9th Guards Airborne Division. State Defense Committee
fighting
9th Guards Airborne Division in battles near the city of Kremenchug
September 26 - October 10, 1943.
The division was formed on December 15, 1942 in accordance with the order of the headquarters of the Supreme Command No. 00253 of December 8, 1942 from the 204th, 211th airborne brigades and the 1st maneuver airborne brigade as 9th Guards airborne division(Guards VDD), on the territory of the Moscow region. The division took a direct part in the battles for Poltava. As a result of the night battle from 22 to 23 September, the 9th Guards. VDD together with parts of the 95th Guards. The SD liberated the city of Poltava from the Nazi invaders. By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin's division was given the honorary name - "Poltava"!
Battle map of the 9th Guards. VDD for the city of Poltava
from the Journal of Combat Actions (ZhBD) of the 26th Guards. airborne regiment.
TsAMO Archive, Fund 6971, Inventory 204697, Case 1
After the capture of Poltava, part of the 9th Guards. VDD as part of the 33rd Guards. Rifle Corps (Guards SK), continued to advance in a southwestern direction, vigorously pursuing the retreating enemy. On September 25, parts of the division reached the river. Govtva in the area with. Bunyakovka and by the morning of September 26 we reached the river. Psel in the area with. Manuilovka. By the middle of the day, the division reached the line of the embankment of the unfinished railway, where it met fierce resistance from the enemy and entered the battle.
The division included:
23rd Guards Airborne Regiment (Guards VDP) under the command of Guards. major Rezun Ivan Vasilyevich;
26th Guards Airborne Regiment (Guards VDP) under the command of Guards. lieutenant colonel Kashpersky Grigory Manuilovich(The list of commanding and commanding staff of the regiment is given in the document GBD-01 - GBD-04);
28th Guards Airborne Regiment (Guards VDP) under the command of Guards. major Ponomareva Vasily Andreevich a;
7th Guards Airborne Artillery Regiment (Guards VD AP) under the command of Guards. lieutenant colonel Valuev Vasily Kuzmich;
10th Guards Airborne Separate Anti-tank Fighter Division (Guards VD OIPTD) under the command of Guards. captain Kravtsov;
8th Guards Airborne Separate Reconnaissance Company (Guards VD RR) under the command of Guards. ml. lieutenant Kalinkin;
10th Guards Airborne Separate Engineer Battalion (Guards VD OSBt.) under the command of Guards. Art. lieutenant Shapiro Samuil Abramovich;
2nd Guards Medical Battalion (Guards MSB), under the command of a military doctor of the ІІІ rank Ozmidova Vadima Sergeevich a;
- Other parts of the provision.
Commanded the 9th Guards. Poltava Airborne Division Guards. colonel Sazonov Alexander Mikhailovich.
Chief of Staff - Mrs. lieutenant colonel Goryachev Alexey Yakovlevich.
By the middle of the day on September 26, with the support of units of the 1st mechanized corps (MK), the enemy was knocked down from their positions and hastily retreated south to the next defensive line in the area with. Iosipiv (Osipovka) - Yanki and organized the crossing of his units to the right bank of the river. Psel near the right-bank village of Kovali.
Leading a firefight with the German rearguards, 9 Guards. By the end of the day, the VDD reached the line with. Knishivka - Dovga Rowing - Manki.
On the morning of September 27, the division continued its offensive along the left bank of the river. Psel. By 12 o'clock, units of the division, knocking down enemy barriers, advanced 8 km and reached the areas:
26th Guards. VDP took x. Fires (now the village of Zapsilye);
23rd Guards. VDP took s. Malyuki (now the village of Kramarenki);
28th Guards. VDP went to the northern outskirts of the village. Suki (now the village of Kramarenki).
32nd separate armored car battalion of the 1st MK and 28th Guards. VDP with a swift attack knocked out the enemy from the village. Bitches, sowing panic among the German units defending the village. At these lines, the 9th Guards. The Airborne Forces went on the defensive, went into the reserve of the commander of the 33rd Guards. SC. The remaining parts of the corps (6th Guards Airborne Division, 95th Guards Rifle Division and the main units of the 1st MK) crossed the river. Psel in the area with. Manzheliya and launched an offensive along the right bank of the river. Psel.
As follows from the documents on the irretrievable losses of the 9th Guards. VDD from the archives of TsAMO, the losses of the division on September 27 amounted to three people. Two fighters from the 28th and one from the 23rd Guards VDP were killed. From the 28th Guards. VDP:
guards ml. sergeant Belykh Ivan Andreevich, born in 1921;
guards Private Kharlamov Nikolai Petrovich, born in 1925;
According to TsAMO documents, the place of their death and burial is “300 meters. east of the city of Kremenchug”, which is not true. The same place of death and burial is also registered for the fighters of this regiment, who died in the battle for Kremenchug during September 29-30, although during this day the regiment fought, about 8 km. And on September 27, the regiment was still far from Kremenchug. To the eastern outskirts of Kremenchug, the regiment had to go, with battles, about 14 - 15 km. two days of continuous fighting!
From the 23rd Guards. VDP, according to TsAMO documents, on September 27, guards died. Private Shabalkin Viktor Pavlovich, born in 1914. If the place of death of a fighter in the TsAMO documents is indicated correctly - “On the northern outskirts of Kremenchug near the railway. booths"
(at the railway booths - author's note), then the date of his death cannot be September 27. 23rd Guards. The VDP fought at this crossing on September 29, 1943.
All three dead soldiers of the 9th Guards. VDD, are listed as buried in the mass grave No. 2 of the Reevsky cemetery, but the place of their actual burial remains unknown.
September 28 9th Guards. VDD crossed the river. Psel in the area with. Omelnik and continued the offensive in a southerly direction, being in the second echelon of the corps.
During the construction of the crossing across the river, sappers of the 10th Guards distinguished themselves. a separate sapper battalion under the command of a company commander of the Guards. lieutenant Razgulyaev Pavel Efimovich. They quickly fortified a light bridge for crossing the river with infantry and thus made it possible to transport not only soldiers, but also guns across it. For courage and ability to clearly manage the work of his unit, Guards. lieutenant Razgulyaev P.E. was awarded the Order of the Red Star. Guns of the 7th Guards. AP occupied battle formations in the area with. Omelnik.
The Germans were shelling the village from the heights around the village. From the artillery and mortar fire of the Germans, two artillerymen were killed at the firing position of the regiment, among them the commander of the 9th battery of the Guards. lieutenant Tolstikov Konstantin Ivanovich and gun commander guards Sergeant Shershov Danil Nikolaevich. Near the village of Omelnik, the commander of a rifle company of the 23rd Guards died a heroic death. VDP Guards. Lieutenant Khetagurov Dmitry Archilovich. They were buried in a mass grave c. Omelnik. Unfortunately, the surname of Mrs. Sergeant Shershov D.N. on the memorial plates of the mass grave with. Omelnik is missing.
The Germans strongly fortified with. Bordyuga (does not exist now), lying south of the village. Omelnik. Our units did not manage to push the enemy and drive him out of the village.
Artillery pieces were moved into the infantry battle formations to accompany the attack on direct fire. The gunners, despite the dense machine-gun and rifle fire of the enemy, opened fire on the bunkers and firing points of the Germans.
Yes, Mrs. ml. lieutenant Kolondadze Grigory Grigorievich, commanding a firing platoon of 76 mm guns of the 23rd Guards. VDP with accurate fire destroyed and dispersed up to a company of German machine gunners, who had settled in the trenches on the way of the regiment. For courage and heroism shown in this battle, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star.
5th battery of the 2nd division of the 7th Guards. VD AP occupied closed firing positions in the area with. Omelnik. For firing from closed positions, the connection of the battery with the observation post (NP) is of paramount importance! Without this connection, the guns of the battery are not capable of firing. Commander of the communications department of the 7th Guards. VD AP Guards. sergeant Lyalkov Alexey Stepanovich, under machine-gun and mortar fire of the enemy, he maintained continuous communication between the firing battery and the NP. Despite the danger to life, he repeatedly repaired damage to the communication line, which ensured effective battery fire on the positions of the Germans dug in at the height. On commands from the NP, the gunner of the 5th battery of the 2nd division of the 7th Guards accurately aimed the guns at the target. VD AP Guards. sergeant Makarenko Vasily Timofeevich. For courage and heroism shown in this battle, these fighters of the 5th battery were awarded medals "For Courage"
In this battle, another signalman also distinguished himself, but already the 3rd rifle battalion of the 28th Guards. VDP foreman of the communications company of the Guards. Art. sergeant Timofeev Vasily Mikhailovich. He ensured continuous telephone communication between the unit and the battalion command post and, under heavy machine-gun and mortar fire from the Germans, repaired 12 damage to the communication line. Sergeant Timofeev V.M. Awarded with the medal "For Courage"
The Germans tried to dislodge our units from the captured positions and launched a counterattack from the side of the village. Borders with the use of tanks of the SS division "Totenkopf" ( SS-Panzer-Division "Totenkopf"
). 1st division of the 7th Guards. VD AP took the blow of the tanks on itself. The gunner of the guards. Sergeant Aronin Lipad Fridmanovich managed to knock out an enemy T-6 tank with an accurate shot of his ZiS-3 gun. After that, the Germans stopped the attack and retreated to their original positions. For courage and bravery shown in repelling enemy tanks Guards. sergeant Aronin Lipad Fridmanovich was awarded the Order of the Red Star.
By the middle of the day on September 28, units of the division reached the intersection of meadow roads near the village. Bordyuga, where they met strong fire resistance from the Germans from the side of the village. Duki (does not exist now) and s. Fedorenko. Breaking the resistance of the Germans 9th Guards. The Airborne Forces managed to advance several kilometers and, by the end of the day on September 28, take s. Duki.
The battle for the city of Kremenchug has entered its final phase. On the morning of September 29, units of the 5th Guards. The armies and units of the 53rd Army of the Steppe Front launched a decisive offensive against Kremenchug in all directions. After breaking through parts of the 1st MK of the German defense at the heights of the village. Donovka (now Rakito-Donovka), it became clear that the Germans could no longer hold the city of Kremenchug. They began to retreat to the Dnieper bridges and crossings and cross to the right bank of the river.
Our command was well aware that the more fascists were destroyed on the left bank of the Dnieper, the weaker their resistance would be on the right bank of the river, which units of the 5th Guards had to force. Arm. and 53rd Arm. Therefore, all possible measures were taken to prevent an organized withdrawal of enemy units across the Dnieper.
Great importance in the situation was given to intelligence. It was impossible to prevent the withdrawal of enemy units from the battle and their evacuation to the other side of the Dnieper.
On September 28, a group of scouts of the 23rd Airborne Forces under the command of Deputy. com. regiment in the combat unit of the Guards. Art. lieutenant Rogalsky Vitaly Vladimirovich secretly crossed the river. Psel behind the enemy front line. The scouts got close to the dugouts of the Germans and began to observe. Having found out the order of the enemy's service, with the onset of darkness, the scouts attacked one of the dugouts. As a result of a daring attack, two Vlasovites were captured, and several more were destroyed. The prisoners were delivered to the division commander. For a brilliantly conducted sortie behind enemy lines, Guards. Art. Lieutenant Rogalsky V.V. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class.
On the morning of September 29, a group of scouts from the 8th separate reconnaissance company, under the command of the commander of a foot reconnaissance platoon of the 23rd Guards. VDP Guards. lieutenant Moskvich Grigory Vasilievich a, having changed into a German uniform and taking advantage of the fog in area x. Dziuba imperceptibly joined a large group of Germans, about 40-45 people, who were retreating towards Kremenchug. Having approached the closing combat guard of the German column, the scouts suddenly attacked German soldiers. Group commander Mrs. Lieutenant Moskvich G.V. shot a German officer and two infantrymen, captured two more. The prisoners were thrown onto the road and gagged. The German column, suspecting nothing, continued to move. When the distance increased to 70-80 steps, the scouts opened fire on them from machine guns. The Germans in a panic rushed to flee, which was used by the advancing paratroopers of the 23rd Guards. VDP. Dziuba's farm was captured without losses on our part, and the captured German, along with documents, was delivered to the division command. The scouts who especially distinguished themselves in this sortie, the commander of the guards department. Private Karelsky Petr Semenovich and Mrs. Private Romanovsky Alexander Antonovich, for the capture of a valuable prisoner, they were awarded the Order of the Red Star. Group commander Mrs. Lieutenant Moskvich Grigory Vasilyevich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Having discovered the withdrawal of German units from the occupied lines, parts of the 9th Guards. The Airborne Forces began an energetic pursuit of the retreating enemy.
