The development of education in India. Education in India under the state program
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The structure of secondary education
Children start going to school at the age of four. Teaching is often conducted in English.
The first stage of education is ten years, the second - two years. This concludes compulsory secondary education. The next three years can be studied both at school (preparation for entering the university) and vocational college(here students receive an average special education). There are also specialized craft schools where, after eight to ten years of study, the student, along with secondary education, receives any profession in demand: seamstresses, mechanics, locksmiths.
AT high school students receive general general education, then they move on to high school, where they are divided into two profiles: classical education and vocational education. Different Indian states have different levels of education. The Certificate of Secondary Education is issued by the Indian Schools Certificate Board.
The passing of the subject is evaluated by indicators, among which level 1 is the highest mark, and level 9 is the lowest. A certificate can only be issued upon passing exams within levels 1 to 7.
The standard grade for the internal exam in the subject “Socially useful, industrial work and citizenship” (abbreviation SSW and GV) is determined by the indicator in letters, among which A is the highest grade, and E is the lowest. A certificate can only be issued upon passing an exam within levels A to D.
Students who are issued a certificate must pass internal examinations at their school with a "satisfactory" in the following subjects: second language (Hindi) - oral exam, third language (Sanskrit) - passing the material from 5th to 8th grade, art, physical education, moral and spiritual values. A certificate of passing exams is issued to students who have passed a standard of exams in at least 5 subjects, which must include an English language exam. A certificate of passing examinations is not issued until students have reached the percentage score levels in the Social, Industrial and Citizenship subject, which they must pass within their school.
High school or high school includes classical and technical subjects, although in most Indian states, technical education is also available in colleges. One-year and two-year programs developed technical training after the eighth and tenth grade, then students can get industrial training. In addition, in India there are vocational schools and courses in health and nursing, home economics courses, entrepreneurship courses for starting a business, training young people to work in various professional fields and graduating service workers. This is how the labor force is trained in the Indian states. Most vocational education and training programs are public. In private educational institutions, funds for them are also sponsored by the state. Students pay only part of their tuition by paying a nominal tuition fee (approximately 50 rupees per year). The training is financed by the Department of Vocational Education under the Committee for School Education and the Committee for Technical Education under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, which monitor the progress of vocational and technical education programs. After two years of study, students take exams administered by the various State Boards of Secondary/General Upper Secondary Education. The written assignments they complete during their studies do not affect their final grade: it is the sum of the scores they receive in the final exam administered by the Council.
In modern India, the hallmark of the development of education is the emphasis that the education instilled in our children will determine the character of the nation in the future.
"teacher-student" system
Ancient Hindu treatises display research process learning, where teachers and students jointly search for the truth, reasoning and resorting to questions. However, these texts only captured an even earlier oral tradition, in which the relationship between gurus (teachers) and shishyas (disciples) became almost the main religious component of Hinduism. In traditional Indian texts, some teach, others learn, and not always teaching initially higher in position.
In the gurukul system, anyone who wanted to learn went to the guru's house and asked to be taught. If the guru accepted him as a shishya, the newly minted disciple helped him around the house, at the same time learning how to manage. And the guru, meanwhile, talked about everything that the child wanted to know: from Sanskrit to sacred texts and from mathematics to metaphysics. The student stayed with him as long as he wanted, until the guru felt that he had already taught him everything that he himself knew. Learning was natural, vital and did not come down to memorizing individual information.
In general, the Indian way of teaching is understood as a sacred duty, a mission, an ethical act, a social obligation, on the proper implementation of which the well-being of society depends. The teacher leads the student from the darkness of ignorance to the light of knowledge, removes the lid from the lamp of learning and releases the light. The Sanskrit andhakara ('darkness') means not just intellectual ignorance, but spiritual blindness, which the teacher should be able to eliminate. The ancient philosophy of education even considered knowledge to be the third eye of man.
Today, the very word "Teacher" sounds very respectable in India, because everyone understands the importance of the role of such a person both for education and for society throughout the country. Teacher's Day is celebrated on September 5, the birthday of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and is a tribute to the memory of the great teacher.
In India, educators are friendly, open minded, inspire students and help them a lot in building their careers. Behind the fame of many Indians is the enormous contribution of their teachers, and among the teachers themselves there are many famous people. Indian professors are famous for not only lecturing, but also helping their audience to build relationships with what they are studying. subject area(including after class and additional courses). Thanks to this integrated approach, students become more interesting to learn, it is easier to be curious and more free to create.
