Examples of the application of the laws of physics c. Physics as the most important source of knowledge about the surrounding world
Ivanova Alice
Knowledge of physics helps us make life more comfortable, use physical phenomena and processes correctly, prevent their harmful effects on the body, and prevent accidents.
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Applying the laws of physics to everyday life
Physics surrounds us everywhere, especially at home. We are used to not seeing it. Knowledge of physical phenomena and laws helps us in household chores, protects us from mistakes. Look at what is happening in your home through the eyes of a physicist, and you will see a lot of interesting and useful things!
To prevent the glass from bursting when boiling water is poured into it, a metal spoon is placed in it. Every day we boil water. Of the two cups of boiling water, the one with the thinner wall will not burst, as it will warm up evenly faster. thermal phenomena
When we bathe in the bathroom, fogging of the mirror and walls occurs as a result of water vapor condensation. If hot water is poured into a cup and covered with a lid, the water vapor condenses on the lid. Crane with cold water can always be distinguished by the droplets of water that formed on it during the condensation of water vapor. Condensation
Brewing tea Pickling cucumbers, mushrooms, fish, etc. Diffusion of odors Diffusion Tea is always brewed with boiling water, as this diffuses faster Do not wash colored and white items together!
Pot handles are made of materials that conduct heat poorly so as not to get burned. Heat Transfer If the pot lid has a metal handle and there are no potholders at hand, you can use a clothespin or insert a cork into the hole. Do not open the lid of the pot and look into it when water is boiling in it. Steam burns are very dangerous!
can be used to store hot and cold products The inner glass flask of the thermos has double walls, between which there is a vacuum. This prevents heat loss through conduction. The bulb is silver in color to prevent heat loss by radiation. Cork prevents heat loss by convection. In addition, it has poor thermal conductivity. The housing protects the flask from damage. Thermos If there is no thermos, then a jar of soup can be wrapped in foil and a newspaper or a woolen scarf, and a pot of soup can be covered with a duvet or cotton blanket.
Wood has poor thermal conductivity, so wood parquet is warmer than other floorings. The carpet has poor thermal conductivity, so the feet are warmer on it. To make the house warmer There is air in the double-glazed windows between the glasses (sometimes it is even pumped out). Its poor thermal conductivity prevents heat exchange between the cold air outside and the warm air in the room. In addition, double-glazed windows reduce noise levels.
Batteries in apartments are located below, since the hot air from them rises as a result of convection and heats the room. The hood is placed above the stove, as hot vapors and fumes from food rise up. Convection
With traditional room heating, the coldest place in the room is the floor, and the warmest place is near the ceiling. Unlike convection, the room is heated by radiation from the floor from the bottom up, and the feet do not freeze! Don't get cold feet!
Magnetic fasteners on bags and jackets. Decorative magnets. Magnetic locks on furniture. Magnets are often used in everyday life.
To increase the pressure, we sharpen scissors and knives, using thin needles. Pressure
lever, screw, gate, wedge In everyday life we often use simple mechanisms: At the heart of the scissors is a lever
We use communicating vessels...
To increase friction, we wear shoes with embossed soles. The rug in the hallway is made on a rubber basis. Toothbrushes and handles use special rubber pads. Friction
Clean and dry hair, when combed with a plastic comb, is attracted to it, since as a result of friction, the comb and hair acquire charges that are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign. A metal comb does not give such an effect, as it is a good conductor. Electrification
When you turn on and operate the TV, a strong electric field is created near the screen. We discovered it with the help of a sleeve made of foil. Due to the electrostatic field, dust adheres to the TV screen, so it must be cleaned regularly! During operation of the TV, it is impossible to be at a distance of less than 0.5 m from its rear and side panels. The strong magnetic field of the coils that control the electron beam has a bad effect on the human body! Television
Scales Household physical appliances Beaker Thermometer Blood pressure monitor Clock Barometer Room thermometer
In the presented electrical appliances, the thermal effect of the current is used. Household electrical appliances. We use them daily!
Safety rules To avoid overloads and short circuits, do not plug several powerful devices into one outlet!