Right-flank 28th Guards. VDP reached the line x. Yarina - x. Sliptsy and was stopped by strong artillery and mortar fire from units of the SS division "Totenkopf". Left-flank 23rd Guards. VDP reached the line x. Dziuba and, knocking down the rearguards of the enemy, advances in the direction of x. Gorpenki and railway crossing in the direction of Kremenchug - with. Streams (Poltava direction) The 204th grenadier infantry regiment(gpp) of the 106th infantry division (pd), attached to the 320th pd of the Germans.
By 17 o'clock the regiments of the 9th Guards. VDD went to the borders:
28th Guards. VDP - eastern outskirts of the village. Bolshaya Kokhnovka;
23rd Guards. VDP - overcame the tract Kagamlytskoye, saddled the railway. Kremenchug - Poltava and broke into the village. Rats (now the village of Sosnovka);
26th Guards. The VDP part of its forces bypassed the Kagamlytsky tract along the eastern coast and is moving along the sand dunes in the direction of Malaya Kokhnovka - x. Khorozhevka (now 3rd Zanasyp);
In the battle for Rats for the second time that day, a scout of the 23rd Guards distinguished himself. VDP Guards. lieutenant Moskvich Grigory Vasilievich. Advancing with scouts ahead of his regiment, he reconnoitered the situation in the village and the enemy forces. The Germans were preparing to burn the village. Guards lieutenant Moskvich G.V. reported the situation in the village to the command of the regiment and decided to immediately attack the Germans. By this time, a company of submachine gunners under the command of Guards had approached the village. lieutenant Kravchenko Fedor Danilovich a. In the battle formations of the company was the Komsomol organizer of the 23rd Guards. VDP Guards. Art. lieutenant Koltashev Viktor Grigorievich. Quickly assessing the situation, he was the first to go on the attack and dragging the company’s fighters with a shout of “Hurrah!” rushed at the Germans. He was supported by the fighters of the company, led by their commander. With cries of "Hurrah!" they rushed forward. The Germans were confused, and then, throwing down their torches, they fled. Part of the Germans was destroyed, two were captured. The Germans failed to burn the village. For decisive actions in the battle for the village of Rats, the commanders of the 23rd Guards. VDP st. lieutenant Koltashev Viktor Grigorievich and Mrs. lieutenant Kravchenko Fedor Danilovich were awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class. and the medal "For Courage", respectively.
After 70 years, we examined the battlefield between the village. Rats (now Sosnovka) - with. Laborers (now the village of Dzerzhinskoye) - with. Malaya Kokhnovka is the eastern outskirts of B. Kokhnovka (now the village of Lashki). This area is sand dunes. Currently, they are planted with pine plantations of different ages. During the time that has passed since the war, large areas of the terrain have changed a lot. A new branch of the railway appeared, Predgorochnaya and Sorting Stations, Rail Welding Train No. 11 was transferred from Kryukov, a plant for reinforced concrete sleepers was built, city sewage treatment facilities, parks of the sapper battalion ... Thus, it is no longer possible to carry out search work on a vast territory. Therefore, the whole picture of the battle cannot be restored in full. But a large number of enemy firing points were identified, systematized, and mapped using a GPS navigator. More than 2,500 artifacts from the battles of September 1941 and September 1943 were found on this battlefield. Basically, these are German shots, both small arms and automatic weapons (MG-34 and MG-42 machine guns), shots of Soviet PPSh and RPDs, a lot of fragments of mines and shells, a lot of bullets, almost exclusively from Mosin cartridges.
The fighting here was conducted by the 23rd Guards. VDP and one battalion of the 26th Guards. VDP against units of the 320th German Infantry Division. Combat map .
From the location of the German firing points marked on the map, it can be seen that there was no continuous line of defense in this area. The Germans covered the few roads that led to the city of Kremenchug. As our units advanced, the Germans retreated towards the city of Kremenchug and the Dnieper crossings.
The firing points (OT) of the Germans discovered on the outskirts of the village of Krysy covered the western coast of the Kogamlyk tract, which was a heavily swampy area, from 200 m to 100 m wide with swampy banks. There were bridges across the tract: a railway and a small wooden bridge leading from the Kremenchug-Poltava highway to the village. Rats.
The firing points were the positions of machine guns and shooters (marked on the map with the numbers "1, 2, 2a"). This line of German defense on the map is conventionally marked "L-1". Among the houses on the northwestern outskirts of the village were the positions of a 105 mm battery of light field howitzers. 10.5 cm leFH 18
.
In total, over two hundred spent shell casings were found at these firing positions. Particularly intense shooting was carried out from the OT, located on the edge of the rural cemetery, marked on the map with the number "2". The firing points marked on the map "4a and 4" probably covered the withdrawal of the Germans from the village. Rats to the next line of defense. German machine guns MG-42 and MG-34, respectively, fired from these positions.
The next line of German defense is conventionally marked on the map "L-2". This line of defense covered the junction of roads coming from the village. Rats to x. Khorozhevka and further to Kremenchug. On the high sand dunes, the Germans set up several MG machine guns, and there were firing cells nearby. We found more than 700 spent cartridges on this line of defense. The Germans mainly fired from positions marked on the map with the numbers "6" and "7". It is not possible to determine how long the Germans held this line. Based on the dynamics of the battle of the 23rd Guards. The VDP fought for about an hour, and then they retreated to the next defensive line, which stretched from the southeastern outskirts of the village. B. Kokhnovka (now the village of Lashki), through the sand dunes to the western outskirts of the village. Laborers (now the village of Dzerzhinskoye). On the map, this line of defense is marked "L-3, L-4, L-5".
Frontier on both sides of the railway covered the firing points, which were located on the outskirts of the village itself. B. Kokhnovka (right side of the railway) and on the sandy hills on the left side of the railway. On the map, these firing points are marked with the numbers "8" and "8a". From these firing points, an MG-34 machine gun and a group of shooters fired. On the right side of the railway the German shot was not found, and this is understandable - the firing points were located among the houses of the rural outskirts. It should also be noted that a new railway line ran through this area. The soil for its filling was taken from the railway adjacent to the railway. terrain, therefore, if there was a German shot with OT, it has not survived to our time. But on a small high-rise, we found the shooting of our PPSh.
South of the railway in the area of \u200b\u200bheight with a mark of 80.2 there was a firing line where it was found largest number enemy firing points. This part of the area has not yet been fully surveyed. Each new entry into the "field" brings additional finds of various artifacts. Basically, these are spent German shells. To date, the number of spent cartridges found at this line exceeds 1350 pieces. In the height area with a mark of 80.2 at the line "L-4" 14 enemy firing points were installed. So far, it is impossible to establish the dynamics of the battle in this area: the Germans changed the positions of their machine guns, gradually moving away towards x. Khorozhevka or "stood to the last" and at the same time retreated from here to the Dnieper crossings, hiding behind small barriers. This could be established by an examination of the shell casings found at the positions. But so far it is not possible to conduct such an examination.
Analyzing the places of the found artifacts, it can be assumed that the battle at this height turned into a hand-to-hand combat phase. Among the German shells, shells of PPSh and Mosin cartridges were found (marked on the map with red circles), compactly located parabellum shells were found (marked on the map with a blue circle with a yellow center). But the biggest mystery is the compactly found shells of the ShVAK cannon. When fired from an aircraft, these cartridge cases would have been scattered over a large area, and they were found in almost one point. Consequently, the shooting was carried out from the ground installation of the ShVAK gun. However, there is no mention of such an installation in parts of the 9th Guards. WDD, I couldn't find it.
Cartridges 9x19 mm Parabellum, |
Bullets from Mosin cartridges, |
|
26th Guards. VDP was in the reserve of the commander of the 9th Guards. VDD. Only one of his battalions took part in active hostilities, providing the left flank of the division. The fighters of this battalion bypassed the Kagamlyk tract along the eastern shore, bypassing the village. Rats from the east and moved along the sand dunes in the direction of Malaya Kokhnovka - x. Horuzhevka. The Germans left small barriers here, dug in on the tops of the sand dunes. Knocking them out of position was far from easy. From the high dunes, the terrain was clearly visible and the machine gunner could keep a wide area at gunpoint.
To combat such firing points, a detachment was organized led by the party organizer of the Guards regiment. captain Mishko Ivan Makarovich. Using the folds of the terrain, a group of guards. captain Mishko secretly approached enemy firing points and destroyed them, opening the way for the battalion to the next line. Acting in this way, the group of Guards. captain Mishko destroyed up to 25 Germans, ensuring the exit of the battalion to the area of the quarry (now the Malokakhnovsky quarry), and then access to the bank of the river. Dnieper in the area of bridges across the Dnieper. For the skillful leadership of the battle group and personal courage in the battles for the city of Kremenchug, guards. captain Mishko Ivan Makarovich was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II class.
Battalion of the 26th Guards. VDP moved along the road x. Khristichi (now the village of Potoky) - with. Malaya Kokhnovka. In the offensive zone of the rifle battalion of the 26th Guards. VDP, among the sand dunes, we found two firing points, marked on the map with the numbers "3" and "3a", (line "L-5"). The German riflemen who survived in these positions quickly retreated to the village. M. Kokhnovka. They were forced to hurry up by the fact that parts of the 116th SD of the 53rd Arm. went out to M. Kokhnovka from the side of the village. Laborers (now the village of Dzerzhinskoye). Fearing to be cut off from the main forces of the 320th Infantry Division, the Germans left this sector of defense.
Near the eastern edge of M. Kokhnovka was found shot with a PPSh machine gun. The battle in this place was fought by soldiers of the 116th SD of the 53rd Army. This point on the map is indicated by a red circle and the number "22".
It is not possible to trace the further route of the Germans' withdrawal along this road. After the war, city sewage treatment plants, settling ponds, large-diameter pipelines were built on this site. No traces of hostilities can be found anymore.
In addition to these finds, shells and bullets from the Browning M2 large-caliber aircraft machine gun were found in different places on the battlefield. Obviously, Airacobra aircraft, which the Soviet Union received under Lend-Lease from the United States, fired here. In total, four shell casings and three bullets were found.
Model weight and size cartridge 12,7x99 mm .50 BMG |
Cartridge bullets 12,7x99 mm .50 BMG , |
These are the brief results of the analysis of artifacts found on the battlefield.
By 19 o'clock the 28th Guards. VDP went to the north-eastern outskirts of the city of Kremenchug, 23rd Guards. VDP approached x. Khoruzhevka (3rd Zanasyp). Here the advance of the fighters of the regiment was stopped by the German machine gunners of the 320th German Infantry Division. The commander of the foot reconnaissance squad of the 23rd Guards. VDP Guards. sergeant Molodtsov Efim Vladimirovich, got close to the machine gunners and suddenly opened fire on them from his machine gun. One German was killed, the other was captured. For courage and courage shown in this battle, Guards. Sergeant Molodtsov Efim Vladimirovich was awarded the medal "For Courage". The advanced battalion of the regiment captured x. Khoruzhevka and moving along the railway line. Kremenchug - Poltava, went to the eastern outskirts of the city of Kremenchug.
26th Guards. The VDP advanced units went to the Malokohnovsky quarry and continued to move towards the Dnieper crossings.
Street fighting began in the city. The Germans offered fierce resistance, clinging to every house. Often the fights turned into hand-to-hand fights. Parts of the 9th Guards. The Airborne Forces slowly advanced towards the Dnieper, clearing the ruins of houses from the enemy, for, leaving the Germans, they blew up the city. There were practically no surviving houses.
By 3 o'clock in the morning of the 26th Guards. The VDP reached the bridges across the Dnieper, which the Germans had already blown up by this time.
23rd Guards. The VDP went to the Dnieper at the Kryukovsky bridge and the area of the ruins of the former sawmills, and the 28th Guards. Even before 4 am on September 30, the VDP suppressed the resistance of small German groups and reached the banks of the Dnieper in the area of the pier.
