunits had to face in working with people whose professional and moral character left much to be desired. Only thanks to the authority based on military merits, high professional and personal qualities of such officers as Konstantin Kozhmyakov, Alexander Mirovny, Vadim Bykov and some others, there was discipline in the detachment.
In the last days of December 1985, the detachment in full strength on military equipment made a 100-kilometer march to the point of permanent deployment, where they met the new year 1986.
The detachment blocked the caravan routes coming from Iran. The intensity of their use at the initial stage was low. Accordingly, the performance was quite low.
Based on the characteristics of the operational situation and the geographical properties of the terrain, the large area of the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone of responsibility, the tactics of conducting search and ambush operations were used. At first, they left for a period of 3 days, then for 5 days to remove up to 100 km from the PPD. Groups were delivered by helicopters or armored vehicles. Helicopters made daily overflights of the area in order to detect and destroy "spirits", as well as reconnaissance of the area. The collected information made it possible to more effectively use groups on foot and on armor. The raids were rare.
At a distance of more than 100 km in all directions, there were no parts limited contingent and the "spirits" sometimes behaved carelessly, for which they suffered. Over time, the detachment increased the efficiency of their work and seriously complicated the life of the spirits in their area.
He was withdrawn to the Union as part of 22 obrSpN and remained in its composition. He worked very successfully before and during the fighting in Dagestan. Takes part in hostilities in the Second Chechen campaign.
411th Separate Special Purpose Detachment of the GRU General Staff was formed as part of the 22nd brigade in the city of Shindand.
A. Fomin, previously chief of staff of the 7th detachment, was appointed battalion commander, A. Khudyakov, who arrived from the Union, was appointed deputy. There he served in the Moscow intelligence center. The chief of staff was N. Dubrovin, who had previously served as a company commander in Lashkargah.
A feature of the detachment was that almost all the officers and personnel had served in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan for at least six months.
All positions of commanders of companies, groups, departments were filled by people from the detachments of the 22nd detachment operating in Afghanistan at that time. All other positions were filled by officers, ensigns and personnel from units of the 5th Guards Motor Rifle Division stationed in Shindand.
As it usually happens, the division got rid of the "ballast". Many used drugs, stole and sold anything that could be sold or traded. One can imagine what difficulties the command of the unit and the commanders of subunits had to face in working with people whose professional and moral character left much to be desired.
In the last days of December 1985, a detachment in full strength on military equipment made a 100-kilometer march to the point of permanent deployment of the city of Farahrud, where they met the new year 1986.
In the last days of December 1985, the detachment in full strength on military equipment made a 100-kilometer march to the point of permanent deployment, where they met the new year 1986.
The detachment blocked the caravan routes coming from Iran. The intensity of their use at the initial stage was low. Accordingly, the performance was quite low.
Based on the characteristics of the operational situation and the geographical properties of the terrain, the large area of the area of \u200b\u200bthe zone of responsibility, the tactics of conducting search and ambush operations were used. At first, they left for a period of 3 days, then for 5 days to remove up to 100 km from the PPD. Groups were delivered by helicopters or armored vehicles. Helicopters made daily overflights of the area in order to detect and destroy "spirits", as well as reconnaissance of the area. The collected information made it possible to more effectively use groups on foot and on armor. The raids were rare.
At a distance of more than 100 km in all directions, there were no parts of a limited contingent and the "spirits" sometimes behaved carelessly, for which they suffered. Over time, the detachment increased the efficiency of their work and seriously complicated the life of the spirits in their area.