When unplugging the appliance, do not pull on the cord! Do not handle electrical appliances with wet hands! Do not connect faulty electrical appliances to the network! Make sure that the insulation of the electrical wiring is in good condition! When leaving home, turn off all electrical appliances!
To protect devices from short circuits and power surges, use voltage stabilizers! To connect high power appliances (electric stoves, washing machines), special sockets must be installed!
Apartment power supply system
Devices that emit Devices that receive and emit electromagnetic waves You can talk on a mobile phone for no more than 20 minutes. in a day!
Devices requiring special care when using
Safety distance from devices with strong electromagnetic radiation
Ranges electromagnetic radiation various household electrical appliances Avoid prolonged exposure to strong EMF. If necessary, install electrically heated floors, choose systems with a lower level magnetic field.
Plan for the correct location of electrical equipment in the apartment
Results of the survey Questions Students Adults 1. What physical phenomena did you notice in everyday life? 95% noticed boiling, evaporation and condensation 2. Have you ever used knowledge of physics in everyday life? 76% gave an affirmative answer 3. Have you been in unpleasant everyday situations: burnt with steam or on hot parts of dishes 98% electric shock 35% 42% short circuit 30% 45% plugged the appliance into the socket and it burned out 23% 62% 4. Could knowledge of physics help you avoid unpleasant situations 88% 73% 5. When buying household appliances, are you interested in: technical specifications 30% 100% safety 47% 100% operating rules 12% 96% possible negative impact on health 43% 77%
Analysis of the results of the survey When studying physics at school, more attention should be paid to the practical application of physical knowledge in everyday life. The school should introduce students to physical phenomena underlying the operation of household appliances. Particular attention should be paid to the possible negative impact household appliances on the human body. In physics lessons, students should be taught how to use instructions for electrical appliances. Before allowing a child to use a household electrical appliance, adults should make sure that the child has firmly mastered the safety rules for handling it.
Attention! The site administration site is not responsible for the content methodological developments, as well as for compliance with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard.
- Participant: Fedaeva Anna Vladimirovna
- Head: Gusarova Irina Viktorovna
1) Find out how physics affects human life and whether it can modern man live without its use;
2) Show the need for physical knowledge for everyday life and self-knowledge;
3) Analyze how much a person is interested in physics in the 21st century.
Introduction
Man, as the highest value of our civilization, is studied by a number of scientific disciplines: biology, anthropology, psychology and others. However, the creation of a holistic view of the human phenomenon is impossible without physics. Physics is the leader modern natural science and the foundation of scientific technical progress and there are sufficient reasons for this. Physics, to a greater extent than any of the natural sciences, has expanded the boundaries of human knowledge. Physics has placed in the hands of man the most powerful sources of energy, which has sharply increased man's power over nature. Physics is now the theoretical foundation of most of the main areas of technological progress and areas of practical use of technical knowledge. Physics, its phenomena and laws operate in the world of animate and inanimate nature, which is very important for life and activity. human body and creation of natural optimal conditions for human existence on Earth. Man is an element of the physical world of nature. It, like all objects of nature, is subject to the laws of physics, for example, Newton's laws, the law of conservation and transformation of energy, and others. Therefore, in my opinion, this topic is extremely relevant for modern man.
Rationale for project selection: every day, without noticing it, we come into contact with physics. It became interesting to me how and where we come into contact with physics at home or on the street.
Goals and objectives of my work:
- Find out how physics affects a person's life and whether a modern person can live without its use.
- Show the need for physical knowledge for everyday life and self-knowledge
- Analyze how much a person is interested in physics in the 21st century.
Centripetal force
Here is a boy spinning a stone on a rope. He spins this stone faster and faster until the rope breaks. Then the stone will fly somewhere to the side. What force broke the rope? After all, she was holding a stone, the weight of which, of course, did not change. The centrifugal force acts on the rope, scientists answered even before Newton.
Long before Newton, scientists figured out that in order for a body to rotate, a force must act on it. But this is especially clear from Newton's laws. Newton was the first scientist to systematize scientific discoveries. He established the cause of the rotational motion of the planets around the Sun. The force causing this movement was the force of gravity.
Since the stone moves in a circle, it means that a force acts on it, changing its movement. After all, by inertia, the stone should move in a straight line. This important part of the first law of motion is sometimes forgotten.
