Urban planning planning and building with changes. SP42.13330.2011 Urban planning
* Taking into account the use of one lane for parking cars.
Notes
1 The width of streets and roads is determined by calculation depending on the intensity of traffic and pedestrians, the composition of the elements placed within the transverse profile (carriageways, technical lanes for laying underground utilities, sidewalks, green spaces, etc.), taking into account sanitary and hygienic requirements and civil defense requirements. As a rule, the width of streets and roads in the red lines is taken m: main roads - 50-75; main streets - 40-80; streets and roads of local importance - 15-25.
2 In conditions of difficult terrain or reconstruction, as well as in areas with high urban development value of the territory, it is allowed to reduce the design speed for high-speed roads and streets of continuous traffic by 10 km/h with a decrease in the radii of curves in the plan and an increase in longitudinal slopes.
3 For the movement of buses and trolleybuses on main streets and roads in large, large and largest cities an extreme strip 4 m wide should be provided; for the passage of buses during peak hours at a rate of more than 40 units / h, and in conditions of reconstruction - more than 20 units / h, a separate carriageway with a width of 8-12 m is allowed.
On main roads with predominant traffic of trucks, it is allowed to increase the width of the lane up to 4 m.
4 In climatic subregions IA, IB and IG, the greatest longitudinal slopes The carriageway of main streets and roads should be reduced by 10%. In areas with a winter snowfall of more than 600 m / m, within the carriageway of streets and roads, lanes up to 3 m wide should be provided for snow storage.
5 The width of the pedestrian part of sidewalks and paths does not include the area required for kiosks, benches, etc.
6 In climatic subregions IA, IB and IG, in areas with a snow load of more than 200 m / m, the width of sidewalks on main streets should be taken at least 3 m.
7 In the conditions of reconstruction on the streets of local importance, as well as with an estimated pedestrian traffic of less than 50 people per hour in both directions, it is allowed to install sidewalks and paths with a width of 1 m.
8 When sidewalks are directly adjacent to the walls of buildings, retaining walls or fences, their width should be increased by at least 0.5 m.
9 It is allowed to provide for the phased achievement of the design parameters of the main streets and roads, transport intersections, taking into account the specific size of traffic and pedestrians, with the obligatory reservation of the territory and underground space for prospective construction.
10 In small, medium and large cities, as well as in the conditions of reconstruction and in the organization one way traffic transport, it is allowed to use the parameters of the main streets of district significance for the design of main streets of citywide significance.
Brief annotation from the developer
Update and harmonization with Eurocodes
SNiP 2.07.01-89* Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements"
Lead executor - TsNIIP urban planning RAASN
The purpose of updating SNiP 2.07.01-89* is to bring the obsolete provisions of SNiP into line with modern conditions, the market nature of relations between subjects of urban planning activities, with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, including the "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation" (CC RF), as well as the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation". Urban planning standards are aimed at improving the quality of the urban environment, saving material and energy resources, providing social guarantees for the population, including accessibility of the environment for people with limited mobility and people with disabilities.
Changes made by SNiP
New sections have been introduced: 1. "Scope"; 2. "Definitions"; 3. "Normative references".
Section 4. "The concept of development and general organization territories of urban and rural settlements"
The section has been corrected taking into account the new approach to urban planning zoning given in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The concepts and requirements for the formation of suburban areas and green areas of cities are excluded due to the absence of these concepts in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Otherwise, the normative document would be contrary to the current federal law.
Section 5. "Residential areas"
The section has been radically redesigned, starting with the title. The term "residential area" is excluded from the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. A new concept of "residential area" has been introduced. Given the significant social stratification of the population, when determining the volumes and types of residential development, it is proposed to take into account the current and predicted socio-demographic situation in the region and separate city. Taking into account the actual emerging economic opportunities of the population, types of dwellings of different comfort are offered for the first stage of construction and the settlement period.
Recommended design standards: for social housing - 20 m 2 / person, for the middle strata of the population - 30 m 2 / person, for the rich strata of the population - 40 m 2 / person, for the very rich - 60 m 2 / person. and higher. The given average indicators may differ by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as by municipalities, and the refined indicators should be used in the calculations, taking into account the real stratification of society. These issues can be the subject of the development of regional urban planning standards, and the average indicators at the federal level can be considered as certain guidelines.
