Formation of healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities. Extracurricular event on the topic: healthy lifestyle for children with disabilities
Rostovtseva Ekaterina Viktorovna,
teacher of school №502 St. Petersburg
Preservation and strengthening of children's health is one of the main strategic tasks of the country.
It is well known that human health is 20% dependent on hereditary factors, 20% on the natural environment, 7-10% on the level of health care, and 50% on a person's lifestyle.
In this regard, the problem of maintaining health and cultivating a culture of a healthy lifestyle in children is extremely relevant.
Health represents a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or developmental defects. Lifestyle - a set of specific forms of life of people in all spheres of public life.
It is possible to identify common conservation tasks health of schoolchildren, characteristic for all programs used for educational institutions:
1. Teach children to determine their state and feelings.
2. Form an active life position.
3. Form ideas about your body, body.
4. Learn to strengthen and maintain your health.
5. Understand the need and role of movements in physical development.
6. Teach safety rules when doing physical exercises and various kinds activities.
7. Be able to provide basic assistance for injuries.
8. To form ideas about what is useful and what is harmful to the body.
Thus, it is necessary to constantly work on the development of self-determination junior schoolchildren, one of its most important components is the preservation and strengthening of the physical, mental, moral and social health.
A healthy lifestyle (HLS) is the basis for disease prevention and health promotion for children and adolescents. The modern concept of a healthy lifestyle defines it as a constant implementation of hygienic rules for strengthening and maintaining individual and public health, conscious of its need.
For schoolchildren, the main components of a healthy lifestyle are rational nutrition, physical activity, restorative and anti-stress activities, good rest, and high medical activity. In today's difficult socio-economic conditions, the absence of these elements in the behavior of a significant part of schoolchildren is a risk factor for the occurrence of diseases.
Taking into account the state of health of children school age, in last years In the country, work has been significantly intensified to create a health-saving system of an educational institution aimed at developing healthy lifestyle skills in children.
The learning aspect of this system includes:
Development curricula for a healthy lifestyle;
Development of manuals for teachers and students;
Creation of a methodical library for teachers of different categories on the problems of a healthy lifestyle;
Teacher training active methods formation of healthy lifestyle skills, etc.
It is known that healthy habits are formed from the very beginning. early age child. Therefore, the role and importance of the family, family education in this process can hardly be overestimated. Every day, day after day, parents need to quietly and steadily educate their child so that he realizes the need to improve health and learns this art. To successfully cope with this task, parents must have a certain theoretical and practical training in these matters.
Science offers them the following principles on which to build educating a healthy lifestyle for children:
1. Systems approach : Man is a complex system. It is impossible to keep the body healthy if you do not improve the emotional-volitional sphere, if you do not work with the morality of the child. A successful solution to the problems of educating a healthy lifestyle is possible only by combining the educational efforts of the school and parents.
2. Activity approach. The culture in the field of health and a healthy lifestyle is mastered by children in the process joint activities with parents. It is necessary not to direct children to the path of health, but to lead them along this path.
3. The principle of "Do no harm!" Provides for the use of only safe methods of healing, scientifically recognized and tested by thousands of years of human experience and officially recognized.
4. The principle of humanism. In education in the field of health and healthy lifestyle, the inherent value of the child's personality is recognized. The moral guidelines of education are universal values.
The priority direction of education in the field of health should be the formation of the moral qualities of the child, which are the foundation of health. To do this, it is necessary to develop in him kindness, friendliness, endurance, determination, courage, an optimistic attitude towards life, a sense of the joy of existence, the ability to feel happy, believe in one's own strengths and trust the world.
For the formation of these qualities, spiritual harmony, adequate positive self-esteem are necessary, which arise if the child is free from feelings of anxiety and fear, lives with confidence in his security and safety. It is important that as each child masters the culture of health preservation, feelings of tenderness and love for himself, a mood of special joy from understanding his uniqueness, originality, the boundlessness of his creative possibilities, a sense of trust in the world and people are formed.
When organizing health education, remember:
If a child is often encouraged - he learns self-confidence,
If a child lives with a sense of security, he learns to believe
If a child manages to achieve what he wants, he learns hope,
If a child lives in an atmosphere of friendship and feels needed, he learns to find love in this world.