By the way, the Gurukul system has not disappeared in India until now. Modern gurus are considered the embodiments of knowledge, ethics and care, and in the image of shishya the strong-willed component has increased, but it is still a respectful student who considers his teacher a beacon illuminating the right path.
india education guru supreme
Higher education
Higher education can be obtained at 221 universities in the country. Among them, 16 are central universities, and the rest operate in accordance with the acts of the states. The total number of colleges in the country is 10555.
In addition to the traditional ones, there are universities in India with a pronounced specificity: Visva Bharati; Indira Kala Sangith in Hairagarh, where they introduce exclusively Indian music; Rabindra Bharati in Kolkata, which focuses on teaching Bengali and Tagore studies; women's university in Bombay.
Among universities there are small (from 1-3 thousand students) and giants (more than 100 thousand students). There are universities with one specialty and one faculty, there are universities with many faculties.
The largest universities in India are: Calcutta (150 thousand students), Bombay (Mumbai, 150 thousand), Rajasthan (150 thousand), Delhi (130 thousand), M.K. Gandhi (150 thousand).
Technical education plays an extremely important role in India's national economy and human resource development. Over the past half century, this area of education has developed significantly. Currently, 185 institutes offer graduate programs in engineering and technical disciplines, which enroll 16,800 students annually. In addition to state institutes and institutes of technology in the states, there are those that are jointly run by the central and state governments, as well as private institutions. All of them are recognized by the regulatory body in the field of higher technical education - the All India Council for Technical Education, founded by the Government of India.
Among the main institutes that train technologists and managers are technical institutes in Mumbai, Delhi, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Chennai and Guwahati, as well as six management institutes in Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Bangalore, Lucknow, Indore and Calicut. It takes three years to complete a first university degree.
Within the system higher education India has three levels of qualifications principles:
*Bachelor / Undergraduate level,
*Master / Postgraduate level,
*Doctoral / Pre-doctoral level.
Undergraduate - Bachelor / Undergraduate level
It takes 3 years to complete a Bachelor's Degree in Arts, Commerce and Sciences (after a 12-year cycle of schooling)
Bachelor in Agriculture, Dentistry, Pharmacopoeia, Veterinary Medicine - 4 years
Bachelor in Architecture and Medicine - 5-5 and a half years
Completely different terms for obtaining a Bachelor's degree in journalism, library science and law - from 3-5 years, depending on the type of degree.
Master - Master's / Post-graduate level
Obtaining a master's degree usually takes two years. The curriculum may include either attending classes and/or directly writing a research paper.
Doctorate - Doctoral / Pre-doctoral level
At the Pre-doctoral level (Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.)) enrollment occurs after the completion of the master's degree. This program may involve either attending classes and writing a research paper, or focusing entirely on writing a research paper.
The Doctorate (PhD) degree is awarded after an additional two years following the completion of the M.Phil. or three years after receiving the Master's degree.
The doctoral program includes original research writing
Level of education (statistical indicators)
At present, the number of literate people is 562.01 million, of which 75% are men and 25% are women.
According to statistics in India, only 5-6% of the total number of young people aged 17-23 study in higher education, it seems a little, but nevertheless it is more than 6.5 million students. In recent years, the number of students studying engineering and technical specialties prevails, while about 40% of students study the humanities.
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The education system in modern India, on the one hand, is constantly being improved in accordance with the latest innovative developments in education, and on the other hand, it is rooted in the depths of centuries, in the tradition shishya guru the transfer of knowledge from teacher to student.
According to the Hindu concept of the four stages of life, ashrams, apprenticeship period, brahmacharya, was one of the main stages human life, without the proper implementation of which a person simply could not take place in life and fulfill his destiny.
In those located at monasteries or directly at the teacher's house, guru ancient Indian schools called gurukula, high-born students studied the basics of Hinduism and philosophy, Ayurveda and astrology for free, memorized huge passages from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, got acquainted with Sanskrit classical literature and the art of government, and also acquired weapons skills. It was believed that the guru gives his disciples a second birth, and therefore he should be revered on an equal footing with his father and mother. At the end of the course, students were required to guru-dakshina, a rite of gratitude to the teacher, which could consist both in the offering of valuable gifts or money to the guru, and in the unquestioning execution of his will.
The system of universities also developed in ancient India, among which educational institutions in Takshashila (Taksila) (according to some dates, 5th century BC, now belongs to Pakistan) and Nalanda University on the territory of modern Bihar (5th century BC) can be distinguished. AD).
