218 separate special forces battalion 91 93. My way to special forces
On April 15, 2014, First Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine Vitaliy Yarema announced that unit 45 was operating in the East of Ukraine guards regiment airborne troops of the Russian Federation stationed in Kubinka, Moscow region. His soldiers have been identified.
Most likely, reconnaissance and sabotage platoons from both battalions operate on the territory of Ukraine.
BSNews offers readers information about this military unit based on materials from open sources:
45th Separate Guards Order of Kutuzov Order of Alexander Nevsky Special Purpose Regiment— Military Unit Airborne Troops armed forces Russian Federation.
It was formed in February 1994 on the basis of the 218th and 901st separate special-purpose battalions.
901st OBSPN
1979 - formed on the territory of the Transcaucasian Military District as the 901st separate airborne assault battalion
1979 - transferred to the Central Group of Forces in Czechoslovakia
1989 - transferred to the Baltic Military District (Aluksne)
May 1991 - transferred to the Transcaucasian Military District (Sukhumi)
August 1992 - transferred to the headquarters of the Airborne Forces and renamed the 901st separate airborne battalion
1992 - transferred as a separate battalion to the 7th Guards airborne division
1993 - during the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, he performed tasks for the protection and defense of military and government facilities on the territory of Abkhazia
October 1993 - transferred to the Moscow region
February 1994 - reorganized into the 901st separate battalion special purpose
218th OBSPN
July 25, 1992 - formed in the Moscow Military District. The points of permanent deployment were in the Moscow region.
June-July 1992 - took part as a peacekeeping force in Transnistria
September-October 1992 - took part as a peacekeeping force in North Ossetia
December 1992 - took part as a peacekeeping force in Abkhazia
February 1994 - transferred to the newly formed 45th separate regiment special purpose airborne
By July 1994, the regiment was fully formed and completed. By order of the Commander of the Airborne Forces, in order of historical continuity, the day of the formation of the 45th regiment is indicated to be the day of the formation of the 218th battalion - July 25, 1992.
On December 2, 1994, the regiment was transferred to Chechnya to participate in the liquidation of illegal armed groups. The units of the regiment took part in the hostilities until February 12, 1995, when the regiment was transferred back to its place of permanent deployment in the Moscow region (Kubinka). From March 15 to June 13, 1995, a combined detachment of the regiment operated in Chechnya.
On July 30, 1995, an obelisk was opened on the territory of the regiment's deployment in Sokolniki in honor of the soldiers of the regiment who died during the hostilities.
On May 9, 1995, for services to the Russian Federation, the regiment was awarded a diploma of the President of the Russian Federation, and the military personnel of the regiment as part of the consolidated airborne battalion took part in the parade on Poklonnaya Hill dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany.
From February to May 1997, the regiment's combined detachment was in Gudauta as part of a peacekeeping mission in the zone of separation of the Georgian and Abkhaz armed forces.
On July 26, 1997, the regiment was awarded the Battle Banner and Certificate of the 5th Guards Airborne Rifle Order of Mukachevo Kutuzov III degree regiment, disbanded on June 27, 1945.
On May 1, 1998, the regiment was renamed the 45th Separate Reconnaissance Regiment of the Airborne Forces. The 901st separate special-purpose battalion was disbanded in the spring of 1998; in 2001, a special-purpose linear battalion was created on its basis as part of the regiment (called “901st” out of old habit).
From September 1999 to March 2006, the combined reconnaissance detachment of the regiment took part in the counter-terrorist operation in the North Caucasus.
On February 2, 2001, the regiment was awarded the pennant of the Minister of Defense "for courage, military prowess and high combat skills.
August 8, 2001 on the territory of the regiment in Kubinka in the presence of Commander of the Airborne Forces Colonel-General Georgy Shpak opened a new memorial Complex in memory of the soldiers of the regiment who died in the performance of combat missions. Every year, on January 8, the regiment celebrates the Day of Remembrance for the fallen soldiers.
In April-July 2005, it was decided to transfer to the 45th regiment the Battle Banner, the title of "Guards" and the Order of Alexander Nevsky, which belonged to the 119th Guards Airborne Regiment, which was disbanded in the same year. The solemn ceremony of the transfer of distinctions took place on August 2, 2005.
In 2007, the 218th separate special-purpose battalion was reorganized into a linear one, having lost its numbering and the status of a separate military unit. Since that time, the regiment consists of two line battalions.
On February 1, 2008, the regiment was named the 45th Separate Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Special Purpose Regiment of the Airborne Forces.
In August 2008, units of the regiment took part in the operation to force Georgia to peace. The officer of the regiment, Hero of Russia Anatoly Lebed was awarded the Order of St. George IV degree.
On July 20, 2009, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2006 No. 1422, the regiment was awarded the St. George banner.
July 25, 2009, on the day of the regimental holiday, in Kubinka, a small consecration of the throne of the garrison church of the 45th separate guards regiment, consecrated in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Blessed Sky" took place.
In April 2010, the battalion tactical group of the regiment carried out a combat mission to ensure the safety of Russian citizens on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic.
By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 170 of February 9, 2011, the regiment was the first in recent history was awarded the Order of Kutuzov. The award ceremony took place on April 4, 2011 at the location of the regiment in Kubinka. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev personally attached the badge and ribbon of the order to the St. George's banner of the regiment.
In May-June 2012, the regiment's reconnaissance platoon participated in joint exercises with the Green Berets at the American military base of the 10th Special Operations Forces Group, located in Fort Carson.
Battle path
1994-1995 - First Chechen War
1997 - Georgian-Abkhazian conflict
1999-2006 - Second Chechen War
2008 - Georgian-Ossetian conflict
Armament and personnel
As of 2009, the regiment has 655 soldiers and officers, 15 BTR-80s and 1 BTR-D.
commanders
Guards Colonel Kolygin Viktor Dmitrievich (1994-2003)
Guards Colonel Kontsevoy Anatoly Georgievich (2003-2006)
Guards Colonel Shulishov Alexander Anatolyevich (2006-2012)
Guard Colonel, Hero of Russia Pankov Vadim Ivanovich (08.2012 - present)
Combat losses
901st separate battalion (before inclusion in the regiment)
During the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict in 1993, 8 servicemen were killed and about 20 were wounded.
45th separate regiment
During the participation in hostilities, the regiment lost 43 people killed, more than 80 soldiers were wounded.
1992
March - on the basis of a resolution of the UN Security Council and a decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Russian 554th separate infantry battalion of 900 people (commander - Colonel V. Loginov) was sent to Eastern Slavonia (region of the former Yugoslavia) to resolve the Serbo-Croatian conflict. The battalion was formed on the basis of the 76th and 106th air airborne divisions, 36th and 37th airborne brigades. This marked the beginning of the participation of Russian military contingents in UN peacekeeping operations.
June - the 137th parachute regiment 106th Airborne Division under the command of Colonel A. Kobelev. Purpose: to ensure the implementation of the agreement on the separation of the opposing forces in Transnistria, reached in Moscow between the conflicting parties.
On July 14, the 104th airborne regiment of the 76th airborne division entered Tskhinvali (South Ossetia) to prevent armed clashes between Ossetians and Georgians.
On August 15-16, the 345th Airborne Regiment of the Airborne Forces (commander - Colonel E. Demin) landed at the airfield in Gudauta, and the 901st separate paratrooper battalion (commander - Colonel V. Krasovsky) took up positions in Sukhumi. The paratroopers began to carry out a peacekeeping mission to separate the warring parties in the zone of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict.
August - paratroopers of the 51st parachute regiment of the 106th airborne division evacuated the staff of the Russian embassy in Kabul and foreign diplomats from war-torn Afghanistan.
On November 1, the 234th parachute regiment of the 76th airborne division began landing at the Vladikavkaz airport. The appearance of the paratroopers had a positive effect on the Ossetian-Ingush negotiations. An armistice agreement was reached, according to which the parties withdraw combat units, and Russian parachute units are being introduced to the border of North Ossetia and Ingushetia.
1993
On January 26, by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, chest and sleeve chevrons of formations, units, universities and institutions were introduced for the Airborne Forces.
May - The 98th Guards Airborne Division is transferred from Ukraine (the city of Bolgrad) to the territory of Russia in the city of Ivanovo. The 104th Guards Airborne Division was redeployed from the territory of Transcaucasia to the city of Ulyanovsk.
1994
February - part of the forces of the 554th battalion of the Russian contingent of UN forces was redeployed to the Sarajevo region and, after appropriate reinforcement, was transformed into the 629th separate UN infantry battalion with operational subordination to the Sarajevo sector and the task of separating the warring parties, monitoring compliance with the ceasefire agreement fire. In connection with the transfer of authority from the UN to NATO in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the 629th Separate UN Infantry Battalion in January 1996 ceased peacekeeping missions and was withdrawn to Russian territory. In 1994, the 45th separate special forces regiment of the Airborne Forces was formed on the basis of two units: the 901st separate airborne assault battalion and the 218th separate airborne special forces battalion.