It is necessary to form in the child a moral attitude towards their health, which is expressed in the desire and need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. He must realize that health is the most important value for a person, the main condition for achieving any life purpose and everyone is responsible for maintaining and strengthening their health. In order to motivate him for health behavior, it is necessary to interest him, create positive emotions when mastering knowledge, let him feel the pleasure of healing methods, use positive examples from the surrounding life, and the personal example of parents.
A powerful source of the formation of a healthy lifestyle for children is Physical Culture. The training strategy proceeds from the fact that the pleasure of physical activity develops into a habit, and from it into a need.
An important task that needs to be solved when educating in the field of health and healthy lifestyles is to form the basics of personal hygiene: mastering body care skills, self-massage techniques, hardening methods, etc. It is equally important that the child master the skills of psychoprophylaxis, self-regulation and activation of reserve capabilities of your body. To do this, it is necessary to develop and improve the functions of analyzer systems (hearing, vision, tactile sense, etc.), to teach the skills of voluntary control over breathing, muscle tone, imagination, contribute to the formation of an "internal observer" in the child's mind (inner self), form the ability to express their feelings with the help of words, facial expressions, gestures, etc. Mastering this knowledge and skills, the child learns to control his emotions and mental activity. This improves psychological well-being at school, contributes to more successful learning.
Bibliography:
1. Karaseva T.V. Modern aspects of the implementation of health-saving technologies // " Primary School", 2005. - No. 11.
2. Mitina E.P. Health-saving technologies today and tomorrow // Primary School, 2006, No. 6.
3. Oshchepkova T.L. Raising the need for a healthy lifestyle in children of primary school age // Primary School, 2006, No. 8.
4. Petrov K. Health-saving activities at school // Education of schoolchildren.-2005.-№2.
5. Smirnov N.K. Health-saving educational technologies and psychology of health at school / N.K. Smirnov. - M. ARKTI, 2003.
6. Sukharev A.G. Health and physical education of children and adolescents.- M.: Medicine, 1991.
7. Shevchenko L.L. From health care to academic success // Primary School, 2006, No. 8.
Sections: Extracurricular work
Explanatory note
"Get health - courage,
save it - wisdom,
but skillfully managing it is an art."
François Voltaire
The orientation towards the all-round development of the personality presupposes the mastery of the basics of physical culture by schoolchildren, the components of which are: good health, good physical development, the optimal level of motor abilities, knowledge and skills in the field of physical culture, motives and mastered methods (skills) to carry out physical culture and health and sports activity.
Health is one of the important components of the integral development of a person, characterizing his viability in the unity of bodily and mental characteristics. Vitality is formed in the process of education, therefore, the protection and strengthening of the health of schoolchildren, namely children with disabilities, is an urgent pedagogical task.
Now more than ever, it is important to remember the impact of the school on the health of students, about its ability to organize the quality development, upbringing and education of children without compromising their health. Competent solution of this problem at all levels - from program-normative to holding a separate extra-curricular activity, from relations in the class and its connections with the outside world to management educational institution. After all, it is in the space of school childhood that the foundations of the physical, mental and social health of children are formed. In this regard, there has recently been increased attention to the problems of creating a health-saving environment, designing a health-saving space and actually forming a health culture among participants in the educational process.
As part of the modernization of the education system, one of the main tasks is to educate students, provide the necessary information to maintain and improve health, develop hygiene knowledge, norms and rules of a healthy lifestyle, beliefs in the need to preserve their health, promote the education of schoolchildren of responsibility for their own health and the health of those around you.
The modern school is in the process of searching for new models of education that provide for the versatile development of the individual, taking into account individual psychophysiological and intellectual capabilities.
Most of the children entering SKOSHI have a whole "bouquet" of various diseases - these are neuropsychiatric disorders, impaired motor skills and coordination of movement, decreased hearing and vision acuity, scoliosis, caries, etc. Psychologists and practitioners note a violation of the emotional and personal development students, increasing aggressiveness and cruelty in relationships with people around them. These negative phenomena are interrelated and interdependent with many economic and social reasons, as well as lifestyle. A significant percentage of students with limited intelligence live in dysfunctional families, where they do not receive not only adequate nutrition, cultural behavior skills, but even elementary concepts of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, concern for the health of children with handicapped seems to be a very important pedagogical task.