The difficult history of India could not but affect educational traditions. And today, along with secular, public and private, paid and free, schools are functioning big number religious educational institutions, which can be located at temples or separately - Hindu ashrams, Muslim madrasah, Sikh gurudwar, Christian boarding houses. During the British rule in India, the British system of education, both school and higher, became widespread, the active introduction of which in the 1830s. Lord Thomas Bebington Macaulay began. The Nobel Prize in Literature, received by Rabindranath Tagore in 1913, allowed the great poet to turn the school he had previously founded for peasant children in Shantineketan into India's first free university, which still operates to this day.
The education system in independent India consists of three main levels - primary (compulsory for everyone, covers children 6-14 years old), secondary (passing compulsory exams is divided into two levels, 2 and 2+, covers children 14-18 years old) and higher. The main tasks facing the state bodies that control the education system is the universal distribution primary education, accessibility of education for representatives of all social strata, regardless of gender, as well as improving the quality of primary and secondary education. There is an opportunity to receive education both in one of the state and regional languages, which also extends to education in a number of universities - most often, those that work not at the federal level, but at the state level.
In terms of the number of universities and the prevalence of higher education, India ranks 3rd in the world after the USA and China. Many Indian universities are world famous - the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), the Indian Institute of Management (IIM), the Institute Mathematical Sciences Chennai Mathematical Institute (CMI), Allahabad Agricultural Institute (new name Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technologies and Sciences Allahabad, AAIDU), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), etc.
In addition to full-time education, many universities in India offer distance learning (both at the level of individual special courses and at the level of obtaining a full-fledged higher education), including for foreign students. Distance programs also exist on the basis of several universities at once, united specifically to prepare such programs (for example, joint distance programs under the brand name "Virtual University" (Virtual University) are at the universities of Madras, Calcutta and Mumbai).
Education at a university for Indians can be both paid and free, which may depend not only on the level of preparation (there are a number of free universities and places, students who have received highest scores, can automatically receive scholarships for education), but sometimes also on the origin of the student (a system of quotas for places for representatives of various social groups, reggons, tribes, etc.).
Among foreigners, Indian universities enjoy a long and well-deserved popularity. Traditionally, many students come to study in India from neighboring countries of South Asia, as well as from the African continent. Students from all over the world traditionally go to study in India in a number of areas in which India occupies a leading position in the world (primarily in the fields of information and innovative technologies). This is largely facilitated by a well-thought-out policy in the field of higher education - teaching in English, international diplomas, reasonable prices for studying and living in the country.
Entry requirements for foreigners can vary greatly depending on the particular institution or course chosen, however, almost all major federal universities offer programs for international students at the bachelor's degree (B.A.), master's degree (MA), and often postgraduate education (M .Phil., PhD., etc.). A system of short-term trainings in specific specializations and summer schools has also been developed. In some cases, foreign students also have the opportunity to receive a scholarship for study, both directly from the university, and from private or public funds. All information about these numerous opportunities can be found on the websites of the universities of interest.
There are also government funding programs for studying in India for foreigners who work on a competitive basis. The main coordinator of such programs around the world is the Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR). In Russia, information about existing programs, requirements for candidates, as well as the timing of competitions can also be found on the website of the Embassy of the Republic of India in the Russian Federation. At the same time, potential students are provided with the widest range of opportunities to receive grants - both for a full-fledged course of study (ICCR scholarship), and for short-term courses for retraining or advanced training in specific specialties under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Program (ITEC program). The ICCR grant competition takes place annually, usually in winter, and you can apply for an ITEC scholarship several times a year.
It is important to note that Indian scholarship programs may be of interest not only to students involved in fundamental disciplines, but also to students of creative specialties. The Indian government provides grants for education in Indian schools of dance, music, etc.
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Studying in India, where such sharp contrasts between wealth and poverty, would seem to lose all interest for an immigrant. However, the practice of studying in this exotic country shows very different results. A large enrollment flow annually rushes towards India. The goal of every potential student is a good education for little money, in the future - life abroad.
History of Indian education and basic principles
The history of the development of the education system in India is a long-term stage, the beginning of which, according to various estimates, falls on the 5th century BC. Even then, educational institutions endowed with the properties of a higher school were created in Ancient Taxila.
The ancient city of Taxila was considered the center of higher education in India.. It was there, along with Hindu temples and Buddhist monasteries, that secular institutions first began to be created. These institutions attracted foreigners with training in Indian medicine. However, in addition to the study of living matter, Indian education opened the way to knowledge of logic, grammar, and Buddhist literature.
Education in India began to emerge in the 5th century BC
Ancient education system India supported the principle of the division of society into castes. Depending on belonging to a particular caste, she gave people the necessary knowledge. The modern world has changed somewhat. Indian education in its current form allows you to learn any skill, regardless of the caste of a person.
