Family estate. Family Homesteads or Ecovillages? Obtaining land for family estate
Where we live? What are "settlements from family homesteads" ("kind settlements") and "eco-settlements"? Are these just place names? Or behind these words lies a deep difference in meanings, ideologies of ways of life?
In the clouds - bearded ancestors,
Bells ring in the cold.
Anatoly Alexandrov.
What is an ecovillage has long been widely known. The motive for their creation was a protest against the meaningless city life with all the ensuing consequences. In fact, it is an escape from the urban lifestyle. Ecovillages exist all over the world.
In the late 1990s, the idea of "family estates" was born in Russia. A family estate is a 1-hectare plot of land where a family lives, creating their own paradise on earth. At present, the idea of family homesteads is rapidly developing in Russia, causing great interest in Europe, America, and in many countries of the world.
What is the difference between these two forms of leaving the urban environment? And is there a fundamental difference? After all, it is good to move to the earth in any case.
Having lived for 14 years in our family estate in the village of Kovcheg, Kaluga Region, Maloyaroslavetsky District, we came to the conclusion that these are completely different paths, different goals and different futures.
In ecovillages, everything is common, the family has nothing of its own, and often there are no families themselves. The whole life and activity of the ecovillage is based on the powerful authority of the creator, leader, ideologist.
The family homestead is a self-sufficient unit, in which there is self-sufficiency, etc. Of course, it is better when there is a community of family homesteads in the form of a settlement, but even one homestead for one family is self-sufficient. This is a kind of indivisible unit in which the whole world, the whole Universe is concentrated, everything is there.
The best ecovillages are known for large public projects for the creative transformation of nature. Settlements from family estates also have such projects. There are no differences here.
Many talented people live in ecovillages, there are great achievements in the field of alternative energy, permaculture, and ecological construction. Here, the residents of family homesteads have a lot to learn. This is a topic of possible cooperation.
The most important key question It's a matter of family composition. Traditional families live in tribal settlements, children are born at home and for the most part brought up at home. In ecovillages, same-sex marriages, polyamory families (when several men and women live in the same house and give birth to children in arbitrary combinations), and in general anything you like on this issue, are common. Children from two years old are taken to kindergarten. To the question "why?" - usually they answer "so that they do not see the dirty life of adults."
In 2015, the world ideologist of the ecovillage movement, Diana Christian, came to us. It is very good that she came, and we learned everything first hand. When she was asked the question "Do you have homosexuals?" - she replied: "Of course, there is." This answer caused a murmur and indignation in the hall. There was a heavy pause in the hall. For half an hour, the residents of the family homesteads tried to explain to Dayana that homosexuals in the settlement from the family homesteads are unacceptable, since this phenomenon in no way contributes to the birth of healthy offspring. She, in turn, asked in bewilderment: "What do you actually dislike - this is allowed by law." Mutual understanding did not occur. This is how we learned firsthand what the ideology and philosophy of eco-settlements is on this most important issue.
The next point: the so-called question of planned population rotation. Imagine that a peasant family lives, well, suppose our ancestors. They built a house, planted a garden, planted a garden, settled down and live happily for themselves. And then, after 5 years, they come to them and say: “Well, get out of here - we have a planned population rotation!” Guys will take the pitchfork, right? And that is exactly what happens in ecovillages. The very stay of life and work in the ecovillage is considered as a certain stage, but you should not linger.
Of course, historically, our ancestors did not always live in one place. They went to seasonal work, explored new territories. However, the concept of "Motherland" has always been present in the soul of a Russian person as the most fundamental concept. If a person has arms, legs, a head, then there is also a Motherland. It was implied, it was self-evident. Even if a person was not in his homeland for 10, 20 or more years, and then returned, for everyone it was a completely normal, ordinary and necessary action. More precisely, the right to have a homeland is an inalienable human right, just like the right to life.
Having lived for several years in a family settlement (a settlement from family homesteads), many come to understand the Family, feel a vivid sense of the need to collect their Family. To do this, they invite living relatives, celebrate sunny holidays, plant trees on their site in honor of departed relatives.
In ecovillages, this is out of the question. It turns out that in ecovillages, by default, there is a ban on the consideration and rethinking of the main ideological issues, such as Motherland, family, Genus.
If you walk through the settlement on a warm summer evening, you will feel that from the estates where people live permanently, a giant life force. And the nature of this force is similar to the character of the owner. Trees, plantings, location of buildings - everything speaks about the owner of the estate. It can be said that each person draws his self-portrait with living colors on the living earth. In the near future, the village will look like this: from a bird's eye view, it will be a gallery of beautiful self-portraits of the creators of family homesteads. But the areas where people rarely visit stand as if sad, they do not radiate such an optimistic vitality.
In our opinion, one of the aspects of the genius of the project of family homesteads is that it contains the exact balance of public and private.
Ask a question - what is the best site in our settlement? - Of course, mine. And I will prove it in 10 pages of printed text in small print. And the best plot for my neighbor is his plot. And the most amazing thing is that there is no contradiction in this. Go to any estate and politely ask the owners to show their site. You can be sure that you will not leave soon. Until they show you everything to the last bush, they will not let you go. And then, of course, there will be teas, conversations, conversations, and so on ... Now imagine a commonwealth, when the entire village consists of family estates.
Let's keep it simple. Where is it better to live in an eco-settlement or a settlement from family homesteads? Of course, in a settlement from family estates. “The fish is looking for where it is deeper, and the man is looking for where it is better.”