The movement by inertia is always rectilinear. And the stone that breaks the rope will also fly in a straight line. The force that corrects the path of the stone acts on it all the time while it rotates. This constant force is called the centripetal layer. It is attached to the stone.
But then, according to Newton's third law, there should be a force acting from the side of the stone on the rope and equal to the centripetal. This force is called centrifugal. The faster the stone rotates, the greater the force must act on it from the side of the rope. And, of course, the stronger the stone will pull - to tear the rope. Finally, its margin of safety may not be enough, the rope will break, and the stone will fly by inertia now in a straight line. Since he maintains his speed, he can fly very far.
Manifestation and application
If you have an umbrella, you can turn it upside down on the floor and put in it, for example, a piece of paper or newspaper. Then spin the umbrella hard.
You will be surprised, but the umbrella will throw out your paper projectile, moving it from the center to the edge of the rim, and then completely out. The same will happen if you place a heavier object, such as a baby ball.
The force that you observed in this experiment is called centrifugal force. This force is a consequence of a more global law of inertia. Therefore, the objects participating in the rotational movement, striving according to this law to maintain the direction and speed of their original state, seem to “have no time” to move around the circle and therefore begin to “fall out” and move towards the edge of the circle.
We encounter centrifugal force almost constantly in our lives. Which we don't even suspect. You can take a stone and tie it to a rope and start spinning. You will immediately feel how the rope is stretched, and tend to break under the action of centrifugal force. The same force helps a cyclist or a motorcyclist in a circus to describe the "dead loop". Honey is extracted from the combs by centrifugal force and the clothes are dried in the washing machine. And the rails for sharp turns of trains and trams, precisely because of the centrifugal effect, make the "internal" lower than the "outer".
Lever arm
Everyone who has studied physics knows the saying of the famous Greek scientist Archimedes: "Give me a point of support, and I will move the Earth." It may seem somewhat self-confident, nevertheless, he had grounds for such a statement. After all, if you believe the legend, Archimedes exclaimed so, for the first time describing from the point of view of mathematics the principle of operation of one of the oldest lever mechanisms. When and where this elementary device, the foundation of all mechanics and technology, was first used, it is impossible to establish. Obviously, even in ancient times, people noticed that it is easier to break off a branch from a tree if you press on its end, and a stick will help to lift a heavy stone from the ground if you pry it from below. Moreover, the longer the stick, the easier it is to move the stone from its place. Both a branch and a stick are the simplest examples of the use of a lever; people intuitively understood the principle of its operation even in prehistoric times. Most of the oldest tools of labor - a hoe, an oar, a hammer with a handle, and others - are based on the application of this principle. The simplest lever is a crossbar that has a fulcrum and the ability to rotate around it. A swinging plank lying on a round base is the most obvious example. The sides of the crossbar from the edges to the fulcrum are called the arms of the lever.
Domenico Fetti. Thinking Archimedes. 1620 Already in the 5th millennium BC. e. in Mesopotamia, they used the principle of leverage to create equilibrium scales. Ancient mechanics noticed that if you set a fulcrum exactly under the middle of a swinging plank, and put weights on its edges, the edge on which the heavier load lies will go down. If the weights are the same in weight, the plank will take a horizontal position. Thus, it was experimentally found that the lever will come into balance if equal efforts are applied to its equal arms. But what if you shift the fulcrum, making one shoulder longer and the other short? This is exactly what happens if a long stick is slipped under a heavy stone. The earth becomes the fulcrum, the stone presses on the short arm of the lever, and the man on the long one. And here are the miracles! a heavy stone, which cannot be torn off the ground with hands, rises. This means that in order to balance a lever with different arms, it is necessary to apply different efforts to its edges: more force to the short arm, less to the long one. This principle was used by the ancient Romans to create another measuring instrument, the steelyard. Unlike balance scales, the steelyard arms were of different lengths, and one of them could be lengthened. The heavier the load had to be weighed, the longer the sliding arm was made, on which the weight was hung. Of course, the measurement of weight was only a special case of using a lever. Much more important were the mechanisms that facilitate labor and make it possible to perform such actions for which the physical strength of a person is clearly not enough. The famous Egyptian pyramids to this day remain the most grandiose structures on Earth. Until now, some scientists express doubt that the ancient Egyptians were able to build them on their own. Pyramids were built from blocks weighing about 2.5 tons, which had to be not only moved along the ground, but also lifted up.
