What is the position of the Russian language in the modern world. The role and functions of the Russian language in the modern world
Any language, including our native Russian, exists, performing several of its main functions, which are designed to ensure processes in society:
- communications,
- information,
- knowledge, etc.
In accordance with these processes, and also due to the exclusively human properties and features of existence, such functions can be combined into some system, which we will analyze by examples.
Among the most important modern features applies communicative. Since language has long been used to store and transmit any information, the largest part of such information that circulates in society is presented in its linguistic form. The language performs in communicative function dominant role.
The means of expression here can be types of speech:
As well as non-linguistic means (gestures, facial expressions, etc.).
Close to it there is cognitive a function that performs cognitive tasks, namely: the use of language in order to preserve and subsequently transmit knowledge.
In the functional system of any language, its cumulative, i.e. "accumulative" function, through which knowledge or information is not only stored and transmitted, but also collected, refracted and "sorted".
- For example, in speech or writing, in addition to the exchange of information, we may be puzzled by some effect on the interlocutor. Such a function would be called voluntarily and pursue a variety of goals - from persuasion, consolation to denunciation, agitation, etc.
- Fully corresponding to the task of emotional impact on a person is emotive function of the language, which operates through the use of special emotional and expressive means in speech - words and intonation. (e.g., interjections - oh, ah, wow)
The tasks of communication may not always include the transfer or receipt of information, there are options when only the goal of simply establishing contacts prevails. In such situations, the speech of the communicants can be limited only to phrases - “how are you?”, “Come on”, words - “uh-huh”, “yes”, etc.
Did you like it? Do not hide your joy from the world - shareRussian is the language of the richest fiction, global importance which is exceptionally large. The Russian alphabet formed the basis of the writing of many young languages, and the Russian language became the second native language of the non-Russian population Russian Federation. There is a constant process of mutual enrichment of the Russian language and the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation.
In the last decade, there has been a certain decline in interest in the Russian language in the far abroad. But today more and more people are turning to it again. On the one hand, they are interested in Russian culture, and on the other hand, this is a purely pragmatic interest, because the Russian language allows them to cooperate with Russian businessmen and build business relations on a long-term basis. First of all, this concerns cooperation within the CIS. After all, the Russian language, as it was the language of interethnic communication during the Soviet era, has remained so.
The Russian language continues to arouse interest in modern world. According to publications in the Russian press, the number of citizens of the United States, France, Spain, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Korea who began to study the Russian language and literature, in recent times increased several times.
The main source of its development, processing and polishing was the creative creativity of the Russian people, especially generations of Russians and all Russian figures in science, politics, technology, culture and literature - the Russian language has become a highly developed, rich, historically balanced language.
The Russian language is not only official language Russian Federation. It is one of the world languages, that is, such languages that serve as a means of international communication between the peoples of different states. Of the more than two and a half thousand languages known in the world, international communication is provided by a group of the most developed world languages, the so-called club of world languages. The nomination of a language to the role of the world is determined by the universal significance of the culture created in this language. The status of a language as a world language is legally secured by recognizing it as the official or working language of international organizations or conferences (UN, UNESCO, etc.). Thus, the Russian language is recognized as one of the six official languages of the UN along with English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese and French; the most important international treaties and agreements are written on it. The Russian language is studied in most countries. Russian language teachers are united by the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature (MAPRYAL).
At present, the degree of prevalence of the Russian language still ranks fourth in the world. leading the way English language(for an estimated 500 million people it is their first or second language and over 1 billion more people speak it as a foreign language) and Chinese (it is spoken - almost exclusively as a mother tongue - by over 1,350 million people). The third place is occupied by Spanish (it is spoken by about 360 million people, including an estimated 335 million as their native language).
Thus, the huge role of the Russian language in the modern world is determined by its cultural value, its power and majesty.
Russian language - it combines the power of the people, its centuries-old history, the culture of many generations and the original traditions of the nation. For every person native language- this is not only a means of communication or information transfer, but also an invaluable gift that was passed on to him by his ancestors.
Russian language as a cultural phenomenon
It was in Russian that unsurpassed literary works, Mendeleev and Lomonosov, Pushkin and Lermontov, Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov spoke it.
The Russian language has a rich history, foreign tribes tried to assimilate it many times, but still, like the Russian people, it was able to maintain its independence, strength and power.
The Russian language is extremely multifaceted - it can easily convey all the feelings that arise in human soul, thoughts and desires.
Modern Russian
In addition to the basic functions that are inherent in every language, the Russian language has another very important purpose - it is a unifying link for many peoples and nations. Russia is a multinational country, each ethnic group has its own language, but often each of them provides an opportunity to communicate with a certain group of people.
The Russian language erases this obstacle. Also Russian is international language communication between the Slavic countries: Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Georgia.
According to the total number of people who speak it, the Russian language ranks 6th in the world. More than 200 million people consider it their native language, and the number of those who speak it reaches 360 million. In more than 10 countries, the Russian language has the status of an official language, among them are Russia, Belarus, Abkhazia, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan.
It is noteworthy that according to the laws of New York, official documents in the city must be published along with English, also in Russian, since the Russian diaspora in this city is growing every year. Despite the fact that in many independent countries of the post-Soviet space Russian does not have the status of an official language, it is spoken by about 50% of the population.