On November 27, servicemen of the 106th Airborne Division were sent to Chechen Republic to complete a special task. They were there until April 1995. Many paratroopers were awarded orders and medals, and five of them were awarded the title of Hero of Russia.
On November 30, the President of the Russian Federation signed the Decree "On measures to restore law and order on the territory of the Chechen Republic."
On December 11–12, federal troops entered the Chechen Republic and began fighting on the restoration of the constitutional order in the republic and the disarmament of illegal armed formations. As part of the federal troops, reconnaissance groups and assault detachments of the 45th separate regiment of special forces of the Airborne Forces, paratroopers of the 76th, 98th, 104th and 106th airborne divisions, 13th, 21st, 36 th and 56th separate airborne brigades of the Airborne Forces.
1995
On January 10, a separate combined paratrooper battalion of the 7th airborne division with reinforcements was sent to the Chechen Republic to carry out a government assignment. He was in Chechnya until October 1996.
November - on the basis of the resolution of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On sending a contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in the peacekeeping operation of the multinational forces to implement the general framework agreement on peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina" on the basis of the 76th and 98th 1st Airborne Division formed a separate airborne brigade of the peacekeeping forces of the Russian Federation.
1996
January 11-13 - in accordance with the resolution of the Security Council, a separate airborne brigade of the peacekeeping forces of the Russian Federation was introduced into the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On February 3, the brigade took control of the specified territory. The area of responsibility of the Russian paratroopers was 1750 square meters. km. An organizationally separate airborne brigade became part of the North multinational division, consisting of a two-brigade division of the US Army, the Turkish and Northern Brigades (the Northern Brigade included soldiers from the armed forces of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Poland, Lithuania and Estonia). On January 12, the interethnic military contingent in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in connection with the implementation of the first stage of tasks, was renamed the SFOR troops (stabilization forces).
On August 31, an agreement was signed in Khasavyurt (Dagestan) between federal center and representatives of the Chechen separatists on the cessation of hostilities in Chechnya and the withdrawal of federal troops from the republic.
On November 12, by Order of the President of the Russian Federation No. 535 RP, the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School was named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov. It became known as: Ryazan Higher Airborne Command Twice Red Banner School named after Army General V.F. Margelov.
1997
February - a combined detachment of the 45th separate special-purpose regiment of the Airborne Forces was sent on a peacekeeping mission to the zone of separation of the Georgian and Abkhaz armed forces (the city of Gudauta).
May - Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, in order to preserve the Airborne Forces as a mobile force, demanded that the reorganization and reduction of the Airborne Forces be suspended. He considered the Airborne Forces as a reserve of the Supreme Commander. In peacetime, these troops should form the backbone of forces for conducting peacekeeping operations.
On October 26, in a solemn ceremony, the flags of Russia and the UN were lowered at the airfield near Klisa (Eastern Slavonia), where for five years (since 1992) the headquarters of the 554th Russian separate battalion of "blue helmets" was located. By November 1, the battalion removed all control posts in the area of responsibility and began to deal with the smooth transfer of personnel and military equipment from Eastern Slavonia to Russia.
1998
On April 3, in connection with the reform of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, on the basis of the 345th Guards Parachute Regiment, the 10th Separate Parachute Regiment of the Peacekeeping Forces of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation was formed.
July - the combined battalion of the 98th Guards Airborne Division was sent to carry out a peacekeeping mission in the zone of the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict.
1999
June - in accordance with the resolution of the UN Security Council and signed by the Ministers of Defense of the Russian Federation and the United States on June 18, 1999 in Helsinki "Agreed points Russian participation in the KFOR Forces, the Russian leadership decided to send to Kosovo (FRY) a military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation numbering 3,616 people. As part of the contingent, a combined battalion of the 98th Guards Airborne Division was sent to Kosovo.
August - the battalion of the 7th airborne division, having made the most difficult raid along the mountain roads, blocked the way to Dagestan for the gangs of Basaev and Khattab.
August - September - paratroopers of the 76th, 98th, 106th guards airborne divisions, 31st guards separate airborne brigade, 45th separate special purpose regiment and other parts of the Airborne Forces.
year 2000
February 29-March 1 - unparalleled mass heroism in battles with Basayev and Khattab gangs was shown by the personnel of the 6th company of the 104th parachute regiment of the 76th guards airborne division. At the cost of their lives (84 people died), the paratroopers did not allow more than 2.5 thousand militants to break out of the Argun Gorge. For this battle, 22 guardsmen (21 of them posthumously) were awarded the title of Hero of Russia, 69 (63 of them posthumously) were awarded the Order of Courage. At least 500 militants found death on the outskirts of the height of 776.0, where the paratroopers were holding the line.
year 2001
April 14 President of the Russian Federation, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin from the capital of Dagestan, Makhachkala, arrived by helicopter to a height of 776.0, where on February 29-March 1, in an unequal battle with a large Khattab gang, almost the entire 6th company of the 104th paratrooper regiment of the 76th Guards Airborne Division was killed. The President laid flowers at the monument erected at the site of the death of the paratroopers, saying: "On the day it happened, I just promised myself to go there, remember these guys, pay tribute to them."
2002
On June 22, the order of the Government of the Russian Federation was signed on holding in 2002-2003. on the basis of the 76th Airborne Division of the experiment on the recruitment of military units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, mainly military personnel passing military service under the contract.
On August 25, the 104th Airborne Regiment (commander Colonel A. Kardychkin) of the 76th Airborne Division began recruiting contract servicemen. On December 1, the 104th Airborne Regiment of the 76th Airborne Division, the first in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation formed on a contract basis, began combat training.
2004
March - at the Seltsy training ground near Ryazan, a group of generals and officers General Staff a new, still experimental structure of the airborne units, new offensive tactics of paratroopers on the battlefield and new types of weapons for the "winged infantry" were shown. All proposals of the commander of the Airborne Forces, Lieutenant General A. Kolmakov, received the approval in principle of the General Staff and formed the basis of the concept further development Airborne.
2005 year
On March 21-25, a joint combat training of the Airborne Forces and the Air Force took place, where more than 3,000 servicemen and 300 pieces of equipment participated. the main task exercises - "landing and conducting combat operations behind enemy lines" was completed. The 98th and 106th divisions of the Airborne Forces, as well as assault and bomber aircraft of the Air Force, were involved in the exercises. A landing force of up to 1500 people was thrown out. For the first time, a 125-mm self-propelled anti-tank installation "Sprut-PDS", weighing 20 tons, was parachuted and a new parachute "Arbalet-2" was tested, as well as new means of communication were tested.
On August 18-25, the first Russian-Chinese tactical exercises "Peace Mission 2005" were held in the region of Vladivostok and the Shandong Peninsula. Up to 10,000 servicemen took part. At the third stage of the exercises, an airborne assault was carried out, an amphibious landing ashore, the capture and retention of designated objects were carried out.
2006
On January 22, military tests of a new parachute for reconnaissance units and special forces of the Airborne Forces, the Arbalet, took place.
On February 1, in the 106th Airborne Division, the forces of the 137th Airborne Regiment for the first time in the Airborne Forces carried out tests on landing three BMD-3s from the IL-76 at once.
On June 17-24, joint tactical exercises "Union Shield - 2006" were held with Belarus. 8800 officers and soldiers, 36 combat aircraft, 12 helicopters, 40 tanks, 30 multiple launch rocket systems are involved.
In 2006, the Airborne Forces received about 6,000 thousand new D-10 parachutes, and the Airborne Forces also began the transition to a new organizational and staff structure, which involves the creation of airborne assault and mountain formations and units along with airborne troops.
2007
On January 27, the veteran organizations of the Airborne Forces united into the Union of Russian Paratroopers.
On March 2, during the exercises near Tula, a new airborne combat vehicle BMD-4 (Bakhcha) was landed for the first time. With the adoption of the BMD-4, the combat capabilities of the Airborne Forces increased by 2 times.
On September 11-20, Russian-Indian special tactical and anti-terrorist exercises "Indra-2007" were held on the basis of the 76th Airborne Assault Division near Pskov. 15 IL-76s were parachuted by 650 servicemen, 25 BMD-2s.