In street battles for Kremenchug, many fighters and commanders of the 9th Guards distinguished themselves. VDD. There is no way in a short article to list all the exploits of the soldiers and commanders of the 9th Poltava Guards Airborne Division. I will dwell only on some examples of the feats accomplished in the battles for the liberation of Kremenchug.
23rd Guards. VDP advanced on both sides of the railway. Kremenchug-Poltava. Here is a description of some of the exploits of the soldiers and commanders of this regiment in the battles for the city of Kremenchug.
In the ruins adjacent to the railway. streets, the Germans organized many firing points blocking the advance of our fighters. To eliminate them, the commander of the 1st battalion of the Guards. captain and senior adjutant of the battalion of the Guards. Art. lieutenant Nevmerzhitsky Ilya Mikhailovich created small assault groups from among the fighters of the battalion and personally led them. The groups approached the firing points of the Germans, bombarded them with grenades and finished them off with the help of machine guns and RPD light machine guns. For the precise execution of a combat order and the ability to lead the entrusted soldiers, the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Guards. captain Polnikov Alexander Mikhailovich and Mrs. Art. lieutenant Nevmerzhitsky Ilya Mikhailovich awarded with orders Red banner.
The commander of the heavy machine guns section of the 1st Battalion of the Guards. sergeant Solovyov Sergey Ivanovich, walked in the first chain of attackers from the left side of the railway. On the outskirts of Kremenchug, intense German light mortar fire pinned the advancing battalion chains to the ground. Guards Sergeant Solovyov, looked out where the mortar was firing from, advanced with his machine gun to a convenient position on the flank of the German firing point, and with a well-aimed burst destroyed the mortar servants. Then he destroyed two other German firing points. Accompanying in the future the attack of the paratroopers among the first, he went out to the railway. bridge over the river Dnieper. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
To the right of the railway in the chains of the advancing infantry, the commander of a platoon of 82-mm mortars of the guards advanced. ml. lieutenant Chekin Vladimir Dmitrievich. Skillfully adjusting the fire of the platoon, he suppressed 7 firing points of the enemy, destroyed the servants of 2 light German mortars and destroyed at least 10 Nazis, which ensured the advance of the battalion along the right side of the railway. Awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
First Assistant Chief of Staff of the Regiment Art. lieutenant Shilov Alexander Nikolaevich with fighters of the 2nd battalion, he went to the pigsty (slaughterhouse) area on the outskirts of Kremenchug on the left side of the railway. Using brick buildings, a platoon of submachine gunners from the 320th infantry division of the Germans organized a stronghold in this place and held back the further advance of the battalion. Guards Art. Lieutenant Shilov with a group of fighters got close to the German positions and threw grenades at them. 11 Germans were destroyed. The rest, leaving their positions, rushed to the Dnieper crossings. As a result, the battalion continued to pursue the enemy and soon reached the bank of the river. Dnieper. Guards Art. Lieutenant Shilov A.N. was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Commander of a machine gun platoon of the 1st Battalion of the Guards. ml. lieutenant Shchekin Leonid Artem'evich, in the combat formations of the advancing infantry, he advanced along the right side of the railway, supporting the advancement of the battalion fighters to the station with heavy machine gun fire. Kremenchug. At the station, the fire of a German machine gun forced the fighters to lie down. Guards ml. Lieutenant Shchekin crawled up to a firing German machine gun and, with a throw of two F-1 grenades, destroyed the enemy's firing point. After that, the battalion went to the railway without losses. bridge over the river Dnepr, having fully completed the combat mission. Guards ml. lieutenant Shchekin L.A. was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
Mortar gunner of the 1st battalion of the Guards. Private Levkin Yakov Yakovlevich, being sent as a messenger to a rifle company with an order from the battalion commander, passing the order, he ended up at the location of one of the platoons of this company. At this time, the platoon commander was wounded and out of action. Guards Private Levkin Ya.Ya. took over command of the platoon and dragging the fighters with him, shouting "Hurrah!" rushed to the left of the railway. in the ruins of German houses. The soldiers of the platoon, inspired by the personal example of Guards. Private Levkin, rushed forward and drove the Germans from their positions. In the future, this allowed the battalion to quickly move forward. Guards Private Levkin Yakov Yakovlevich was awarded the Order of the Red Star.
In total for the fighters and commanders of the 23rd Guards. VDP of the 9th Guards Airborne Division, 22 award sheets were found in the archives of TsAMO. For the award:
Patriotic War I Art. - four;
Red banner - 7;
Red Star - 9;
Medal "For Courage" - 3.
The fighters and commanders of the 28th Guards also fought heroically for the liberation of the city of Kremenchug. VDP. 28 Guards. VDP acted on the right flank of the offensive of the 9th Guards. VDD. By 17 o'clock the regiment reached the eastern outskirts of the village of Bolshaya Kokhnovka. The Germans created a strong stronghold on the outskirts of the village. Parts of the 320th infantry regiment were defending here. On a small high-rise on the northeastern outskirts of B. Kokhnovka, the Germans installed a machine gun, the fire of which made it impossible for the advancing soldiers of the 3rd battalion to raise their heads. Two platoon commanders of 82-mm mortars of the 3rd battalion of the Guards. lieutenant Matveev Fedor Vasilievich and Mrs. ml. lieutenant Tishchenko Mikhail Kuzmich advanced the calculations of their mortars to a convenient position and opened rapid fire on the machine gun. As a result of the coordinated actions of the calculations, the German machine-gun point was destroyed. This opened the way for the advancing battalion and made it possible to quickly capture the eastern part of B. Kokhnovka. Platoon commanders. lieutenant Matveev Fedor Vasilievich and Mrs. ml. lieutenant Tishchenko Mikhail Kuzmich were awarded the Order of the Red Star. . Mortar Commander. ml. sergeant Gavrilov Viktor Ivanovich, was awarded the medal "For Military Merit". Mine carrier Private Alania Alexey Gerasimovich, which, despite the strong fire of the German machine gun, brought mines to the positions of mortars, was also awarded the Order of the Red Star. Another carrier of mines guards. Private Beschastny Iosif Trofimovich, was awarded the medal "For Military Merit". And the carriage guards. Private Kovtun Mikhail Kuzmich, who, under heavy fire from a German machine gun, managed to deliver mines to positions, was awarded the medal "For Courage".
At a different height, the Germans equipped a firing position for heavy and light machine guns. The firing point at this “Nameless” height was destroyed by soldiers under the command of a platoon commander of the 3rd battalion of the Guards. lieutenant Komaritsky Nikolai Semenovich. The fighter of his platoon, the commander of the guards department. Private Nikitin Vladimir Nikolaevich, with a decisive throw, he approached the German positions and threw grenades at them. The fighters of his squad arrived in time to complete the defeat of the enemy's firing point. 6 Nazis were destroyed, MG heavy and light machine guns were captured. For skillful leadership of a platoon in battle for this height, Guards. lieutenant Komaritsky Nikolay Semyonovich was awarded the medal "For Courage", and the commander of the guards department. Private Nikitin Vladimir Nikolaevich Order of the Red Star.
Having knocked out parts of the 320th infantry division of the Germans from the village. Bolshaya Kokhnovka of the 28th Guards. The VDP started street fighting on the outskirts of Kremenchug. Here the Germans heavily mined the streets leading to the city center. Sapper squad leader sergeant, with the soldiers of his platoon, fearlessly made passages in minefields. Under the fire of German machine guns and machine guns, they removed dozens of German mines, thereby ensuring the safe passage of soldiers and artillery of the 28th Guards. VDP through the ruins of the streets of Kremenchug to the very bank of the river. Dnieper. For courage and heroism shown during the mine clearing of Kremenchug Guards. sergeant Dolidze Galaktion Vissarionovich was awarded the Order of the Red Star, and a fighter of his squad of Guards. Private Dubikov Sergey Timofeevich was awarded the medal "For Courage".
Following the sappers, the fighters of the 1st battalion advanced, clearing the ruins of houses from the Nazis. Particularly distinguished themselves in this battle, the fighters, where the platoon commander was Guards. ml. lieutenant Ilyasov Alexey Ivanovich. On account of his platoon, four destroyed enemy firing points and dozens of German soldiers. Platoon commander Mrs. ml. lieutenant Ilyasov Alexey Ivanovich For skillful leadership of a platoon, courage and determination in battle, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star.
In total for the fighters and commanders of the 28th Guards. VDP of the 9th Guards VDD, 35 award sheets were found in the TsAMO archive. For the award:
Patriotic War I Art. - one;
Patriotic War II Art. - one;
Red Star - 6;
Medal "For Courage" - 17;
Medal "For Military Merit" - 11.
On the fighters and commanders of the 26th Guards. VDP of the 9th Guards VDD in the TsAMO archive 8 award sheets were found. For the award:
Patriotic War II Art. – 3;
Red banner - 1;
Red Star - 2;
Medal "For Courage" - 1;
Medal "For Military Merit" - 1.
For distinction in the battles for the city of Kremenchug, personal courage and courage, orders and medals were awarded to 10 artillerymen of the 7th Guards. VD AP: two were awarded the Order of the Red Star, six people were awarded medals "For Courage" and two were awarded medals "For Military Merit".
The merits of the 10th Guards Separate Airborne Anti-Tank Fighter Battalion were not forgotten either. 7 of its fighters and commanders were awarded orders and medals for the battles for the liberation of the city of Kremenchug.
Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class. - one;
Order of the Patriotic War II class. – 3;
Order of the Red Star - 2;
Medal "For Military Merit" - 1.
In total, award documents for 97 fighters and commanders of the 9th Guards were found in the TsAMO archive. VDD. (List-1)
In the battles for the city of Kremenchug on September 29-30, the 9th Guards. VDD, according to operational report No. 44, lost: 11 people were killed, 55 people were wounded and one person was missing. In general, these figures coincide with the data of the irretrievable losses of the 9th Guards. VDD from the TsAMO archive, but there is no complete match.
The list of the dead from this archive for September 29-30 includes 10 soldiers and commanders of the 9th Guards. VDD. Loading 45 mm guns Guards. Private Ostanin Alexey Ivanovich from the 10th Guards separate anti-tank battalion, according to TsAMO documents, is listed as killed on October 30, 1943 and buried on the territory of the Kremenchug pier. But on October 30, the 9th Guards. The Airborne Forces fought on the right bank of the Dnieper, tens of kilometers from Kremenchug in the Mishurin Rog area, and he could not be buried in Kremenchug! Obviously, the date of death is erroneously recorded here. In this area of the city, the division operated on September 30, and the month of October was mistakenly recorded in the report! Subsequently, on 07/16/1948, he was reburied in the mass grave of the Reevsky cemetery, as a nameless soldier.
Taking into account this error, the total number of dead is 11 people, and this corresponds to the data in operational report No. 44.
The documents have a discrepancy with the missing persons. Missing in action, in reports of irretrievable losses of the 9th Guards. There is no VDD for September 29-30, but there is one in the operational report No. 44. In the TsAMO archive, we managed to find a document that answers this question. In the report of the funeral team of the 375th SD there is information about the burial at the Cheredniki cemetery of a fighter of the 28th Guards. VDP 9th Guards. VDD Guards. Private Kleshchev Alexei Grigorievich He is probably the soldier's remains, which were not found. Therefore, he was listed as missing in the summary, and was not included in the list of irretrievable losses. The remains of the fighters buried at the Cherednitsky cemetery (Kolkhoznaya St.), including guards. Private Kleshchev A.G., were reburied in the mass grave of the Reevsky cemetery of Kremenchug.
Given this circumstance, the loss of the 9th Guards. VDD for September 29-30, fully correspond to the losses indicated in the operational summary, but one discrepancy still remains.
As I mentioned above, Mrs. private of the 23rd Guards. VDP Shabalkin Viktor Pavlovich, died and was buried at the crossing of the railway. Kremenchuk - Poltava. The date of his death, September 27, is clearly recorded by mistake! The battle at the crossing was on September 29th. It is impossible to say unequivocally what is not true in this record: the date of death or the place of burial. Rather, the first, after all, it was the 23rd Guards. The VDP fought for this move. If the death of this soldier is attributed to the date of September 29, then the losses of the 9th Guards. VDD for the period of September 29-30 will be 12 people dead and one fighter missing.
