What are the themes in the ode for the day of the ascension. Why do you think the ode has become one of the main genres of M
Mikhail Lomonosov has a large number of works that were dedicated to those monarchs who occupied the throne. In his odes, the poet raised the most important problems of that time. All of them were written by Mikhail Lomonosov with all the requirements of classicism. In the ode dedicated to the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna to the throne, there are 24 ten-line verse stanzas, where the rhyme is repeated. The first and second Lomonosov stanzas contain an appeal to silence, as was customary at that time according to the rules of versification. In the same lines, the glorification of the beauty and grandeur of nature, as well as the empress herself, takes place. After that, the author proceeds to the deeds that the Empress performs and glorifies them.
But this lasts only until the seventh line of poetry, where for four lines the poet remembers Peter the Great, admiring his wonderful and powerful deeds. Mikhail Vasilyevich glorifies the tsar as a reformer and as the ideal of the best and most correct Russian monarch. The author regrets and mourns his death. With the same feeling of sorrow and loss, the author of the ode speaks about the death of Peter's wife, Catherine the First.
But already in the twelfth poetic stanza, the author again recalls Elizaveta Petrovna and begins to praise her, be sure to name and list all her merits. But Mikhail Lomonosov does not forget to admire the wealth and beauty of the Russian state, its vast fields and expanses. That is why the poet calls to pay close attention to his homeland and engage in the development of natural resources, and this will help to develop science. The poet ends his twenty-second stanza with an appeal to his countrymen, compatriots, trying to convince them that it is imperative to do science. And now, in the last Lomonosov stanza, a new glorification of Elizabeth Petrovna sounds, because the time of her reign is a wise and peaceful time for the whole country.
In his poetic text, the poet touches great amount topics and problems, therefore, in its content it is similar to a poem. For example, the theme of his prosperity home country. Therefore, many stanzas in the ode are assigned to Peter the Great, who should be a model for all royal persons. But at the same time, the poet is glad that the current empress is pursuing a policy of peace and the development of education, which, according to Mikhail Lomonosov, should further develop his native state.
One picture of the ode is replaced by another: first, this is a description of the picture of the world, and then comes the praise of Elizabeth Petrovna, which smoothly turns to the praise of her father, Peter the Great. And in order to create his image more fully and richly, the poet recalls mythology, comparing Peter with Neptune and Mars, who were able to conquer war and sea waters. And this helped to make Russia a powerful and strong power.
But the author ends his story about the great Peter on a sad and sad note, telling about his tragic death. And soon it starts new part poetic story. Now the poet is again transferred to his contemporary time and hopes that Elizabeth will continue the work of her father, will not forget about the development of science and try to strengthen and develop her state. The author of the ode even tries to work out the actions that she must take for this.
And Mikhail Lomonosov begins to praise his country, because he really has something to be proud of. So, the country of Russia is beautiful and rich. It has a huge amount of natural wealth. And now, before the reader, the author shows his whole country, which stretches far, it has seas and oceans, the unknown North and the beautiful mountains of the Urals, the incredible Far East and the fast-flowing Amur River. And the poet is trying to prove that it is simply impossible to leave such a state unenlightened and it is impossible not to develop it further. But in order to be able to master such a country, it is necessary to have a huge number of educated and literate people. That is why the Lomonosov ode ends with a kind of hymn to the sciences, education and enlightenment. Hence such a solemn pathos of the entire poetic plot of the work of Mikhail Lomonosov.
The artistic features of the plot of Mikhail Vasilyevich are determined by its content and, of course, by the genre. It retains a stable rhyme, and the work itself is written in iambic tetrameter, which contains ten stanzas. The author uses a huge number of Slavic words, which help him create a patriotic and solemn style. The poet uses and addresses, as well as a huge number of rhetorical exclamations and questions. Metaphors and comparisons help to make the text of the ode richer and more colorful. The literary heritage of Mikhail Lomonosov, and especially his ode dedicated to the Empress, occupies an honorable place in Russian literature.