If the inhabitants of kin domains can easily be perceived best achievements eco-settlers, which were written above (permaculture, ecological building, alternative energy, that is, those positions for improving the environment that are acceptable and desirable), then in order to accept the idea of family homesteads, eco-settlers will have to abandon homosexuality and polyamory families, that is, reconsider the very foundations of your life. The main problem has not been solved in the ecovillage environmental issue is a matter of human ecology.
For us, there is no doubt that living in a settlement from family homesteads is better, but at the same time, it is more difficult. And it is, of course, not about material difficulties. According to our observations, for every inhabitant of the tribal settlement, who has begun to take at least small steps towards the knowledge of the Divine program of life, flows of information literally begin to pour out, as if from a huge bowl. Apparently, the hope of our righteous ancestors for each inhabitant of the settlement is so great that each inhabitant of the family homesteads is now precious for the Universe, great hopes are placed on everyone.
Diane Christian's arrival coincided with the "Habitat Improvement" workshop. Nobody planned this on purpose. The workshop was handled by one group, and Diana's arrival by another. In addition, Diana Christian is an elderly person in poor health, so it was not clear until the last moment if she could even get to the Ark. However, by an amazing coincidence, these two events occurred in our country at the same time. Two American women of Russian origin came to the seminar "Improving the Habitat". It became completely bad and boring in America, and they came to Russia to look for land for arranging a family estate. When they saw Diana Christian, they were very surprised, and one of the women who had lived in the USA for 25 years literally said the following: “What is Diana Christian doing here? What can she teach you? You have come a long way."
We are the old-timers of the Ark, and we remember very well that when creating the Ark, a group of pioneers was inspired by the ideas of Anastasia, set out in the books of V.N. Megre of the Ringing Cedars of Russia series. These people managed to create a very bright creative image of the future wonderful life in family homesteads. And the image works in an incomprehensible way, despite all the temptations to deviate from it that arise in the minds of some of our inhabitants.
Our mother planet Earth is rushing at great speed in outer space, every second of time ending up in a different place. Thus, every day the whole Universe, every person, literally every cell in him is already different. In order to keep the image of the Divine dream in oneself, one must confirm this image in oneself every day in the most direct concrete sense. Not everyone and not always succeeds. The original beautiful image of some people begins to blur. They have the illusion "that I have already built the estate, and now (I'm smart) I will move on." The range of opinions on how to live the whole village is huge.
Some say: “I want everything to be cool here, like in a cottage village,” and they try to convince the others that we don’t need any family estates, but we need to build a cottage village.
Others say: “The idea of family homesteads is morally obsolete, has outlived its usefulness, we need to join the global community of ecovillages, because this is the only way we will be recognized and Western grants will be given to us.” At the same time, people who continue to think in line with Anastasiev's ideas come to directly opposite conclusions. They come to the realization that the family estate is a powerful living device for the materialization of any creative dream of a person. The functions and limitless possibilities of this living device, we have just begun to feel, understand, some have already begun to use it consciously.
Still others say: “We live in a village, we don’t need any self-government, we need to give all powers to the municipality - the municipality will do better.”
The fourth sing: "Only Krishna will save us."
Fifths declare: "I will build a hotel complex here and serve foreigners at a high price."
At first, you are amazed that these are the same people who, when entering the general meeting, publicly announced their intention to build the family estate and nothing else. How much they were blown away from their own dream, their own idea! And how to explain that the grace accumulated in space is a spiritual product of the life of all of us here living according to the laws of a new civilization, and this grace is for everyone, but it cannot be a subject of trade? How to be with all this?
Those who staunchly adhere to Anastasiev's ideas sometimes find themselves in the minority in the settlement. How can one not quarrel, not quarrel, not say - “well, dear neighbor, you said one thing at a general meeting when you were received, and now you say something else, you sing completely different songs”? And what about all this? At the same time, all these people are your neighbors, who have helped you out more than once, and you have helped them out more than once, and with whom you have to live for many, many years. Who has a ready-made recipe - tell me!
In fact, we now see that the image of the Anastasievsk settlement is still stronger: people hold on to their plots, make plantings, no matter what momentary ideas and hobbies they are captured at the moment. For the sake of completeness and fairness, it should be noted that some of our residents, who for some time strongly hit the idea of eco-settlement, are currently reconsidering their views, returning to the original image of the Anastasievsk settlement, and openly and honestly talk about it. And even people who initially came as consumers, not creators, are eventually forced to admit that the Ark is, after all, an Anastasian settlement.
In 2016, we also observe in conversations with officials at the local and federal levels that they, the officials, experienced a decisive change in the perception of the very words “family homestead”, “kind homestead settlement” (“family settlement”). If earlier officials were more likely to tense up, twitching on the topic “Is it really sectarians who came to me”, now this is not at all.
Now, in the vast majority of cases, there is benevolent interest and support from officials. Something elusive, imperceptible, but very much changed. The promotion of the idea of family homesteads has reached a new stage, we can say the state stage.
The efforts of the Government and the President to promote the idea of family homesteads are already clearly visible. The number of family settlements consisting of family homesteads is growing. More and more people are finding their homeland, learning the Divine meaning of life.
A. Gornaev, academician of the Academy of family homesteads, E. Katkova.
Settlement consisting of family homesteads, Ark, March 2016
Is there an alternative to city life? Why is the quality of life in ecovillages considered better than in cities? How can a family estate look like, what are its main features? What is the difference between an ecovillage and a family estate? Read about it in our article.
More and more people are coming to the conclusion that city life worsens the physical and emotional health of a person. Living in harmony with the outside world is the answer to many simple but serious questions that a person begins to ask himself in different periods life. These answers were found for those who decided to leave the city and live in nature.
