Why did European countries capitulate to the USSR. The CIA spent $ 20 million to tear Poland away from the USSR
It is well known that we have a useless leadership, no army and stupid generals.
This is especially often written estorigis and journalists about the Great Patriotic War.
I came across materials on the theme of the heroic resistance of the wonderful European states, their wise governments, brave armies and smart generals.
There will be nothing new in my post - a boring statement of facts.
So civilized Europeans heroically fought the Third Reich, that's how much:
Poland - 36 days (09/01/1939 - 10/06/1939)
Norway - 63 days (04/09/1940 - 06/10/1940)
Denmark - 1 day (04/09/1940)
Belgium - 8 days (05/10/1940 - 05/17/1940)
Luxembourg - 1 day (05/10/1940)
Netherlands - 6 days (05/10/1940 - 05/15/1940)
France - 43 days (05/10/1940 - 06/22/1940)
Yugoslavia - 12 days (04/06/1941 - 04/17/1941)
Greece - 24 days (04/06/1941 - 04/29/1941)
[Crete operation - 13 days (05/20/1941 - 06/02/1941)]
At the same time, the reader can easily notice that at the same time the Wehrmacht, for example, fought in Belgium, the Netherlands and France, then in Greece and Yugoslavia, that is, it cannot be said that the ENTIRE Wehrmacht fought against the same France.
I should especially note that the brave military, even in this organized drain of Europe into Hitler's pocket, at the very least, does not look like it's completely lousy - they tried to fight. But the wise European governments showed themselves quite nasty - starting with the Polish leaders, who immediately fled from Warsaw, and soon from Poland (September 17, 1940, in the manner of Ostap Bender, crossing the Romanian border), leaving the still struggling country and liquidating thus the Polish state.
With this, the proud gentry particularly surprised even the Germans, and the Polish troops did not surrender centrally, as it would be in a normal state - but as they put it on their souls. Because at that time the Polish state simply did not exist. That is why the introduction of Soviet troops into the ownerless territory, no matter what various scoundrels and paid liars say, was not an invasion of the Polish Republic. There was no Polish Republic. There were territories with a population. And not only Poles, but, for example, Ukrainians and Belarusians - those who lived in Russian territories, that the Poles chopped off from Russia in 1920. And yes Soviet troops stood on the very Curzon Line, which was defined as the border between Poland and Russia as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. That is why the USSR did not declare war neither England nor France. The hyena of Europe died ingloriously and shamefully. What is very characteristic - the love of capitulations in the blood of the Polish gentry remained further. Having unleashed the Warsaw Uprising, which was completely idiotic in design and mediocre in execution, only to annoy the Russians, the gentry immediately surrendered to the Germans. And the Germans liquidated Warsaw, and the population also got pretty bad. Well, yes, the gentry never worried about the troubles of the cattle.
General Friedrich Eberhardt accepts the surrender of Danzig.
A representative of the Polish command and a representative of the German command during the surrender ceremony of the Warsaw garrison
Negotiations of an officer of the Polish garrison on the surrender of Lvov.
General Tomme with General Alolf Strauss discussing the terms of Maudlin's surrender
Polish prisoners of war surrender their weapons 1939
Polish General Tadeusz "Bur" Komorowski shakes hands with SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski after signing the surrender of the Warsaw insurgents, 1944. 20,000 soldiers, led by the commander of the Home Army and officers of his headquarters, surrendered.
Handsome gentleman. Looking at Komorowski's face, you see a rogue and a useless person. And only the Poles have such shit in their leadership.
Proudly and adamantly, the Home Army marches into captivity. It will be great to keep them there - and under the supervision of the Red Cross. But the "Army of People" Komorowski and his gentry deliberately liquidated, having bargained for the right to be kept as combatants only for AK. Type there are rebels - AK, and there are bandits AL. You can fight together, but how to capitulate is only for your own. And let the Germans slaughter AL, the gentry don't care about cattle.
For the idiotic trick of the proud gentry, the Germans punished Warsaw like this:
As a result, having handed over Poland to Hitler, the brave Europeans presented the Fuhrer with weapons for a millionth army, equipment, food, horse-drawn and automobile transport, tanks, planes, the industry of the whole country. And the same thing happened with the rest of the arsenals of Europe and British weapons. Therefore, the discovery of English or Canadian or French shells and cartridges in the German location is by no means an invention of wild diggers. The same for weapons, the same for transport. Everything received by the Germans was prudently used against us.