2008
On August 8-12, several thousand paratroopers from 4 formations were involved in the operation to force Georgia to peace, which was required due to the military conflict between Georgia on the one hand and South Ossetia, Abkhazia on the other. It took less than a day to transfer 2,000 kilometers from Pskov to Beslan of battalion tactical groups of the 104th and 234th air assault regiments of the 76 air assault division, which ended up in the combat area earlier than the deployed troops in North Ossetia. With the beginning of the Russian offensive, the air assault battalions became the vanguard of the advancing army.
Stationed in Novorossiysk and Stavropol, the 108th (commander Colonel S. Baran) and 247th (commander Colonel A. Naumets) air assault regiments formed the basis of the group of troops operating under the command of Lieutenant General V. Shamanov in the Abkhaz direction. They successfully carried out several ground raids on the Georgian rear, captured large military bases in Gori and Senaki, the main naval base in Poti, along with part of the Georgian fleet. A group of five battalions put to flight 7,000 Georgian servicemen who abandoned great amount military equipment, weapons and ammunition. Georgia was forced into peace.
October - Moscow hosted the founding conference of public associations of veterans of airborne, airborne and special forces, which was attended by 77 delegates from public veteran associations and organizations of Russia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. The "International Union of Paratroopers" was created, and the Hero of the Soviet Union, a veteran of the war in Afghanistan, Lieutenant General Albert Slyusar, was elected chairman.
year 2009
On October 16, during the joint complex exercise "Interaction-2009", a tactical airborne landing was carried out with units of the armed forces of the CSTO member states - Russia, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. At the Matybulak training ground (Kazakhstan), 240 paratroopers from the 31st Separate Guards Airborne Assault Brigade landed. They were delivered by 8 IL-76 planes that took off from the Russian airbase Kant (Kyrgyzstan). The paratroopers, commanded by Colonel A. Ragozin, entered the “battle” on the landing combat vehicles and in the oncoming battle destroyed the “enemy” detachment, which was trying to go to the rear of the Collective Rapid Reaction Force (CRRF) grouping.
December - the process of presenting the Battle Banners of a new type was completed in the airborne troops. From 2007 to 2009, 46 banners were awarded. Guards units Battle Banners with St. George's ribbons and a double-headed eagle with spread wings were presented. This is the highest insignia of a military unit, embodying honor, valor and glory. The old-style battle banners remained in storage in all units and formations and will be taken out to solemn events along with new ones.
2010
On March 22–26, under the leadership of the Commander of the Airborne Forces, Lieutenant General V. Shamanov, a command and staff exercise of the 76th Airborne Assault Division was held in the Pskov Region. It was unique not only for the Airborne Forces, but for the Russian Armed Forces as a whole. The exercise took place under the conditions of the new organizational and staff structure of the troops and confirmed the feasibility of maintaining the Airborne Forces in a divisional structure, helped to determine the vector for the future equipping of the troops with promising equipment.
On August 23-28, the largest command and staff exercise of the 98th Guards Airborne Division was held since the collapse of the USSR. The exercise took place on the territory of the Yaroslavl, Ivanovo and Kostroma regions. More than 4 thousand people took part in it and about 300 pieces of equipment were involved. More than 1,300 paratroopers, 32 units of various military equipment, were successfully landed using multi-dome and parachute-rocket landing systems, including: BMD-2, Nona self-propelled artillery guns, Sprut self-propelled anti-tank guns, control vehicle "Rheostat", fuel tankers, etc. For the first time thrown outmodern armored vehicles BMD-4M.
2011
From February 28 to March 5, in the Tula and Ryazan regions, a divisional command and staff exercise was held with the 106th Guards Airborne Division of the Red Banner Order of Kutuzov on the ground with landing and live fire. More than 3,500 military personnel took part in the exercise, about 200 pieces of equipment were involved. During the maneuvers, the issues of training the command and control units of the formation and units in the field using modern means of an automated control system (ACS) and communications, organizing interaction with the combat control of aviation, air defense and electronic warfare, and performing combat training tasks were worked out.
On September 19-27, the strategic exercise "Center-2011" was held at the training grounds located in the territories of Russia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, as well as in the waters of the Caspian Sea. The trainees practiced in the use of interspecific groupings of troops (forces) in the conduct of hostilities in the Central Asian strategic direction. On the basis of bilateral agreements, military command and control bodies, troops (forces) of the armed forces of the CSTO member states (the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Tajikistan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation) were involved in the exercise on the basis of bilateral agreements.
As part of the Russian operational group, 60 paratroopers, 160 servicemen from the 201st military base of the Russian Federation, participated in the exercise. The officers of the command of the Airborne Forces were part of the leadership of the exercise, and the officers of the headquarters of the 98th Guards Airborne Division and the military units included in its composition acted as trainees (98th Guards Airborne Division and 31st Separate Guards Airborne Division and 31st Guards Airborne Division). the assault brigade is part of the CSTO CRRF from the Russian Federation).
In total, about 12,000 military personnel, up to 70 aircraft, up to 1,000 weapons, military and special equipment, up to 10 combat and support ships, as well as operational groups from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Federal Security Service, the FSO and the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia took part in the Center-2011 exercise.
year 2012
January - the electronic warfare (EW) units of the Airborne Forces received 4 units of the latest Infauna radio reconnaissance and radio suppression systems. The use of the unique capabilities of the complex makes it possible to significantly increase the protection of armored vehicles and personnel of landing units from radio-controlled mine-explosive devices and to provide radio suppression of enemy communications.
March - Artillerymen of the 98th Guards Airborne Division during field exits of artillery units of the Airborne Forces at the Luga training ground in Leningrad region conducted tests of new reconnaissance, control and communications systems (KRUS) "Strelets" and an experimental video surveillance system (SVN), which allow the crews of self-propelled artillery guns 2S9 "Nona" and "Sprut" to significantly reduce the time from determining the coordinates of enemy targets, carrying out the necessary calculations and aiming at the target until the command to open fire is transmitted. The characteristics of an experienced SVN, for example, allow the gun crew to see the target at a distance of up to 5 kilometers.
April 6-7 in Tambov on the basis of the boarding school "Multipurpose cadet corps» The Union of Paratroopers of Russia held an All-Russian seminar-conference “Fundamentals, ways and methods of improving the military patriotic education and pre-conscription training of youth”. The participants of the meeting exchanged experience in military-patriotic education and pre-conscription training of youth, the application of the legislative and regulatory framework, and discussed the draft federal law "On Patriotic Education". They also discussed the organization of interaction and the formation of a single information space for subjects of patriotic education, methods of recruiting the army by conscription and contract, and prospects for the development of military applied sports.
year 2013
From May 1, 2013, in accordance with the instructions of the Minister of Defense, the 242nd Training Center training of junior specialists of the Airborne Forces was returned to the staff of the Airborne Forces. Earlier, due to organizational and staffing activities, the training center was excluded from the list of airborne units, and its material and technical base was transferred to the 473rd interspecific district training center. The training center organizes education and training in six main specialties for the Airborne Forces: "driver" and "gunner-operator of an airborne combat vehicle", "commander of the crew of the D-30 howitzer", "commander of the crew of the 2S9 Nona self-propelled artillery mount", " commander of the reconnaissance and fire control point for artillery 1V119 "Rheostat".
On May 30, in Moscow, under the chairmanship of the Minister of Defense, General of the Army Sergei Shoigu, a meeting of the Collegium of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was held. First of all, the issue of measures to improve the system of combat training of the Armed Forces was brought up for discussion. The second issue on the agenda of the meeting of the Board of the Ministry of Defense concerned the prospects for the development of the Airborne Forces for the period up to 2025. In particular, the report submitted to the board contained a proposal in the air assault formations to have mixed aviation regiments of army aviation and a squadron of unmanned aerial vehicles aircraft. In the airborne divisions - to return An-2 squadrons for training jumps, two Mi-8VzPU helicopters - air control posts, and also to have a squadron of unmanned aerial vehicles.
On September 20-26, units of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation took part in the exercise of the Collective Rapid Response Forces of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization "Interaction-2013" on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. During the exercise, the Russian self-propelled artillery battery 2S9 "NONA" was parachuted for the first time together with three companies of paratroopers from Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
On September 24, 300 paratroopers of the 98th Guards Airborne Division with weapons and equipment made their first assault landing beyond the Arctic Circle.
year 2014
February - a decision was made to form two electronic warfare companies. Both units will be part of separate air assault brigades located in the Eastern Military District. In the future, until 2017, new electronic warfare units will be included in all airborne formations.
April - The Airborne Forces are actively involved in the implementation of the "Arctic vector" of Russia's military policy, the purpose of which is to protect Russian interests in this region. In particular, a reconnaissance group of the command of the Airborne Forces was sent on an An-74 military transport aircraft of the Air Force to the Kola Peninsula to study the possibilities of landing in high latitudes. Another landing group flew from Olenegorsk ( Murmansk region) to the drifting Russian polar station Barneo.