When characterizing students of the 3rd grade of the "Petropavlovsk special (correctional) general education boarding school of the VIII type", I would like to draw attention to the level of physical development. The assessment of physical development is based on the parameters of growth, body weight, the proportions of the development of individual parts of the body, as well as the degree of development of the functional abilities of his body, which depend on the differentiation and maturity of the cellular elements of organs and tissues, the functional abilities of the nervous system and endocrine apparatus. In the examined children, the following results of physical development can be noted: 94% of students have an average level of physical development, 4% have above average, and 2% have below average. In physical characteristics, children resemble young children, they are small in stature and weight. Motor skills in most cases are sufficient, movements are coordinated, dexterous, clear, only the most complex voluntary movements are underdeveloped.
Therefore, one of the priority tasks of educational work with a group of students in grade 3 is to preserve and strengthen the health of children. And the motivation of schoolchildren for a healthy lifestyle, for cultivating a general culture of health plays a very important role here.
Having studied scientific works, educational programs "Know your body", developed by the American Health Foundation, the program of K.G. Zaitseva "Health Lessons", the methodological guide "Know Yourself" by M.L. Lazarev, a number of manuals, the authors of which are G.K. Zaitsev and A.G. Zaitsev. These programs do not fully consider the development and correction of the shortcomings of psychophysical disorders in students of type VIII schools, where children with disabilities study.
In this regard, there is a need to create a program for the formation of a healthy lifestyle "The ABC of Health" for students in grades 3-5 of SKOSHI, since it is at school that children with intellectual disabilities are laid and brought up with the basic skills to form a healthy lifestyle and manage their own health. It is very important today not only to prepare a child for an independent life, to educate him morally and physically, but also to teach him to be healthy, to promote the formation of a conscious need for health in him, as a guarantee of future well-being and success in life. A healthy lifestyle of children with disabilities ensures the full development and realization of the capabilities of each, contributes to their socialization and is a necessary condition for educating a comprehensively developed personality.
The program "Azbuka Health" is complex, it pays special attention to biomedical, psychological, ecological and social aspects of children's physical and moral health. The novelty of the program is that the organization of educational activities for children with disabilities is built on the basis of structured classes. This approach allows you to maintain the physical and mental performance of students at an optimal level throughout working week without causing fatigue, which, in turn, gives a positive health effect, creates conditions for the formation of health motivation.
The program is aimed at developing health preservation skills through the acquired knowledge about the characteristics of one's body, about the patterns of its functioning and the principles of a healthy lifestyle. It was developed with the aim of optimal use of health-saving technologies in the process of education of students and is focused on the protection and strengthening of their health. Through the implementation of the program, opportunities are revealed in the implementation of health-saving activities, in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, in the upbringing to confidently resist bad habits, in the formation of a culture of health of pupils.
The ABC of Health program is based on general didactic and specific principles of teaching schoolchildren.
The main principles of the program:
Program implementation mechanism:
- Implementation of scientific and methodological approaches to creating conditions conducive to the formation, preservation and strengthening of the health of schoolchildren of secondary school
- Organization and implementation in practice of activities aimed at protecting and strengthening the health of children with disabilities
- Ensuring continuous health-saving education of schoolchildren - participants in the program on health culture and a healthy lifestyle.
Purpose: to promote the formation of children's motivation for a healthy lifestyle and their responsible behavior to preserve and strengthen their health.
Program objectives:
- Formation in children of motivation for a healthy lifestyle.
- Formation of skills responsible, careful attitude to their health.
- Prevention and overcoming of bad habits in children.