The Warsaw garrison laid down their arms.
More Polish trophies
The Danish government and bystanders are peacefully watching the German aggression. April 10, 1940
After the signing of the surrender of the Dutch army, the Dutch general Winkelmann leaves the Schulhaus building in Rotterdam, 1940.
Residents of Amsterdam greet incoming German troops, 1940
Belgium. Surrender Belgian army. German and Belgian parliamentarians in the Belgian Main Military Apartment, 1940
Belgium. Surrender of British troops, 1940
By June 7, 1940, the British, French and Polish expeditionary forces left Norway. On the same day, King Haakon VII and the government of Norway fled to Britain. On June 9, Norway signed a surrender.
King Haakon VII and the Norwegian government in exile. London, 1940. In general, it is interesting that the USSR is already being blamed for the Kuusinen government for so long. But in Britain there were alternate governments for any European country - and Queen Wilhelmina and other Poles, Czechs, Greeks and so on. Thrifty people - the British.
On June 22, 1940, the French delegation, headed by General Huntziger, was forced to announce the defeat of their country and capitulation in the war with Germany.
The coastline at Dunkirk. 100,000 French and 200,000 British soldiers waiting for ships to escape from german army across the English Channel, May 1940. Officially, this operation was called "Dynamo". british army 84,500 motor vehicles had to be abandoned in France, as well as 2,500 field guns, 77,000 tons of ammunition and 165,000 tons of fuel.
SS-Obergruppenführer Sepp Dietrich discusses with British officers the terms of surrender in Greece.
A German paratrooper looks at a pile of captured weapons captured in Corinth.
Abandoned British tanks in Crete.
While collecting material, I found a pretentious English article stating that it is impossible to say that "the whole of Europe" worked for Hitler !!! A lot of people worked for freedom and against Hitler!!!
I copy the table from there. That's how many people from Europe worked against Hitler while in England. Honor and glory to them, of course. Only now, 500 thousand Polish employees of railway communications, who in 1941 ensured the supply of troops and equipment to the borders of the USSR and beyond for the Wehrmacht - and ahead of the proposed schedules - greatly exceed all these guys in England.
Country Navy Personnel Army Personnel Air Force Personnel Total
France 2,750 1,080 350 4,180
Poland 1,750 17,450 8,500 27,700
Holland 2,400 1,570 270 4,240
Czechoslovakia 0 3,470 1,250 4,720
Norway 1,000 1,410 3 2,413
Belgium 0 780 165 945
For reference, the number of prisoners of war after the Second World War in the USSR.
Nationality Total number of prisoners
Germans 2.389.560
Japanese 639.635
Hungarians 513.767
Romanians 187.370
Austrians 156.682
Czechs and Slovaks 69.977
Poles 60.280
Italians 48.957
French 23.136
Yugoslavs 21.822
Moldovans 14.129
Chinese 12.928
Jews 10.173
Koreans 7.785
Dutch 4.729
Mongols 3.608
Finns 2.377
Belgians 2.010
Luxembourgers 1.652
Danes 457
Spaniards 452
Gypsies 383
Norwegians 101
Swedes 72
In my opinion, it is enough to compare the number of captured French, Poles and other Czechs who fought on the side of Hitler with those who fought against - in order not to be embarrassed by this issue anymore. Unless there are more Norwegians in the English army. than prisoners of war in the USSR. It just needs to be taken into account. that not everyone was captured. Some died or went home wounded.
And why all this howl about "they filled up with corpses", "we won in spite of" and other squeals?
Yes, everything is very simple. The victory of 1945 is our Victory, but not the victory of the other European integrators, who were already going to have a hearty meal on the new colonized lands - but for some reason they broke their teeth.
The Czechs, who to the last produced frames and hatzers for the Wehrmacht - why should they rejoice? Why are the French happy? And even more so - why should the Germans rejoice. which not only failed to prove their Aryanness to the world, but also to this day are an occupied dependent country?
They really want us to be ashamed of the fact that we made a face of the colonialists and robbers and did not become a new Congo or a crippled India.
Therefore, I finish a short reference - here are these photos.
What is characteristic - the killed defender of Berlin has either a Czech or a Polish Mauser - the handle on the bolt is not bent.
Berg Doc Nikolai
But few people know that the war did not end there.