August - the formation of peacekeeping forces was completed in the Russian Airborne Forces. In addition to the 31st ODShBR, five more peacekeeping battalions have been formed: one battalion in each division (76th and 7th air assault, 98th and 106th airborne) and in the Kamyshinskaya 56th ODShBR, reassigned in 2013 from ground forces. As a result, the total number of paratroopers-peacekeepers amounted to more than 5 thousand people.
November 6-16 - joint Serbian-Russian tactical anti-terrorist military exercise"SREM-2014", held in Serbia. According to the plan of the operation, Russian intelligence officers landed in a given area on special parachute systems of the new generation Arbalet-2, and moved further towards the target on new vehicles for mobile units - combat ATVs. Their actions were supported by Serbian special forces, thanks to which, as well as the actions of the crews of unmanned aerial vehicles of both sides and the work of the pilot of the Russian combat delta aircraft, important firing points and objects of the imaginary enemy were successfully opened. At the live firing stage, 9K 111 Fagot portable anti-tank missile systems, BMD-2 airborne combat vehicles, 60-mm mortars, RPG-18 Mukha grenade launchers and weapon. The terrorists' reserve units were also destroyed after repeated reconnaissance on ATVs and UAVs. Joint actions were also worked out by the divisions of radiation, chemical and biological protection and the medical service of the parties.
2015
February - to be completed official duties more than 20 officers-psychologists started. Positions of officers-psychologists appeared in separate connections, as well as in parachute and air assault regiments airborne troops. All officers-psychologists have a higher psychological education and have undergone additional training at the Military University of the Russian Ministry of Defense. In addition, more than 70 civilian psychological service specialists continue to work at the points of permanent deployment of formations and military units of the Airborne Forces.
March 19 - units of the Pskov Airborne Forces, as part of a strategic command and staff training, landed on an unfamiliar landing site and immediately engaged in battle with a mock enemy. In total, more than 700 paratroopers and 10 combat vehicles were airborne. The special reconnaissance units, which carried out a parachute landing with the capture of a bridgehead to develop the offensive of the main forces, marched to the rear of the blockaded units of the mock enemy.
During the simultaneous regrouping of troops, with the marches and redeployment of airborne units, over 2,000 paratroopers of the Pskov Airborne Forces formation, more than 120 units of military equipment, up to 10 aircraft of the Military Transport Aviation participated.
The day before, battalion tactical groups of the Airborne Assault Division of the Airborne Forces marched on standard military equipment along roads and across rough wooded and swampy terrain, overcoming water barriers. More than 1,500 military personnel and 100 units of military and special equipment of the Airborne Forces took part in the combined marches.
To be continued…
Russian paratroopers are revered not only in their own country. They are respected by the whole world. One American general is known to have said that if he had a company of Russian paratroopers, he would have conquered the entire planet. Among the legendary formations of the Russian army is the 45th Airborne Regiment. He has interesting story, central part which is occupied by heroic deeds.
We are proud of our paratroopers, honor their courage, valor and readiness to defend the interests of the Motherland at any cost. Glorious Pages military history The USSR, and then Russia, appeared, largely due to the heroic deeds of paratroopers. Soldiers serving in the Airborne Forces fearlessly performed the most difficult tasks and special operations. The airborne troops are among the most prestigious formations of the Russian army. Soldiers strive to get there, wanting to feel involved in creating the glorious military history of their country.
45th Airborne Regiment: key facts
The 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces was formed in early 1994. Its base was separate battalions number 218 and 901. By the middle of the year, the regiment was equipped with weapons and fighters. The 45th regiment began its first combat operation in December 1994 in Chechnya. The paratroopers participated in the battles until February 1995, and then returned to the Moscow region, to the base of their deployment on a permanent basis. In 2005, the regiment received the Battle Flag of the Guards Regiment No. 119
From the moment of its foundation, the military formation became known as the 45th reconnaissance regiment of the Airborne Forces. But in early 2008, it was renamed the Special Forces Regiment. In August of the same year, it participated in a special operation to force Georgia to peace. In 2010, Regiment 45 tactical group ensured the safety of Russian citizens during the riots in Kyrgyzstan.
background
The basis for the formation of the 45th separate guards regiment was the 218th and 901st special forces battalions. The fighters of the first battalion had taken part in three combat operations by that time. In the summer of 1992, the battalion served in Transnistria, in September - in the territories where there was a conflict between Ossetian and Ingush combat groups, in December - in Abkhazia.
Battalion number 901 since 1979 was part of Soviet troops on the territory of Czechoslovakia, in 1989 he was redeployed to Latvia and transferred to the structure of the Baltic Military District. In 1991, the 901st Special Forces Battalion was relocated to the Abkhaz ASSR. In 1992, it was renamed the paratrooper battalion. In 1993, the formation performed tasks related to the protection of state and military facilities. In the fall of 1993, the battalion was redeployed to the Moscow region. Then came the 45th regiment Airborne Forces of Russia.
Awards
In 1995, the 45th Airborne Regiment received the Diploma of the President of Russia for services to the country. In July 1997, the formation was awarded the banner of the airborne regiment number 5, which participated in the hostilities during the Great Patriotic War. In 2001, the regiment received Vympel from the Minister of Defense of Russia - for courage, high combat skills and real valor when participating in hostilities on the territory of Chechnya. 45 guards regiment The Airborne Forces owns the Order of Kutuzov - the corresponding decree was signed by the President of Russia. The military formation was awarded this award for the success in the heroic performance of military operations, the heroism and courage shown by the soldiers and the command. The regiment became the first carrier in the modern history of our country. In July 2009, the formation received the St. George banner.
The title of Hero of Russia was given to ten fighters, whose duty station was the 45th Airborne Regiment. The Order of Courage was awarded to 79 paratroopers. Ten military personnel of the regiment were awarded the medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" of the second degree. Seventeen and three paratroopers received the Orders "For Military Merit" and "For Merit to the Fatherland", respectively. Medals "For Courage" were received by 174 servicemen, the medal of Suvorov - 166. Seven people were awarded the Zhukov medal.
Anniversary
Kubinka near Moscow - the 45th Airborne Regiment is based there - in July 2014 was the place where the anniversary celebrations dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the formation were held. The event was held in the format open doors- the paratroopers showed their combat skills to the guests, the parachute units descended from the sky flag of the Airborne Forces, and the famous pilots from the Russian Knights team showed the wonders of aerobatics on fighter jets.
The legendary regiment as part of the Airborne Forces
Which includes the 45th regiment - Airborne Forces (airborne troops) of Russia. Their history dates back to August 2, 1930. Then the first paratroopers of the Air Force of the Moscow District made a parachute landing in our country. It was a kind of experiment that showed military theorists how promising the landing of parachute units could be from the point of view of combat operations. The first official unit of the airborne troops of the USSR appeared only the following year in the Leningrad Military District. The formation included 164 people, all of them were servicemen of the airborne assault detachment. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, there were five airborne corps in the USSR, each of which served 10,000 fighters.
Airborne Forces during the Great Patriotic War
With the outbreak of war, all Soviet airborne corps entered into battles taking place on the territory of the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Lithuanian Republics. The largest operation involving paratroopers during the war years is considered to be the battle with a group of Germans near Moscow in early 1942. Then 10 thousand paratroopers won the most important victory for the front. Parts of the Airborne Forces were connected to the battles near Stalingrad.
Paratroopers Soviet army honorably fulfilled their duty to defend the city. Airborne Army The USSR also took part in the battles after the defeat of Nazi Germany - in August 1945 they fought on Far East against the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces. Over 4,000 paratroopers helped the Soviet troops win important victories in this sector of the front.
After the war
Particular attention, according to military analysts, in the post-war strategy for the development of the USSR Airborne Forces was given to the organization of hostilities behind enemy lines, increasing the combat capability of soldiers, and interacting with army units, subject to the possible use atomic weapons. The troops began to be equipped with new aircraft of the AN-12 and AN-22 type, which, thanks to their large carrying capacity, could deliver vehicles, armored vehicles, artillery and other means of warfare behind enemy lines.
Every year, an increasing number of military exercises were conducted with the participation of airborne soldiers. Among the largest - held in the spring of 1970 in the Byelorussian ASSR. As part of the Dvina exercises, more than 7 thousand soldiers and more than 150 guns were parachuted. In 1971, exercises "South" of a comparable scale took place. In the late 1970s, the application was first tested in landing operations new aircraft "Il-76". Until the collapse of the USSR, the soldiers of the Airborne Forces at each of the exercises repeatedly showed the highest combat skills.