And one more mistake takes place in relation to one of the fighters of the 23rd Guards. VDP, who died at the village. Malaya Kokhnovka. It's about Mrs. Private Balandina Vasily Grigorievich. According to TsAMO documents, he died on 20.08.43. Listed as buried in a mass grave in the village of Olshany, Dergachevsky district, Kharkov region. But this did not prevent him from being blown up by a mine on September 29 near Kremenchug in the area with. Malaya Kokhnovka. It is obvious that a mistake was made in the initial report of TsAMO. The place of his burial has not been established. On the memorial plates of the mass graves of Kremenchug and its environs, his name does not appear.
Eight soldiers of the 28th Guards who died on September 29-30. VDD, recorded as killed and buried "Mr. Kremenchug. 300 m to the east.” But during this period of time, the regiment traveled a distance from x. Dziuba (now the village of Rakitnoye) to the bank of the river. Dnieper - about 20 km! It is not surprising that such an “accurate” binding of the place of death of the fighters to the area led to the fact that it was impossible to establish the real place of their burial, and their names were simply immortalized on the mass grave No. 2 of the Reevsky cemetery. Of all the fighters listed below, we can talk about the real burial place, only about Guards. Art. sergeant Udovik Nikolay Leontyevich. According to TsAMO documents, he died of wounds and was originally buried on the street. Lenin-16. From the documents of the Kremenchug Museum of Local Lore, it is clear that the ashes were transferred from the grave at this address on July 18, 1948 to the mass grave of the Reevsky cemetery unknown soldier. By this time, the grave had already become nameless. Thus, with a high degree of probability, it can be argued that Mrs. Art. Sergeant Udovik N.L. was reburied in a mass grave No. 2 of the Reevsky cemetery in Kremenchug.
Another problem arose with the report of irretrievable losses in relation to Guards. ml. lieutenant Zaitsev Alexander Vasilievich, commander of a machine-gun platoon of the 28th Guards. VDP. The report, obviously, indicated the erroneous date of death - September 31. What is the real number? The question becomes insoluble, since the place of death is not indicated either. His name is listed on the memorial plates of the mass grave No. 2 of the Reevsky cemetery. But where he is actually buried, it is not possible to find out.
List of fighters and commanders of the 9th Guards. VDD
who died in the battles for the city of Kremenchug on September 29-30, 1943.
Guards privates:
Balandin Vasily Grigorievich, 26th Guards. VDP;
Gusev Georgy Nikolaevich, 26th Guards. VDP;
Kleshchev Alexey Grigorievich, 28th Guards. VDP (missing in action);
Lysak Pavel Stepanovich, 28th Guards. VDP;
Ostanin Alexey Ivanovich, 10 Guards. From. VD IPTDiv.;
Sukasyan Artakovich, 28th Guards. VDP;
Suchkov Ivan Andreevich, 28th Guards. VDP;
Tkachenko Mikhail Tikhonovich, 28th Guards. VDP;
Shabalkin Viktor Pavlovich, 23rd Guards. VDP; (Recorded by those who died on September 27)
Guards ml. sergeant Sultanov Sarlymbek, 28 Guards. VDP;
Guards sergeant Konyshev Ivan Vasilievich, 10th Guards. From. Sat.
Guards Art. sergeant Udovik Nikolai Leontievich, 10 Guards. VD Sap. Bt.;
Guards Art. sergeant Khudaiberdin Safiulla, 28 Guards. VDP;
By the morning of September 30, the 9th Guards. The Airborne Forces finished the battles for the city of Kremenchug. The regiments of the division went to the river. Dnieper on the south side of the city and took up defensive positions:
23rd Guards. VDP - near the railway. bridge downstream;
28th Guards. VDP - near the railway. bridge upstream;
26th Guards. VDP - in the second echelon of the division - behind the battle formations of the 23rd Guards. VDP.
By 2 p.m. the division commander Sazonov Alexander Mikhailovich, and Chief of Staff lieutenant colonel Goryachev Alexey Yakovlevich were called to the headquarters of the 33rd Guards. SC to get a new task.
The division was ordered to remove the 23rd and 28th Guards from positions in Kremenchug. airborne regiments, transfer them to area x. Mudrovka - s. Pukhalshchina and begin preparations for crossing the river. Dnieper. 26th Guards. VDP remains in the city and covers the bank of the river. Dnieper: 3rd battalion at the railway. bridge downstream, the 2nd battalion at the railway. bridge upstream, the 1st battalion takes up positions at the pier.
Kamardina O.V.
9th Guards Airborne Division.
Formation and participation in the Prokhorov tank battle.
The formation of the 9th Guards Airborne Division began in December 1942 in the Moscow Region on the basis of the 1st Airborne Corps and 204, 211 airborne brigades. (Based on the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR of December 10, 1942). The period of formation and training of units and subunits began in December 1942. to January 1943 At the beginning of February 1943 the division receives an order to march on the North-Western Front. As an independent formation, the division first participated in hostilities as part of the 14th Guards Rifle Corps of the 1st Shock Army of the North-Western Front in the Staraya Russa area. For more than a month, defensive battles were fought against the 2nd German airfield division. The experience gained in these battles was of great help to the soldiers and officers of the division in the battle of Prokhorov. At the end of April, parts of the 9th Guards. the airborne division surrendered the defense line and a combined march (first on foot, then by rail) were transferred southeast of the city of Bobrov, Voronezh region. Here the division became part of the 33rd Guards Rifle Corps of the 5th guards army A.S. Zhadov. From May 10 to May 16, the 9th Guards. the airborne division entered the Sergeevka area, which is 20 km west of the city of Stary Oskol.
After the fighting near Staraya Russa, Colonel A.M. was appointed commander of the division. Sazonov. In the 9th Guards. VDD, he arrived at the post of deputy division commander on March 19, 1943, and four days later became its commander.
After the winter battles, the division was staffed with young people under 30 from the regions and territories of the Far East, sailors of the Pacific Fleet, as well as volunteers from the Ural factories. It was staffed according to the staff of an ordinary guards rifle division and included: 23, 26, 28 guards airborne rifle regiments, 7th Guards Airborne Artillery Regiment, 10th Guards Separate Anti-Tank Artillery Battalion, 10th Guards Sapper, 8th Guards Reconnaissance Company.
The basis of the firepower of the division was its artillery units. The artillery regiment consisted of three divisions of 76-mm divisional guns of the 1942 model and 122-mm howitzers of the 1938 model. Thus, the artillery regiment consisted of 24 76-mm guns and 12 122-mm howitzers. The anti-tank artillery battalion included four batteries of four 45-mm anti-tank guns, a total of 16 anti-tank guns.
On July 9, the division received a combat order to make a forced march, having walked about 150 km on foot, to take up defense at the turn - on the right of the Oktyabrsky state farm, on the left - the eastern outskirts of Prokhorovka and prevent the enemy from breaking through in the direction of Yamka - Prokhorovka. Under Prokhorovka, units of the 9th Guards. airborne troops began to arrive on July 10 and immediately began to advance to the front line. It was the most complete unit of the 5th Guards Army. Of the seven divisions of the army, she had the largest number of personnel - 9018 people, the maximum number of mortars - 170 pieces. Order of battle of the 9th Guards. VDD was built in two echelons. In the first echelon of the division, at the turn of the southwestern outskirts of the svh. Oktyabrsky, the village of Lutovo dug in 26th guards. Through the center of defense of the 26th Guards. VDSP passed the railway and grader roads.
Behind him along the Kartashevka road, st. Prokhorovka, covering its south-western outskirts and slopes of height 252.4 - 28 guards, and on the southern outskirts of the station there was 23 guards. vdsp. Artillery firing positions of the 9th Guards. VDD were located along railway. The command post of the division was equipped on the eastern outskirts of the warehouse. October. In front of the southern outskirts of Art. Prokhorovka occupied the positions of the 7th Guards. app. Due to the circumstances in the morning, the main blow was taken by the battalions of the 26th Guards. vdsp. Polk played important role in the defense of Prokhorovka 11 July. This day, July 11, was one of the hardest for the division.
The regiment was commanded by lieutenant colonel G.M. Kashpersky. He took over the regiment two weeks before the Battle of Kursk.
Around 10:00 on July 11, the grenadiers of the 1st SS battalion reached the defense zone of the 9th Guards. airborne division - to the positions of the 3rd parachute rifle battalion of the 26th guards. vdsp on the approaches to height 252.2 and the Oktyabrsky state farm (3 km southwest of the station). The most tense and difficult moment of the defense of Prokhorovka began. From the front edge of the division of Colonel A.M. Sazonov to the outskirts of the station remained about 4 km.
State farm "October", height 252.2, Lutovo shuddered from explosions of bombs, shells and mines. From the cells dug during the night, the fighters closely watched the approaching enemy. A flurry of fire was met by the Nazi paratroopers. The infantry was cut off from the tanks and pressed to the ground. At 2 pm, the Oktyabrsky state farm and height 252.2 were attacked by up to 100 enemy tanks and up to a regiment of motorized infantry in armored personnel carriers.
The paratroopers fought bravely on the 26th guards regiment. Up to 40 enemy tanks rushed to Charming and the southern outskirts of Petrovka, and up to 60 tanks - through a height of 252.2, along the railway - to Prokhorovka. Enemy tanks broke through and began to advance along the railway to the western outskirts of Prokhorovka. From the Prokhorovsky elevator, located in the center of the village, the whole area was perfectly visible. Scouts of the 28th Guards Airborne Regiment set up an observation post here.
Noticing the breakthrough of tanks in the hollow west of Prokhorovka, they urgently reported this to the chief of staff of the guard division, Lieutenant Colonel A.Ya. Goryachev. By his order, the 7th Guards Artillery Regiment took up open firing positions on the southwestern slopes of height 252.4, along the Prokhorovka-Beregovoye grader road.
Tanks that broke through along the railway to the western outskirts of the village came across fire from the 7th Guards Artillery, 23rd and 28th Guards Airborne Regiments. Despite the losses, the Nazis continued to attack. At the brick factory, the battle did not abate. With the onset of darkness, the enemy withdrew the tanks to the area of the Oktyabrsky state farm, leaving motorized infantry and anti-tank artillery on the northeastern slopes of the heights north of the state farm.
Trying again and again to break through to Prokhorovka, the enemy no longer used such massive tank attacks as when breaking through the main line of defense. He searched weak spots in our defense and attacked with strike groups of tanks from 25-60 vehicles, supported by motorized infantry. These attacks were repelled by opposing units and subunits, reinforced by artillery. An important section in the Prokhorovka area, between the Psel River and the railway, was defended by 287 Guards. sp 95 guards. sd and 26 guards. Vdsp 9 Guards. Airborne Forces Colonel A.M. Sazonov, whose main forces were behind the railway.
This once again confirms that the 26th Guards took the main blow during the defense of Prokhorovka. Vdsp 9 Guards. vdd.
On the 26th Guards Airborne Rifle Regiment, on the orders of the staff, arrived in full force in the Prokhorovka area (Belgorod direction), took up defense on the southwestern slopes of the height. 252.4 (Lutovo district). To hide units from the enemy, they dug cracks and trenches. The enemy was advancing. Before our border remained 3-5 km. Ahead of us, units, holding back the onslaught of the enemy, retreated.
The trench defense system had not yet been completed, ammunition had not been brought up to the norm. The guards of the regiment had to take the main blow of the enemy in the Belgorod direction. A fight ensued. The rattle of tanks, the howl of sirens, dive bombers of the enemy, a continuous column of smoke on the battlefield. Nothing shook the steadfastness of the guardsmen of the regiment. The first attack - the 3rd Sat repulsed and threw the enemy back to its original position, destroying 6 tanks and up to an infantry company.
From 15.00 to 20.00 h
The enemy brought up infantry and tanks for the final blow and the capture of Art. Prokhorovka. Our artillery smashed the tanks and infantry of the enemy, preventing him from taking up battle order. The enemy lost another 11 tanks, 4 aircraft and up to 150 soldiers and officers.
By order of the Army Headquarters, units on the entire front went on the offensive. From our side, 150 tanks reached their initial position on a front section of 6 km.
From 10.00 to 15.00
There are fierce battles. Up to 200 tanks and 150 bombers participate on both sides. The enemy retreated to the west for 6 km and suffered losses: 18 tanks, 6 guns, 7 aircraft, up to an infantry regiment.