Decree " On the termination of the state of war between the Soviet Union and Germany"The USSR signed only 10 years after the surrender of Nazi Germany, on January 25, 1955. What happened 58 years ago, and why did the history books bypass this date? We talked about this with Dr. historical sciences Yuri Zhukov.
"STALIN INSISTED ON UNITED GERMANY"
Quite right!
Do not confuse, this is Victory Day. In fact, with the surrender of Germany on May 8, the war with the use of weapons, when they kill without asking the permission of lawyers, ended. And in January 1955, the legal and diplomatic state of the war ended.
- But why did you have to wait almost 10 years for the signing of a peace treaty?
This is a historical and diplomatic incident. But first things first... While the war was going on, at the Tehran, Yalta and even Potsdam conferences, the agreement of the three great powers - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain - was reached on the fate of Germany. And for a very long time, it was difficult to discuss the question of how this country will continue to exist - single state or apart. Stalin insisted on maintaining a unified German state, demilitarized and neutral.
Why did he need it?
He remembered what happened after Versailles. The French occupied the Rhine zone, and in 1923 they occupied the Ruhr, the Poles seized Mountainous Silesia, part of West Prussia ... This led to revanchism, the desire to restore what was lost and, as a result, to the emergence of fascism. And Stalin, unlike the French and the British, remembered it too well. However, Churchill and Roosevelt insisted all the time on the division of Germany. Then the French also intervened, who generally capitulated in 1940, collaborated with the Germans, including sending their soldiers to the Eastern Front. France wanted to wrest the Rhine zone from Germany, creating a "security buffer" for itself. Plus, they also dreamed of the Saar region - a powerful coal basin - either to annex this zone to France, or to create an independent state there.
"AMERICANS HAVE A CLEAN POLITICS"
- And what was the reason for the British to saw Germany?
Great Britain was very weakened during the war and lived off the aid of the United States. She understood that on the continent itself strong country after the war there was only the USSR, and it was scary. But in London they got used to the system of European balance, so that there are two sides, so that no one prevails, and they, the British, would habitually be “chief judges”. And under these conditions, in 1946, they insisted on the dismemberment of Germany in order to create at least two states on the territory of their zone. The British wanted to gain a foothold in this zone as powerfully as possible.
- And the Americans?
The Americans pursued an even more cunning policy. They decided to become the "fathers of democracy" for Germany. Already in the 46th, in their occupied zone, they held local elections and a monetary reform, a Western mark appeared, which later became the Deutschmark. In addition, in July 1948, three of our former allies went to their zones to create a parliamentary council. Finally, in 1949, a constitution was adopted there, and elections to the Bundestag were held. And the German government was formed, headed by Konrad Adenauer. The USSR had no choice but to create the GDR in its zone. Nevertheless, Moscow continued to hope for a united Germany. And we did everything possible for this. And in May 1953, we even managed to agree!
“The PRESIDENT OF THE FRG PROVOKED A COUP IN THE SOVIET ZONE"
- So why didn't the world see a united Germany then?
And then what happened was what Konrad Adenauer described in his memoirs, which were also published in our country. He was mortally afraid of the union. Because he understood: then his Christian Democratic Union party, which had power only in the Rhine zone, would lose its majority. Fear of political competition. And he provoked the same rebellion on July 13, 1953 in Berlin, which is given out today by the mythologisers of history as "a popular expression of will against the Soviet occupation."
- Maybe there really was a rebellion "from below"?
Read his memoirs! He directly admits that the "mutiny" was completely organized and controlled by him! And then everything is known: we had to bring in tanks against the so-called strikers, there were dead ... Adenauer calculated everything: he took advantage of the suppression of this putsch to discredit the USSR and convinced London and Washington not to agree to unification agreements.
In January 1955, it became completely clear to us that it would not be possible to reach an agreement. Then we took this amazing move: declare an end to the state of war with Germany (without specifying which one), recognize the GDR as a sovereign state and allow the East Germans to create their own army. That same decree appeared in January, and in February we also recognized the FRG.
“WE DID NOT START THE DIVISION OF THE COUNTRY!”
- That is, it was not we who split Germany?
Normal chronology shows that the first "meow" was said in the West. Of course, if Roosevelt had not died in April 1945, if Attlee had not become British Prime Minister instead of Churchill, perhaps everything would have gone differently. Because this great trio - Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt - they would agree. And instead of them, weaklings came, each of whom bent his own. Our desire to quickly dismantle and take the enterprises to the USSR in exchange for what we lost was estimated by the Americans as a robbery. At that time, they themselves hunted for patents and for intellectuals - German engineers, rocket scientists.