Airborne troops of the Russian Federation today
Now the Airborne Forces are considered a structure that is called upon independently (or as part of it to carry out combat missions in conflicts of various scales - from local to global. About 95% of the Airborne Forces are in a state of constant combat readiness. Landing forces are considered one of the most mobile branches of the Russian military. They are also called upon to perform the functions of conducting combat operations behind enemy lines.
As part of the Russian Airborne Forces - four divisions, its own training center, institute, as well as a large number of structures that perform work on provision, supply and maintenance.
The motto of the Russian Airborne Forces is "No one but us!" The service of a paratrooper is considered by many to be one of the most prestigious and at the same time difficult. As of 2010, 4,000 officers, 7,000 contract soldiers, and 24,000 conscripts served in the Airborne Forces. Another 28,000 are civilian personnel of the formation.
Paratroopers and operation in Afghanistan
The largest participation of the Airborne Forces in hostilities after the Great Patriotic War took place in Afghanistan. The 103rd division, the 345th airborne regiment, two battalions participated in the battles, motorized rifle brigades. A number of military analysts believe that the specifics of the conduct of hostilities in Afghanistan did not imply the advisability of using parachute landing as a method of transferring combat strength army. This, according to analysts, is due mountainous terrain countries and also high level the cost of such operations. Private composition of the Airborne Forces, as a rule, was transferred using helicopters.
the largest airborne operation The USSR in Afghanistan became the Battle of Panjera in 1982. More than 4 thousand paratroopers took part in it (with total number soldiers involved in the operation, 12 thousand people). as a result of the fighting, she was able to take the main part of the Panjer Gorge under her control.
Combat operations of the Airborne Forces after the collapse of the USSR
The paratroopers, despite the difficult times that came after the collapse of the superpower, continued to defend the interests of their country. They were often peacekeepers in the territories of the former Soviet republics. Russian paratroopers made themselves known to the whole world during the conflict in Yugoslavia in 1999. Soldiers of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation made the famous throw at Pristina, having managed to get ahead of the military from NATO.
Throw on Pristina
On the night of June 11-12, 1999, Russian paratroopers appeared on the territory of Yugoslavia, starting from neighboring Bosnia and Herzegovina. They managed to occupy an airfield located near the city of Pristina. There, a few hours later, NATO soldiers appeared. Some details of those events are known. In particular, US Army General Clark ordered his colleague from the British armed forces to prevent the Russians from seizing the airfield. He replied that he did not want to provoke a third world war. However, the main part of the information on the essence of the operation in Pristina is not available - it is all classified.
Russian paratroopers in Chechnya
Troops of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation took part in both Chechen wars. Regarding the first - most of data is still secret. It is known, for example, that among the most famous operations of the second campaign with the participation of the Airborne Forces is the Battle of Argun. The Russian army received the task of blocking a strategically significant section of the transport highways passing through the Argun Gorge. According to him, the separatists received food, weapons and medicines. The paratroopers joined the operation in December as part of the 56th Airborne Regiment.
The heroic feat of the paratroopers participating in the battles for 776 heights near the Chechen Ulus-Kert is known. In February 2000, the 6th company of the Airborne Forces from Pskov entered the battle with the grouping of Khattab and Basaev, ten times larger in number. During the day, the militants were blocked inside the Argun Gorge. Performing the task, the soldiers of the Pskov company of the Airborne Forces did not spare themselves. Only 6 soldiers survived.
Russian paratroopers and the Georgian-Abkhazian conflict
In the 90s, units of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation carried out in the territories where Georgian-Abkhazian conflict, mainly peacekeeping functions. But in 2008, the paratroopers participated in combat operations. When the Georgian army attacked South Ossetia, units of the Russian army were sent to the war area, including 76 airborne division Russia from Pskov. According to a number of military analysts, there were no major amphibious landings in this special operation. However, according to experts, the participation of Russian paratroopers had a psychological effect - primarily on the political leadership of Georgia.
45th regiment: renaming
AT recent times there is information that the 45th Airborne Regiment can receive the honorary name of the Preobrazhensky regiment. A military formation with this name was founded by Peter the Great and became legendary. There is a version that the initiative regarding the fact that the 45th regiment of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation should be renamed comes from a statement by the President of Russia, who expressed the opinion that formations named after famous regiments, such as Semenovsky, Preobrazhensky, should appear in the Russian army. At one of the military councils of the Russian Airborne Forces, as indicated in some sources, the proposal of the President was considered, and as a result, responsible persons were instructed to prepare information on the start of work on the creation of historical army regiments. It is quite possible that the 45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces of the Russian Federation will receive the title of Preobrazhensky.
The sign of the “gray wolves”, which Markelov told “Zimin” about, is the emblem of the special forces of the Airborne Forces. It depicts a wolf in front of a parachute. And if you connect it with the “features” of the work of some military men of the 45th regiment, the emblem takes on a special, sinister meaning...
When Soviet Union was already beginning to crumble at the seams, the Airborne Troops became a “fire brigade” for those in power. The Airborne Forces were thrown into all the "hot spots" of the late eighties - early nineties: from Karabakh to Transnistria. Most of these "non-traditional tasks" on paper, in orders, of course, were not formalized ... And most of them - still remain a secret.
One of the most active in “unconventional activities” was separate company special forces, which was stationed in the Bear Lakes, near Moscow. At the end of the 91st, the 218th Airborne Special Forces Battalion was formed on the basis of this company. And he had to perform tasks not only far from “home”.
The special company of the battalion (it was commanded by Vladimir Morozov) played a very interesting role in the October events of 1993.
For participation in them, company officers - for example, the same Morozov - the command ahead of schedule presented them with new ranks and awards.
“Vladimir Vitalievich Morozov especially distinguished himself in the period from October 3 to October 6, 1993, during the liquidation of an attempt to overthrow political system. From the very beginning, the company of Captain Morozov carried out the task of neutralizing the active actions of the opposition. Sensitively reacting to the situation, Morozov promptly reported the growing danger to the operational headquarters. Having received an order to guard the facility, the company took up defensive positions and thereby prevented the reactionary-minded group from breaking through into the crowd of civilians, ”the commander wrote in the“ submission ”.
But everything was not so simple.
As we now know from the materials of the case, employees of the special company and even officers of the intelligence department of the headquarters of the Airborne Forces during the October events were ... in the White House. On behalf of the head of intelligence of the Airborne Forces Pavel Popovskikh.
One of the employees of a special company received 74 machine guns and cartridges from the warehouse of the Supreme Council. (Where this weapon then went is unknown. It was never found.)
Shared the suffering with the besieged and the deputy of Pavel Popovsky, Mr. Ivanov.
And half an hour before the start of the assault, another deputy of the Popovskys, Mr. Prokopenko, appeared in the White House - he warned Vladislav Achalov, the former commander of the Airborne Forces, about the impending operation. Rutskoi, as is known, appointed him "Minister of Defense" of the opposition...
Do you remember the rumors that circulated in Moscow: about the “underground passages” through which the White House people got out of the siege?
In the case of Kholodov, oddly enough, these rumors were confirmed.
Vladimir Morozov said: Popovskikh set him the task of removing a “group of comrades” from the database on underground utilities. Among them was Vladislav Achalov. We went down, let's go ... But, says Morozov, "Achalov, as I know, stumbled, twisted his leg, got a stretched back and could not get out."
The rest did it. Morozov was assisted by Konstantin Mirzayants, his recent neighbor in the dock.
We walked for a long time - we went outside right in the Plyushchikha area.
Among other things, "they carried with them wooden boxes with documents - compromising evidence on Grachev, Yeltsin."
Why did Colonel Popovskikh need to play such "double games"? After all, Pavel Grachev, his boss, who singled out the Airborne Forces in every possible way, seemed to be the first and main defender of Boris Yeltsin against the “Belodomovites” ...
It seems to be ... But different things are said about the true role of Pavel Sergeevich in October 1993 (Dima Kholodov wrote about this, causing Grachevsky's anger). Take, for example, President Yeltsin's reminiscences of Grachev's "vacillation" in those days.
Pavel Grachev, like Pavel Popovskikh, has always been a fan of "double games". And always - tried to insure against any outcome.
By the way, where did those “wooden boxes with compromising evidence” go is also unknown. Maybe they are still somewhere in safes - as someone's insurance ...
But let's get back to the figure of Pavel Popovskikh.
Who is he, the man who was accused of organizing a criminal group to kill Dima?
So far - dry biography:
POPOVSKIKH Pavel Yakovlevich
Russian. Born in the village of Ploskaya, Kurgan Region, in 1946. He studied at the Far East Higher Combined Arms Command School. According to the distribution, he ended up in Belogorsk, Amur Region, in the paratrooper regiment of the Airborne Forces. From there he was transferred to Bolgrad, Odessa region.