Static electricity
All of us experience static electricity. For example, you probably noticed that after a long combing, your hair begins to “stick out” in different directions. Or, during the removal of clothes in the dark, small numerous discharges are observed.
If we consider this effect from the physical side, then this phenomenon is characterized by the loss of the internal balance of the subject, which is caused by the loss (or acquisition) of one of the electrons. In other words, it is a spontaneously formed electric charge due to friction between surfaces.
The reason for this is the contact of two different substances of the dielectric itself. Atoms of one substance strip off electrons from another. After their separation, each of the bodies retains its discharge, but the potential difference increases
The use of static electricity in everyday life
Electricity can be your good helper. But for this you should know its features thoroughly and skillfully use them in the right direction. In technology, various methods are used, which are based on the following features. When small solid or liquid particles of substances come under the influence of an electric field, they attract ions and electrons. Charge is accumulating. Their movement continues already under the influence of an electric field. Depending on the equipment used, this field can be used to control the movement of these particles in various ways. It all depends on the process. This technology has become widely used in the national economy.
Painting
Paintable parts that move on the container, such as machine parts, are positively charged, while paint particles are negatively charged. This contributes to their quick pursuit of details. As a result of such a technological process, a very thin, uniform and rather dense layer of paint is formed on the surface of the object.
Particles that have been dispersed by the electric field hit the surface of the product with great force. Due to this, a high saturation of the ink layer is achieved. At the same time, the consumption of the paint itself is significantly reduced. It remains only on the product itself.
Electrosmoking
Smoking is the impregnation of the product with the help of "wood smoke". Thanks to its particles, the product is very tasty. This helps to prevent its rapid deterioration. Electrosmoking is based on the following: particles of "smoke smoke" are charged with positive charges. As a negative electrode, as an option, the carcass of fish acts. These smoke particles fall on it, where they are partially absorbed. This process lasts only a matter of minutes. And ordinary smoking is a very long process. So the benefit is clear.
Creating a pile
In order for a pile layer to form on any type of material in an electric field, it is grounded, and a layer of glue is applied to the surface. Then, through a special charged metal mesh, which is located above this plane, villi begin to pass. They very quickly orient themselves in a given electric field, which contributes to their uniform distribution. The villi fall onto the adhesive clearly perpendicular to the plane of the material. With the help of this unique technology, it is possible to obtain various coatings similar to suede or even velvet. This technique allows you to get various multi-colored drawings. To do this, use a pile of different colors and special patterns to help create a specific pattern. During the process itself, they are applied alternately to separate sections of the part itself. In this way it is very easy to get multi-colored carpets.
Dust collection
Not only the person himself needs clean air, but also very precise technological processes. Due to the presence of a large amount of dust, all equipment becomes unusable ahead of its time. For example, the cooling system is clogged. Flying dust with gases is a very valuable material. This is due to the fact that the purification of various industrial gases is extremely necessary today. Now this problem is very easily solved by the electric field. How it works? Inside the metal pipe there is a special wire that plays the role of the first electrode. Its walls serve as the second electrode. Due to the electric field, the gas in it begins to ionize. Negatively charged ions begin to attach to the smoke particles that come with the gas itself. Thus, they are charged. The field contributes to their movement and settling on the pipe walls. After purification, the gas moves to the outlet. At large-scale thermal power plants, it is possible to capture 99 percent of the ash contained in the exhaust gases.
Mixing
Due to the negative or positive charge of small particles, their connection is obtained. The particles are distributed very evenly. For example, in the production of bread, it is not necessary to perform laborious mechanical processes to knead the dough. The grains of flour, which are pre-charged with a positive charge, enter with the help of air into a specially designed chamber. There, they interact with water drops, negatively charged and already containing yeast. They are attracted. The result is a homogeneous dough.