M. V. Lomonosov is a great scientist and poet. He became a luminary of science in the 18th century. and until now his works are not forgotten. Poetry for Lomonosov is not fun, not immersion in the narrow, in his opinion, world of a private person, but patriotic, civic activity. It was the ode that became the main lyrical genre in the work of Lomonosov.
One of the most famous works Lomonosov was the ode "On the day of the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna." Lomonosov begins it with the glorification of the world:
The joy of kings and kingdoms of the earth,
Beloved silence,
The bliss of the villages, the fence of the city,
If you are useful and red!
When she took the throne
As the Supreme gave her a crown,
I returned you to Russia
The war ended.
Sent a man to Russia
What has not been heard from the century.
Through all obstacles he lifted
Head, crowned with victories,
Russia, trample barbarism,
He lifted him up to heaven.
Describing Peter I, Lomonosov resorts to ancient mythology. The images of Mars and Neptune are used by him to denote war and the sea, which makes the ode even more solemn.
The ode "On the day of the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna" is not only a praise to the empress, but also an instruction to her. The Russia that Lomonosov wants to see is a great country, it is powerful, wise and at peace, but the main thing is that such a future is possible if Russia becomes a sacred power, the existence of which is impossible without an enlightened monarch. In a digression to the era of Peter I, Lomonosov seems to be telling Elizabeth that she should take an example from her father and continue his great deeds, in particular, promote the development of science, as her father did:
… divine sciences
Through mountains, rivers and seas,
Look at the high mountains
Look into your wide fields,
Where is the Volga, the Dnieper, where the Ob flows;
Wealth, hidden in them,
Science will frankly
What blooms with your generosity.
Such a huge country, the expanses of which stretch from the western plains, through the Urals and Siberia to Far East needs educated people. After all, only people knowledgeable people will be able to reveal all the natural wealth of Russia:
Oh you who are waiting
Fatherland from its bowels,
And wants to see them
What calls from foreign countries!
Be of good cheer, now you are encouraged,
Show with your speech
What can own Platos
And quick-witted Newtons
Russian land to give birth.
In these lines, the poet also draws the attention of readers to the fact that the Russian land is able to give minds equal to those “which it calls from foreign countries!”. He makes it clear that Russia is rich not only natural resources but capable people. People who can not only absorb science, but also sow their fruits. The natural continuation of the ode is the lines:
The sciences feed young men,
They give joy to the old,
Decorate in a happy life
In an accident, take care;
Joy in domestic difficulties
And in distant wanderings is not a hindrance.
Science is used everywhere, -
Among the nations and in the wilderness,
In the city noise and alone,
At rest they are sweet and in work.
Reading these lines, one cannot but agree with the author. A person without knowledge is not only uninteresting and boring in himself, he also leads the same life. Without knowledge, a person is not able to develop spiritually, therefore, while chanting science, the author also sings human soul. The glorification of man, his soul and genius is the main idea of the ode, it is connecting thread. Science and knowledge bind not only generations, but also peoples. Knowledge is the fundamental principle of everything.
Lomonosov's ode is more than just literary work is a message. The message is not only to the Empress and contemporaries, but also to descendants. An excellent example of the fact that the descendants followed his precepts - State University named after Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov.
He created glory for himself with odes, which can be divided into commendable, or solemn, and spiritual odes. to the first ( commendable, solemn ) include those that he wrote for various occasions: there are odes dedicated to Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, Peter III, Catherine II. The best of these odes is written “On the day of the accession to the throne of Empress Elizabeth” (see its full text and summary on our website). In this ode, Lomonosov sings of the “silence” that Elizabeth brought with her to Russia, stopping wars and establishing peace for a long time.
"The joy of the kings and kingdoms of the earth,
Beloved silence,
The bliss of the villages, the joy of the city,
If you are useful and red!