In 1976 he graduated from the intelligence department of the Shot courses. Then he studied at the Academy. Frunze in Moscow. He was the secretary of the primary party organization.
Since 1981, he worked in the intelligence department of the headquarters of the Airborne Forces, since 1990 - the head of the intelligence department.
Dismissed to the reserve in 1997 with the rank of colonel. He worked as a consultant for the Neftestroyservis company.
Fought in Azerbaijan, Transnistria, Chechnya.
He was awarded the Order of Courage (for participation in the Chechen events), the medal "For Military Merit" (for the restoration of the constitutional order in the Azerbaijan SSR). He has 12 awards in total.
Married, two children.
Pavel Popovsky had a much closer relationship with Pavel Grachev than the colonel tried to present in court. This is not a flight of my imagination - this is concrete evidence from the case.
They studied together at the Frunze Academy. But this may not be so important.
It is important that during periods of "political exacerbations" they communicated on issues far from purely military ones.
Remember the testimony of the Source about Mr. Kotenev, who allegedly had a relationship with Chuchkov?
In 1993, Kotenev, who headed the “Afghan” union, took an active part in the siege of the White House. On Yeltsin's side.
Kotenev was a close friend of Grachev.
Mr. Kotenev told the investigators that after these events, he did not know from whom the threats began to come. And he turned to Grachev for protection.
Grachev helped - he first summoned the commander of the Airborne Forces, and then the head of intelligence Popovskikh. As a result, "one of landing units, which consisted mainly of officers ”(namely, this is how a special company of the 218th battalion was formed), instructed“ to conduct intelligence work ”, the results of which the officers reported to Popovsky, and he to Kotenev.
Then, in the papers of Vladimir Morozov, the investigators found records relating to such “intelligence work”. Like: "N. has a lot of interest in protecting the Object”...
In December 1993, Pavel Popovskikh went to report to the Minister of Defense. What is he reporting? About ... the results of the elections to the State Duma.
What does the head of intelligence of the Airborne Forces have to do with it? In the Duma of a new type, trenches have been dug, corridors have been mined, and deputies in black armbands are smacking at the civilian population with grenade launchers?
But Popovskikh comes with a report - which means that he could bring the Minister of Defense, let's say, "undercover" information. Not for the general public. Which someone specially painstakingly collected.
Pavel Yakovlevich generally liked to show official zeal in those areas that, it would seem, he should not have touched on the service. He did this not necessarily by order - so, on his own initiative.
This, for example, was mentioned during interrogations by a senior official from the FSK, who supervised the paratroopers in his own line: “Popovskikh is an adventurer by nature. He invaded my field of work. He, for example, involved the officers of the regiment in security work. Once I saw an officer who was guarding Eric Honecker (meaning the events when the former head of the GDR fled to Moscow. - Auth.). He asked who sent the officer - Popovskikh!
The head of the intelligence department of the headquarters of the Airborne Forces was one of those who transferred the “non-traditional tasks” of the leadership to the special forces and set them himself.
And after October 1993, Pavel Grachev had a condition for another fateful “task”.
Unrest in society then continued. No one ruled out new unrest in the capital. Pal Sergeich needed not somewhere in the region, but in Moscow his “power fist”, “personal reserve”. A unit that, in which case, would have carried out any command of the Minister of Defense.
First Deputy Chief of the General Staff Leonid Zolotov explained to the investigators: “In my opinion, Grachev in Moscow needed, figuratively speaking, a club, that is, a power unit.”
Why did he choose the Airborne Forces?
In the "landing" Grachev made his career. Becoming a minister - the Airborne Forces caressed.
Leonid Zolotov: “Grachev praised the Airborne Forces, he allocated the best funds, apartments, ranks flowed, paratroopers enjoyed priority in the distribution of posts ... I can also say that he stated: “All divisions will be commanded by paratroopers!”
The paratroopers reciprocated Pal Sergeyevich ...
In February 1994, the 45th Airborne Special Forces Regiment began to form. It is created on the basis of the already mentioned 218th battalion and another unit withdrawn from Sukhumi. The place for the regiment in Moscow is chosen by the most elite - in Sokolniki, next to the headquarters of the Airborne Forces. Another part of the regiment is stationed in Kubinka.
Grachev instructed the Popovskikhs to “create” the regiment. As one of the defendants mentioned, “The 45th regiment was the brainchild of the Popovskys, he punched through it, supervised all issues, starting with footcloths.” The colonel carefully selected personnel for the “personal reserve” of the Minister of Defense ...
The special company, commanded by Vladimir Morozov, became a special detachment of special forces of the 45th regiment - its "secret core".
The detachment gathered people with skills and abilities that very, very few possess in the army.
They used the "technologies" of the GRU - some of them, including Morozov, specially took GRU courses.
They could disguise the mine as anything from a fountain pen to a “diplomat”.
They knew how to conduct surveillance, lay hiding places, work with agents, engage in "special psychological propaganda."
They were taught not just to kill in battle - to plan and conduct operations to eliminate people ...
Together with Morozov, many of his former colleagues got into the detachment, and newcomers appeared. But even with the former "colleagues" in the company, Morozov, of course, continued to maintain relations.
Now is the time to turn to the biographies of four more accused of the murder of our colleague.
MOROZOV Vladimir Vitalievich.
Ukrainian. Born in 1966 in Kherson, in a working-class family. At school, he actively attended circles, played the accordion. Graduated from Moscow Suvorov School. Then - the Ryazan Higher Airborne command school.
He has been a member of the CPSU since 1988.
In 1991-1992 he served in the Transcaucasian Military District, in Azerbaijan.
He performed special tasks - including tasks assigned to him personally by Pavel Grachev - in Transnistria, Abkhazia, Chechnya.
Military rank- major.
Awarded the Order "For Personal Courage"
And a medal for bravery.
Married, has a child.
Morozov met Konstantin Mirzayants, his deputy, at the Ryazan School - they studied on the same course ...
MIRZAYANTS Konstantin Yurievich.
Armenian. Born in 1967 in Mary, Turkmen SSR. Mother was an economist in a geological exploration expedition, father was a geophysicist.
Graduated from the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School. He began to serve in Poland. Then he was transferred to Ussuriysk.
During the visit of Pavel Grachev to Ussuriysk, he turned to him about the possibility of improving the conditions of service. After that, he was called to the headquarters of the Airborne Forces and received the post of company commander of the 218th special forces battalion.
Together with Morozov, he fought in Transnistria and Chechnya.
Since April 1994 - Deputy Commander of a special detachment for special purposes.
He was discharged from the army for health reasons in December 1995 (he was shell-shocked in Chechnya) with the rank of major.
He worked in the Association of Veterans of Special Forces Units "Vityaz", was engaged in commerce.
Awarded with orders"For personal courage" and "Courage".
Married, two children.
Konstantin Barkovsky did not serve in the 45th regiment. But he served in his "predecessor" - the 218th battalion.
“BARKOVSKY Konstantin Olegovich.
Russian. Born in 1970 in Malakhovka. His father was a welder at a weaving and spinning factory, his mother was a laboratory chemist at the factory. He was brought up in a boarding school.
Graduated Ryazan school majoring in command tactical intelligence, foreign languages.
He has been a member of the CPSU since 1990.
Since 1991 - translator of the reconnaissance group of the 218th battalion.
Together with Morozov, he fought in Transnistria and Abkhazia.
In 1993, he was dismissed from the armed forces "due to service inconsistency" with the rank of lieutenant.
He worked in a number of firms - FPG "Sport", "Ornament-Trading D", the legal agency "Magistrat".
Married, has a child.
What Barkovsky's "official inconsistency" expressed is not exactly known. He himself said in court that he simply did not want to serve in the army anymore, so they chose the most suitable wording for him ...
Alexander Soroka is the only one from the “special forces group” who did not study in Ryazan. But in a special detachment, he was in a special account because of his "explosive" specialty.
SOROKA Alexander Mstislavovich.
Born in 1967 in the Podolsky district of the Moscow region. He worked as a mechanic on a collective farm. Then he graduated from the Kamenetz-Podolsk Higher Command School.
Since 1989 he served in the Tula Airborne Division.
Fought in Abkhazia, Transnistria, Chechnya.
When a special company needed a specialist miner, he became Morozov's deputy. He remained his deputy for special training and in a special detachment of the 45th regiment.
Military rank - major.
Has awards.
Married, has a child.
So, the 45th Airborne Special Forces Regiment is being created.
His official appointment, as Pavel Popovskikh explained in court, is “to carry out the most important tasks in “hot spots” and conduct special reconnaissance deep behind enemy lines.”
Pay attention to the words: “hot spots” and “enemy rear”. This is important because the 45th regiment and the special detachment had work that did not fit into this concept in any way ...