But we built the Berlin Wall... And Gorbachev repented that we separated brothers and sisters for decades...
Excuse me, but the facts show who started this section after all! The Berlin Wall was built by the same idiots who built the wall between Mexico and the United States, Egypt and Israel. If they accuse us, then they should be treated like this.
"PRISONERS DO NOTHING"
Some amateur historians believe that we were deliberately at war for so long in order not to release the German prisoners of war who were restoring the destroyed ...
This is not entirely true. The decree was not signed for so long, not because of them, as I said. Prisoners are a side effect. Although due to this circumstance, many of them remained in the Union, restoring the economy.
- But why did this date go around in the history books? Even in Soviet...
Because it happened in 1955, already in the period of Khrushchev - the beginning of the mythologization of our past - it was not before that. After all, Khrushchev himself walked under the sword of Damocles of accusations of mass repressions. Documents have long been published, how the first secretaries asked for the right to shoot "enemies of the people" without trial and investigation, and how many to shoot, they also indicated. So, in second place in this “rating” is Comrade Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Moscow City and Regional Committees of the Party. In 1937, he found about 20 thousand fists in the Moscow region. Where did they come from in such numbers, because dispossession was over long ago? .. When he was sent to Kyiv in 1938, in the very first telegram from there he asked for permission to sign the execution of 20 thousand people. And having seized power, he completely shifted the blame to Stalin, trying to whitewash his name in history ...
HELP "KP"
Russia does not have a peace treaty only with Japan
Today, Japan remains the only country that does not have a peace treaty with Russia. It's all about territorial claims: after the war with Japan, the USSR took possession of the Kuril Islands, which were previously part of Russian Empire. In 1956, the Moscow Declaration was signed, according to which we pledged to return the island of Shikotan and the Habomai group of islands to the Japanese, after which a peace treaty was to be signed. However, the Japanese demanded that the USSR, in addition to them, also return Kunashir with Iturup, to which Soviet side didn't go. Disputes are still ongoing.
BY THE WAY
Churchill prepared to attack the USSR in 1945
In 1998, the plans for Operation Unthinkable, developed by the British government under the personal supervision of Winston Churchill, were declassified. According to documents, Great Britain planned on 1 July 1945 to launch a surprise attack on Red Army units in the Dresden area. For this, 47 Anglo-American divisions were kept in combat readiness. The piquancy of this story is given by the fact that it was planned to use 10 German divisions in the attack on the USSR. The operation was not implemented only because the new US President Harry Truman refused to participate in it.
22:36 — REGNUM "European countries today are trying to accuse the USSR, in other words, the successor of a truly "united and indestructible Soviet Union"Russia is in the shame of which they themselves are guilty. It is known who shouts the loudest in the market:" Stop the thief. "Where were the traditions of true European democratic values proclaimed so loudly today and simply elementary decency in relation to their own homeland, if only 116 days Europe knelt before Hitler?!
This was stated in an interview with a REGNUM correspondent by the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia Ruben Tovmasyan, commenting at his request on the adoption of the Warsaw Declaration and the imposition of equal responsibility for the outbreak of World War II on Nazi Germany and the USSR.
Recall that, in accordance with the decision of the European Parliament, on August 23, 2011, on the anniversary of the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the USSR, the EU countries for the first time celebrated the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Totalitarianism. A conference of EU justice ministers was held in Warsaw, and the Warsaw Declaration was adopted. The US Embassy in Estonia placed equal responsibility for the outbreak of World War II on Nazi Germany and the USSR.
According to Tovmasyan, drawing such parallels indicates either complete illiteracy in matters of history, or open hostility towards the Soviet Union, or a deliberate shift in emphasis in order to realize far-reaching intentions towards Russia.
He is convinced that "the Great Patriotic War occupies a completely unique place in the world history of wars, since so many peoples and ethnic groups stood together to defend one great Motherland."
"It's shameful and blasphemous when a blow is struck on that part of our common history, which not only the Russian, but all the peoples of the USSR were traditionally proud of as a shrine. After all, the "brown plague" that enslaved the world was put to an end by the universal efforts and at the cost of huge sacrifices," the leader of the Armenian Communist Party said.
As he added, according to official data, the human losses of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War amounted to about 27 million people, including the irretrievable losses of the Soviet armed forces - about 8.6 million soldiers and officers.