The choice of types of residential development should also be made taking into account social needs and the solvency of different social strata of the population, demography and family composition, and be determined in regional urban planning standards.
The choice of types of housing development is determined by the availability and quality of territorial resources for the development of settlements, local building materials, purchasing power and social needs of various population groups. Cheap social housing should be high-rise and dense, while housing intended for others social groups population, should be predominantly low-rise, especially in small urban settlements.
Clarifications have been made on specific indicators and the type of “elite” housing has been excluded.
Table 2. The structure of the housing stock, differentiated by the level of comfort
Type of residential building and apartment by level of comfort | The norm of the area of a residential building and an apartment per person, sq. m | The formula for settling a residential building and an apartment | Share in total housing construction, % |
Prestigious (Business Class) |
40 |
k= n + 2 |
10/15 |
Mass (Economy class) |
30 |
k = n + 1 |
25/50 |
Social (public housing) |
20 |
k = n - 1 |
60/30 |
Specialized | - |
k = n - 2 k = n - 1 |
7/5 |
Notes: 1. The total number of living rooms in an apartment or house (k) and the number of people living (n). 2. Specialized types of housing - hotel-type houses, specialized residential complexes. 3. In the numerator - in the first place, in the denominator - for the estimated period. 4. These normative indicators are not the basis for establishing the norm of real settlement. |
Section 6. "Public and business zones"(new)
The section contains requirements for the formation of public and business zones in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation.
Section 7. "Parameters for the development of residential, public and business zones"(new)
In this section, the usual specific norms of the territory for 1 person. (the area of the green area of the microdistrict, the sizes of sites for various functional purposes) are replaced by the percentage of the area of these territories from the total area of the microdistrict (quarter). This is due to the fact that in the conditions of differentiation of the housing provision per 1 person, taking into account the stratification of the population by income levels, and, accordingly, the types of residential development, the actual number of the living population will constantly change. Therefore, the percentage of undeveloped territories as a minimum indicator will guarantee the preservation of the required number of green areas in the residential area in the process of so-called additional compaction (“piece” placement of residential buildings in the existing development.)
This approach is also associated with the new concept of building density regulation, given in Appendix 4. For the first time, density standards " no more". The given density indicators are coordinated with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the maximum normative population density of the microdistrict of 450 people / ha (SNiP 2.07.01-89 *) is maintained with an estimated housing supply of 20 m 2 / person.
Section 8. "Production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructure"
This section has been brought in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation in terms of title and content, and the current sanitary norms and rules have also been taken into account.
Section 9. "Zones of recreational purposes, zones of specially protected territories"
The composition of recreational areas is given in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. In our opinion, the exclusion of the concepts of “suburban zone” and especially “green zone of the city” from the Urban Planning Code is erroneous and may lead to serious consequences in the future.
Section 10. "Institutions and service enterprises"
Introduced new calculated indicators for placement general education schools, including those located in rural areas. Appendix 7 includes a more expanded list of medical and social institutions
services aimed at persons of the older age group (LSVG) and the disabled, an attempt was made for the first time to introduce norms for the placement of places of worship (temples). More detailed regulations should be developed at the regional and local levels in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Section 11. "Transport and road network"
The level of motorization has been increased to 350 vehicles per 1,000 people. For individual regions, these standards should be specified in regional regulations.
For largest cities(more than 1 million people), an important task is the introduction of off-street types of light-weight high-speed transport (such as "light metro").
The principle of calculation of places for storing vehicles has been changed. New calculated indicators have been introduced for the placement of vehicle storage places - in residential areas it is recommended to calculate the number of parking spaces depending on the category of housing stock, determining the required number by the number of apartments. A mandatory minimum of places for underground storage of vehicles has been introduced for large and major cities. The maximum distances of pedestrian approaches from parking lots for temporary storage of cars have been determined. land plots residential buildings.
Section 12. "Engineering Equipment"
A new subsection "Rain sewerage" has been introduced. This problem is relevant for many cities, especially those prone to periodic flooding and flooding (the cities of Primorsky Krai, etc.).
In general, the current standards correspond to the solution of modern problems.