Even some of those people who, according to their position, were supposed to control the regiment and detachment, should not have known about this work.
“I had no influence on the 45th regiment, although I had to check its activities. I was simply not allowed to do this...” - this is the testimony of the first deputy chief of staff Airborne Anatolia Belyanin.
And here is what the acting director said during the investigation. the chief of staff of the 45th regiment, Mr. Tur: “Only Popovskikh and Ivanov (deputy Popovskikh. - Auth.) had the right to give tasks to a special detachment, the regiment commander Kolygin was only its formal chief. Kolygin forbade me to touch the detachment and interfere in its activities.”
And, finally, the word to the commander of the 45th regiment, Mr. Kolygin: "In principle, I do not rule out that the commander of the special detachment, Morozov, could receive an order in addition to me."
Phantasmagoric situation for the army, isn't it?
However, this phantasmagoria has two explanations. The first must be sought in the same big politics. The second is big money.
From the testimony of Nikolai Vasiliev, an employee of the Department of Management for educational work Headquarters of the Airborne Forces: “It was especially clear that in 1994 Popovskikh quite often got in touch with Minister of Defense Grachev.
There was one, as it was called in our common people, “object number two”, the protection of which was provided by the 45th regiment and where, apparently, some events were held. The commander of the regiment, Kolygin, was engaged in ensuring the protection of that object ... I don’t know exactly where that object was located, but somewhere not far from the headquarters of the Airborne Forces. He seemed to be listed as the house of the commander of the Airborne Forces. Grachev, Podkolzin (head of the Airborne Forces. - Author) and other high-ranking generals met there ...
Popovsky's calls were repeatedly answered that he was not there - he had gone to the minister, or the minister himself called him to him.
The officers of the headquarters of the Airborne Forces said: “Well, Pasha, you will go far!”
I can only guess what the military leaders at “object number two” were talking about and what Pavel Popovskikh reported to them about. Of course, my assumptions are not the materials of the investigation.
But the case file contains, for example, the following testimony from one of the employees of the special detachment: “I received an oral order from the Popovskys to go to Lubyanka Square, where an opposition rally was to be held. The task is to collect all the literature that was available and distributed there, fixing all the speakers and representatives of the extreme opposition. Then he had to submit a detailed report of the Popovskikhs. With me were two ensigns of the detachment ... "
And during the investigation, Popovskikh himself admitted that he was personally entrusted with “work with the press.”
“At that time, the psychological special propaganda service was transferred to intelligence ... I tried my best to use my connections in order to protect the army as a whole from publications of negative coverage about it. On this subject, I had a conversation with the editor of the newspaper Zavtra, Prokhanov. This newspaper soon after the October events began to publish malicious anti-army articles against the army as a whole and especially the units that took part in the October events, among which was named special forces of the Airborne Forces...
I told Prokhanov not to disgrace the army. Prokhanov agreed with me and after that he changed the nature of publications about the army. I had a similar conversation with Nevzorov Alexander Glebovich in 1994. He also put on his TV shows on Leningrad television, denouncing the army for the October 1993 events in Moscow. In addition, at the same time, I maintained close contacts with the editor of Novaya Daily Gazeta, Lepekhin. He was a very informed person, and some of the materials he received on political issues I brought to the attention directly or through my leadership to Minister of Defense Grachev.
But it wasn't just one who "worked" with the Popovsky press. They helped him.
In the 94th year, not somewhere in the Ministry of Internal Affairs buildings, but on the territory of the 45th regiment, a certain “information and analytical unit of the GUOP Ministry of Internal Affairs” secretly worked for several months. He was supervised by his friend and neighbor Pavel Popovskikh in the country, deputy head of the GUOP Boris Baturin.
The division studied the activities of “individual Russian journalists”. How and why - one can only guess. There are no details in the case file.
But why and why did the GUOP cooperate with the 45th regiment?
The first mention in the case of the reasons for this connection dates back to 1993. Then, in the GUOP system, they decided to create SOBR - special squad quick response. It was intended for "the elimination of armed groups, the release of hostages, security activities and other work that only specially trained people can do."
It was decided to train SOBR officers at the bases of the Airborne Forces. Among others, Pavel Popovskikh was also responsible for the plan for their preparation.
And then another plan was born - "joint measures to combat crime."
The ex-head of the Airborne Forces, Vladislav Achalov, said briefly and clearly about this: “The 45th regiment was involved in the fight against terrorism and the mafia, but it was absolutely not intended for this.”
Under the pretext of “joint measures to combat crime,” people from the special detachment of the 45th regiment, including Vladimir Morozov, received those very special coupons for cars and cover documents - passports for other people's names, which the Source told about. This information was confirmed during the investigation.
The paratroopers did not have the right to have such documents.
But these are still flowers.
Yagodki: employees of the special detachment and their "godfather" Pavel Popovskikh "fought the mafia" in a very paradoxical way. b
The 45th regiment is one of the youngest units of the Russian army; it was formed on the basis of the 218th and 901st special-purpose battalions, which celebrated their tenth anniversary this year. In the years" cold war"When the troops were preparing for a "fight to the fullest", using weapons of mass destruction, the army special forces had to solve the corresponding tasks. These units were intended for deep reconnaissance and sabotage (primarily against nuclear facilities) behind enemy lines. And if necessary they could provide landings on enemy territory.Despite the fact that the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces was created after the end of the Cold War, it is quite prepared to solve such problems in the interests of the Airborne Forces.But this is only one side of the coin.
non-lethal weapon
Since the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, our Armed Forces have been continuously involved in various wars and conflicts. So, by the time the formation of the 45th regiment began, the scouts of the Airborne Forces had accumulated a wealth of combat experience. And this experience, together with rethought foreign developments (a lot was borrowed from the British SAS, including the motto "The strongest wins"), was fully implemented when creating a new part. So the main task of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces is to solve any problems in conditions local conflicts. In this sense, the 45th regiment is unique, the only unit in the Russian Armed Forces that has everything necessary for this. In addition to two special-purpose battalions, it includes a detachment of unmanned aerial vehicles, a detachment of psychological operations, and a special detachment, staffed only by officers, ensigns and contract soldiers, designed to solve extremely complex and especially responsible tasks. Including anti-terrorist ones. A sort of "mini-Alpha" for the destruction of terrorists at the facilities of the Ministry of Defense.
The purpose of psychological operations is to disorientate, demoralize the enemy, undermine faith in victory, and force him to end resistance. In addition, the population of the combat area, neutral or hostile, can be the object of psychological operations. Meaning psychological impact on the enemy has been great throughout military history, but especially it has increased in our information age. Especially in "low-intensity" conflicts, where there is no front line, and the definition of people on the basis of "friend or foe" can be very arbitrary. This is well understood, for example, by the Americans, who annually spend several times more on "non-lethal weapons" than on nuclear weapons. And this approach pays off. Take, for example, the actions of US troops in Panama and Haiti, where the forces of psychological operations played a decisive role.
The Russian Armed Forces are seriously lagging behind the West in these matters. All the more valuable is the unit's unique experience psychological struggle, created within the 45th regiment.
In addition to a field printing press and equipment with sound amplification equipment, the psychological operations detachment has a television station capable of broadcasting and rebroadcasting programs within a radius of 10 km. There is a small studio where you can edit and sound a TV program. All equipment is located in GAZ-66 kungs, which ensures high mobility and efficiency of work. Thus, the detachment has serious opportunities to influence public opinion in the war zone.
What can special forces do?
But the core of the 45th regiment is, of course, spetsnaz units. In this sense, the part did not arise from scratch. The 218th and 901st special-purpose battalions brought into it already had considerable experience and brilliant victories behind them. So the fighters of the 218th battalion carried out the operation of "peace enforcement", which, in fact, put an end to the bloody Transnistrian conflict. The 901st battalion was stationed in Sukhumi just before the start of the Georgian-Abkhazian war, and immediately found itself in the very epicenter of the unfolding events. The paratroopers ensured the evacuation of refugees - mainly vacationers caught in the war.
But, fortunately, the special forces have the opportunity to prove themselves not only in such a dramatic environment. For several years in a row, at the international special forces competitions that take place in Bulgaria, the soldiers of the 45th regiment take first place, far leaving behind both the Green Berets and the SAS team.
Forge of universal soldiers
The main contingent of special forces battalions are conscripts. If a few years ago the officers of the regiment had the opportunity to choose the best among the conscripts, today the situation has changed. A quota has been set for the special forces of the Airborne Forces - up to 10% of the recruits sent to the regiment may have a criminal record. The officers of the regiment state that compared to previous years, recruits are less and less consistent with the level required for service in special forces. Until quite recently, almost all recruits had sports ranks, but today there are only a few of them. Previously, almost every third had a higher or secondary technical education. And now a recruit with a completed secondary is already a gift.