13.07.43 from 7.00 to 18.00
By order of the shtadiva, the battalions were regrouped. 2 sb withdrawn to the right flank of the 3rd sb.
The regiment was on its line. The entire personnel of the regiment had time to receive food. Only 2 times hot food. The food was good, according to the norm.
On the night of 15.07.43 The regiment received new task: at 23.00, the battalions were transferred to the line of defense along the Psel River. We were on the defensive for days. The enemy led a rare mortar and machine-gun fire. The regiment has losses: wounded - 6 people, killed - 2 people from the rank and file.
The regiment was ordered to advance. Task: to master vil. Vasilievka with a further exit to the village. Kozlovka. Our 1st and 2nd battalions, with the support of their mortars, drove the enemy out of settlements Kozlovka, Bogoroditskoe and Prokhorovka. The enemy, pulling the main forces to Belgorod, covered himself with strong fire from six-barreled mortars. The regiment on 07/17/43 had losses of 799 people.
In these battles, the 26th Airborne Infantry Division defeated up to two enemy infantry battalions of the SS Adolf Hitler division and destroyed more than 40 enemy tanks.
On July 17, 1943, the battalions held the lines they occupied. On both sides, there were active actions of scouts and an artillery duel.
The 26th Airborne Regiment received an order to enter the 2nd echelon of the division and advance behind the 23rd Airborne Regiment.
On the night of July 19, 1943, reconnaissance established that the enemy was pulling all his forces to a previously prepared line. 26th Airborne Regiment was ordered to move to the 1st echelon of the division and pursue the enemy. The enemy managed to penetrate the defenses, but the courageous paratroopers put up heroic resistance to the enemy, managed to gain a foothold and prevent the enemy from reaching the strategically important railway station Prokhorovka. Attempts by the SS Panzer Division "Adolf Hitler" to break through the defenses of the 33rd Corps were eliminated.
The division goes to the Kosmodemyanka-Bykovka-Kamenny Log line, from which the Nazis launched the offensive. Thus, in the course of the battles near Prokhorovka, the personnel of the division gained rich experience in conducting offensive battles.
By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of July 24, 1943, gratitude was announced to the personnel of the division for the liquidation of the German summer offensive in the Belgorod direction. Speaking about the role of the 9th airborne division in the Prokhorovsky tank battle, we can draw the following conclusions:
1. Despite the numerical superiority of the enemy 9 Guards. the airborne division held a tactically important stronghold of the Soviet defense on the rear army lane - st. Prokhorovka (p. Alexandrovsky). 2. Although the 1st line of defense of the division was broken through, it still held the area near the western and northern outskirts of Art. Prokhorovka is a reserve deployment line for the strike force of the 5th Guards. that (18 and 29 shopping mall).
Bibliography:
1. GVIMZ funds; f. 9th Guards vdd o.1 d.4 l.8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14; I.A. Samchuk,
2. P.G.Skachko "The paratroopers are attacking" Military Publishing House 1975.
Airborne bases in the Moscow region. 1941-1945
G.V. Rivne
Places of formation of landing units in the Moscow region:
Vnukovo- 10 airborne troops, 8 airborne divisions (1943), 7 airborne brigade 10 airborne troops (1943/4), 7 airborne brigade (1943);
Dmitrov- 1942 - 3rd and 4th maneuverable airborne brigade and brigades of sailors Tikhook. fleet - 10 guards. vdd ( Dmitrov, Yakhroma, Catoire, Orudiev o): .2 app. VDP (1943), 19th and 20th Guards Brigade (1943);
Zvenigorod- 12th Guards Brigade (1943),
Lyubertsy- 1 VDK, 1942 - School of air instructors landing service, 4th airborne division (1943), 11th airborne brigade (+ soot, 1943);
Art. Monino- 16th Guards Brigade (1943);
Noginsk- 6 VDK (1942 - Glukhovo, Elektrostal), 6 Guards (1943), 6 Guards (1943);
Ramenskoe- 5th airborne division, 7th airborne division (1943), 9th and 10th airborne brigade (1943);
Stupino- 17th Guards Brigade (1943);
Fryazino- 3rd Guards Division (1942/3), 3rd Guards Brigade (1943), 13th Guards Brigade (1943/4);
Schelkovo- 8 VDK (1942 - 19 VDBR, 17 - Art. Chkalovskaya, 18 – Raiki), 3rd Guards Division (1943), 13th Airborne Brigade (1943/4);
Yakhroma- 18th Guards Brigade (1943).
Bases of the Moscow Military District
Kirzhach(Vlad region) - 9 airborne troops (1943), 5 airborne brigade (1943); 14th and 15th Guards Brigade (1943/4).
Teikovo(Ivan. Region) - 4th Airborne Forces, 1st Guards, 1st, 2nd and 8th Guards Brigade (1943)
1941
By the beginning of the war, there were many landing units in the Red Army, but their formation was closer to future military operations in the West and in the east in Primorye. Most of them took part in the fierce battles of June-August 1941. In those events, high energy and onslaught in the battles of the paratroopers were already noted. The history of the Airborne Forces of this period of the war has several successful airborne assaults, including those in the Moscow region. The most famous airborne assault was in the Vyazemsky operation of 1941-42. But our topic is somewhat different - about the places where new airborne units were formed in the Moscow region, which became landing bases for all the war years.
In the pre-war period, there were no bases for the formation of the Airborne Forces in the Moscow region. In September, the Airborne Forces became a special branch of the Red Army troops. The deployment of new paratrooper corps and brigades began in the Volga Military District and in the Kirov Region.
On December 21, when the German troops were pushed back from Moscow, the paratroopers received an order to relocate to the Moscow region, where the military commissars of the districts began work on preparing their deployment.
Supreme High Command Directive No. 005920
Commander of the Volga Military District
on the redeployment of airborne formations
ordered:
1. Send the following military formations by rail to new destinations:
a) 1st - air-dec. body - st. loading Pokrovsk 10.00 21.12.1941;
b) 4th - air-dec. hull - loading at st. Anisovka 12.00 21.12.1941;
c) 2nd air-dec. brigade - loading - st. Red Kut 4.00 12/23/1941;
d) 3rd air-dec. brigade - loading - st. Nameless 12.00 12/23/1941;
e) 7th air-dec. hull - loading - st. Nameless 12.00 12.22.1941;
e) 8th air-dec. hull - loading - st. Red Kut 12.00 12.22.1941;
g) 9th air-dec. hull - loading - st. Nameless 6.00 12/23/1941;
h) 10th air-dec. hull - loading - st. Adadurovo 6.00 23.12.1941.
2. Send the specified connections completely with the available weapons, equipment, special property.
3. Sent to provide: ammunition - 1.5 ammunition, fuel - 2 refueling. Food - three days on the route and, in addition, a three-day unloading stock.
4. Receipt confirm. Deliver execution.
On behalf of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command
Chief of the General Staff B. Shaposhnikov
New town.
This is now the name of the military town of paratroopers (regiment airborne communications) on the Shchelkovo highway near the Bear Lakes. And it began in the pre-war period, when the airfield of the Experimental Test Range of the Airborne Forces was built here.
His head was the Honored Master of Sports of the USSR in parachuting, Colonel A.I. Zigaev. (on the photo, from the book of V. Romanyuk "Notes of a test paratrooper")
The flight tests were led by the well-known designer of landing gliders, military engineer Pavel Tsybin. Tests of landing parachutes, especially parachutes with weapons and equipment (artillery and light tanks), testing of landing gliders and other landing equipment were carried out day and night.
They say that on the Bear Lakes, in October 1936, the first experiments were carried out on landing T-37A amphibious tanks on the water.
The first combat vehicle was dropped into the Big Bear Lake from the lowest possible height - only 15-20 meters. In total, three T-37A (without a crew) with different depreciation options were landed in the same way. However, the designers were in for a severe disappointment - all the tanks received serious damage to the bottom when they hit the water and sank. Therefore, further experiments to drop combat vehicles were discontinued.
But amphibious tanks still saw battles. They were actively used during the offensive of Soviet troops in Karelia in the winter of 1939-1940, during the "winter war" with the Finns. Then the T-37, having easily crossed the water barrier, captured a bridgehead on the opposite bank of the Svir River ....
In September 1942, it was in Bear Lakes that two glider regiments were formed, armed with 12 tugs and 30 gliders. Glider pilots flew behind enemy lines at a distance of up to 500-800 km, delivering ammunition.
During the war years, glider pilot S.N. Anokhin, later a prominent test pilot, Hero Soviet Union(1956), and G.B. Pyasetskaya, a famous parachutist before the war. And after the war, Galina repeatedly achieved all-Union and world record results and was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.
1942 First stage
Before the New Year 1942, airborne corps began to arrive in the Moscow region.
1st VDK in Lyubertsy.
4th airborne complex in Ramenskoye,
6th Airborne Forces in Noginsk (corps commander, Major General A.I. Pastrevich; (11th and 12th airborne brigade in the city of Elektrostal, 13th airborne brigade in the city of Glukhov - a suburb of Noginsk).
7th Airborne Forces to Moscow (Corporal Major General I. I. Gubarevich).
8th VDK in the city of Shchelkovo (corporal commander Major General V. A. Glazkov).
9th VDK to the neighboring Kirzhach, Ivanovo Region (corporal commander Major General I. S. Bezugly).
10th Airborne Forces in Vnukovo (Corporal Colonel N.P. Ivanov).
Combat training continued again.
In defense of Stalingrad
By a GKO resolution of 07/29/42, 8 VDK received an urgent order to reorganize into guards rifle divisions. By the STAVKA directives of August 2 and 5, 7 divisions were sent to the south near Stalingrad, where they received a baptism of fire in the Battle of Stalingrad, confirming the title of guards with their heroism.
These were Shchelkovskaya 35 Guards. sd, kirzhachskaya 36 Guards. sd, Lyubertsy 37th Guards. sd, teykovskaya 38 Guards. sd, ramenskaya 39 Guards. sd., Noginsk 40 Guards sd, Vnukovo 41st Guards sd.
By a directive dated August 5, in Lyubertsy, the administration of the 1st Guards Army (5 divisions of paratroopers - No. 37-39) was urgently formed - commander - gene. Lt Golikov N.F.
A week later, they were already engaged in battle on the northern face of the German wedge. Everyone knows what fierce battles went on in Stalingrad. Main and on the distant approach to it, the battles were no less fierce. Divisions halved in 2 weeks.
During the battles for Stalingrad, General V.I. Chuikov, who commanded the 62nd Army, which held the city, especially distinguished the paratroopers Lyubertsy 37th division of General V.G. Zholudev: "... young, tall, healthy, many dressed in the uniform of paratroopers, with daggers and finks on their belts. When struck with a bayonet, they threw the Nazis over themselves like bags of straw. They stormed in groups. They did not know retreats, they fought to the last surrounded ."
Shchelkovskaya 35th division of General Glazkov V.A. (on the picture). On September 4, 1942, the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper wrote about the 35th Guards. SD: “Where an invincible defense has been created, where the defenders of the battle line are determined to die, but not to let the enemy through, no advantage in tanks, no influence from the air helps the Germans. In the battles for Stalingrad, many units of the Red Army showed outstanding heroism and stamina. An example is the Guards Division commanded by Major General Glazkov. Stubbornly defending the approaches to Stalingrad, the courageous soldiers of this division mercilessly destroy the Germans and equipment.
The general died in these battles, his overcoat riddled with bullets and shrapnel hangs in the Museum Battle of Stalingrad as a monument to commanders and paratroopers.
In the rows of 35 guards. sd fought guard st. lieutenant Ruben Ruiz Ibarruri, son of the leader of the Spanish Communist Party Dolores Ibarruri, organizer of the struggle of the Spanish people in 1938-1939. with Franco's rebel troops and their German allies. ... Pulrota commander Ruben Ibarruri died of his wounds on 3 September. Upon learning of the death of her son, Dolores Ibarruri wrote in a letter to Ruben's comrades-in-arms - machine gunners of the company: "... when you defeat fascism and the Red Banner of the proletariat will fly over Berlin, I will know that on this banner there is a drop of my Ruben's blood."
In February 1943 our divisions were assigned to the Volga for reorganization. Several hundred fighters remained of them. After the reorganization, the Guardsmen still had a long way to go.
The words of Ruben's mother prophetically came true - it was at the position of the 35th Guards. sd came out in Berlin truce german army with an agreement to surrender.