What is an ecovillage
Ecovillage is a conditional general designation of a habitable area with people constantly staying there. They are also called communities. As a rule, these are families who live there without a break, with the exception of trips when necessary - to medical and government agencies, the shops. They lead a collective way of life, cultivating the land and using the harvest. Animal husbandry, beekeeping, etc. are a source of food and a resource for the exchange of the settlement.
Distinctive features of the organization of the ecovillage:
- Non-commercial use of land. Harvest and other products are sold in order to purchase the most necessary - fuel, batteries, communications, or directly exchanged for them. Surpluses are often distributed to those in need at open fairs.
- Respect for nature. Ecovillages do not use pesticides, chemicals and factory fertilizers under any pretext. The same applies to animals - growth catalysts and other drugs that affect metabolism are not added to the feed.
- Lack of desire for hoarding and enrichment. Settlers do not create surplus production. The volume of the planned harvest is limited by the needs of the community.
- Lack of a rigid control system. The settlements are not numerous - from 30 to 250 people, so the "governing bodies" are conditional - they are trusted people, elders, whom the community can change at any time. In another version, this is the Community Council, which includes heads of families and elders. They do not cooperate with representatives of the state or any other authority, but represent the interests of the settlers when necessary.
- Autonomy. Each community seeks to provide for itself with everything necessary, helping others as much as possible.
- Freedom of conscience. The principle of the internal structure, the distribution of roles in the economy and the way of life - everything is determined by the members of the community. Many settlements have religious basis- often pagan - and use the customs of their ancestors from the pre-Christian period.
What is the difference between a community and an ordinary village
In ecovillages, there is no concept of division into “own” and “alien”. Fences, or rather, hedges, protect gardens and yards from forest animals, but not from neighbors. Due to the lack of desire for enrichment and superiority over others, the following phenomena do not exist:
- Theft. It makes no sense - all things are created by collective labor and there are no "extra" things that are not used.
- hired labor. There is no commodity-money circulation within the community. Ecovillage spends money only with external contacts. Spending is strictly discussed and carefully planned.
- property as such. The community develops its own rules, but in the vast majority of cases, the land and property of an ecovillage cannot belong to individual persons. Land is acquired or leased from the state by several families of like-minded people at their own expense. The heads of families make up the Community Council.
- Drunkenness, smoking, lust, foul language. In all ecovillages, these character defects are prohibited. The difference from the traditional approach of society to these problems of the individual is that the team helps a person get rid of them, and does not isolate himself from him.
tribal communities absorbed best traditions villages and villages. One of them is the transfer of knowledge and experience from old masters to young ones. Achieving perfection in his work - whether it be blacksmithing or carpentry, agriculture - a person teaches this to his children, this is how labor (professional) dynasties are born. Combining people of different professions makes a remote settlement viable - it has its own agronomists, biologists, teachers, doctors, technicians and specialists in many other professions.
What is a family estate
A family estate is a community consisting of members of one family, which is replenished by establishing family ties with representatives of other families, clans and communities. Several kin domains can unite into a kin community. This is usually done at the stage of "project development", when in ordinary life like-minded people meet and discuss general plans for the future. If two, three or more families come to the conclusion that living together in nature will benefit them, they acquire plots of land located nearby.
As a rule, the territory of the community is chosen in such a way that there is a river or a large lake nearby (or along the border) and, of course, a forest. Community members are actively planting new trees, while at the same time carrying out preventive maintenance of the existing forest - they take old and fallen trunks for firewood. Deeply studying the ecosystem of the region, they enrich natural resources by breeding fish and feeding forest animals.
How is the family estate arranged?
There are no specific schemes for such settlements - everything is determined by the terrain and landscape. However, there are elements by which a family homestead (RP) can be distinguished from an ordinary village:
- Arbitrary layout of buildings. According to the location of its parts, the RP resembles a remote farm. There are no streets in them, and houses with outbuildings are not located where there is space, but where it is convenient for the owners. Remoteness from civilization gives a certain scope, which allows you to dispose of the land in this way.
- Hedge . Refusal of any type of fence, or rather, replacing it with rows of living plants and shrubs. The explanation is simple - the service life of a wooden fence and a growing tree are not comparable (in favor of a tree).
- Reservoir, sometimes irrigation system. If there is no reservoir nearby, the settlers arrange it themselves. Sometimes you can see man-made canals and water towers.
- Forest area. If there is no forest, it is planted from the north and northwest sides. This is done to create a barrier to cold winds.
- Garden and garden. Without this, autonomous existence is unthinkable. The size of these plots is made up of the number of family members. The garden occupies 10-15 acres, and the garden 15-20 acres of land. If there is a need to grow and prepare animal feed in large quantities (on collective farms), common fields are allocated for this.
- Windmills or mini-hydro. Eco-settlements also need energy, like cities, but it is unrealistic, and not necessary, to pull a cable for 200 km. Using the forces of nature, residents provide themselves with electricity.
- Orientation of the house to the sun. The house in the Republic of Poland is located not for the best view from the window, but for reasons of insolation - it should be optimal.
A few words about the house itself. One of the ideas of settlements is to maintain the flow of life with its changes and transformations. In other words, they acknowledge that things are changing. Therefore, capital large houses are found there infrequently. This is done for two reasons. First, the walls of the house (albeit from natural material) separate man from nature. The house itself is considered by the settlers more as a night and winter shelter. Secondly, children who grew up on the estate will still want to arrange the house in their own way, and it will be easier for them to renovate.
How to painlessly break away from civilization
Outlying settlements are not as wild as they might seem. Modern technologies allow you to have any kind of communication even in the remote taiga. 30-40% of the settlers continue to work via the Internet, are engaged in freelancing, analytics or journalism, which is gaining popularity. Since life in the bosom of nature does not require constant expenses and the availability of money, the money earned goes to the development of the community (acquisition of the necessary devices and materials) and charity.