The main direction in improving the engineering infrastructure is to ensure the integrated development of the entire industry and the introduction of new technologies. The rates of accumulation of household waste have been increased.
Section 14. "Protection environment, historical and cultural monuments s"
The correction of the section mainly concerns bringing the terminology in line with legislative and regulatory documents, including the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Territories”, the Federal Law “On Objects cultural heritage(monuments of history and culture) of peoples Russian Federation". A number of amendments were made at the suggestion of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation, the Ministry natural resources RF.
Section 15. "Fire requirements"(new)
Before sending an electronic application to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, please read the rules of operation of this interactive service set out below.
1. Electronic applications in the field of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia filled in in accordance with the attached form are accepted for consideration.
2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.
3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry provides an objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Consideration of electronic appeals is free of charge.
4. In accordance with the Federal Law of May 2, 2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering applications from citizens of the Russian Federation", electronic applications are registered within three days and sent depending on the content in structural units Ministries. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues, the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the appropriate body or the appropriate official, whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.
5. An electronic appeal is not considered when:
- the absence of the name and surname of the applicant;
- indication of an incomplete or inaccurate postal address;
- the presence of obscene or offensive expressions in the text;
- the presence in the text of a threat to the life, health and property of an official, as well as members of his family;
- use when typing a non-Cyrillic keyboard layout or only capital letters;
- the absence of punctuation marks in the text, the presence of incomprehensible abbreviations;
- the presence in the text of a question to which the applicant has already received a written answer on the merits in connection with previously sent appeals.
6. The response to the applicant of the appeal is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.
7. When considering an appeal, it is not allowed to disclose the information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to privacy citizen without his consent. Information about the personal data of applicants is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements of Russian legislation on personal data.
8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and submitted to the leadership of the Ministry for information. The answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections "for residents" and "for specialists"
SP 30-102-99
CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES OF LOW-RISE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
PLANING AND OCCUPATION OF TERRITORIES OF LITTLE-STOREY HOUSE-BUILDINGS
Introduction date 2000-01-01
FOREWORD
1 DEVELOPED BY TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy
2 REVIEWED AND APPROVED by the Department of Urban Development, Infrastructure and Territorial Development State Committee of the Russian Federation on construction and housing and communal services (minutes N 01-NS-15/8 dated August 17, 1999 of the joint meeting of the sections "Urban planning" and "Architecture" of the NTS of the Gosstroy of Russia and the Expert Council of the Glavgosexpertiza of Russia)
3 ADOPTED by the Gosstroy of Russia (Decree No. 94 of December 30, 1999)
4 PUT INTO EFFECT (order of TsNIIEPgrazhdanstroy of November 24, 1999, N 80 T) from January 1, 2000
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
1 AREA OF USE
1 AREA OF USE
1.1 This regulatory document of the system establishes the requirements for the development of low-rise housing construction areas, both as part and as an independent planning structure of urban, rural and other settlements, developed in accordance with current standards and approved master plans for settlements.
2 REGULATORY REFERENCES
2.1 References to the following regulatory documents are used:
SNiP 2.01.01-82. Building climatology and geophysics
SNiP 2.01.15-90. Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from dangerous geological processes. Basic design provisions
SNiP 2.07.01-89*. Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements
SNiP 2.08.01-89*. residential buildings
SNiP 2.08.02-89*. Public buildings and structures
SNiP 2.04.01-85*. Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings
SNiP 2.04.02-84*. Water supply. Outdoor networks and facilities
SNiP 2.04.03-85. Sewerage. Outdoor networks and facilities
SNiP 2.04.05-91*. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
SNiP 2.04.07-86*. Heating network
SNiP 2.04.08-87*. Gas supply
SNiP 2.05.13-90. Oil product pipelines laid in the territory of cities and other settlements
SNiP II-12-77. Noise protection
SNiP II-3-79*. Construction heat engineering
SNiP 10-01-94. System normative documents in construction. Key points
SNiP 3.05.04-85*. External networks and water supply and sewerage facilities
SNiP 21-01-97*. Fire safety of buildings and structures
SNiP 23-05-95. Natural and artificial lighting
SNiP 30-02-97. Planning and development of territories of horticultural associations of citizens, buildings and structures
SP 11-102-97. Engineering and environmental surveys for construction
SP 11-103-97. Engineering and hydrometeorological surveys for construction
SP 11-106-97. Development, approval, approval and composition of design and planning documentation for the development of territories of horticultural associations of citizens
VSN 59-88. Electrical equipment of residential and public buildings. Design standards
VSN 62-91*. Designing the living environment taking into account the needs of people with disabilities and people with limited mobility
PUE. Rules for the installation of electrical installations
RDS 30-201-98. Instructions on the procedure for designing and establishing red lines in cities and other settlements of the Russian Federation
RD 34.20.185-94. Instructions for designing urban electrical networks
RD 34.21.122-87. Instructions for the installation of lightning protection of buildings and structures
SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95. Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water pipelines for household and drinking purposes
SanPiN 1.6.574-96*. Hygienic requirements for protection atmospheric air populated areas
________________
* The document is not valid. SanPiN 2.1.6.1032-01 is in force. - Database manufacturer's note.
SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.567-96. Sanitary protection zones and sanitary classification of enterprises, structures and other objects
3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
3.1 In this Code of Practice, terms are used in accordance with Appendix B.
4 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES OF LOW-RISE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 The urban planning characteristics of the territories of low-rise housing construction (the size, the number of storeys of the building, the size of the apartment plot, etc.) should be determined by the location of the territory in the planning and functional structure of urban, rural and other settlements, the types of which are determined by Article 5 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. The exception is the settlements mentioned in paragraph 4 of Article 6 of the Code, which require special regulation of urban development, primarily in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
4.1.2 When solving the master plan for low-rise buildings, according to natural indicators, the following territories should be distinguished:
favorable for development;
requiring engineering protective measures in accordance with the instructions of SNiP 2.07.01, SNiP 2.01.15;
unacceptable for construction.
4.1.3 The territories of low-rise housing construction should be classified in accordance with Table 1.
4.1.4 When placing and planning organization of the territory of low-rise housing construction, the requirements for:
environmental protection;
protection of the territory from noise and exhaust gases of transport highways, electrical and electromagnetic radiation from radon released from the earth.
4.1.5 Complex measures for the protection of nature and the improvement of the environment from harmful effects associated with economic and other activities, should be provided in accordance with the regulations governing environmental activities.
4.1.6 Insolation of territories and premises of low-rise buildings should provide a continuous 3-hour duration in the spring-summer period or a total 3.5-hour duration.
In mixed buildings or when placing low-rise buildings in difficult urban conditions, it is allowed to reduce the normalized insolation to 2.5 hours.
The required normative duration of insolation must be substantiated by the calculation by the licensed organization at the stage of the development project and the detailed design.
4.1.7 Waste disposal of low-rise residential areas, as a rule, should be carried out by removing household waste from sites with containers, the distance from which to the boundaries of residential buildings, child care facilities, green areas should be set at least 50, but not more than 100 m.
4.1.8 To ensure fire extinguishing of individual buildings in the territories of low-rise housing construction, hydrants should be provided.
Water consumption for fire extinguishing for the calculation of street ring networks and distribution lines should be taken according to tables 5, 6 of SNiP 2.04.02.
4.1.9 If it is impossible or inappropriate to provide fire extinguishing of individual buildings from hydrants, it is allowed to provide it from tanks or reservoirs in accordance with note 1 to clause 2.11 of SNiP 2.04.02.
4.1.10 The minimum fire distances between buildings (as well as between the outer buildings and groups of buildings in the apartment plots) are taken according to Table 1, Appendix 1 of SNiP 2.07.01.
4.2 ROAD NETWORK
4.2.1 The street and road network of low-rise housing construction areas should be formed in conjunction with the system of streets and roads provided for master plan settlements.
4.2.2 When designing and organizing the street and road network of low-rise residential areas, it is necessary to take into account:
the location of the territories in the structure of the settlement;
type of territory, according to the classification given in Table 1;
type of residential building (houses);
the size and configuration of territories.
Table 1 - Classification of territories of low-rise residential buildings with houses with adjacent plots
4.2.3 The planning solution for low-rise residential development should ensure the passage of vehicles to all buildings and structures, including houses located in the apartment plots.