The country adheres to the main principle of educating its citizens - "10 + 2 + 3". This model provides for 10 years of schooling, 2 years of college, plus 3 more years of study is allocated to the first stage of higher education.
Ten years of school includes 5 years of education in the lower grades, 3 years in the upper grades and 2 years of vocational training.
Features of Indian education
preschool education
The upbringing of Indian children before entering school goes through a system of nurseries and kindergartens. The nursery accepts babies aged 6 months and older. At this stage, the educational process can continue until the age of three. From three to five (six) years old, kids are educated in kindergartens, which are usually the first element of primary school.
Indian educational system from start to finish
In India, there are public and private preschool institutions . Moreover, there are almost 2 times more private kindergartens. The services of municipal children's institutions are usually free of charge, except for small fees for household needs from the administration and donations from parents. However, the quality of education here is lower than in private institutions where parents pay for the service.
... My son went to kindergarten in India, and now he goes to Moscow. My personal opinion is that in an Indian kindergarten, a child is given almost free of charge something for which in Moscow you need to lay out a lot of money. For in the state kindergartens in Moscow, children are not taught, but supported. Moreover, constant fees from the parent committee is not clear for what. At the first opportunity, while in India, I will try to send my son to a local traditional kindergarten. The only problem was food, in Moscow they feed, in India they don’t ...
Nadezda Lisina
http://ttshka.livejournal.com/103803.html?thread=1499771#t1499771
…Classic Indian Kindergarten. Private. But only children from the poorest families go to state kindergartens. Ours costs just over $10 a month. A lot of people can afford this...
http://ttshka.livejournal.com/103803.html?thread=1501563#t1501563
School education in India
Compulsory schooling is required for children between the ages of 5 and 14. The school year in Indian schools begins in late March - early April. Studying in schools is divided into two semesters: April-September, October-March. The longest school holidays are in May-June, when heat (45-55º C) covers many parts of India.
School education is compulsory in India
Compulsory education is a priority of India's public policy. Approximately 80% primary schools owned by the state or supported by the authorities. Education is free. Parents of students pay only small amounts for school needs. All tuition costs are covered by the state.
Indian schools are divided into types:
- municipal,
- state,
- private with state support,
- boarding schools,
- special schools.
Public and non-government schools are managed and funded locally by state governments and local national boards. As a general rule, parents of public school students pay their children's tuition fee once, at the time of admission. Most public schools in India are affiliated with the CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) and ICSE (International Center for Secondary Education) organizations.
Public schools are funded and run solely by the government of the country. This type of institution is characterized by the lowest cost of education services. Maintenance funds are provided by the state and CBSE affiliates operating in the area where the school is located. In public schools, all teachers are male. Students are required to wear school uniforms. Moreover, each school provides students uniform individual style.
Many private Indian schools require uniforms to be worn.
Private schools with state support do not belong to the state, but operate according to the rules established by the Indian authorities. Tuition here varies depending on the level of service and prestige.. Therefore, rates can range from $15 for a month of training to $15 for one day of lessons.
Boarding schools are an educational structure that provides not only conditions for studying, but also for living. Services of boarding schools are paid - from $2300 to $6000 per year.
Special schools in India are designed for children in need of special care with developmental disabilities. Children receive standard or vocational education in special schools, acquire the skills necessary for a fulfilling life.
... Each Indian school has its own school uniform, which includes not only shirts, skirts, jackets and trousers, but even socks, ties and boots. The little ones always wear badges with their name and address ...
Anna Alexandrova
http://pedsovet.su/publ/172-1-0-5156
Video about the school from the lips of an Indian student
high school in india
The stage of study attributable to the senior secondary school course, Indians usually complete in 6 years (12–18). The last two years are considered high-level secondary education with a vocational focus. Already from the age of 15, everyone is given the opportunity to take exams approved by the directives UGC, NCERT, CBSE.
UGC (University Grants Commission) is a university grants commission in Sri Lanka. He is engaged, among other things, in regulating the admission of applicants to universities. NCERT (National Council Of Educational Research) is the national council of educational research. CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) - the central board of secondary education, which approves the examination processes in schools.
The standard examination process is designed for students aged 17-18 (completion of secondary school). Successful completion of the examination procedure is the receipt of a certificate of completed secondary education. The document is necessary for everyone who plans to improve knowledge through the higher school of India.
International Schools
In January 2015, there were over 400 International Class Schools (ISCs) operating in India. International schools provide complete secondary education, usually in English. In addition to school knowledge, ISC students acquire vocational skills.