Ecovillages are happy to welcome guests - those who want to learn more about their lives or join later. Foreign ecotourists have the opportunity to look with their own eyes at that part of Russian culture that cannot be conveyed from the pages of a book or theatrical stage. Such settlements are rarely located closer than 200 km to big cities, but this does not stop (wealthy) citizens in an effort to purchase natural products - honey, propolis, oil and much more. Also, production with elements of folk art is developed there - the reconstruction of old looms, forges, architecture. This is not demonstrative, but contributes to the creative realization of the individual.
How to make dreams come true
The Family Homesteads of Russia project is gaining momentum. Thousands of residents of cities and towns every year consciously choose a harmonious life in nature and leave cramped apartments. Interestingly, in their place come the "new townspeople" who came from the periphery, the villages in an attempt to improve the standard of living. Thus, mutual interest is observed and there is a "rotation" of the population in the cities that receive fresh forces. This is an absolute plus for unloading megacities and deconcentration of the population in a country with such a vast territory.
The long-awaited Law "On Family Homesteads" has already been adopted in the Belgorod and Vladimir regions, and a federal bill is currently being considered. According to the idea of the project, every citizen of Russia will have the right to a land plot of 1-1.5 hectares for living and cultivating the land in order to obtain a crop. The land is the basis of the family estate, this term has already been introduced into the workflow. In addition, the bill provides for the organization of settlements on the united plots of estates (tribal settlements) with fully responsible self-organization. This means that the right of settlements to choose their leaders is confirmed by the Law.
The largest and most successful ecovillages in Russia
The very concept of “successful” here lies only in the fact that people do not leave the place they once occupied, but on the contrary, they increasingly arrive and settle there. Therefore, “successful” means “growing and developing”.
Ancestral ecovillages are always growing in width - the arrival of new settlers does not lead to compaction of buildings or living space. Each family immediately builds its own courtyard and house. All ancestral settlements and individual estates always have a sonorous name that speaks of the mood of the founders, who are usually called the creators of the estate.
Settlement of family homesteads Paradise
Founded in 2006. Place - Tyumen region, pos. Metelevo (2 km). The area is 260 hectares.
Nature - mixed forest, hills, ponds and rivers Tura and Olkhovka, suitable for bathing people. More than 100 types of medicinal herbs.
The population is 180 families (780 people), of which 70 families (180 people) are wintering.
The image of the settlement. Residents of Raisky are members of the Ringing Cedars of Tyumen voluntary non-profit partnership (DNP). This form of organization allows:
- legally own land and use it for the purpose of obtaining crops;
- put buildings into operation and assign them addresses for registration;
- choose the current collegial governing body with a seal and the right to sign;
- regulate the rights of patrimonial inheritance of estates according to the laws of the country;
- build roads, bring communications.
This is a completely modern settlement that has all the advantages of civilization - gas, running water, constant voltage, cellular communications, wired internet. The main continent of settlers is urban entrepreneurs, like-minded people. Rayskoye rather resembles an elite suburban village, but in reality it is a generic eco-village with a high level of communication.
The cost of 1 hectare is 7.5 million rubles.
Settlement Rodovoe
Founded in 2008. Place - Tula region, Leninsky and Dubensky district, Aleshinsky rural district, with. Borshchevka and Baboshino. 1st, 3-7 fields are located in the Leninsky district, the 2nd field - in the Dubensky district.The total area is about 600 hectares.
Nature - in the areas of forest 5-7 years, coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests in the district. Reservoirs suitable for swimming.
The population is 150 families (380 people), of which 49 families (140 people) winter.
Infrastructure:
- private kindergarten;
- school and shop in the village (6 km);
- there is a cellular connection;
- some have electricity;
- There is no gas and no plans.
The image of the settlement. There are no bylaws or internal rules. The settlement is actively developing, plots have been allocated for the construction of their own school and general needs. New fields are being explored.
The cost of 1 ha is from 100 to 160 thousand rubles.
Commonwealth of family homesteads Denyovo
Founded in 2004. Location - Pskov region, Loknyansky district.The area is 220 hectares, another 40 hectares are being developed.
Nature - many different areas with forest, copse, clear fields, coniferous, deciduous and mixed forest. The Lovat and Loknya rivers are suitable for swimming.
The population is 120 families (470 people), of which 47 families (130 people) winter.
Infrastructure: there is a cellular connection, public springs, shops and a school - in the nearest settlements. The settlement is developing, a school is being built.
The image of the settlement. Internal way - oral laws, which are based on universal morality, tolerance and mutual respect. For an applicant for a place for his own family estate in Denyovo, a lot depends on communication with the families already living there. The main idea (besides the harmonization of life) is the development of relations between like-minded people from other countries.
Eco- and agro-tourism is developed in the settlement. The Denevo families are trying to decentralize and minimize the element of managing their own society - each family decides for itself what and how to do on its site. The cost of 1 hectare is from 8,500 to 15,000 rubles.
As can be seen from a cursory review, eco-villages can be different - from high-tech and expensive to as close as possible to natural conditions residence. But the main factor in the success of the settlement will always be unanimity. To date, only in Russia there are about 120 ecovillages, 90 of which winter. There are about 100 more settlements under construction. And, finally, about 50 settlements are in the planning stage, that is, a team of like-minded people is being selected or is already looking for a suitable site. Ukraine, Belarus and other countries with fertile lands are also actively developing in this direction.