- The development of leadership qualities in children and the ability to independently work with peers to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Performance criteria and verification methods
Tasks | Criteria | Indicators | Verification methods |
1. Formation in children of motivation for a healthy lifestyle. | Knowledge, understanding of the main types of sports activities leading to a healthy lifestyle. Interaction between student and teacher. The acquisition by the student of social knowledge, the primary understanding of social reality in Everyday life. |
The ability to apply various forms of healthy lifestyle in everyday life, the ability to identify the components of health and establish a relationship between them. | Questionnaires |
2. Formation of skills for a responsible, careful attitude to one's health. | Formed skills and personal hygiene. The concept of hygiene, the function of hygiene in human life. Hygiene rules. The value of hygiene for humans. Personal and public hygiene. |
Ability to apply various skills, knowledge of personal hygiene in everyday life. | Observation, diagnostics. |
3. Prevention and overcoming of bad habits in children. | Knowledge, understanding of the concepts of "healthy lifestyle", "bad habits", their impact on the quality of life, sources of health. To acquaint with the influence of "bad habits" on human organs, on the main life support systems of the human body. |
The ability to distinguish, determine bad habits from good ones, the ability to convey the negative impact of bad habits. | individual private and group discussions, practical tasks, analysis of creative works. |
4. Development in children of leadership qualities and skills to work independently with peers to promote a healthy lifestyle. | Positive emotional response to healthy lifestyle sports values. | The desire to take part in sports events, activities aimed at a healthy lifestyle, the development of the emotional and sensory sphere of pupils. | Rating of participation in activities aimed at a healthy lifestyle. |
Terms of the program implementation 2010-2013:
Stage 1. Information and analytical 2010-2011
Analysis of work to promote a healthy lifestyle among students in grades 3-5 of secondary schools, identifying problematic issues and identifying possible ways to solve them.
II stage. Practical 2011-2012
Providing a system of organizational work aimed at implementing the main content of the program.
III stage. Pedagogical aftereffect 2012 -2013
Systematization of the obtained results.
The ABC of Health program includes four main areas:
1. Fundamentals of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle
2. Culture of health.
3. Prevention of bad habits.
4. Mobile and educational games
The first direction of "Fundamentals of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle" A healthy lifestyle is a rational lifestyle, an integral feature of which is vigorous activity aimed at maintaining and improving health. A lifestyle that promotes public and individual health is the foundation of prevention , protection and promotion of the health of the people.
- consolidate knowledge about a healthy lifestyle
- develop in children the need for new knowledge, the ability to transfer them to the social environment
- to form the activity and initiative of children
- educate interest in a healthy lifestyle
- to form the concept of health and a healthy lifestyle of people.
- to develop the need to maintain one's own health to cultivate the desire for a healthy lifestyle
The second direction "Education of culture of health"
Education of a culture of health - the creation of pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the student's personality as a subject of health-improving activities in accordance with his interests, inclinations, abilities, value orientations for self-preservation of health, as well as knowledge, skills and habits of sound healthy lifestyle.
This direction solves the following tasks:
- develop the ability to keep your body clean
- expand knowledge about hygiene products
- educate the ability to manage their physical capabilities, feelings and emotions in accordance with the norms of morality and etiquette.
- education of needs for a healthy lifestyle, intellectual culture (the ability to manage one's thoughts and control them); in the ability to lead a healthy lifestyle and treat health as a value of the upbringing process /
The third direction is "Prevention of bad habits".
A bad habit is a way of behavior fixed in a person, in relation to the person himself. The quality of life depends not only on the observance of the rules of a healthy lifestyle, but also on the habits that a person has at a particular age. The referral has a preventive effect on a number of bad habits such as smoking, alcohol and drug use.
This direction solves the following problems :
The fourth direction "Mobile and educational games"
The game - natural satellite life of the child and therefore meets the laws laid down by nature itself in the developing body of the child - his irrepressible need for cheerful movements. The advantage of mobile and developing games over strictly dosed exercises is that the game is always associated with initiative, fantasy, creativity, flows emotionally, and stimulates motor activity.
This direction solves the following tasks:
- to form independence;
- improve sportsmanship;
- foster a sense of unity, interest in sports
- learn to adapt to changing conditions environment, find a way out of a critical situation, quickly make a decision and implement it, take the initiative, provide comradely support, achieve a common goal.
During the implementation of the program, a variety of forms and methods are used, which are predominantly interactive in nature, ensuring the direct participation of children in the work of the program, stimulating their interest in the material being studied, making it possible to show their Creative skills.