1942/43 Second phase
On the empty landing bases, in August, the formation of a new composition of the same corps and brigades by name was begun, which, by order of the NPO, by order of the NPO dated December 8, 1942, were also transformed into rifle divisions, leaving the name of the airborne and with the addition - guards.
Teikovo Ivanovo region - 4th airborne complex -. in 1st and 2nd Guards. vdd);
Fryazino and Click. R. - 8th VDK - 3rd Guards vdd;
Lyubertsy - 1st airborne brigade, 2nd and 5th maneuver. vdbr, Control 1 vdk - 4th Guards. vdd.
Kirzhach Vlad. region - 9th VDK - 5th Guards vdd;
Noginsk- 6th VDK - 6th Guards vdd;
Ramenskoe- 5th VDK - 7th Guards vdd;
Vnukovo- 10th VDK - 8th Guards vdd.
Moscow region(location not determined) - 204th and 211th airborne brigade, 1st maneuver. vdbr - 9th Guards vdd.
Dmitrov- 3rd and 4th maneuverable airborne brigade and brigades of sailors Tikhook. fleet - 10 Guards vdd(Dmitrov, Yakhroma, Catoire, Orudyevo).
In mid-February, they were sent 30-40 km south Staraya Russa, so that, according to the plan of Marshal Zhukov ("Polyarnaya Zvezda"), to participate in the creation of another boiler as near Stalingrad.
The 1st shock army included the 2nd (from Teikovo), 3rd (from Shchelkovo) and 4th Guards. VDD, yes 16th Guards. sk were 6th (Noginsk) and 9th Guards. vdd. Their task from the south is to punch a hole to the west in a strong German defense with dense minefields, defended by two infantry divisions.
In the powerful Special Group of Gen. M. Khozin, 1 (Teikovo), 5 (Kirzhach), 7 (Ramenskoye), 8 (Vnukovo) and 10 (Dmitrov) guards were sent to the 68th army. vdd. Its task is to enter the gap and strike to the north to begin the encirclement of a large group of German troops. It was part of Operation Polaris.
From the Order of the Headquarters of February 6, 1943: “.. With the main forces, in cooperation with the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts, surround and destroy the Volkhov and Leningrad enemy groups.
5. Confirm receipt, deliver the decision by February 16, 1943.
Headquarters of the Supreme High Command I. STALIN, G. ZHUKOV
TsAMO. F. 148a. Op. 3763. D.103. L. 253, 254. Original.
In 2012 I had to prepare a book on the 3rd Guards. VDD, on the anniversary of its formation.
Study in detail the events in these battles.
February 4-5, 1943, units of the 3rd Guards. airborne troops are sent by car to the North-Western Front to the points of concentration. Then, by night marches, they arrived at the front line by February 20th.
Big snow and warming (everyone is dressed in wet felt boots), the lack of tank support led to heavy losses in the personnel of the 2nd, 3rd and 9th Airborne Divisions.
3rd Guards the airborne division, which lost more than half of its personnel here, but could not complete part of the task. Despite this, her result of advancing 3 km was the most productive in the 1st Shock Army.
So passed the baptism of fire of the 3rd Guards. airborne division (commander - Colonel Konev I.N. ., on the picture) where she proved that she rightfully bears the title of guards. But it was paid for with too much blood.
Let's compare two groups of numbers - before and after the operation:
At the end of March, all Guards. the airborne divisions were withdrawn to the reserve, re-formed and in time for the Battle of Kursk, where the final result was already different.
But back to the bases left by the paratroopers.
1943 Third stage. Year of the Dnieper airborne operation
By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 0067 dated April 15, 1943 2009, 7 new guards airborne brigades (from 1 to 7) were formed on the territory of the Moscow Military District.
The brigades were stationed:
1st Guards vdbr - the city of Teikovo (location of the 4th airborne division, 1st guards airborne division);
2nd Guards vdbr - the city of Teikovo (location of the 4th airborne division, 1st guards airborne division);
3rd Guards vdbr - Fryazino settlement and the city of Shchelkovo (location of the 8th Airborne Command, 3rd Guards Airborne Division);
4th Guards vdbr - the city of Ramenskoye (location of the 5th airborne division, 7th guards airborne division);
5th Guards vdbr - Kirzhach(location of the 9th Airborne Command, 5th Guards Airborne Division);
6th Guards vdbr - Noginsk (location of the 6th airborne division, 6th guards airborne division);
7th Guards vdbr - v. Vnukovo (location of the 10th airborne division, 8th guards airborne division).
In accordance with the same order, the 2nd Reserve Airborne Regiment from the village. Mokrous of the Saratov region was redeployed to the city of Dmitrov, the 7th reserve airborne regiment from the village. Miuss of the Saratov region in the city of Zvenigorod.
The fate of most of these brigades is known.
In September, the 3rd and part of the 5th Guards. vdbr were airborne assault forces across the Dnieper to block the German approach to the newly captured Bukrinsky bridgehead.
2nd Guards vdbr - became part of the 11th airborne division being formed.
4th, 6th and 7th Guards. military brigades reinforced the grouping of the Airborne Forces of the 4th Ukrainian Front, which they wanted to use in the liberation of Crimea. In December 1943, the 4th and 7th Guards Airborne Brigade were returned to the Moscow Military District and on January 15, 1944, they were introduced into the city of Stupino along with the 16th Guards. vdbr in the formation of the 16th Guards. VDD (Vostryakovo, Vnukovo, Stupino).
On the night of September 25, 5 thousand paratroopers of the 3rd (completely) and 5th (third) brigades were parachuted across the Dnieper.
To their misfortune, a day earlier, the retreating German XXI Panzer Corps was unexpectedly brought into the same territory through the Kanevsky bridge, closing the approaches to the bridgehead. Half of the landing force thrown literally "on the head of the enemy" died or was captured in the very first days. The wooded area and the mistakes of the pilots saved from complete defeat - the landing force was scattered over 50-70 km instead of 15 km.
Divided into small groups, united with the partisans, the paratroopers fought heroically behind enemy lines. In early November, by order of the command, the combined military brigade (commander - Colonel of the 5th Guards Brigade M. Sidorchuk, on the picture) captured a bridgehead on the Dnieper from Cherkassy, which greatly facilitated the crossing of the approaching units and their losses at the same time.
Traditional exciting meetings with paratroopers in the 1st school have been an important patriotic event in the city of Fryazino since 1978. On the days of the anniversaries of the landing, the Fryazino people take part in meetings in Cherkassy and on the battlefields.
After assessing the many mistakes of the operation, mass airborne assaults were canceled by Stalin's order.
1943/44 Fourth stage - Svirsky
On June 4, 1943, GKO Decree No. 3505ss "On the additional formation of 13 Guards Airborne Brigades" was issued.
"Top secret.
State Defense Committee
Decree No. GOKO-3505ss
On the additional formation of 13 Guards Airborne Brigades
The State Defense Committee decides:
1. To oblige the head of the Main Department of the Red Army Comrade Shchadenko, together with the Military Council of the Red Army Airborne Forces, to form by June 25, 1943 an additional 13 guards airborne brigades according to the state No. 035/23 - 035/30, numbering 3.480 people . each.
2. Establish a three-month period for combat training and knocking together for the newly formed airborne brigades, completing it by October 1, 1943.
3. The deployment of the airborne brigades being formed should be established by Comrade Artemiev, Commander of the Moscow Military District, placing them on the basis of the airborne divisions previously formed in the district.
4. Oblige t.t. Shchadenko, Golikov, Voronov, Vorobyov and Peresypkin to fully equip the newly formed brigades in the following specialties no later than June 20, 1943:
a) well-trained junior command personnel not older than 30 years old, with combat experience and meeting the requirements of service in the airborne troops;
b) enlisted personnel at the expense of cadets of infantry, machine-gun and mortar, artillery and anti-tank, communications and engineering military schools, reduced by resolution GOKO No. 3282 of May 2.
Selection to be made from cadets of military schools with at least 3 months of training and fit for service in the airborne troops.
5. To oblige the head of the Main Directorate of Personnel Comrade Golikov, the heads of the main departments and the heads of the military branches to equip the brigades being formed no later than June 15 with selected command staff, with combat experience, if possible from among those who previously served in the airborne troops.
6. To the head of the GAU, comrade Yakovlev, to provide the brigades being formed no later than June 25, 1943 with all the required weapons and artillery.
7. To the heads of the central supply departments, to fully ensure the brigades being formed no later than June 25, 1943.
Chairman of the State Defense Committee
I.Stalin
Guards soldiers also arrived from hospitals to staff the brigades. sd and guards Airborne Forces, wounded near Stalingrad and Staraya Russa. They were in almost every company.
The new brigades were deployed:
8 Guards vdbr - the city of Teikovo;
9th Guards vdbr - Ramenskoye;
10 Guards vdbr - Ramenskoye;
11th Guards vdbr - st. Lyubertsy;
12 Guards vdbr - Zvenigorod;
13 Guards. vdbr - Shchelkovo (three battalions in Shchelkovo, 4th infantry brigade in Fryazino, 28.7.1943);
14th Guards vdbr - the city of Kirzhach;
15 Guards. vdbr - the city of Kirzhach;
16 Guards vdbr - st. Losino-Petrovskaya, Monino ( by order- Monino);
17th Guards vdbr - Stupino;
18 Guards vdbr - the city of Yakhroma ( by order- Dmitrov);
19th Guards vdbr - Dmitrov;
20 Guards vdbr - Dmitrov;
The number of each brigade according to the state No. 035/23 - 035/30 - 3480 people.
Semi-annual combat training paratroopers. At the end of December 1943, the brigades were consolidated into guards airborne divisions - the 14th Guards. airborne division (16th, 6th and 13th airborne brigades - headquarters in Noginsk), 13th guards. airborne division (Dmitrov - 18th, 19th and 20th guards. vdbr), .15th guards. vdd (Ramenskoye - 9, 10 and 12 vdbr).
1944 airborne rifle divisions cross the Svir on the Karelian front
On January 19, by order of the NPO, the 13th Guards. the airborne division was reorganized into the 98th Guards Rifle Division and reinforced with the corresponding art. and a tank. regiments, 14th Guards. airborne division - in 99 guards. SD, 15th Guards Airborne Division in 100 Guards. sd. They entered the 37th Guards. building corps, which in the summer of 1944 was sent to the south coast of the Svir in the 7th Army of the Karelian Front.
The famous false landing with scarecrows on rafts on the Svir 12 volunteers of the 300th Guards. cn. (b. 13th Guards Vdbr, Shchelkovo) made it possible to identify the Finnish firing points remaining unaffected and destroy them, which made it easier for divisions and regiments to cross the Svir.
All 12 paratroopers survived and were presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Thus began the Svir-Petrozavodsk offensive operation. The divisions, suffering losses during the breakthrough of the 20-km defense line, which had been heavily fortified over three years, reached the Finnish border through rivers and forests. The Finns asked for peace.
1944/45 Outside Moscow.
But the bases continued to exist, accepting returning paratroopers from hospitals and infirmaries.
Creation of the Base of landing equipment and property in Kolomna.
Memory
Moscow land remembers the paratroopers of the Great Patriotic War. Many schools have collected a lot of materials about the exploits of the heroes who became our countrymen. They got used to our land in half a year and sometimes up to a year. There are many examples when after the war they returned to our cities and created families. On the days of the anniversaries of the landing units, their Councils of Veterans organized trips to these cities more than once. They arrived by May 9 and were participants in both processions and rallies.
In memory of the paratroopers, the streets of the cities of the Moscow region were named: in Noginsk - the street of the Airborne paratroopers, in Fryazino (passage of the paratroopers, in Shchelkovo - the Svirskaya street (according to the 99th Svirskaya guards division, the former paratroopers), in Ramenskoye - the Paratroopers street, in Kirzhach - the street Paratroopers.
Glory to the heroes!