But even from such problematic material, the regiment is made into a super-soldier in the full sense of the word. First of all, a rookie passes here a row psychological tests and physical tests to determine his readiness for special forces service. Depending on his personal characteristics, his future military specialty is determined. For example, people who are calm, balanced and psychologically stable, phlegmatic, are the best suited to work as a sniper or a sapper. Some of the recruits are screened out immediately - they end up in support units, or are transferred to other units.
Then the training begins. To say that service in special forces is "not honey" is, in general, almost nothing to say. March throws are replaced by night shooting, flowing into tactical exercises, which end with facade climbing, or, say, sapper training. Not everyone can stand this rhythm either. As a result, after six months, no more than 40% of the “young” remain in spetsnaz companies: someone himself begins to ask for a transfer to another unit, someone is expelled by the commander. The vacancies that have arisen are filled by the best fighters of the airborne divisions. And by the end of the first year of service, the green "newbies" turn out to be competent fighters who are able to perform any task, who are fluent in weapons, means of communication and subversive equipment.
I must say that, despite the huge workload, those who want to get into the 45th are not getting smaller. Firstly, young guys are simply interested here. Secondly, the prestige of service in the special forces of the Airborne Forces is very high. And, thirdly, there is no "hazing" in its classical form. The officers of the regiment are convinced that human dignity and self-respect are necessary qualities commando, due to the specifics of his service, is obliged to take responsibility and show initiative. And the person is broken, psychologically depressed, for intelligence - ballast. And, finally, the very fact of serving in the 45th separate is an excellent recommendation for entering the service in other law enforcement agencies to work in the security service or security structure.
From Chechnya to Sokolniki
The precious combat experience accumulated by the regiment, as is usually the case with us, is almost not in demand. But the command of the regiment decides this issue on its own. Fortunately, the psychological operations detachment has its own printing house - the special forces print their own instructions and training manuals. In addition, a certain training center arose on the basis of the regiment, where not only paratroopers are trained.
Today, when full-scale hostilities in Chechnya have ceased, the role of special forces capable of effectively conducting raids, searches and other reconnaissance activities is increasing many times over. Consequently, the withdrawal of the 45th regiment from Chechnya is not expected in the foreseeable future.
Now the special forces operate as part of a combined detachment stationed in the mountainous part of the republic near the village of Khatuni. This place, where the Vedeno and Sharoargun gorges meet, has a very great importance. Therefore, the responsibility is great, and the range of tasks solved by the combined detachment is wide. In addition to the soldiers of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces, it includes units of the FSB, special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Internal Troops and the Ministry of Justice. All have their own functions within the framework of a common task. Combat coordination begins even in preparation for the planned replacement, on the basis of the 45th regiment. The main emphasis is on special tactical and fire training, as well as on life support issues. The loads are very significant - in three months of training, fighters lose from 5 to 8 kg of weight, despite the fact that they receive enhanced nutrition.
It is known that SOBRs and riot police in the Caucasus very often have to perform tasks that are not characteristic of them. As the experience of the "Khatuninsky" detachment shows, employees of police special forces, after joint training with their fellow paratroopers, successfully operate in emergency, "non-police" situations. In addition, having met and made friends before arriving in Chechnya, having worked out in detail all aspects of the upcoming operations, people act as a single team. Regardless of departmental subordination.
Part of the units of the regiment is stationed in Sokolniki in the barracks of the Preobrazhensky regiment. But not only this circumstance makes the special forces fight for the high honor of being officially called the "Preobrazhensky Regiment".
As you know, the Preobrazhensky Regiment was the first regiment of the regular army of Russia. And the 45th is also, in a sense, the first regiment of the Armed Forces of the future, which has yet to be created. This is both a completely new, comprehensive approach to solving problems, and a completely different attitude towards personnel, not as consumables, but as professionals of great value. It is known that Peter I considered his "amusing" as the backbone of the future Russian army. A separate reconnaissance regiment of the Airborne Forces, like the old Preobrazhensky Regiment, became a forge of experienced special forces officers. Many of those who went through his school today serve in Alpha, Vympel, Omega, and other special forces of the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB, and the FPS. But along with this, officers who have served in the regiment for several years do not want to be transferred to other units, even though career opportunities in the regiment are very limited. Indeed, for many, he is a real family, to break the connection with which they cannot and do not want to.
A special psychological climate has developed in the unit, the leading values of which are absolute professionalism, corporatism, one might even say nepotism in the very good sense this word. This is best seen in the example of those who have retired. Those of them who have managed to get a good job in life have taken on the material support of the warring in Chechnya today. Thanks to their "sponsorship", the special forces are probably best equipped in the group: jackets and trousers made of membrane fabrics, light warm sleeping bags, comfortable waterproof boots, modern optics and night vision devices, communications equipment.
But veterans of the regiment help not only with money. There was also such a case: by the winter of 1999, the time had come to replace the fighters who had been fighting in the Caucasus since the rebel invasion of Dagestan. But there was really no one to change. In the "interwar period" the regiment was reduced by one battalion, and most of the personnel were in Chechnya. The situation is critical: you can’t send just called up and untrained soldiers to war?
Then, retired veterans of the regiment decided to "shake the old days" and help their native regiment. Leaving prestigious, highly paid places, signing semi-annual contracts, and forming their own special group, they went to the Caucasus. The first thing for them was the battle near Zandag, where the "veteran" group occupied an important height and repelled fierce enemy attacks for four hours. Thanks to the veterans, the regiment got the opportunity to be understaffed and qualitatively prepare a replacement.
For all ten years of its existence, the special forces of the Airborne Forces have not come out of wars. Transnistria, Abkhazia, Dagestan, both Chechen campaigns, Bosnia, Kosovo - not one armed conflict can do without the participation of fighters of the 45th separate. During this time, there was everything: the pennant of the Minister of Defense "for courage and military prowess" and five heroes of Russia from among the fighters of the regiment. There were, oddly enough, moments when various accusations were made against the unit.
But, in spite of everything, the regiment was, is and remains a true elite Russian Army. And in the second campaign, the special forces of the Airborne Forces proved to be the best. Dozens of destroyed gangs and discovered bases of militants, hundreds of gun barrels, kilograms of explosives and drugs seized from secret warehouses - all this was included in the track record of the Separate Intelligence. This combat unit now lives and develops solely thanks to the enthusiasm, and even the "quixoticism" of its officers. The result of their labors is a perfectly functioning combat organism, a universal tool for solving the most difficult tasks. A real regiment of the future.
Sergey SMIRNOV
The story continues...
In order to preserve military traditions in September 2005, the regiment was given the Battle Banner, an honorary name and a state award of the disbanded 119th Guards Airborne Order of Alexander Nevsky Regiment. Since that time, the regiment became known as the 45th Separate Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Reconnaissance Regiment.
On February 1, 2008, the 45th Separate Reconnaissance Regiment was reorganized into the 45th Separate Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Special Purpose Regiment.
In August 2008, units of the regiment took part in the operation to force Georgia to peace. The officer of the regiment Hero of Russia Anatoly Lebed was awarded the Order of St. George IV degree for the skill and courage shown in this operation.
On July 20, 2009, in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2006 No. 1422, the St. George banner was awarded to the regiment as an official symbol and military relic, the personification of honor, glory and military traditions.
In April 2010, the battalion tactical group of the 45th regiment carried out a combat mission to ensure the security of citizens of the Russian Federation, including members of the families of military personnel and civilian personnel, on the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic.
For courage and heroism shown in the performance of command assignments, more than two thousand servicemen were awarded state awards. 10 servicemen of the regiment were awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation. These are Lieutenant Colonel Vadim Alekseevich Gridnev, Senior Lieutenant Vitaly Yuryevich Ermakov (posthumous), Captain Zhidkov Dmitry Vasilievich (posthumous), Private Lays Alexander Viktorovich (posthumous), Captain Lebed Anatoly Vyacheslavovich, Lieutenant Colonel Andrey Anatolyevich Nepryakhin, Lieutenant Colonel Vadim Ivanovich Pankov, Colonel Aleksey Viktorovich Romanov , Captain Rumyantsev Alexey Viktorovich (posthumously), Major Yatsenko Pyotr Karlovich (posthumously).
Scouts of the 45th Separate Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Special Purpose Regiment are true to the glorious combat traditions of the Airborne Forces and their motto: "The strongest wins!"
In April 2011, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the 45th Separate Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Special Purpose Regiment Airborne first in the modern history of Russia he was awarded the Order of Kutuzov. The regiment was awarded this high award for the successful fulfillment of combat missions of the command and the courage and heroism shown by the personnel.