Unfortunately, among the Russian diaspora there is a tendency to reduce Russian-speaking youth: children in Everyday life communicate not in the language of their parents, but in the language taught at school and communicated in public places. However, among the youth of the post-Soviet countries, the Russian language acquires a literary coloring.
The generations born during the Soviet era speak mainly in dialects, with the use of various sound distortions. The speech of the younger generation is cleaner, even taking into account modern slang.
Problems of the modern Russian language
At the moment, the Russian language is experiencing a kind of crisis: it is saturated profanity, Americanisms and numerous jargons.
Very often there are cases when a distorted language is very actively promoted by means of mass media, as well as high-ranking officials who make many mistakes in their speech, without attaching absolutely any importance to this, although the role of language in the life of society is enormous and its impact is very strong.
Illiteracy also distinguishes modern Russian music of the popular genre, which is oriented towards immature rising generations. Over time, the meaningless set of words inherent in many songs will become an element of youth communication.
Language refers to those social phenomena that serve as a means of communication between people. First of all, people of the Russian nation communicate in Russian. Consequently, the main function of the Russian language is to be the language of national communication, i.e., the national language.
In accordance with Article 68 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian language is considered the state language throughout its territory. Until 1991, the concept of "state language" was not used, and the Russian language had the status of an international language. All the functions necessary for the state language were assigned to it. It has been widely used in the field business communication, education, it was the language of science and scientific communication, was used in the media, in legal proceedings, etc.
Since the Russian Federation is a multinational state (in 2001 it included 176 nations and ethnic groups), the Russian language serves as a means of communication between representatives of different nations and nationalities living on its territory.
The emergence, formation, development, as well as the functioning of any language, including Russian, in interethnic communication is a complex and multifaceted process, depending on a complex of linguistic and social factors.
The status of the language of interethnic communication (since 1922), and this is another function of the Russian language - to be the language of interethnic communication, the Russian language received for a number of reasons.
- linguistic reasons.
- ethno-linguistic reasons.
- The Russian nation is the most numerous on the territory of the Russian Federation;
- The Russian language is widely spoken outside of Russia;
- The Russian language has enriched other early written languages, on the basis of which writing has been created for more than 70 languages;
- The Russian nation is characterized by a highly developed economy and efficient technology in many branches of technology.
The third important function of the Russian language in the modern world is to be the language of international communication.
The Russian language is accepted into the World Languages Club, along with English, Arabic, French, Spanish, Chinese. These languages are considered official languages international organizations such as the UN, UNESCO, IAEA. The largest international conferences and symposiums are held in these languages, official documents, bulletins, special journals are published, Internet sites are created, and television and radio broadcasts are conducted. The Russian language as a world language ensures communication during meetings on highest level and at international conferences.
Russian is the language of one of largest centers international education. Knowledge of the Russian language contributes to the career growth of specialists in various fields of knowledge around the world. The Russian language provides access not only to the riches of science and culture in Russia, but also in other countries, acting as a kind of intermediary between different nations. After all, a significant part of scientific and fiction literature published in the world is translated into Russian.
Despite some decline in interest in the Russian language during the perestroika and post-perestroika periods, the situation has stabilized since the late 1990s: the Russian language is studied abroad in universities and secondary schools. educational institutions like second or third foreign language.
Of course, the place of the Russian language in the education system in to a large extent determines the state policy of Russia and other states, relations between countries.
The spread of the Russian language abroad is facilitated by a number of organizations: the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature (MAPRYAL), the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature (OLRS). And the activities of these organizations, in turn, help to form a positive image of Russia in the world through acquaintance with the language and culture of the people.
Russian language in the modern world. Russian language - National language of the Russian people, the state language of the Russian Federation and the language of interethnic communication
If you look around, you can find a lot of things created by the mind and hands of man: radio, telephone, car, ship, plane, rocket ...
But the most amazing and wise thing that humanity has created is language. Almost all people on Earth can speak. They speak different languages, but all languages have the same task - to help people understand each other when communicating, when working together.
Without language, the life of a person, people, society is impossible; development of science, technology, art. The meaning of language (speech, words) is noted by many Russian proverbs.
The human word arrows are sharper.
Good speech is good to listen to.
A bullet will hit one, but a well-aimed word will hit a thousand.
The wind destroys the mountains, the word of the people raises.
On this topic, there are also a number of statements by famous figures in literature, philosophy, art.
Language is the key to all knowledge and all nature (G. R. Derzhavin).
Writing gives strength to the flying word, conquers space and time (Ya. K. Grot).
It is impossible for him to glorify himself, who does not know grammatical properties and rules (A.P. Sumarokov).
Language refers to those social phenomena that operate throughout the existence human society. The main purpose (or function) of language is to serve as a means of communication, communication. Language is inextricably linked with thinking, human consciousness, serves as a means of forming and expressing our thoughts and feelings.
There are more than two thousand languages on our planet. Among them, the Russian language is one of the most common. It includes all the variety of language means used in communication between people. Despite the fact that the languages differ from each other, nevertheless, each of them has "relatives" among other languages. The Russian language, like Ukrainian and Belarusian, belongs to the East Slavic languages. The languages of this group have the same source of origin - the Old Russian language. Hence - a number of close features (in particular, the similarity vocabulary: nouns - Russian "protein", Ukrainian "bilok", Belarusian "byalok"; adjectives - Russian "white", Ukrainian "bily", Belarusian "white"; verbs - Russian "whiten", Ukrainian "bility", Belarusian "belets").