Autonomy and minimization of resources for life are becoming a decisive factor in the face of complex relations between participants in the global economy. Ecovillages and family homesteads can become a way out and even salvation for hundreds of thousands of people.
I thank Yulia, http://nimfa-nayada.livejournal.com/ for her help in editing and selecting photos and music, thanks to her everything turned out very gently and without swearing))
I talked here yesterday on the same forum with the people, and we started talking about plots and the price for them.
- What kind of plot do you want, - I ask one forum member.
- I, - he says, - do not want a plot, but a hectare of land, so that the neighbors cannot be seen and heard, complete peace and solitude.
- And my friend, - says the second, - went to live in a family estate two years ago, gave birth to her third child there and is happy.
Ancestral home?! What is this? I want a hectare too! Or two. And how much? But as? From the forum, I immediately merged and went to study the Internet. Started at 8pm, finished at 6:15am.
So, the settlements of the Kin's Homesteads.
1. WHAT IS AN ECOLOGICAL VILLAGE?
An ecological settlement (hereinafter referred to as an eco-village) is a rural settlement planned, organized and operating in accordance with certain principles that ensure cleanliness environment and healthy lifestyle of people, sustainable reproduction natural resources self-sufficiency of residents with basic life goods (food, clothing, fuel, building materials) and high level life and social security of the individual.
Ecological settlement population is a voluntary free association of people who are not indifferent to the prevailing modern society environmental crisis and ready to take responsibility for its improvement in a particular place of their residence, bringing increased environmental awareness into their daily practice of life.
The territory of the ecological settlement comprises:
— estates (family estates), in which the families of residents live and at the expense of which they satisfy their basic needs. The area of the estate is determined in such a way that it can accommodate a house and outbuildings, a vegetable garden, a full-fledged garden, forest protective plantings and a hedge, paddocks for small livestock, and possibly a small pond. In Russian ecovillages, the usual size for an estate is 1-2 ha.
— internal roads and communications. In Russian ecovillages, they mainly try to comply with the accepted road standards for holiday villages and rural settlements: the width of the main roads is 10-12 m, the width of the passages between the sites is 3-6 m. Each site should have access from the main road. In the event that an ecological settlement decides to carry out centralized electricity or gas supply, lands should also be allocated for these purposes in accordance with established standards. - other common areas: lands intended for various general settlement activities, including for the construction of buildings and structures , serving the general needs of the settlers (common sources of water supply, places for mass holidays, a Common House for meetings and various cultural events, workshops, parking lots, a hotel, a common bath, etc.).
— meadows and pastures
, intended for mowing and grazing, but also can be used for various cultural events on outdoors.
— common forest
, which is also in common use by the inhabitants of the settlement (picking berries and mushrooms, collecting wild herbs and medicinal plants, logging in in due course etc.)
Ecological settlement activities
in general and its individual inhabitants is usually aimed at:
— production of environmentally friendly agricultural products;
— ideological and informational work on the development and implementation of environmentally friendly technologies and a healthy lifestyle;
- development artistic creativity, folk arts and crafts;
– reception of guests and tourism activities;
– holding mass cultural events, holidays and festivals.
Legal form of ecovillage
in the conditions of modern Russian legislation, which does not contain legal regulation of the status of an ecological settlement, it can be diverse. Some settlements are seeking registration as a new rural locality, others (especially those operating seasonally) receive the status of dacha non-profit partnerships or consumer cooperatives, some are registered as peasant farms, etc. In an environment where the very idea of an ecological settlement is often new and unfamiliar to the authorities, the way it is implemented depends on local characteristics.
Kin's settlements, or Kin's homesteads, are communities of people who call themselves Vedruss, refuse all earthly blessings, which, as they think, litter the brain and soul. This is radio-music-television, in some places electricity (!), Bad habits (alcohol, cigarettes, cursing). They become adherents of this by reading the books of V. Megre (formerly Puzakov; July 23, 1950, the village of Kuznichi) and discovering his forum-fund - Anastasia http://www.anastasia.ru/
Each settlement has its own restrictions, somewhere there are indulgences, somewhere there is none at all. They believe that thoughts are material and we all once, being at home (in the kingdom of souls), we ourselves chose this life path, parents, children, friends and grandchildren, all are interconnected and must walk the earthly path together, hand in hand.
If you are tired of everything, work-friends-relatives, the media, you are just going to visit (guests, by the way, are paid, from 2000-5000 rubles, depending on your capabilities and desires), take food, necessary accessories, sleeping bags, if you are going to stay there for a few days or a week. There are no shops nearby, and it is not always possible to drive a car in winter-spring-autumn. There is an option that you will stomp a few kilometers on foot. You go and look at the life of crazy new peasants and decide for yourself whether it suits you or not.
Each settlement has a leader (which leads to problems in some communities, but more on that below) and Veche (a circle of people who support the leader or not (they support it anyway, otherwise they will ruin relations and they will simply survive after this)). Later, if you show yourself worthy of living, you will also be included in the Veche. Sometimes a leader is overthrown if he has already gone too far and got everyone.
Cutting field
Well, how are you drooling? Then again.
Approximate land surveying schemes - hectares. Uncircled numbers on the plots - the number of acres of hectares.
Where did it come from.
Bought a kind person(he is also the future leader) 20-40 hectares of land (agricultural land, share land with subsequent transfer to NP or IZHS) and called on the people to live there, but with certain rules and way of life. That is, you do not drink, do not smoke, do not swear, in general you behave extremely modestly and rejoice in Mother Nature. You will, of course, pay for the land.