Many of the international schools are positioned as public. Teaching in such institutions is modeled on British public schools. These are expensive and prestigious educational institutions, among which are, for example, Delhi Public Schools or Frank Anthony Public Schools.
Education in Indian colleges
The number of Indian colleges in 2011 exceeded 33,000 institutions. Of this number, 1800 had the status of women's educational institutions. In fact, this type of educational sites belongs to the country's higher education system. The colleges have organized numerous courses covering the humanities and natural sciences, as well as study courses. foreign languages in particular English. Many colleges are owned by Indian universities. In fact, all of them are the initial stage of university education.
Colleges are usually the entry level of university education.
The priority direction of study in colleges is technical and technological specialties. Also popular are medical education and business management. Technical colleges in India are often referred to as institutes. The list of the best institutes contains more than 500 positions. Here are just the first 5 of the list:
- Indian technological Institute in Bombay.
- Indian Institute of Technology at Madras.
- Kanpur Institute of Technology.
- Tiruchirappalli National Institute of Technology.
- Punjab Institute of Engineering and Technology.
The university education system in India
India's higher education system is second only to China and the United States in terms of scale.. The peak of development of Indian higher education fell on the period 2000-2011. At the end of 2011, more than 40 international universities operated in the country, about 300 state, 90 private. Another 130 educational institutions were at the stage of transition to the university rank. high level education, recognized at the global world level, the following Indian institutions of higher education stand out:
- National Institute of Technology.
- Indian Institute of Information Technology.
- Indian Institute of Management.
- International Institute of Information Technology.
- University of Mumbai.
- Jawaharlal Nehru University.
- Indira Gandhi National Open University.
Admission of students, as a rule, is carried out without exams. The academic year for universities in India starts in August and ends in April. Traditionally, Indian universities taught on the principle of a single semester, covering a period of 10 to 12 months. At the end of each year, students take exams.
Now there is a reform with an eye on European principles. Many higher education institutions have already switched to a scheme of two semesters lasting 5-6 months each. Exams are taken at the end of each semester. English is the main language of instruction for the vast majority of universities. Students are offered a wide choice educational programs. For example, from the following set:
- India - The IT Superpower,
- Sample IT Curricula,
- english training,
- Internship Programs.
...I entered the master's program at Bangalore University. Requires a translation of a Russian diploma (degree certificate) into English (you can do it without a notary and an apostille. We did it in India). At the same time, they are interested in the final score as a percentage. We used to not put interest in diplomas. The result was not even indicated by numbers, but by the words: “good”, “excellent”, “satisfactory” ...
Dhimanika
http://www.indostan.ru/forum/2_7057_4.html#msg363097
Video about Buddhist University of Philosophy
Some popular educational institutions in India
The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) is an institution established by the Ministry of Human Resources Development in the Government of India. Formerly called the National Open School, it was intended to provide education in remote areas of the country. Administers examinations of open schools in rural areas.
Rajkumar College is one of the oldest colleges in India, teaching students on the K-12 system (12-year education with a vocational bias). Located in the center of Rajkot city. The institution was built back in 1868 by a certain Colonel Keating. However, today it has the most modern facilities and a comfortable student hostel.
Indira Gandhi National Open University is a higher education institution run by the Government of India. One of the largest universities, where in addition to standard types education, distance learning is offered. In total, the university provides higher education to more than 4 million students.
The Calcutta Institute of Engineering is in fact the world's largest multidisciplinary engineering professional community. The institute was founded in 1920. And in 1935, the institution was registered by Royal Charter. Students from different countries receive here high-quality higher education in the field of mechanical engineering and other technical areas.
The Indian Institute of Architects is another unique educational institution established in 1917.. The Institute provides professional education in four areas of architectural art. On the basis of the institute, there are numerous courses that teach the basics of urban planning, infrastructure development and other subtleties of the construction sector.
Photo gallery of popular educational institutions in India
The Calcutta Institute of Engineering is a full member of the Royal Charter The administrative building of the Indira Gandhi National Open University is always ready to receive students Rajkumar College has trained many specialists over the years of its activity National Institute of Open School Education - the basis of Indian education in rural areas areas of activity
Video: Indian education in Delhi
Tuition fees in India
Free education in India for Russians, Ukrainians, Kazakhstanis is possible, but only within the framework of the Indian economic program ITEC. Advanced training and internships are the main areas of short-term (2-3 months) education provided by the ITEC program. Everything else is paid at established international rates.
Since 2008, the cost of educational services in India has increased many times over.. Secondary education and vocational education is costing the Indian government more and more each year. The Ministry of Statistics recently published information on this matter.