ZIGAEV Alexander Ivanovich, Colonel of the Airborne Forces, born in 1905, in the Red Army since 1922, account. war with Finland in 1939/40. (nagr. hordes of the Red Star "), in Fatherland. war 24.6.-3.9.41. From awards. March 1943 sheet: “He has been training paratroopers since 1934. He worked a lot on improving the equipment of parachutes. He was one of the authors of the manual on the training of paratroopers. He took an active part in ensuring all airborne operations in 1942 ... He personally altered the landing parachute, which drastically reduced injuries during jumps .... works a lot on testing multi-seat gliders and other parachute equipment. In preparation, dropping behind enemy lines and ensuring actions, the 4th Airborne Command showed excellent examples of work ... prepared and sent weapons, ammunition and food on time. Worthy of an award. Fatherland 1st degree war... Commander of the Airborne Forces, Major General Glazunov. February 22, 1943.". In 1943, the beginning 6 Directorate of the headquarters of the Airborne Forces. Honored Master of Sports of the USSR.
TSYBIN Pavel Vladimirovich, lieutenant colonel engineer at the disposal of the Airborne Forces, born in 1905, in the Red Army since 1927, seriously wounded in a plane crash, account. fighting on the Central Fleet X-XII.42. From loading. sheet for the first order (“Red Star”): “... organized the work of the air glider group of the Airborne Forces and carried out an extensive operation to deliver Belarusian. partisans more than 40 tons of ammunition and the landing of 150 demolition paratroopers in the most difficult period of the offensive of punitive detachments ... ". The famous designer of heavy gliders, cruise missiles, Buran, etc. He was awarded many orders.
ANOKHIN Sergei Nikolaevich, born in 1910, a well-known glider test pilot before the war, a bucket master. Sports of the USSR (1941), from Dec. 41 - Art. l-t, commander of the detachment is tested. air squadron of the Airborne Forces is testing amphibious equipment at Experimental Test. Airborne Forces training ground in Bear Lakes. In August-September 1942, he conducted unique tests of the "flying T-60 tank", to which wings and a tail were attached. On the Kalinin Front - commander of the flight detachment of the 19th airborne brigade, then in the LII VVS, Hero of the Soviet Union (1956), colonel.
PYASETSKAYA Galina Bogdanovna (1915-2007), Lieutenant Colonel, Honored Master of Sports (parachute) (1935 - Order of the Red Star).
On the night of August 9, 1945, the USSR entered the war against Japan. During the war with Japan, the Red Army landed more than 20 airborne assault forces numbering 17 thousand people in the central cities of Manchuria, on the Liaodong Peninsula, in North Korea, on South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. There were no landings military personnel of the Airborne Forces Red Army. Their functions were performed by combined arms units and subunits - from scouts to sappers. But, nevertheless, the paratroopers took part in the Soviet-Japanese war. As part of the 18th Guards Rifle Corps (hereinafter referred to as the 18th Guards SK) of the 53rd Army of the Transbaikal Front, the 1st Guards Airborne Zvenigorod-Bucharest Order of the Suvorov Division (hereinafter referred to as the 1st Guards VDD) participated in the hostilities ). As in the West, in the war with Japan, the paratroopers fought as ordinary infantry.
History reference: The 1st Guards Airborne Division was formed by order of December 8, 1942 on the basis of the command of the 4th Airborne Corps of the 2nd Formation and the 1st Airborne Brigade. Throughout the war, the division fought as an infantry unit. As part of the 68th, 34th, 37th, and since January 1944, the 53rd armies, the division participated in battles in the Staraya Russa region, in the Krivoy Rog and Kirovograd directions (October - December 1943), in Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya, Uman-Botoshansky, Iasi-Chisinau, Debrecen, Budapest, Bratislava-Brnovskaya and Prague offensive operations. For military merits, she was awarded the honorary titles "Zvenigorodskaya" (February 1944) and "Bucharestskaya" (September 1944), awarded the Order of Suvorov, 2nd degree; over 15 thousand of its soldiers were awarded orders and medals, 21 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
At the end of the Great Patriotic War, the 1st Guards. VDD was commanded by a participant civil war(1918-1922) and the suppression of the anti-Soviet uprising in Nagorno-Karabakh (1931) guard Colonel Dmitry Filippovich Sobolev. He participated in the battles of the Great Patriotic War from August 1943, taking part in the crossing of the Dnieper, the liberation Right-Bank Ukraine and other operations. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 28, 1945, for the skillful leadership of the units and the personal courage and heroism of the guards shown, Colonel D. F. Sobolev was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Hero of the Soviet Union, commander of the 1st Guards Airborne Division, Major General D. F. Sobolev.
On May 15, 1945, having made a 35-kilometer march, parts of the division concentrated in a forest reserve near Prague. There they received replenishment, prepared 45 daily dachas (daily dacha - the amount of food provided according to the established norms for the nutrition of one contented person per day) food and fodder, engaged in combat and political training. On June 2, the division began loading onto railway trains at the Rzhychany station and set off for the Far East.
Echelons with personnel and military equipment of the division moved along the following route: Prague - Dresden - Poznan - Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow - Kazan - Sverdlovsk - Omsk - Novosibirsk - Krasnoyarsk - Irkutsk - Ulan-Ude - Chita - Choibalsan (Mongolian People's Republic).
The units of the division arrived at the Bain-Tumen railway station in the following order: the division command arrived on July 4, the 3rd Guards Airborne rifle regiment- July 5, 4th Guards Airborne Artillery Regiment - July 7, 6th Guards Airborne Rifle Regiment - July 12, medical battalion and rear - July 14, 13th Guards Airborne Rifle Regiment - July 17th. Having overcome 9320 kilometers, the paratroopers unloaded and began to prepare for action in the mountainous desert area. At the same time, the command and reconnaissance of the division began reconnaissance of the routes of advance to the Chinese border, which was at least 200 kilometers away, and reconnaissance of the positional area for the deployment of units in battle formation.
Soon parts of the 1st Guards. Airborne Forces began advancing to the positional area. At the same time, they had to walk several hundred kilometers through a waterless, scorched desert.
July 25-29, 1945 1st Guards. The Airborne Forces, together with other parts of the corps, again began combat training. Classes were conducted in tactics, firepower training, topography, the study of the Japanese army, artillery training, etc. The main attention was paid to offensive combat in mountainous desert areas.
In the middle of the day on August 7, 1945, an order was received from the headquarters of the 53rd Army to advance the corps to the border of the MPR with Inner Mongolia in the area northwest of Lake Burdu-Nur.
Parts of the 1st Guards. Airborne Forces moved along the route: Sangin and Dalai-Nur lakes, Jamsaran. By the morning of July 8, 1945, the division concentrated in Modon-Obo.
By order of the headquarters of the 53rd Army, the 18th Guards. The SC was supposed to continue moving after dark on August 9, 1945, cross the border of the MPR with Inner Mongolia in the area west of Lake Burdu-Nur and, using the success of the tank formations going ahead, move in the general direction to Bunai Sume.
At 01:00 on August 9, 1945, the 1st Guards Airborne Division, uniting with the troops of the Trans-Baikal Front, crossed the state border of the MPR with Inner Mongolia in the area of the city of Yaldogoy. After crossing the border, she began to develop an offensive towards the Greater Khingan mountain range. The enemy showed no activity in the direction of movement of the division. A reinforced forward detachment operated ahead of the division, which included a tank battalion.
Serviceman of the 1st Guards Airborne Division, Guards Petty Officer V. B. Lyashkov. Participated in the liberation of Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia. Member of the war with Japan (August 1945).
Veteran of the division, guard foreman Vladimir Borisovich Lyashkov, in his report at a meeting of veterans in Moscow on December 16, 1982, clarifies that her flying detachment successfully operated ahead of the division as part of the 5th separate guards airborne reconnaissance company(VDRR), a half-squadron, as well as branches of reconnaissance platoons and machine gunners of the 13th Guards Airborne Rifle Regiment.
By 12:00 on August 10, 1945, units of the division stopped for a six-hour halt in the Borshi, Dunerlin area. After it, they continued to move and by 5.00 on August 11 concentrated northwest of Lake Lyksin-Nur.
After a day's rest, the division resumed movement at 21:00 on August 11, 1945, and by 10:00 on August 12, concentrated in the Hassyatennor area.
In an extract from the Journal of combat operations of the 18th Guards. SK (for May - August 1945), published on the website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation "Memory of the People 1941-1945", in the description of the events of August 16-18, 1945, it is said that the entire march took place in extremely difficult conditions. High air temperature, scorching heat, lack of sufficient water greatly exhausted the personnel and led to frequent cases of heat stroke and failure of military personnel on this basis. As a result of the difficult climatic conditions in all divisions, from the very first transition, groups of weak fighters, less able to endure the heat, stood out, who lagged behind the divisions. In the 1st Guards. By August 12, there were up to 400 such laggards in the Airborne Forces. Therefore, the command and headquarters of the corps tried to organize these groups, provide them with kitchens, food and wagons. These groups then followed the divisions under the direction of dedicated officers from each regiment and under the general direction of the commanders. training battalions. So the lagging behind were gradually thrown up to the main forces of the division going ahead.
Parts of the Red Army are crossing the Greater Khingan.
As a result of the rapid offensive on the fifth day of the operation (August 13), the paratroopers reached the Central Manchurian border and ended up in the rear of the Japanese troops. After the approach of the main forces and tanks, conditions were created for the encirclement and defeat of the Kwantung Army. 18th Guards SK had no direct contact with the enemy. Parts of the 7th Guards Mechanized Corps of the 6th Guards Tank Army crossed the Great Khingan passes and reached the eastern slopes of the ridge. 18th Guards The SC received the task of a forced march to reach the ridge of the Greater Khingan, force the Tunchakan (Melhei) pass, and continue further movement in the general direction to the headquarters of Prince Arukhorchin. 1st Guards The Airborne Forces resumed movement at 14:00 on August 13, 1945. Moreover, the head regiments of the division set out two hours earlier.
Making short halts in the areas of Bunai Sume, Nonai Sume near the lake, 12 km southeast of Nonai Sume, units of the division during August 13-14, making a continuous march, came close to the Greater Khingan ridge and by the morning of August 15 concentrated in the Mokutin (Koch ).
From an extract from the Journal of Combat Operations in the description of the events of August 16-18, 1945: “ The foothills of the Greater Khingan, swamps in the valleys, and, moreover, the rains that were falling at that time, greatly hampered the movement of parts, especially convoys, artillery and vehicles».
August 19, 1945 18th Guards. The UK was assigned a new combat mission - moving along the route of the headquarters of Prince Aruhorchin, Kailu, Suidun, Qinghebyanmen, by August 28, 1945, reach the area of occupation of Dunzhumotevanfu, Yizhou, Beizhen. From each division, it was decided to allocate advanced detachments as part of a separate anti-tank battalion (OIPTD), a separate self-propelled artillery battalion (OSAD) and cavalry groups, which by August 28, 1945 were to advance to the Yizhou, Beizhen and Panshan regions.
On the morning of August 19, 1945, the formations of the corps set out from the area of the headquarters of Prince Aruhorchin on Kaila.
By August 20, cavalry groups of forward detachments arrived in Kaila. On August 21, four self-propelled guns of the 110th Guards Rifle Division arrived there, which stood here without fuel. 1st Guards The Airborne Forces stopped 25 kilometers northwest of Kaylu.
Here, in Kayla, for the paratroopers of the 1st Guards. VDD happened significant event. It should be noted that the 1st Guards Airborne Division practically did not conduct battles with the Japanese. The tanks of the 6th Guards Tank Army, which marched ahead, took on this task. And just approaching the Chinese city of Kailu, the paratroopers from the vanguard were finally able to engage in battle with the Japanese, which, however, ended rather quickly.
This episode is described in the memoirs “Memoirs of a battery commander” (2007) by Ivan Mitrofanovich Novokhatsky, commander of a battery of 76-mm regimental guns ZIS-3 of the 4th Guards Airborne Artillery Regiment of the 1st Guards Airborne Division: “ We continue to advance. Judging by the map, there should be a small Chinese city of Kailu ahead, but because of the high kaoliang, it is not visible, even while riding a horse. Soon, however, the crops parted, a city appeared ahead, or rather, a high clay wall, because of which the city was not even visible. This wall surrounded the city on all sides. The road we were on passed through massive brick gates. Now the opening was tightly bricked up.
As soon as the advance detachment approached closer, two enemy machine guns chirped on both sides of the gate. The battalion, constituting the main forces of the forward detachment, lay down. A shootout ensued. I quickly dismounted with the scouts, took up an observation post and was observing.