He gave you a hectare or a little more land, at a modest price of 50,000 or 100,000 rubles per hectare. You can, if desired, take 2 plots. In the first 3 years, your land seems to be on lease, this is done so that both you and your new neighbors understand whether it suits you and likes and suits your new neighbors. At any time, you can pack up and leave, then the amount of the fee is fully refunded and the site passes to the next person who wishes. The only thing you lose is that you will not get back your monthly payments, 500 rubles a month, for the entire time that you lived there. If you have already built a house for yourself and decided to leave, the next participant pays for the construction, by agreement. Also, if at the Veche the general meeting decides not to see you as a neighbor (75% of the vote), you must leave the settlement. In general, support the leader, love the neighbors and don't blather.
It is not necessary to live there permanently, but in the future it is highly desirable. Also, you should soon stop eating meat and lacto. Become a vegetarian or even switch to a raw food diet, and better from your garden.
Why is it given 3 years. To understand what kind of person-family came. Whether they are normal people or alcoholic drug addicts who have decided to change their lives in this way. Although, if they do not break, they will be left, no problem.
In order to keep an eye on people, in the evenings, joint gatherings are held in a common house or dinners, where everyone brings something of their own. At the same time, it will become clear whether you are on the path of true vegami or not. You can't go without meat every night if you're a meat eater, can you?
If you plan to live in the city, but come to the settlement only for the summer, get ready to break off. The townspeople don't like it. Because in autumn and winter it will be necessary to build a common bathhouse, a school, clean roads, chop wood, build a school, etc. And if you shirk financial investments in this and do not help physically, then you will most likely be "asked". Because it is much more profitable to have a person in your neighbors who will do all this than to listen to your unlocking. They will tell you so, either you live here, or you return the land and live in the city. This is permanent residence, which is why it is called the Family Homestead. We arrived in the spring, looked at it, got used to it, be so kind as to put up a change house (or rent a house in the nearest village) and build up. Houses, by the way, should also be ecological, that is, timber, wood, lining. Toilet, depending on the sociality of the settlers. Someone has a bucket, someone has a dry closet or a septic tank, a well. And in the event of a person leaving the settlement and a clear overestimation of the value of the property remaining on the land, its assessment is assigned by BTI specialists. As you know, this organization issues rather conservative estimates (underestimated in relation to the market value). This is done so that the settlers clearly understand whether they need it all or not.
There is a wording life tenure with the right to inherit. This wording excludes all questions - a person does not sell or buy land, she is not his. He uses the site, creating an estate on it, and lives ... He simply cannot abandon the site, sell it or use it for other purposes - this is obviously excluded ...
If a person does not start developing a site for two years, then he is not yet ready for this. The fee is returned, the site finds a new owner.
The land belongs to the entire settlement and must be used in accordance with its image and charter (way of life). If a landowner does not use the land or uses it for other purposes, then the General Assembly of the settlement may transfer the land to another person.
There are also solitary settlers who have been so driven by life that they dig dugouts, walk naked or barefoot and eat whatever the forest will give.
One of the advantages of the settlement is constant mutual assistance. You can buy one tractor for all families, one car with a trailer, have one well for several families, a horse with a cart and a plow, tools, etc.
It follows from this that the townspeople, who live in the settlement only in the summer, are responsible for the fact that they increase the financial expenses of permanently residing families at times. It should also be taken into account that in the settlement there is a different spirit, different thoughts, a different attitude to everything, and if you come from the city with your own problems and thoughts, it will be very difficult for you to adjust in the right way. The settlers even speak in an old fashioned way - Good, Prosperity for the Good, Glory, Bright aspirations, Every people needs, Health to your bright thoughts ....
Money and attitude to them:
Some settlers believe that money is the equivalent of energy. So you went to work, worked, and you were given the equivalent of your expended energy. Someday people will give up money and there will be just barter. You give me an iron, I give you a generator and something like that.
In the settlements, everything in common is built jointly and with common money.
Here is a pool, for example, in a not very closed settlement.
Although I found one settlement (other settlements are likely to disown this), where a couple of people work in their specialty on a computer, and some continue to occasionally drink alcohol. They also have electricity and use some of the benefits of civilization, buy computers, scooters, heaters, microwave ovens, etc. Earn on eco-tourism. But this is some kind of distinctive settlement, one of the few. Photos about their life can be viewed here http://land.umonkey.net/photo/, website http://www.chistoe-nebo.org/. It's just that people from this village are not so fans of books by Maigret, Anastasia, etc., they just chose an eco-life for themselves, practically without limiting themselves. It will be interesting to read the settlement forums.
What do they live.
They rent out real estate, work in nearby villages or at sawmills, and the most advanced settlements (who are categorically not inclined to return even partially to an ordinary, evil life), earn money by gardening and selling nature products - vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, honey. Some breed birds for sale and dogs. By the way, fertilizers should also be exclusively organic, in no case any chemistry. They also collect and sell mushrooms and berries. Well, plus ecotourism, you can come and live in a guest house for a couple of days, like local seminars, like How to learn to love yourself etc.
They can sow a couple of sacks of potatoes in the spring, make an advance payment and pick up the harvest in the fall. Or honey. Some settlements have a common Russian oven for baking bread, their own sawmills, solar panels, carpentry workshops, organize fairs http://ecoby.info/jarmarka, joint holidays, celebrate domestic holidays, birthdays, weddings, weddings.
Dress. Women wear long skirts, men wear regular clothes, t-shirts, sweaters. Children also dress normally, but the girls also have long skirts.
By the way, about children. Children in completely hermitage settlements are home-schooled. Either they are taught by their parents themselves, or by a visiting teacher, or their own school is being built. Exams then externally. They give birth, by the way, at home, with relatives, friends and husband. Children immediately enter a large society that lives by the same ideas as their parents, and these children are included in the life of the settlement from an early age, they understand all its problems and values, they form a stable, consistent view of the world. Children see good strong families, which means that they themselves will be able to create the same ones.