Spending on Indian education has increased by 175% in a few years
However, for local residents, the cost of Indian higher education remains low.. Indians pay about $300-350 per semester for undergraduate studies at the university. Foreign students pay more - up to $6,000 per academic year.
…When a representative of the Indian consulate in St. Petersburg came to our faculty with a lecture, he strongly recommended the ITEC program. This, of course, cannot be called either a magistracy or a graduate school, but it is free of charge, provided that you are selected ...
winterose
http://ru-india.livejournal.com/824658.html?thread=6673234#t6673234
…Studied for a year at Hyderabad Central University for an MA in Anthropology through ICCR. Education and accommodation are free, they pay a scholarship. Applications must be submitted in January. From good universities: IFLU in Haida, in Pune, Delhi University and J. Nehru University are also in Delhi. Seems like a good one in Pondicherry, and the city is great…
http://ru-india.livejournal.com/824658.html?thread=6672978#t6672978
What are the admission requirements for foreigners?
The step by step process is as follows:
- make a request to an educational institution through any modern means of communication,
- choose the faculty you are interested in,
- apply for admission (by regular mail, online, other way),
- if approved, fill out a temporary application, pay an entry fee of €1000 + €100 service fee,
- receive a certificate confirming the fact of admission,
- apply for a student visa at the Indian Embassy by presenting a certificate of admission,
- fill out a permanent student questionnaire and send it along with a package of documents.
A package of documents for the student's application form (translated into English):
- certificate or diploma
- certified by the administration of the former educational institution, the list of disciplines of the qualifying exam,
- certified copy of the passport,
- student visa (original),
- medical certificate, including HIV test results,
- certificate of knowledge of English (if required by the university),
- medical bill insurance premium for the first year of study in the amount of €45.
Scholarships and grants for Russians and not only
The Government of India approves a package of scholarships and grants for international students every new academic year. Usually, all available scholarship offers are sent to different countries of the world through diplomatic missions. Therefore, all information on state Indian scholarships and grants can be obtained from the embassy or consulate of India.
For Russian, Ukrainian, Kazakh students, scholarships and grants are of interest, which are provided according to the following schemes:
- General Cultural Scholarship Scheme (GCSS) - General Cultural Scholarship Scheme.
- Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) is a scheme of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations.
- Commonwealth Fellowship Plan - Commonwealth Fellowship Scheme (Postgraduate only).
Student Housing and Living Costs
The level of expenses for accommodation, meals, entertainment, etc. directly depends on the location of the student. If you study in cities such as Delhi or Mumbai, you should be prepared for the fact that the standard of living in these cities is comparable to major cities Europe, Australia, USA. In general, the cost of living in India is significantly lower than in other countries of the world.
Common student housing options are campus or private accommodation. The device on student campuses is free only for local citizens. Foreigners have the opportunity to live in dormitories for students, but for a fee - from $60 to $100 per month. Renting an apartment is about $150-200 (two-room apartment in Mumbai). On average, $100–150 is spent on food and other needs per month.
Conditions for obtaining a visa
An immigrant student must have:
- original passport and photocopies of important pages,
- a printout of the visa application form in duplicate, pre-filled online on the website of the Government of India (both copies of the document must be signed),
- one photo sized 2x2 cm, color, on a white background (face completely open, without glasses),
- a letter from the administration of the educational institution where the student entered (indicating the details of the training),
- a photocopy of an identity card issued in the student's country of residence,
- a bank statement showing sufficient funds to study and live in India.
You must also pay all fees associated with the student visa. If accompanying persons are sent to the country with the applicant, they also need to issue an entry permit and a residence permit.
Work while studying, job prospects
For international students in India, there are practically no opportunities for part-time work while studying.. The administration of universities treats work while studying, to put it mildly, unfriendly. But after graduation, graduates have good job prospects. High-tech graduates can always count on profitable contracts. Such specialists are in great demand by foreign companies. Engineers and architects, financiers and technologists are also valued.
... You can't work. The scholarship is tiny, I agree, therefore, the help of parents is needed in any way. You can live in a student hostel or rent an apartment, which is more expensive, but better. Learning is interesting, which covers all the disadvantages ...
http://www.indostan.ru/forum/2_7057_5.html#msg367209
Pros and cons of Indian education (final table)
Studying in India, as demonstrated by student examples, allows you to successfully achieve your goals. The Indian higher school competes on equal terms with the developed countries of the world and is ready to give immigrants a profession in demand. Further, as the students say, is a matter of technology. Work in a reputable international company and attractive life prospects.