Concerning special place in the program occupy the following forms of education:
Sports events, film demonstrations, fun starts, competitions, questionnaires, games, thematic quizzes, travel, oral magazines, conversations, wellness minutes, a meeting with a pediatrician, a traffic police inspector, etc. watching videos with subsequent discussion, watching movies that reflect the situations of people's struggle with their own vices and ways to overcome them, reading and discussing magazine publications about the strength and resilience of the human spirit in the most difficult life situations, creating anti-advertising videos on the problem, competitions for the best work of art , directed against bad habits of a person and demonstrating the strength of the human spirit, exhibitions of drawings, actions in defense of a person from the influence of bad habits, moral class hours;
Psychological support of the program:
The psychological support of the program includes the following components:
- creating a comfortable, friendly atmosphere in the classroom;
- application of individual, group forms of education;
- the formation of students' creative imagination in practical and creative activity;
- application of knowledge by students at different psychological levels.
The ABC of Health program is designed for 3 years of study for students in grades 3-5. The work of the first three directions is calculated for 2 hours a week. Direction "Mobile and educational games", these are additional classes that include the "Magic Ball" mug, which are held 1-2 times a week.
- September, January - directions: "Fundamentals of a healthy lifestyle", "Mobile and educational games"
- October, February - directions: "Education of a culture of health", "Mobile and educational games"
- November, March - directions: "Prevention of bad habits", "Mobile and educational games"
- December, April, May - directions "Mobile and educational games".
Predicted result: Acceptance of the value of health as one of the main values of a person will allow students with disabilities to focus their behavior on saving and strengthening the health of themselves and those around them; successfully adapt in the educational and social space, reveal creative abilities, realize personal potential to the fullest extent, increase success in sports.
Thematic plan
№ | Direction | 1 year T |
1 year P |
2 year T |
2 year P |
3 year T |
3 year P |
|||
1 | "Fundamentals of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle" | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |||
2 | "Educating a Culture of Health" | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | |||
3 | "Prevention of bad habits" | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | |||
4 | "Developing and outdoor games" | 10 | 20 | 10 | 20 | 10 | 20 | |||
Total hours | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Municipal state educational institution
"Linevskaya school - a boarding school for students
with disabilities"
Iskitimsky district of the Novosibirsk region.
"Formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities in a boarding school."
9th grade teacher: Filchakova Yu.M.
2016
Formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with disabilities in a boarding school
Leading teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky rightly pointed out: “Caring for health is the most important work of an educator. Their spiritual life depends on the health and cheerfulness of children, mental development, the strength of knowledge, faith in one's own strength.
On the present stage development Russian society the problem of preserving and strengthening health, the formation of a special attitude towards it as an independent value remains very significant. The value of health in human life acts as a key category, since health is a condition for development and growth, and above all, it concerns children with disabilities.
According to the psychological and pedagogical and medical research There are practically no healthy children in boarding schools. Such children, as a rule, already from birth have poor health indicators.
But it must be borne in mind that a person’s lifestyle does not develop on its own depending on the circumstances, but is formed purposefully and constantly throughout life.
In children with disabilities who are brought up in a boarding school, it is necessary to lay down and formulate a conscious, voluntary motivation to gain knowledge and maintain their own health, as well as cultivate the habit of a healthy lifestyle. A prerequisite for the successful formation of a healthy lifestyle is a close, healthy, emotional contact between the teacher and the child. The formation of a healthy lifestyle in children with MR is a complex and multifaceted process that covers all spheres of life, integrates the efforts of teachers, medical workers and psychologists, built on knowledge from various and long-term acquisitions of mankind.
The purpose of this process is a person who needs to be taught the ability to maintain and maintain his health throughout his life.
In residential institutions, this process is carried out in three directions:
- Improving work, creation of a social, psychological and social-hygienic sphere favorable for health;
- Formation of positive motivation, the need for a healthy life;
- The instillation of knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for maintaining, strengthening, restoring health.
By healthy lifestyle, we understand the forms and ways of life of pupils, which to the maximum extent preserve, restore and strengthen their physical, mental, spiritual and social health, ensure the adaptation of the body to the conditions external environment help to achieve internal balance.