“Only from Soviet Armenia, about 600 thousand people went to the front, half of whom died. For the Armenians, it didn’t matter in“ which sky ”the Hero of the Soviet Union died twice Nelson Stepanyan, or "whose country" the marshal liberated Bagramyan. They all fought for great motherland, in the name of the idea to which they were committed," Tovmasyan said.
According to him, instead of comparing the USSR with Germany, one could draw other parallels that would explain "why the European countries raise a big fuss, that they were allegedly against the war, that allegedly, according to the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, Europe was divided ".
“Only 116 days it took Hitler to conquer Europe. Poland capitulated in 16 days, Denmark in a day, Norway and Belgium in 2 months, France in 44 days. And Leningrad proved a completely different truth - it was able to withstand 900 days of the most severe blockade, during which, according to various sources, about a million people died.Let them compare the paradoxes true values, ideologies and patriotism, those who shout the most," Tovmasyan stressed.
In addition, he quoted an Iranian proverb that says: "If it were possible to build a house with a cry and a roar, then a donkey would have built a whole block long ago."
"The one who shouts the loudest today against the Soviet Union and its special role in World War II is quite comparable with the" hero "of this Eastern wisdom," the head of the Armenian communists pointed out.
According to him, the United States and Europe, having destroyed the USSR with the help of "the treacherous gang of Gorbachevs, Yakovlevs, Shevardnadzes, Sobchaks and priests", are now trying to reshape Russia in their own way, weakening and splitting this state as much as possible.
"Armenia is also in the spotlight, its separation and isolation from Russia. But at the moment when the Russian troops leave the Armenian land, or there is a cooling of relations between the two countries, this will be the beginning of the end for Armenia," Tovmasyan stressed.
He also expressed confidence that in case "if a threat suddenly arises" crusade"West against Russia, then not only Russian, but also Armenian communists will stand in one line together with all progressive forces - to protect this great country."
"I am proud that I lead the pro-Russian party. I am proud that the Communist Party of Armenia is cooperating with the Communist Party of Russia," Tovmasyan concluded.
Background
The European Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Stalinism and Nazism is celebrated on 23 August. The date is associated with the day of the signing between the USSR and Germany of the non-aggression pact (the so-called "Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact") of August 23, 1939.
On 23 September 2008, the European Parliament signed a declaration establishing memorial day. The document argued that “mass deportations, murders and acts of enslavement, committed in the context of acts of aggression by Stalinism and Nazism, fall under the category of war crimes and crimes against humanity. According to regulations international law, there is no statute of limitations for war crimes and crimes against humanity.”
In July 2009, the Parliamentary OSCE approved a resolution condemning " totalitarian regimes XX century - Nazism and Stalinism.
Attempts to equate communism with Nazism have sparked strong protests in Russia. The Russian Foreign Ministry called the resolution unacceptable and noted that the document distorts history for political purposes.
On Defender of the Fatherland Day, it is worth recalling who the Russian soldier fought with and where the defenders of other fatherlands were at that time
This year we will celebrate the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Soviet Union in World War II. Therefore, on Defender of the Fatherland Day, it is worth recalling once again who the Russian soldier fought with and where the defenders of other fatherlands were at that time.
So it turns out that it would be more logical for many European countries to celebrate May 9 not as Victory Day in World War II, but to remember their shameful capitulation. After all, almost all of continental Europe by 1941 somehow entered the Third Reich. Of the more than two dozen European countries that existed by June 1941, nine - Spain, Italy, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Croatia - Together with Germany and Austria entered the war against the USSR.
The rest also resisted the enemy for a short time:
Monaco - 1 day, Luxembourg - 1 day, Netherlands - 6 days, Belgium - 8 days, Yugoslavia - 12 days, Greece - 24 days, Poland - 36 days, France - 43 days, and then actually joined the aggressor and worked for his industry. Even supposedly neutral countries - Switzerland and Sweden did not stand aside. They provided Nazi Germany the right of free transit through their territory of military cargo, and also received huge incomes from trade. The trade turnover of "neutral" Portugal with the Nazis was so successful that in May 1945 she declared three days of mourning in connection with the death of Hitler.But that's not all. - The national identity of all those who died in battles on the Russian front is difficult or even impossible to establish. But the composition of the military personnel taken prisoner by our army during the war is known. Germans and Austrians - 2,546,242 people; 766,901 people belonged to other nations that declared war on us: Hungarians, Romanians, Italians, Finns and others, but another 464,147 prisoners of war are French, Belgians, Czechs and representatives of other European states that did not seem to be at war with us, - gives terrible numbers of betrayal historian Vadim Kozhinov. - And while this multinational army won victories on the Russian front, Europe was, by and large, on the side of the Third Reich.