Flowers bloom around you
And the classes in the fields turn yellow;
Treasure ships are full
Dare in the sea for you;
You pour with a generous hand
Your wealth in the land."
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov
In the era of Lomonosov, odes were often written praising some military exploits, conquests: Lomonosov, on the contrary, sings of the end of the war, peace, silence. Then, turning to his favorite topic, Lomonosov praises Elizabeth for her patronage of the sciences.
"Silence, fiery sounds,
And stop wavering the light
Here in the world to expand science
Elisabeth did."
Odes of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Video presentation
But who in Russia opened the door to the sciences? - Peter the Great . This honor belongs to him; he discovered it through war and conquest of the Baltic shores.
"In the fields of bloody Mars was afraid,
Your sword in Petrov's hands in vain,
And Neptune wondered with trepidation,
Looking at the Russian flag.
The daughter of Peter the Great, Elizabeth, taking advantage of her father's conquests, following his path, established peace and, in "beloved silence", patronizes the spread of science.
"This is the only glory to you,
The monarch, belongs to;
Spacious is your state
Oh, how thankful you are!"
Only the spread of education can elevate the well-being of a country in which lies such a rich store of its own forces and talents; Russian people inspired by science will be able to show:
“Sciences feed young men,
They give joy to the elders,
Decorate in a happy life
Protect in case of an accident!
This ode, like Lomonosov's other laudatory odes, is built according to all the rules of classical odes, as required by the pseudo-classical school. In imitation of the ancient classics, who sang their odes in honor of some hero, the word "sing" is used. Mythological deities are often mentioned, - Mars, Neptune; for greater effect, to express delight, the technique of “lyrical disorder” of thoughts, a quick transition from one subject to another, is used.
In almost all of his laudatory odes, Lomonosov speaks of Peter the Great, who was always his favorite hero. Lomonosov bowed before Peter and his reforms, he saw everything in them only good; he bowed before the mighty energy with which Peter "defeated barbarism" and exalted Russia. "The builder, says Lomonosov,
He sent a man (Peter) to Russia,
Which has not been heard from the ages.
The image of Peter the Great, created by Lomonosov, the image of the "giant miracle worker", was reflected in the literature that followed him and undoubtedly had an influence on Pushkin.
spiritual odes Lomonosov are among his best poetic works. Beautiful "Ode, chosen from Job"; it is a transposition of the biblical text into verses. The deep religiosity of the poet is felt in his two odes: " Morning meditation on the Majesty of God" and " Evening meditation on the Majesty of God in the event of the great northern lights". Wonderfully poetic description of the evening and the starry sky:
“The day hides its face;
The fields were covered with gloomy night;
A black shadow ascended the mountains;
The rays from us leaned away.
The abyss of stars has opened up full;
There is no number of stars, the abyss has no bottom.
sand grain as in sea waves,
How small is the spark eternal ice,
Like fine dust in a strong whirlwind,
So I, deepened in this abyss,
I'm lost, I'm tired of thoughts.
This is followed by a description of the northern lights, suddenly lighting up in the sky in the middle of a dark night:
“But where, nature, is your law?
Dawn rises from midnight countries -
Doesn't the sun set its throne there?
Do not the ice-folk stir up the fire of the sea?
Lomonosov gives a vivid, colorful description of the northern lights and, turning to the "wise" (scientists), asks: what kind of wonderful natural phenomenon is this? None of the scientists could yet definitively explain it!
"Your answer is full of doubts"
Lomonosov finishes:
Unknown creatures you end:
Tell me, how great is the Creator?
- Why do you think the ode has become one of the main genres literary creativity M.V. Lomonosov?
- What, in your opinion, is the main, leading theme of the “Ode on the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747”? How are other seemingly freely developing themes related to it?
- Try to characterize the image of the empress created by Lomonosov in the ode. Compare it with the image of Elizabeth in the portraits of Russian artists of the 18th century known to you.
- What attitude did Lomonosov express towards Peter I? What artistic techniques, characteristic of classicism, are used in the depiction of Peter? How do they affect the reader's perception?