Indicators of many factors that exist to characterize and evaluate the formation of a healthy lifestyle and are most clearly and fully manifested in the behavior and actions of children and adolescents are:
In the field of physical health - physical development according to age;
General work capacity;
Physical activity;
hardening;
Compliance with rational work and rest;
Understanding the requirements of personal hygiene;
Proper nutrition.
In the field mental health- compliance of mental activity with calendar age;
Development of arbitrary mental processes and the presence of self-regulation;
The presence of adequate positive emotions;
No bad habits.
In the field of spiritual health - priority moral values;
industriousness;
The presence of a positive ideal in accordance with national spiritual traditions;
The feeling of beauty in life, nature, art.
In the field of social health - positively directed communication;
Responsiveness in relation to adults, peers and younger;
Responsibility for own actions and deeds.
In working with our category of children who already have a mental diagnosis, teachers try to focus on the fact that health combines the spiritual and physical state person.
I would like to clarify that mental retardation is a persistent violation cognitive activity resulting from organic brain damage. To the question of what kind of health should be protected in the first place - spiritual or physical, leading experts in the field of medicine answer: “Spiritual. Observations show that if a person lives in fear, anxiety, he self-destructs. Spiritual health is the main foundation of a healthy body. It is not enough to teach a child to brush his teeth in the morning and in the evening, do exercises and eat healthy food. It is very important that from an early age he learns to love himself, people, life. Only a person who lives in harmony with himself and with the world will be truly healthy, will strive for a healthy lifestyle.
In the process of promoting a healthy lifestyle, a lot of work is done to captivate, teach and give knowledge in accordance with the age of children. A wide variety of forms and methods of work are used: conversations, business and role-playing games, games - travel, games - competitions, keeping diaries.
Such large educational events as “We are for a healthy lifestyle”, “No to bad habits”, cool watch"The Truth about AIDS", "A healthy mind in a healthy body" are held at high level. Children treat them with all seriousness, feeling like accusers of addictions. Pupils deeply feel the harm caused by the use of tobacco and alcohol, think about their health.
All the time the pupils are in the team. They get tired of constant contacts, cannot cope with their emotions and control their behavior, and life in a positive emotional atmosphere is health. Emotions play important role in the lives of children: they help to adequately perceive reality and respond to it. Conducted games, conversations, classes (“Mirror of moods”, “Culture of a healthy lifestyle”) teach children to manage their emotions, help to enrich inner world, to expand knowledge about oneself and the people around him, the development of the emotional sphere takes place.
Many pupils have problems with vision, posture, so a number of rules and exercises should be developed to prevent violations of posture and vision. The need to develop good posture is one of the components of a healthy lifestyle.
Pupils of our school attend the "Sharp Skate" section, therapeutic exercises "LFK", and also play sports - volleyball, basketball, pioneer ball, table tennis, skiing, sledding, skating in winter. Thanks to this, children develop discipline, responsibility, attentiveness, purposefulness and much more.
The boarding school has developed recreational activities that are aimed at solving problems to strengthen physical health, to increase the health potential - these are tempering procedures and proper nutrition.
Various sports competitions and games, "Zarnitsa", poster and drawing competitions "We are for sports", as well as sports and entertainment competitions, holidays "No bad habits" are organized inside the school. Popular among the pupils are table tennis, jumping, running - relay races, throwing the ball, crosses. Various sports competitions are organized on Health Days: running, long jumps.
Pupils of the school constantly take part in all regional and district competitions, sports days, the result of these performances are diplomas, valuable gifts.
Thus, in our school there is an interesting and varied work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle. There are many positive results, there is a good trend in terms of health.
Raising in children the need to move daily, perform physical exercises, to be in harmony with themselves and people, they lay a solid foundation for good health.
Purposeful, patient and consistent work allows us to solve the problems of strengthening the health of pupils, the formation of sustainable habits of a healthy lifestyle in them.
Bibliography:
1. Blinova L.N. Diagnosis and correction in the education of children with a delay mental development/ L. N. Blinova. - M., 2002.