Voronezh 2016
1. Education system in India……………………………………………. | |
1.1. History of Indian education and basic principles……………. | |
1.2. School education in India………………………………………... | |
2. Rating of the best Indian universities………………………………………… | |
3. Admission to Indian universities for foreigners……………………….. | |
3.1. Scholarships…………………………………………………………………… | |
4. Living conditions and expenses…………………………………………………. | |
5. Features of culture, traditions………………………………………… | |
6. Pros and cons of Indian education (table)………………….. | |
List of used literature………………………………………... |
Most Russians associate India with relaxation, exotics and downshifting rather than with a country where you can get quality education British pattern. Indian education is quoted all over the world, including in Europe and North America. Proof of this is the many Indian students, graduate students and scholars who later study or work in Western universities. India is called the “supplier of talents”, because scientists from this country make discoveries in various fields. So, over the past 20 years, 6 Indians have been awarded the Nobel Prize. Enroll in good university in India it is very difficult (a large population implies a great competition for admission), and those who succeeded in studying with all zeal and diligence.
Education system in India
History of Indian education and basic principles
The history of the development of the education system in India is a long-term stage, the beginning of which, according to various estimates, falls on the 5th century.
to BC. Even then, educational institutions endowed with the properties of a higher school were created in the ancient city of Taxila. The ancient city of Taxila was considered the center of higher education in India. It was there, along with Hindu temples and Buddhist monasteries, that secular institutions first began to be created. These institutions attracted foreigners with training in Indian medicine. However, in addition to the study of living matter, Indian education opened the way to the knowledge of logic, grammar, and Buddhist literature.
School education in India
The country adheres to the main principle of educating its citizens - "10 + 2 + 3". This model provides for 10 years of schooling, 2 years of college, plus 3 more years of study is allocated to the first stage of higher education.
Ten years of school includes 5 years of education in the lower grades, 3 years in the upper grades and 2 years of vocational training. The education system is clearly illustrated by a plate.
Fig.1. Education system in India.
School education in India is built according to a single scheme. The child starts school at the age of four. Education in the first ten years (secondary education) is free, compulsory and carried out according to the standard general education program. Main disciplines: history, geography, mathematics, computer science and a subject, the free translation of which is denoted by the word "science". From the 7th grade, “science” is divided into biology, chemistry, and physics familiar to Russia. "Politics" is also taught, the equivalent of our natural sciences.
If in the first stage of school education in India the program is the same for everyone, then reaching the age of fourteen and moving to the upper grades (complete secondary education), students make a choice between fundamental and vocational education. Accordingly, there is an in-depth study of the subjects of the chosen course.
Preparation for entering universities takes place in schools. Students who chose professional education, go to colleges and receive secondary specialized education. India is also rich in a large number and variety of craft schools. There, for several years, the student also, in addition to secondary education, receives a profession that is in demand in the country. In schools in India, in addition to the native (regional) language, it is mandatory to study an “additional official” - English. This is explained by the unusually large number of languages of the multinational and numerous Indian people. It is no coincidence that English is the generally accepted language of the educational process; most textbooks are written in it. It is also obligatory to study a third language (German, French, Hindi or Sanskrit).
Schooling takes place six days a week. The number of lessons varies from six to eight per day. Most schools have free meals for children. There are no grades in Indian schools. On the other hand, compulsory general school examinations are held twice a year, and in the senior classes - national ones. All exams are written and taken as tests. The vast majority of teachers in Indian schools are men.
School holidays in India are relatively short. Vacation time falls in December and June. During the summer holidays, which last for a whole month, children's camps open in schools. There, in addition to recreation and entertainment with children, traditional creative cognitive activities.
The Indian school system has both public and private schools. Obtaining secondary school education in public schools is usually free. For children from low-income Indian families, of which there are quite a lot in this country, there are benefits in the form of textbooks, notebooks, and scholarships. Education in private institutions is paid, but the prices for education in them are quite affordable for families, even with low incomes. Feedback on the quality of education often speaks in favor of private schools. There are also elite expensive gymnasiums that work on individual programs.
1.3. Higher education system
India is among the world leaders in terms of the number of universities in the country - it ranks third after the United States and China. There are currently over 700 universities in India. All of them are divided according to the source of funding into 3 main types: central, local (in a particular state) and private. There are also “institutions considered as universities” (deemed universities) - they may be called institutes, colleges, and so on, but, in fact, they are universities and are financed either from the state budget or from private funds. A list of all universities can be found on the website of the University Grant Commission - a commission for the distribution of grants among universities, the main government agency that finances universities. There is also a list of fraudulent universities. The fact is that after India gained independence in 1947, the number of universities began to grow exponentially. This growth continues to this day, and legislation has not kept up with it. Due to gaps in the laws, some universities issue degrees in specialties not approved by the Indian government, so it is recommended to enter a large and reliable university and always check for a license.