In one settlement there is such a topic - a voluntary donation, as much as you can, except for those notorious 500 rubles a month. So with this money they themselves built a house for the teacher.
An interesting option would be to divide the entire territory of the ecovillage into two autonomous “micro-districts” - one for permanent residence (where it is the collective of permanent residents who manages free land and plans and implements infrastructure, common plots, etc. without the need to obtain the consent of the townspeople), and the other for seasonal living (also self-driving). And the general issues of the entire settlement (for example, building a road to the settlement, electrification, organizing joint events, etc.) will be decided at a general meeting of both "microdistricts". I think that in this case, the mutual claims of the townspeople and settlers will be reduced to a minimum. If even a few settlements do this, it will simply be impossible to ignore some important findings.
In winter, visiting neighbors in many settlements is unrealistic, especially in those where even common roads are not cleaned. I'm not talking about the fact that it will be unrealistic for you to go to another site according to your hectare. If only skis.
It is good if the settlement is large and for many families. Because if you need, for example, electricity, then in order to stretch wires for 1.5 km and stretch them across sections (each from Ha and above), the Ark settlement paid 3,200,000 rubles.
Backfilling the road is also expensive.
10% of the territory of the settlement should be allocated for general needs.
The 1st section is the Common House, a parking lot for guests, a playground, a utility block for the Common House, etc. The 2nd section is the production part: a workshop, a sawmill + a garage for car repairs, a parking lot for tractors, a lumber warehouse, etc. 3rd section - a glade for holidays and cultural events (with devices for youthful fun, etc.). Another 2 hectares - Common Pond. In addition, there is also a common bath and a common well in the Ark.
In one estate, all plots are hexagonal. The plots are in the form of honeycombs, and in the center of each ring of six plots is one common. Those. common areas occupy one-seventh (14%) of the territory of the settlement, and are located near each estate. Such a planning provides rich conditions for future social life.
Also, do not forget about the administration and officials who will be very interested in the settlement, especially if it takes place near the village or any other settlement, because. the inhabitants of that point, seeing strange people in old Slavic clothes, at first they will simply be wary, and then, quite possibly, they will run to complain to the administration. And she will gladly arrange a check. And if the lands are intended for agriculture or development, and they are all overgrown with weeds and are not cultivated in any way, then the administration has the right to make a warning, and not help, and generally withdraw.
Or a sect. Although no one seems to oblige you to sell an apartment, house, townhouse, etc.
But in general, it's a dumb thing, because you never know who will be your neighbor. It can be like a top manager who was offended, fired at work and he decided to quit everything and become enlightened, or an inmate from the zone who has nowhere to go, maybe a great person and a maniac. Yes, anyone. A bad people they are excellent at building artiodactyl sheep out of themselves, and you never know what it will result in. It may or may not be on the path to recovery. And you have children. And 2 hectares of land with free passage, not counting the hedge of trees, self-planting.
Conclusion: There are many settlements, everyone who wants to move closer to nature can choose the most suitable for himself, with or without concessions. A requirement for each settlement is the absence of bad habits such as alcohol, drugs, swearing and smoking. You cannot live without electricity, choose with electricity, you cannot live without a computer - with the Internet, the proximity of towns and villages. Shops come to some settlements.
You can become a leader yourself, that is, buy a certain number of hectares of land, make a website, and invite settlers. At least you can ask for a police clearance certificate. Moreover, the purchase, for example, 20 hectares of land within 60 km from Moscow, can be found for 10 million, that is, 400,000 per hectare, plus the cost of registration and transfer from agricultural land for about 120 USD per hundred square meters. You can find people, find land and chip in. Buy land, write your own rules and invite like-minded people.
The most important thing is that no one is deceived, so that you can honestly tell each newcomer what he can get in your settlement and what not. So that there is no resentment either on the part of the settlers, or on the part of those who waited for six whole years until they created conditions for moving, but only waited for the land to be taken from him for non-use and transferred to another.
If you are nevertheless imbued with my article and decide to leave to live in a settlement with a leader, then look at a standard of living that is more suitable for your family, so that later you do not run away dropping your slippers.
Each settlement has Image of the Settlement, this image of the leader, how he wants to see his settlement, the people who will live nearby. If you do not agree with him, I advise you to look for another settlement, sooner or later, you will find it.
By the way, Orthodox Church does not support such settlements.
If someone has been reading about such settlements for a long time and imbued, they can look for their own here: http://www.poselenia.ru/forum/topic/681
http://lj.rossia.org/community/ru_ic/1984.html
But take into account this post http://ekologinews.blogspot.ru/2012/08/3_4.html
Also on the Internet there is such a thing as a house of friends in nature. The man bought houses and invites those who wish to communicate with nature to come and live there. For free.
http://shestero.backtothelander.info/?curdir=/020.common_house The rules are the same. Don't smoke, don't drink, don't swear.
Settlement Forum
It has been legally possible to obtain land for a family estate in Russia for free since 2015. In this case, one should be based on the very concept of the estate, which includes a detailed description of the allotment, starting from the purposes of using the land and ending with a list of buildings that should be built on the territory. The order of the procedure, as well as all sorts of nuances, will help to carry out the process and get the land area free of charge.
The legal definition of a family homestead explains that it is considered to be an allotment of land that is not subject to division, transferred into the possession of a family or an individual adult citizen of the Russian Federation for the purpose of maintaining a household plot and building a house with subsequent living in it.