- How is Russia depicted in the ode? What attracts the poet's attention? What epithets and comparisons does he use to recreate the image of the Motherland?
Lomonosov preferred heroic themes in artistic works, claimed glory and power Russian state, sang of the victories of Russian weapons, saw the future of his country in education, the dissemination of sciences, domestic education. The tasks of glorifying the state and its most worthy statesmen and military figures were answered to the greatest extent by the ode. In the poem "A Conversation with Anacreon," Lomonosov explained his literary predilection in the following words:
Although I am not deprived of tenderness of the heart In love, I am more delighted with the heroes of eternal glory.
Although in his youth Lomonosov loved to write love songs, two of which have survived to this day, the main task for him was to instill in his fellow citizens a sense of duty and a desire for socially useful activities using the examples of domestic heroes. The genre of the ode then made it possible to combine lyrics and journalism in a great work, to speak out on issues of national importance, and to do this, according to the well-known Russian researcher literature XVIII century A. V. Zapadova, strongly, figuratively, beautifully.
The leading theme of “Ode on the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne ...” is the theme of Russia, its present and future, the praise of its greatness, wealth, that is, a patriotic theme. It is revealed through a number of topics subordinate to it, concretizing the author's attitude to the homeland and its people. Among them are the images of Peter I and Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, personifying Russia and carrying out progressive transformations, the theme of war and peace (beloved silence), the theme of science and art, the beauty and vast natural wealth of Russia, and also the theme of the young generation, symbolizing its future prosperity.
The glorification of the monarch is one of the distinctive features of the classicist ode, since his image symbolizes the strength and unity of the state, for Russian classicists it is an enlightened monarch who patronizes the law, sciences, who sees the goal of his activity as good subjects. Such in the ode is the wife of Elisaveta Petrovna. Her image is of a ceremonial, solemn character. As a classicist, Lomonosov, in the image of a monarch, captured his vision of power and standing on top of it. The empress in the ode of Lomonosov is beautiful and majestic (the sight is more beautiful than paradise), she stops wars in the name of the tranquility of the Russians. The verbal description of the empresses in the odes of Lomonosov (Catherine I, Elizaveta Petrovna and Catherine II) was quite consistent with their artistic depiction in the portraits of the classicists. Creating the image of the Russian monarchy, artists adhered to the formula “Elizaveta is Peter today”, meaning the renewal and continuation of Peter the Great’s transformations after a decade of Bironovshchina during the reign of Anna Ioannovna. The advanced part of Russian society hoped for further development affairs of Peter in peacetime.
Cliques are heard in the valleys:
"Great Petrov's daughter exceeds her father's generosity, aggravates the contentment of the muses, And fortunately opens the door."
There is a well-known portrait of Elizabeth Petrovna by I. Vishnyakov (1743), which is exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery. The Empress majestically rises above the world, like an unshakable pyramid. She is royally motionless, which is emphasized by the coronation robe, mantle. The image of the autocrat is complemented by such attributes of power as the crown, scepter and orb. On the motionless face there is an expression of greatness and a benevolent smile addressed to the subjects. It seems that the words of Lomonosov are addressed to this appearance of Elizabeth:
This glory to you alone, Monarchine, belongs, Your vast power, Oh, how she thanks you!
And the appeal characteristic of the solemn odic style:
Look at the high mountains, Look at your wide fields...
As already mentioned, for Russian classicists, Peter I is an ideal enlightened sovereign who cares about strengthening the Russian state, its military power, and the development of sciences and arts. So he is depicted in the ode "On the day of the accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty the Empress Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747." In his image, there is a clear orientation towards antiquity, which is characteristic of the creation of the image of the hero. To show the strength and greatness of Peter I and his deeds, the author uses a comparison with the god of war Mars, who “feared his sword in Peter's hands in vain”; Neptune is surprised, looking at the fleet created by Peter ("Russian flag"). In general, ancient realities are often mentioned in the ode - the names of the gods, the muses, Parnassus, with whom he compares the collection of muses on Russian soil, the philosopher Plato. At the same time, Lomonosov sees in the appearance of Peter the Great the divine will, the will of the “builder of the world”, which glorifies the creator who sent a man to Russia:
What has been unheard of for centuries. Through all the obstacles, he lifted up the Head, crowned with victories, Russia, trampled by rudeness, He raised him to heaven with himself.