India has joined Bologna process, so the education system includes a 3-stage structure:
undergraduate,
magistracy,
Doctorate.
A bachelor of liberal arts degree takes 3 years, a professional bachelor's degree takes 4 years or more (4.5 years for medicine and 5-6 years for jurisprudence). Master's degree takes 2 more years. The time frame required to complete a PhD degree varies depending on the student's ability and their chosen field of study.
There are also many programs, after passing which the student does not receive any of the above degrees, but only a diploma or certificate. The duration of such a program can be from 1 to 3 years. There is no academic prestige here, but you can visit unique courses: Ayurveda, Sanskrit, yoga, Hindi.
No matter how many subjects a student studies in a semester, he will be certified only by four, and the rest are given for self-control. However, it is customary to attend all the lectures that are on the schedule. Teachers strictly monitor attendance and malicious truants may not be allowed to take exams. In the middle of the semester, a preliminary certification is mandatory. In this, the Indian system of higher education is similar to the Russian one.
India is an amazing country. They say that the people who have visited it change forever. Here everything is built on completely different principles that are not accepted in the ordinary world. So, one of the most controversial is the Indian education system. The country is actively fighting the caste system and illiteracy. Of course, we will not consider educational institutions in particular, because many of them cannot be looked at without tears. Let us analyze the whole picture of education in the country and analyze the main aspects.
What can I say, in India education is very difficult. Many people live in extreme poverty and cannot afford the additional costs. The mentality of the inhabitants and the difficult economic situation in the country have their influence. Of course, the relatively recent educational reform has slightly improved the chances of getting an education, but after leaving school, more than half of the children still do not have the necessary funds. If the parents are ready to spend money on the education of the child, then the latter will receive a level of knowledge that will not be lower than the European one. But, unfortunately, living conditions in most schools are deplorable. For example, there are schools where children are forced to sit on the floor, and ordinary stones serve as desks. Instead of a board, there is a regular rectangle drawn on the wall.
Preschool education
There are no kindergartens in India at all (at least in the form we are used to). There, the role of a nanny and teacher until the school bench is often performed by the mother. If both parents are busy at work, then the child has to be left with relatives. In the case when there is no such possibility, then special groups are created that are attached to the preparatory school. At the same time, for greater convenience, children are divided by age and time spent in groups. In principle, daily training in a group with a teacher is enough for a child to get the basics and prepare for school. At the same time, children learn not only the basics of the world, but also languages (Indian and English).
Often, after choosing a group, parents may not worry about going to school, because at the “end” of the next age level, the baby is transferred there automatically. But in some cases, parents still have to “break their heads” over further education for their child.
School
As we have already said, school education in India for children is free, but many wealthy parents still focus on private schools or prestigious state institutions. The cost of training in this case will cost about $ 100 per month. It is worth noting that it is quite difficult to find a quality public school where one could get a good education. In private schools, the quality of education is higher, because there children receive a full amount of knowledge (including language). After graduating from a private institution, the child fully speaks three languages - English, the language of his state and Hindi.
Almost every private educational institution uses individual approaches to learning, innovative methods are used that receive good reviews in the world. A unique feature of absolutely all Indian schools is free meals for children. Of course, you should not dream of a chic menu, but the child gets his sandwich with butter. After choosing a school, parents must “score” a place for themselves, pay an initial fee and collect the papers necessary for admission.
Higher education in India
When it comes to higher education, India is leading the way. It has more than two hundred universities, sixteen of which are considered central. The first place in terms of prestige is occupied by the Nalanda University, which was established in the fifth century AD. It has a unique color and rich history.
There are many specialized universities in India. For example, at Indira Kala Sangith, students are introduced to Indian music, and at Rabinda Bharati, they are introduced to the language of Tagore and Bengali. Of the most prestigious universities, it is worth highlighting Mumbai, Rajasthan, Calcutta and Gandhi University.
In the past few years, universities with a technical focus, which produce highly qualified engineers, have gained particular popularity. Such specialists are becoming more and more in demand in the country, especially against the backdrop of the developing Indian economy. As for the education system in which students study, it almost completely copies the British version. In higher institutions there are three levels - bachelor, master or doctor of science, each of which a student can master.
People in India strive for knowledge, contrary to the stereotypes that have formed about the country in European countries. The only negative is poverty, which complicates the educational process in India.