2. Malyar A.R. Social education and training of children with developmental disabilities / A.R. Malyar.- M., 2005.
The child's right to health is enshrined in international and national laws and regulations. The duty and duty of all adults is not only to observe, respect and protect this right, but also to equip the child with the necessary knowledge about their own health, to prepare them for a decent life in society.
Relevance.
The foundation of human health is laid in early childhood. How we, adults, take care of the health of the child, how we teach him to be healthy, depends on his future life. Of particular social importance is the provision of active differentiated assistance to children with disabilities. There is an ongoing search effective methods rehabilitation of children in conditions kindergarten.
One of these methods is, in our opinion, the method of projects. Educational project is considered today as a joint educational, cognitive, creative or gaming activity that has a common goal, agreed methods, methods of activity and is aimed at achieving a common result.
We turned to project activities for several reasons. Firstly, project activity develops a scientific-cognitive and practical-active attitude to the surrounding reality. Secondly, it is the project activity that allows supporting children's initiative. Thirdly, all project activity participants /children, teachers, parents/ gain experience of productive interaction.
Analysis of the situation in our group showed:
- children are little informed about their health, about what human health depends on;
- do not know how to apply their knowledge in everyday life;
- they do not understand the importance of observing the daily routine, they know little about the benefits of vitamins, they do not always wash their hands thoroughly; use a handkerchief only when reminded; violate elementary hygienic rules: they take fingers and toys in their mouths, they bite their nails.
Parents pay insufficient attention to the health of the child:
- do not follow the daily routine;
- on weekends they go to bed late, they allow the child to spend a lot of time at the computer;
- the child's clothes do not always correspond to the season;
- food at home is often inadequate;
- hygiene procedures in many families are carried out irregularly.
These reasons led to the creation of the project "My Health".
Project type: information and creative, medium-term (1 month).
Project participants: preparatory group kindergarten (children 6-7 years old), teachers, parents.
Problematic question: How to learn not to get sick?
Target: learn to maintain and improve health.
Tasks:
- To form an understanding of the need to take care of their health, to protect it.
- Learn to be healthy and lead a healthy lifestyle.
- To increase the literacy of parents in the education and promotion of the health of preschool children.
Project product: Joint entertainment "If you want to be healthy."
1-preparatory - identifying the problem, defining tasks, studying methodological literature
2-practical - organization of project implementation activities
3-productive - joint entertainment "If you want to be healthy."
Expected results:
- Meaningful assimilation of healthy lifestyle skills in the daily and practical activities of pupils.
- A more serious attitude of parents to the problem of preserving and strengthening the health of the child.
Project implementation methods.
- Practical
Organization of the mode of motor activity, mode of ventilation in the group
finger games
Physical education minutes
Breathing exercises
Articulation gymnastics
Gymnastics for the eyes
Role-playing game, didactic, mobile
Experiments and observations
- verbal
Reading fiction
Consultations
storytelling
Instructions
word games
- Visual
Design of collective albums
Collection of photographic material
Examining the illustrations
Information stands, folders, folders, booklets
Personal example of adults
- Our body. In a healthy body healthy mind!
- Hygiene. From simple water and soap at microbes the force melts!
- Food. I never lose heart and a smile on my face, because I take vitamins A, B, C!
- Physical training. Who is friends with physical education, never grieve!
For successful implementation project, we have collected working materials: project planning, questions for situational conversations with children, poems, riddles, fairy tales, fantasy games, recommendations for parents, class notes.
Exemplary forms of organization of activities.
3 weeks of the project. FOOD.
Motto of the week: Never lose heart and a smile on my face,
Because I take vitamins A, B, C!
- Articulatory gymnastics /on the recommendations of a speech therapist/
- Finger game "This finger is the most ..."
- Breathing exercises "Hot milk".
- Gymnastics for the eyes. Stretch out your hand. Follow the fingernail with your eyes, slowly bringing it closer to the nose, and then just as slowly pushing it back. /Five times/
- Physical education minutes "Cabbage", "Let's discard laziness."
- Didactic games: "Recognize and name vegetables and fruits", "Guess the taste", "Helpful-harmful".
- C-R game "Family".