Of course, in the odes of Lomonosov, a sincere enthusiastic attitude towards Peter is expressed, although idealized. The poet, as it were, forgets at what cost his transformation was achieved. material from the site
Comparing Russia with other countries, their heritage, Lomonosov gives Russia an advantage. These are high, almost wide mountains, these are the great rivers Volga, Dnieper, Ob, Lena, equal in width to the seas, a vast expanse of lands, riches that India boasts of. The riches of Russia include deep forests, diverse animal world. As if introducing the Empress to her vast possessions, Lomonosov glorifies Russia. And here it is sometimes difficult to distinguish the object of praise in the ode - Elisaveta Petrovna or the vast country that is under her citizenship. These two images sometimes merge into one in the perception of readers, which indicates the priority for the poet of the image of the great native state and its good.
We will glorify your gift to the heavens, And we will put a sign of your bounty, Where the sun rises and where Cupid Spins in green shores, Wishing to return again To your state from Manchuria.
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Not everyone knows that the luminary of science of the 18th century, Mikhail Lomonosov, was also a good poet. The fact that a person can be brilliant in such different areas is only admirable. He mainly wrote civic and political lyrics.
The work “On the Day of the Ascension of Elizabeth Petrovna” belongs to the genre of ode. The solemn tone of the entire poem corresponds to the genre. The author praises the great queen and even gives her advice.
The ode begins with the glorification of the world, which was achieved thanks to the coming to the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna. "Beloved silence" the author calls this time. The wars that Russia waged so often subsided, and the people could breathe easy. Peacetime gave a feeling of bliss to the villages and a fence to the castles.
In the ode, the author praises not only Elizabeth, but also Peter I. He is presented as an ideal ruler who brought Russia out of the state of barbarism with new reforms. Peter is warlike, unlike Elizabeth, but military victories brought glory to him and the state. Thus, Lomonosov takes a philosophical approach to the theme of war and peace.
In the poem, Lomonosov not only sings of the queen's humanity, but also gives her instructions. As a scientist, he wants to see his country enlightened, and for this the ruler must himself be enlightened and contribute to the development of culture and science. Having resorted to the image of Peter, the author seems to be hinting to the queen that she should take an example from her father, who always supported science.
Of great importance are descriptions of the natural wealth of Russia: high mountains, wide fields, full-flowing rivers. All of them hold secrets that only an enlightened mind can reveal. Therefore, the country so needs educated people. Lomonosov confidently says that there are many capable individuals on Russian soil who just need help to take off. And this is one of the tasks of a wise monarch.
Much has been said about the importance and necessity of science. smart words by the author in an ode. Lomonosov proves that science is necessary for everyone: both young men and old people. In youth, it helps to find oneself, to understand the world, and in old age it gives joy. Knowledge can decorate a happy life and save difficult cases. And in domestic affairs, science can be a joy, and in wanderings it can not be a hindrance. Both among people and in solitude, a person needs science.
Lomonosov was so reverent about enlightenment, not only because he himself was a scientist, but because he believed that knowledge affects the human soul. After all, knowledge expands human horizons, shows the right path. A person without knowledge is boring even to himself. That is why it is so important to strive to become educated.
The ode not only praises Elizabeth, it also contains wise advice. The author turns to the queen, gives her instructions on how to become even better. The instructions of the Great Scientist are useful not only to rulers, but also to ordinary people.
This poem is a wise message left by Mikhail Lomonosov to the queen, his contemporaries and future generations.