In this case, the emphasis should be placed precisely on providing a plot for the use of a family, on the living conditions of future generations in a building erected on an exploited territory. If a foreign person wants to receive land, you will first need to apply for citizenship Russian Federation and only then apply for the acquisition of allotment.
The status of a family estate clearly excludes the sale, exchange, donation, registration for lease use to another person and other options for legal transactions regarding the territory used. The transfer of an allotment can be carried out only by the right of inheritance or on the basis of a voluntary assignment to one of the close members of the family.
It is allowed to receive a plot for the creation of a family homestead on a gratuitous basis only once. In this case, the allotment is handed over for life possession with the possibility of transfer land area by inheritance.
An obligatory characteristic of a site used as a family estate is its area, which is at least 1 ha. This size is optimal for the construction of a house and buildings necessary for conducting economic activities, as well as the development of such areas as crop production, animal husbandry. The latter can act as an additional or main income for the family living on the site. In addition, other options for arranging the territory are also acceptable, including the construction of artificial reservoirs, planting forests, and so on.
The standard size of a plot for a family estate may vary depending on the regional location of such - in some areas there may be deviations up or down. There are no other restrictions in terms of the size of the territory for the estate, in other words, a competent justification will allow you to get 10, 20, 30 or more hectares of land for use.
Where can I get
A plot for a family estate can be obtained in any part of the country, since the state has identified vast territories for the creation of such. The only condition here is the appropriate category of designated purpose of the land where the plot of interest is located.
A list of territories allotted for the creation of an estate with the construction of a house and other buildings is available in each regional office cadastre at the local administration. The list is formed by authorized persons in the regional centers, and then approved and certified by the federal cadastre body.
It is important to clarify that the interested person cannot independently select an allotment for creating an estate, since the list of potential plots for these purposes was previously determined and approved by the municipality and federal authorities. The only option may be the selection of already approved areas, fixed as territories for family homesteads.
The procedure for obtaining an allotment for a family estate
To obtain a land area, you will need to contact the administration of the region where you would like to live and write an application of the established form. After the consent of the authorities, the allotment is given to a specific family or citizen free of charge and with the right to use for life.
If 3 or more families are interested in creating an estate, each of them must apply. In this case, the territory is assigned the status of a village, and the municipality undertakes the obligation to lay engineering networks in the specified area.
One way or another, in order to legitimize the ownership of the allotment, it will be necessary to carry out the following actions:
- Selection of a site from the list of territories approved for the creation of family homesteads. Obtaining an extract from the USRN on the absence of an owner and confirmation that such is in the possession of the state.
- Clarification of information through a visit to the land committee regarding the presence of encumbrances on the selected site, for example, arrests, prohibitions. If there are no restrictions, you should obtain a document confirming this fact.
- Submission of an application for the provision of land for a family homestead to local governments.
Along with the application form, you will need to provide a development plan for the site, as well as a document on the survey and registration of its boundaries. Additionally, a permit from the cadastre for the use of the land should be attached.
Here it is worth clarifying that there is no clearly regulated procedure for obtaining an allotment for an estate. In any case, you will need to contact the cadastral authorities to obtain an approved list of territories, and then visit the administration in order to clarify the progress of the procedure and submit an application.
Features of the use of the territory
Family estates are not taxed, since the land is allocated for the family to live and provide it with everything necessary for life, by growing vegetables and fruits on the land, as well as raising livestock. According to this, the estate is not considered a commercial entity whose activities are aimed at making a profit, but at the same time, citizens have the right to sell surpluses of the resulting products.
An important point is the possibility of farming on the estate only if the use of the allotment is formalized. In a different situation, the operation of the site is equated to the unauthorized seizure of the territory, which implies a fine and other sanctions from the state.
To be eligible for ownership, the following conditions must be met:
- erect a capital residential building within 1 year from the date of receipt of the land;
- carry out the registration procedure for all family members in the built house.
Mandatory to conduct on the territory of the estate economic activity any kind, such as planting a garden.
Manor Requirements
The status of the family homestead assigned to the site must be confirmed without fail based on the fulfillment of a number of requirements for it.
The list of mandatory actions performed on the territory of the allotment includes:
- construction of a residential building within 3 years from the date of transfer of the site for the creation of an estate;
- the construction of a capital fence, a fence that separates the territory used for the estate from the land located nearby;
- on all sides, the allotment should be surrounded by paths and paths, while the size of the latter should be 2-3 times less than the width of the roads.
As a fence, regulations recommend the construction of a hedge. Vegetation will not only provide silence, but also greatly improve the air quality near the estate, hiding it from dust, polluted air and protecting it from wind erosion.
The fence parameters must meet the following requirements:
- the width should be in the range from 3 to 10 meters;
- the allowable height varies from 15 to 20 meters.
It is also necessary to maintain a natural fence in the proper form, cutting it in a timely manner, shaping and providing the plants with proper care.
Additionally, all estate owners, without exception, are required to carry out the following activities:
- preservation of the state of the land and its fertility through measures aimed at its restoration;
- development of land and its intended use, aimed at protecting land from overgrowing with weeds and other vegetation in a chaotic manner;
- carry out measures for the protection and protection of water bodies, lands, forests and other resources, using various methods, the main of which is fire safety.
And, of course, living in a natural area, one should take care of its cleanliness, avoiding the creation of landfills, excluding contamination of the soil and the surrounding space with various hazardous wastes.
A family or a citizen of Russia who has reached the age of majority can receive a land allotment for the creation of a family estate. You will need to carefully study all the nuances of the process and prepare Required documents. The procedure can be carried out only once by submitting an appropriate application to the territorial self-government body.