Soon one of the self-propelled guns attached to the forward detachment approached the gate. The enemy machine guns fell silent. The self-propelled gun stood for about two minutes and then turned sharply, hitting one of the gate columns with its tailgate. Bricks fell down, and an opening formed in the gate, into which the soldiers of the battalion rushed.
Soon the opening was cleared, and the self-propelled gun moved forward through the gate along the city street. After some time, the entire advanced detachment penetrated the city. The enemy, obviously, realized that resistance was useless, and quickly retreated.
The city looked more like a large village: one-story clay fanzas, occasionally squat brick houses. The Chinese population quickly assessed the situation, and after a few minutes a large number of merchants appeared on the street, on the stalls of which there were various vegetables. We had no time for purchases, the enemy could organize any dirty trick, and we had to be ready.
Soon we were on the opposite side of the city. Behind the city wall, fields of high kaoliang immediately began. The enemy did not reveal himself in any way, the Chinese also could not provide any intelligible information, but only showed their hands to the east, where the Japanese had gone».
Battery Commander of the 4th Guards Airborne Artillery Regiment
1st Guards Airborne Division, Guard Captain I. M. Novokhatsky. Leningrad, May 1948
To accomplish the task, the corps commander decided on the morning of August 22, 1945 to throw cavalry detachments forward. At 6:00 am on August 22, the mounted advance detachments set out from Kaylu.
The formations of the corps, having entered the area east of Kailu, conducted reconnaissance of the river. Liaohe in order to cross it.
From an extract from the combat journal of the 18th Guards Rifle Corps: Heavy rains in the mountains led to a significant increase in the water level in the river. LYAOHE, to bottling it up to a kilometer and increasing its flow to three meters per second. Muddy banks and bogs excluded the possibility of approaching the river, the lack of timber made it difficult to arrange a crossing in a short time.
The nearest bridge across the river. LIAOHE was in the TUNLIAO area.
In order to save time and complete the task as quickly as possible, the corps was sent to the TUNLYAO area to cross the river. LYAOHE across the bridge.
At 3.30 23.8.45 the corps set out on a march to the TUNLYAO area and two crossings went to the left bank of the river. LIAOHE west of TUNLIAO
…
1 Guards Airborne Division - by 17.30 24.8.45 concentrated 8 km west of TUNLYAO».
Battalion commander I. M. Novokhatsky recalled that great help in forcing Liaohe Soviet troops This was provided by the local Chinese residents, who manually blocked the place of the breakthrough with the help of baskets with poured soil, managed to dig a channel under the bridge, and already in the dark the river again went under the bridge.
1st Guards VDD, starting to cross at 12:00 on August 27, 1945, completed the crossing before dark and concentrated on the eastern bank of the river. Liaohe, southwest of Tongliao.
Parts of the corps were preparing to continue the march since the morning of August 28, 1945. But on the night of August 28, an order was received by radio from the headquarters of the 53rd Army - the corps to remain in the occupied areas and wait for the order. On the afternoon of August 28, an order from the army headquarters was delivered by plane, according to which the 18th Guards. The SC, consisting of three divisions, was to be loaded into railway cars in the Tongliao area for transfer to the Liaodong Peninsula in the Port Arthur, Dairen area. During August 28-30, 1945, the formations of the corps were preparing for loading and pulling up units to the Tongliao railway station.
By the end of August 30, units of the 1st Guards Airborne Division were in the following places: 3rd Guards Airborne Rifle Regiment - southwest of Tongliao; 6th Guards Airborne Rifle Regiment - 2 km northwest of Tongliao; 13th Guards Airborne Rifle Regiment - 2 km southeast of Tongliao; 4th Guards Airborne Artillery Regiment - horse-drawn systems on the eastern bank of the river. Liaohe in the Tongliao area and mechanical traction systems in Kailu; 521st separate self-propelled artillery battalion - in Jasa Ail (20 km northwest of Kaylu); rear - in Kayla.
Artillery units and the rear of the division were not pulled up by auto-traction to the Tongliao area due to the complete lack of fuel.
On August 31, 1945, units of the division continued to remain in their former areas, waiting for rolling stock.
Map of military operations during the Soviet-Japanese War.
On September 9, 1945, the paratroopers, together with the whole country, celebrated Victory Day over Japan. For exemplary performance of the command assignment in battles against Japanese troops on Far East, during the breakthrough of the Manchurian-Uzhaleikur and Khalun-Arzhan fortified regions, overcoming the Greater Khingan mountain range, capturing a number of cities and showing valor and courage by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1st Guards. VDD was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. V. Stalin expressed gratitude to the entire personnel of the division.
In October 1945, the commander of the division of the guard, Major General D. F. Sobolev, left to study at the Academy General Staff Armed Forces(General Staff of the Armed Forces) of the USSR. The division was accepted by Guards Colonel A. I. Malchevsky. In November, the division arrived in the city of Nizhne-Udinsk, where it became part of the troops of the East Siberian Military District.
In an extract from the Journal of combat operations of the 18th Guards. The UK has no data on irretrievable and sanitary losses of the 1st Guards. VDD for the period from August 9 to September 2, 1945. Considering that the soldiers of the division participated in only one short battle, there were no combat losses at all.
During the Soviet-Japanese War, Soviet paratroopers had to fight more with nature than with the Japanese. But that does not make their feat any less. According to the report of the division veteran V. B. Lyashkov, participating in the Khingan-Mukden offensive operation, the 1st Guards. The VDD crossed 1000 km of deserts and the Greater Khingan Range. The crossings were carried out in conditions of exhausting heat and insufficient water. And, despite this, the soldiers of the division, hardened in the battles of the Great Patriotic War, again showed high fighting qualities. The passage of the division through the Gobi desert can be called one of the brightest pages in the history of the Russian Airborne Forces.
List of sources and literature:
1st Guards Airborne Division [ Electronic resource]. Access mode:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Guards_Airborne_Division2.1st Guards Zvenigorod-Bucharest Airborne Division [Electronic resource]. Access mode:
http://samsv.narod.ru/Div/Vdd/gvdd001/default.html3. Alekhin R.V. Airborne Troops: the history of the Russian landing. - M.: Eksmo, 2009.
4. Extract from the combat log of the 18th Guards SC for May-June-July-August, 1945. TsAMO archive, Fund 409, inventory 10057, file 535 // site "Memory of the people 1941-1945".
5. Report at a meeting of veterans of the 1st Guards. VDD in the mountains. Moscow, December 16, 1982. “The feats of arms and labor of fellow soldiers for the glory of the Fatherland” (funds of the Ural State Military History Museum, HB 1802.1 - 1802.4).
6. Nenakhov Yu. Special Forces in World War II. - Mn.: Harvest, M.: ACT, 2000.
7. Nechaev V. N. 50th Guards Tank Brigade / B. S. Lebedev; 1st Guards Airborne Division. - Saratov: Privolzh. book. publishing house, 1991.
8. Novokhatsky I. M. Memoirs of the battery commander. Divisional artillery during the Great Patriotic War. 1941-1945. - M.: ZAO Tsentpoligraf, 2007.
9. Sobolev, Dmitry Filippovich [Electronic resource]. Access mode:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobolev,_Dmitry_Filippovich10.Soviet airborne: Military history essay. - M.: Military Publishing, 1980.
11.Soviet airborne: Military history essay. - 2nd ed., Rev. and additional - M .: Military Publishing, 1986.
Senior Researcher A. S. Mamakin
Formed on 12/08/1942 on the basis of units of the 5th Airborne Corps. The division includes the 18th, 21st and 29th Guards Airborne, 10th Guards Artillery Regiments. On August 18, 1943, a group consisting of motorized division"Grossdeutschland", 10th Motorized Division, two separate battalions tanks "tiger", four regiments of self-propelled artillery, as well as separate parts and units of the 7th, 11th and 19th Panzer Divisions attacked the 27th Army. The impact of a significant part of the forces of this armored mass was the first to be taken over by the 166th Infantry Division. Two of her regiments immediately fell into an encirclement, from which they left only on the fourth day of fierce fighting. The enemy tank wedge entered obliquely into the body of the 27th Army and advanced through Akhtyrka to the southeast. The Soviet command knew about the plans of the Nazis. That is why it moved the 4th Guards Army into the threatened area in advance. The 20th Guards Corps, which included the division, was to be the first to enter the business. On August 18, instructions were received, according to which the entire corps, having the 8th and 7th Guards Airborne Division in the first echelon, and the 5th Guards in the second, was to occupy the line of defense. To the left and somewhat behind the corps, the 21st Guards Corps marched in a ledge. Thus, the entire 4th Guards Army entered into action. On 25/8/1943 at dawn, after a short artillery attack, the division went on the offensive. The guards immediately felt a sharp drop in the combat capability of the Nazis. During the day, parts of the division advanced 15 kilometers, freeing dozens of villages and farms. The offensive developed successfully. Three divisions of the 20th Guards Corps were rapidly moving southwest - Battle of Kursk without any operational pause, it developed into a battle for the Left-Bank Ukraine. There, to the gray Dnieper, the guardsmen of the division carried their battle flags. First of all, they had to take possession of Kotelva. The Nazis carefully fortified Kotelva. The fighting for her began on August 26 and ended only 14 days later. First 7th and 8th guard divisions and parts of the 3rd Guards Corps were drawn into the battle for Kotelva. 5th Guards the airborne division was unable to overcome the resistance of the units of the tank division "Dead Head", the fire of which it was stopped near the outskirts of Kotelva on the northern bank of the Kotelevka river, and fought a firefight. The enemy continuously brought up reinforcements, and soon the struggle took on a positional character. If in the first days the success of a division was determined by the capture of a street or quarter, then later the fights, stubborn, fierce, were already for every house and yard. However, the command did not allow the guardsmen to get bogged down in a powerful enemy defense . The command of the corps castled the divisions to the right, along the front, struck a blow here and, bypassing Kotelva, created a threat of encirclement of the 7th German Panzer Division. This maneuver, with minimal losses, gave a major tactical gain. The Nazis were immediately forced to leave Kotelva. On the evening of September 3, units of the 5th Guards Airborne Division, which became part of the 21st Corps, completed their shift in Kotelva of the 7th and 8th divisions of the 20th Guards Army. Under the roar of guns lined up on both sides of the corridor, the 7th and 8th divisions left the "Kotelvinskaya horseshoe", marched along the front line and concentrated to strike at the flank of the enemy grouping. On the night of October 6, 1943, the leading detachments of the division began crossing the Dnieper. Throughout October, battles for bridgeheads were going on at the Dnieper borders. Neither side has achieved decisive success. The front commander took the 7th and 8th divisions from the corps and transferred them to the main sector. Only the 5th remained in the corps, which fought local battles. In the second decade of October, the 2nd Ukrainian Front dealt a strong blow from the bridgehead, which is southwest of Kremenchug. At the same time, north of Kyiv, the 1st Ukrainian Front also went on the offensive. These were not yet pincers, but under favorable circumstances they could become them and “bite off” the enemy grouping defending on the Dnieper. A regrouping began in the 4th Guards Army. The commander decided to try again to capture Novo-Georgievsky from the already existing bridgehead in the Lipovo, Kalaborok area. The 20th Guards was transferred here. rifle corps. By the evening of October 22, the 5th and 7th divisions took up their starting positions for the offensive. At the end of November, the 43rd division withstood very heavy fighting. Its 18th and 29th regiments reached the eastern outskirts of the city of Cherkasy, cutting off the enemy's retreat. Then the Nazis, in turn, surrounded ours with a counterattack of the tank and infantry divisions. The regiments of the division fought for five days surrounded. On February 11, 1944, the division is part of the 21st Guards. 4th Guards A squadron and by 12.2.1944 reached the Oktyabr-Lysyanka-Maidanovka-Zvenigorodka section, which made it possible to reliably ensure the junction of fronts from the enemy tank grouping to Lysyanka from the Rubanny Most, Rizino area. On March 5, 1944, at 6:54 a.m., the earth trembled, the air stirred up a huge volley of force, which then turned into a continuous roar of hundreds of barrels. The sharp sounds of "Katyushas" stood out. The artillery preparation lasted about an hour. At the general signal, the guards went on the attack. The battle developed unevenly. The greatest success was indicated in the left flank division, the 7th. She took possession of Olkhovets. 06/13/1945 was transformed into the 115th Guards. sd.
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