Conclusion
When studying physics at school, more attention should be paid to the practical application of physical knowledge in everyday life. At school, students should be introduced to the physical phenomena that underlie the operation of household appliances. Particular attention should be paid to the possible negative impact of household appliances on the human body. In physics lessons, students should be taught how to use instructions for electrical appliances. Before allowing a child to use a household electrical appliance, adults should make sure that the child has firmly mastered the safety rules for handling it. In order to avoid most unpleasant everyday situations, we need physical knowledge!
Physics is an exact and complex science. Therefore, the question arises, is there anyone in the 21st century to advance further in this science, study it more deeply and pay special attention?
I think that the bench is not yet empty, there are many universities with faculties studying this subject, and therefore people who are engaged in this science, of course, not everyone wants to connect their lives with physics, but when getting an education or already choosing a profession, physics can be a significant factor which will determine who you will be in the future. After all, physics is one of the most amazing sciences! Physics is developing so intensively that even the best teachers face great difficulties when they have to talk about modern science.
Helen Czerski
Physicist, oceanographer, presenter of popular science programs on the BBC.
When it comes to physics, we present some formulas, something strange and incomprehensible, unnecessary ordinary person. We may have heard something about quantum mechanics and cosmology. But between these two poles lies precisely everything that makes up our everyday life: planets and sandwiches, clouds and volcanoes, bubbles and musical instruments. And they are all governed by a relatively small number of physical laws.
We can constantly observe these laws in action. Take, for example, two eggs - raw and boiled - and spin them, and then stop. The boiled egg will remain motionless, the raw one will begin to rotate again. This is because you only stopped the shell, and the liquid inside continues to rotate.
This is a clear demonstration of the law of conservation of angular momentum. Simplified, it can be formulated as follows: starting to rotate around a constant axis, the system will continue to rotate until something stops it. This is one of the fundamental laws of the universe.
It comes in handy not only when you need to distinguish a boiled egg from a raw one. It can also be used to explain how the Hubble Space Telescope, being without any support in space, aims the lens at a certain part of the sky. It just has spinning gyroscopes inside, which essentially behave the same as a raw egg. The telescope itself rotates around them and thus changes its position. It turns out that the law, which we can test in our kitchen, also explains the device of one of the most outstanding technologies of mankind.
Knowing the basic laws governing our daily life, we stop feeling helpless.
To understand how the world around us works, we must first understand its basics -. We have to understand that physics is not just weird scientists in laboratories or complicated formulas. It is right in front of us, available to everyone.
Where to start, you might think. Surely you noticed something strange or incomprehensible, but instead of thinking about it, you told yourself that you are an adult and you do not have time for this. Chersky advises not to dismiss such things, but to start with them.
If you don't want to wait for something interesting to happen, put raisins in your soda and see what happens. Watch spilled coffee dry up. Tap the spoon on the edge of the cup and listen for the sound. Finally, try dropping the sandwich so that it doesn't fall butter-side down.
In 1687, the famous English scientist Sir Isaac Newton published a book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy". This book describes the three laws of motion that formed the basis of classical mechanics.
What most people don't realize is that Newton's laws can be applied to increase productivity, simplify work, and achieve success. How? Let's tell now!
Newton's first law.
Every body continues to be held in a state of rest or uniform and rectilinear motion, as long as and insofar as it is not compelled by applied forces to change this state.
Inertia is the fundamental law of the universe.
In other words, a body in motion tends to stay in motion - and vice versa, if a body is not moving, it tends to remain motionless.
This law is fully applicable to our productivity. If bodies at rest tend to rest further, then without getting up from the sofa, we will not achieve anything!
It turns out that the main thing is to start doing something? Yes! The most important thing is to pick up and start. And once you start, it will be much easier for you to stay on the move.
To overcome inertia, find a way to get started on a task in less than two minutes.
Please note that we are not talking about the completion of the work. In fact, you don't even have to work directly. But thanks to Newton's first law, you will often find that once you start this small part of the task within two minutes, it will be much easier to keep going.
Motivation often comes after starting work. Find a way to start small. Having accelerated, you yourself will be surprised how easy it is for you to do everything!
Newton's second law.
The change in momentum is proportional to the applied driving force and occurs in the direction of the straight line along which this force acts.