That is why, according to the recollections of the participants, during the signing of the act of surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945, the head of the German delegation, Field Marshal Keitel, seeing among those present at the ceremony persons in French military uniform, could not contain his surprise: "How?! And they also defeated us, or what ?!
It is interesting what the field marshal would say today to the Europeans calling for celebrating Victory Day without Russia's participation. I would probably remind you that the Wehrmacht conquered their countries faster than a couple of houses in Stalingrad.
Firsov A.
On May 2, 1945, the Berlin garrison under the command of Helmut Weidling capitulated to the Red Army.
The surrender of Germany was a foregone conclusion.
On May 4, 1945, between the Fuhrer's successor, the new Reich President, Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz, and General Montgomery, a document was signed on the military surrender to the allies of northwestern Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands and the related truce.
But this document cannot be called an unconditional surrender of the whole of Germany. It was the surrender of only certain territories.
The first complete and unconditional surrender of Germany was signed on the territory of the Allies at their headquarters on the night of May 6 to 7 at 2:41 am in the city of Reims. This act of unconditional surrender Germany and a complete ceasefire within 24 hours was received by the commander of the allied forces in the west, General Eisenhower. It was signed by representatives of all allied forces.
Here is how Victor Kostin writes about this surrender:
On May 6, 1945, German General Jodl arrived at the headquarters of the American command in Reims, representing the government of Admiral Doenitz, who became the head of Germany after Hitler's suicide.
Jodl, on behalf of Dönitz, proposed that the surrender of Germany be signed on May 10 by the commanders of the branches of the armed forces, that is, the army, air force and navy.
The delay of several days was due to the fact that, according to him, it took time to find out the location of the units of the German armed forces and bring to their attention the fact of surrender.
In fact, during these few days, the Germans intended to withdraw a large grouping of their troops from Czechoslovakia, where they were at that time, and transfer them to the West in order not to surrender Soviet army, but to the Americans.
The commander of the allied forces in the West, General Eisenhower, figured out this proposal and rejected it, giving Jodl half an hour to think. He said that in the event of a refusal, the full power of American and British forces would be brought down on the German troops.
Jodl was forced to make concessions, and on May 7 at 2:40 a.m. CET, Jodl, General Beddel Smith from the allied side and General Susloparov - the Soviet representative to the allied command - accepted the surrender of Germany, which came into force from 23 hours 1 minute May 8 This date is celebrated in Western countries.
By the time President Truman and British Prime Minister Churchill announced Germany's surrender to Stalin, he had already scolded Susloparov for rushing to sign the act.”
The act of unconditional surrender of Germany from the German side, together with Colonel General Alfred Jodl, was signed by Admiral Hans Georg von Friedeburg.
The document signed on May 7, 1945 was called: "The act of unconditional surrender of all land, sea and air forces currently under German control."
All that remained before the complete cessation of hostilities and the Second World War was the day allotted to the capitulating side to bring the Act of Unconditional Surrender to every soldier.
Stalin was not satisfied with the fact that:
The signing of unconditional surrender took place on the territory occupied by the allies,
The act was signed primarily by the leadership of the allies, which to some extent belittled the role of the USSR and Stalin himself in the victory over Nazi Germany,
The act of unconditional surrender was signed not by Stalin or Zhukov, but only by Major General from the artillery Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov.
Referring to the fact that the shooting in some places had not yet stopped, Stalin ordered Zhukov to arrange a second ("final") signing of unconditional surrender, immediately after the complete ceasefire on May 8, preferably in Berlin and with the participation of Zhukov.
Since there was no suitable (not destroyed) building in Berlin, the signing was arranged on the outskirts of Berlin Karlhorst immediately after the ceasefire by the German troops. Eisenhower refused the invitation to participate in the re-signing of the surrender, but informed Jodl that the German commanders-in-chief of the branches of the armed forces should appear for the second procedure at the time and place indicated by the Soviet command for signing a new act with the Soviet command.