In other words, force equals mass times acceleration. Let's see how this equation can be applied to productivity.
It is important to understand: force is a vector. And the vector is composed of the magnitude (applied efforts) and the direction of these same efforts.
That is, if you want to accelerate an object in a certain direction, then both the amount of efforts and their direction affect the situation.
All this can be applied in life!
If you want to be more productive, you need to think not only about how hard you work, but also about where you put your efforts. This applies equally to important life decisions and small daily tasks.
Simply put, you have a strictly defined amount of power to do the job. And the direction of this force is as important as the quantity.
Newton's third law.
An action always has an equal and opposite reaction, otherwise the interactions of two bodies on each other are equal and directed in opposite directions.
Each of us has our own average speed of doing something. Your level of productivity and efficiency is the balance of the productive and unproductive forces in your life.
What are the forces of productivity and unproductivity?
The forces of productivity are concentration, positive attitude and motivation. And the forces of unproductivity are stress, lack of sleep, and trying to do ten things at once.
If you want to become more efficient and productive, you have two options:
1.Put in more effort, that is, increase the amount of force. You'll work harder, have another cup of coffee, and work harder.
Obviously, this will only work until you burn out. Increasing strength can work well, but only for a short period.
2. Eliminate opposing forces. Simplify your life, learn to speak "No", reduce the number of responsibilities.
In other words, eliminate everything that is holding you back. Having got rid of the opposing forces, you will see that now your efforts (the same, not increased!) Are enough to do a much larger amount of work.
The second option is much simpler and more efficient. But most people instinctively choose the former because they don't think about Newton's laws.
So:
1. A moving body tends to keep moving. Find a way to get started within two minutes.
1. Strive not only to work hard, but to work on the right things. Your powers are limited. The direction of their application is also important.
3. Productivity is a balance of opposing forces. If you want to be more productive, you can either "push through" obstacles, or eliminate the forces of opposition. The second option is less stressful.
No sphere human activity not without the exact sciences. And no matter how complex human relationships are, they also come down to these laws. offers to remember the laws of physics that a person encounters and experiences every day of his life.
The simplest but most important law is The law of conservation and transformation of energy.
The energy of any closed system remains constant for all processes occurring in the system. And we are in such a closed system and we are. Those. how much we give, so much we get. If we want to get something, we must give the same amount before that. And nothing else!
And we, of course, want to get a big salary, but not go to work. Sometimes an illusion is created that “fools are lucky” and happiness falls on their heads for many. Read any fairy tale. Heroes constantly have to overcome huge difficulties! Then swim in the cold water, then in boiling water.
Men attract the attention of women with courtship. The women, in turn, take care of these men and the children. And so on. So, if you want to get something, take the trouble to give first.
The force of action is equal to the force of reaction.
This law of physics reflects the previous one, in principle. If a person has committed a negative act - conscious or not - and then received a response, i.e. opposition. Sometimes cause and effect are separated in time, and you can not immediately understand where the wind is blowing from. We must, most importantly, remember that nothing just happens.
The Law of the Lever.
Archimedes exclaimed: Give me a foothold and I will move the Earth!". Any weight can be carried if you choose the right lever. You should always estimate how long the lever will be needed in order to achieve this or that goal and draw a conclusion for yourself, set priorities: do you need to spend so much effort to create the right lever and move this weight, or is it easier to leave it alone and do other activities.
The gimlet rule.
The rule is that indicates the direction of the magnetic field. This rule answers the eternal question: who is to blame? And he points out that we ourselves are to blame for everything that happens to us. No matter how insulting it is, no matter how difficult it is, no matter how unfair it may seem at first glance, we must always be aware that we ourselves were the cause from the very beginning.
law of the nail.
When a person wants to hammer in a nail, he does not knock somewhere near the nail, he knocks exactly on the head of the nail. But the nails themselves do not climb into the walls. You must always choose the right hammer so as not to break the nail with a sledgehammer. And when scoring, you need to calculate the blow so that the hat does not bend. Keep it simple, take care of each other. Learn to think about your neighbor.
And finally, the law of entropy.
Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. In other words, the more chaos in the system, the greater the entropy. A more precise formulation: in spontaneous processes occurring in systems, entropy always increases. As a rule, all spontaneous processes are irreversible. They lead to real changes in the system, and it is impossible to return it to its original state without expending energy. At the same time, it is impossible to repeat exactly (100%) its initial state.
To better understand what kind of order and disorder we are talking about, let's set up an experiment. Pour black and white pellets into a glass jar. Let's put in the blacks first, then the whites. The pellets will be arranged in two layers: black on the bottom, white on top - everything is in order. Then shake the jar several times. The pellets will mix evenly. And no matter how much we then shake this jar, we are unlikely to be able to achieve that the pellets are again arranged in two layers. Here it is, entropy in action!
The state when the pellets were arranged in two layers is considered ordered. The state when the pellets are evenly mixed is considered disordered. It takes almost a miracle to return to an ordered state! Or repeated painstaking work with pellets. And it takes almost no effort to wreak havoc in a bank.
Car wheel. When it is inflated, it has an excess free energy. The wheel can move, which means it works. This is the order. What if you puncture a wheel? The pressure in it will drop, the free energy will "leave" in environment(dissipates), and such a wheel will no longer be able to work. This is chaos. To return the system to its original state, i.e. to put things in order, you need to do a lot of work: glue the camera, mount the wheel, pump it up, etc., after which this is again a necessary thing that can be useful.
Heat is transferred from a hot body to a cold one, and not vice versa. reverse process theoretically possible, but practically no one will undertake to do this, since it will require enormous efforts, special installations and equipment.
Also in society. People are getting old. Houses are crumbling. Rocks sink into the sea. The galaxies are scattered. Any reality surrounding us spontaneously tends to disorder.
However, people often talk about disorder as freedom: No, we do not want order! Give us such freedom that everyone can do what they want!» But when everyone does what they want, this is not freedom - this is chaos. In our time, many praise disorder, promote anarchy - in a word, everything that destroys and divides. But freedom is not in chaos, freedom is precisely in order.
Organizing his life, a person creates a reserve of free energy, which he then uses to implement his plans: work, study, recreation, creativity, sports, etc. In other words, it opposes entropy. Otherwise, how could we have accumulated so many material values over the past 250 years?!
Entropy is a measure of disorder, a measure of the irreversible dissipation of energy. The more entropy, the more disorder. A house where no one lives is falling into disrepair. Iron rusts over time, the car gets old. Relationships that no one cares about will break down. So is everything else in our life, absolutely everything!
The natural state of nature is not equilibrium, but an increase in entropy. This law works inexorably in the life of one person. He does not need to do anything to increase his entropy, this happens spontaneously, according to the law of nature. In order to reduce entropy (disorder), you need to make a lot of effort. This is a kind of slap in the face to stupidly positive people (under a lying stone and water does not flow), of which there are quite a lot!
Maintaining success requires constant effort. If we do not develop, then we degrade. And to keep what we had before, we must do more today than we did yesterday. Things can be kept in order and even improved: if the paint on a house has faded, it can be repainted, and even more beautiful than before.
People should try to "pacify" the arbitrary destructive behavior that prevails in modern world everywhere, to try to reduce the state of chaos, which we also dispersed to grandiose limits. And this physical law and not just chitchat about depression and negative thinking. Everything either develops or degrades.
A living organism is born, develops and dies, and no one has ever observed that after death it revives, becomes younger and returns to the seed or womb. When they say that the past never returns, then, of course, they mean, first of all, these vital phenomena. The development of organisms sets the positive direction of the arrow of time, and the change from one state of the system to another always occurs in the same direction for all processes without exception.
Valerian Chupin
Source of information: Tchaikovsky.News
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Wealth modern society grows, and will grow to an ever greater extent, primarily by universal labor. Industrial capital was the first historical form of social production, when universal labor began to be intensively exploited. And first, the one that he got for free. Science, as Marx observed, cost nothing to capital. Indeed, not a single capitalist paid a reward to either Archimedes, or Cardano, or Galileo, or Huygens, or Newton for the practical use of their ideas. But it is precisely industrial capital that, on a mass scale, begins to exploit mechanical technology, and thus the general labor embodied in it. Marx K, Engels F. Soch., vol. 25, part 1, p. 116.