From Russian troops Georgy Zhukov came to sign the second surrender, Eisenhower sent his deputy from the British troops - Air Chief Marshal A. Tedder. On behalf of the United States, the commander of the strategic air force, General C. Spaats, was present and signed the surrender as a witness; on behalf of the French armed forces, the commander-in-chief of the army, General J. de Lattre de Tassigny, signed the surrender as a witness.
Jodl did not go to re-sign the act, but sent his deputies - the former chief of staff of the Supreme High Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW), Field Marshal V. Keitel, Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral of the Fleet G. Friedeburg and Colonel General of Aviation G. Stumpf.
The re-signing of the capitulation caused a smile from all the signers, with the exception of representatives of the Russian side.
Seeing that representatives of France were also participating in the re-signing of the surrender, Keitel grinned: “How! We also lost the war to France? “Yes, Mr. Field Marshal, and France too,” they answered him from the Russian side.
The re-surrender, now from the three branches of the armed forces, was signed by Germany by three representatives of the three branches of the armed forces sent by Jodl - Keitel, Friedeburg and Stumpf.
The second unconditional surrender of Germany was signed on May 8, 1945. The date for signing the surrender is May 8th.
But the celebration of Victory Day on May 8 also did not suit Stalin. It was the day that the capitulation of May 7 took effect. And it was clear that this capitulation was only a continuation and duplication of the earlier one, which declared May 8 the day of a complete ceasefire.
In order to completely get away from the first unconditional surrender and to emphasize the second unconditional surrender as much as possible, Stalin decided to declare May 9th as Victory Day. The following were used as arguments:
A) The actual signing of the act by Keitel, Friedeburg and Stumpf took place on May 8 at 22:43 German (Western European) time, but in Moscow it was already 0:43 on May 9.
B) The whole procedure for signing the act of unconditional surrender ended on May 8th at 2250 hours German time. But in Moscow it was already 0 hours 50 minutes on May 9th.
D) Declaring victory in Russia and fireworks in honor of the victory over Germany took place in Russia on May 9, 1945.
Since Stalin's times in Russia, the date of signing the act of unconditional surrender is considered to be May 9, 1945, Berlin is usually called the place of signing the act of unconditional surrender, and only Wilhelm Keitel is the signatory from the German side.
As a result of such Stalinist actions, Russians still celebrate May 9th as Victory Day and are surprised when Europeans celebrate the same Victory Day on May 8th or 7th.
The name of General Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov was deleted from the Soviet history textbooks, and the fact that he signed the act of unconditional surrender of Germany is still hushed up in every possible way in Russia.
Third unconditional surrender of Germany
On June 5, 1945, the unconditional state-political surrender of Germany was announced by the four victorious countries. It was issued as a declaration of the European Advisory Commission.
The document is called: "Declaration of the defeat of Germany and the assumption of supreme power over Germany by the governments of the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Provisional Government of the French Republic."
The document says:
"The German armed forces on land, on water and in the air are completely defeated and unconditionally capitulated, and Germany, which is responsible for the war, is no longer able to resist the will of the victorious powers. As a result, the unconditional surrender of Germany has been achieved, and Germany is subject to all demands that will be made against her now or in the future.".
In accordance with the document, the four victorious powers undertake the implementation of " supreme authority in Germany, including all powers of the German government, the High Command of the Wehrmacht and the governments, administrations or authorities of the Länder, cities and magistrates. The exercise of power and the listed powers does not entail the annexation of Germany".
This unconditional surrender was signed by representatives of four countries without the participation of representatives of Germany.
A similar confusion was introduced by Stalin into Russian textbooks with the dates of the beginning and end of the Second World War. If the whole world considers September 1, 1939 as the start date of the Second World War, then Russia since the time of Stalin continues to "modestly" count the beginning of the war from July 22, 1941, "forgetting" about the successful capture of Poland, the Baltic states and parts of Ukraine in 1939 and about the failure of a similar attempt to capture Finland (1939-1940).
Similar confusion exists with the day the Second World War ended. If Russia celebrates May 9th as the day of the victory of the allied forces over the German coalition and in fact as the day of the end of World War II, then the whole world celebrates the end of World War II on September 2nd.
On this day in 1945, Japan signed the Unconditional Surrender Act aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
On behalf of Japan, the act was signed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan M. Shigemitsu and the head General Staff General Y. Umezu. On behalf of the Allies, the act was signed by US Army General D. MacArthur, Soviet Lieutenant General K. Derevyanko, and Admiral of the British Fleet B. Fraser.