4.2.4 The number of traffic lanes on residential streets and driveways should be taken:
for residential streets - at least 2 lanes;
for driveways - 1 lane.
The width of the lanes should be taken as 3.5 m.
4.2.5 On driveways, passing platforms should be provided with a length of at least 15 m and a width of at least 7 m, including the width of the carriageway.
The distance between sidings, as well as between sidings and intersections should be no more than 200 m.
The maximum length of a dead-end passage, according to the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01, should not exceed 150 m. Dead-end passages are provided with turnaround areas of at least 12x12 m.
4.2.6 On the territory of low-rise residential buildings, as a rule, 100% provision with parking spaces for storing and parking cars and other vehicles should be provided.
4.2.7 On the territory with development of residential buildings with adjacent plots (one-two-apartment and multi-apartment blocked), parking lots should be placed within the allotted area.
4.2.8 Parking garages serving apartment buildings of various planning structures located in public areas should be taken in accordance with Table 10 * SNiP 2.07.01.
4.3 UTILITY NETWORKS AND FACILITIES
4.3.1 The choice of design engineering solutions should be made in accordance with the technical specifications for the engineering support of the territory issued by the relevant authorities responsible for the operation of local engineering networks.
4.3.2 Heating and gas networks, water supply and sewerage pipelines, as a rule, should be laid outside the carriageway of roads in order to exclude possible gaps in the carriageway area. In some cases, their laying on the territory of apartment plots is allowed with the consent of their owners. Laying of gas networks high pressure on the territory of low-rise buildings is not allowed.
4.3.3 Heat and gas supply of low-rise residential buildings may be provided both decentralized - from autonomous generators for apartments, and centralized - from existing or newly designed boiler houses (GRP), with appropriate utilities.
Distances from hydraulic fracturing to residential development should be taken in accordance with clause 5.3 of SNiP 2.04.08.
4.3.4 Water supply for low-rise buildings should be made from centralized systems for apartment buildings in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02 and it is allowed to arrange autonomously - for one-two-apartment houses from shaft and small-tube wells, cappings, springs in accordance with the project.
4.3.5 Entering the water supply into one-two-family houses is allowed if there is a connection to a centralized sewerage system or if there is a local sewerage system.
4.3.6 It is allowed to provide for the installation of local treatment facilities for one-two-apartment residential buildings with a wastewater flow rate of not more than 3 m / day.
4.3.7 Water consumption for irrigation of apartment plots of low-rise buildings should be taken up to 10 l/m per day; at the same time, meters should be installed on water intake devices.
4.3.8. The power supply of low-rise buildings should be designed in accordance with the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules) and RD 34.20.185.
4.3.9. The power of TP transformers for power supply of low-rise buildings should be taken according to the calculation.
4.3.10 The 0.38 kV network should be carried out by air (VL) or cable (CL) lines, as a rule, in an open branched circuit or a loop circuit in open mode with single-transformer transformer substations.
4.3.11 The routes of overhead lines and cable lines of 0.38 kV should pass outside the apartment plots, be accessible for access to the supports of overhead lines of service vehicles and allow unhindered excavation of cable lines.
The required breaks should be taken in accordance with the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules).
4.3.12 Branches from the 0.38 kV line to the building can be performed:
from overhead lines - insulated wires, self-supporting wires, cable on a cable, cable in the ground;
from cable lines laid in the ground by installing a cable junction box outside the apartment plots.
4.3.13 The input-distribution board (VRShch) must be installed inside a multi-apartment residential building in accordance with Chapter 7.1 of the PUE. It is allowed, in agreement with the power supply organization, to install a VRShch on the territory of the apartment plot in the appropriate climatic and vandal-proof design.
When installing an input shield in a building (outside or inside), on the outer part of the wall at the input at a height of 2.5 m, a disconnecting device should be installed in a sealed box, access to which should only be provided by the power supply organization.
4.3.14 In the territories of low-rise buildings, the following should be provided: telephone communication, three-program radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, centralized fire and security alarm systems, and an automated dispatch control system.
4.4 ENGINEERING PREPARATION AND TERRITORIAL PROTECTION
4.4.1 Measures for engineering preparation and protection of territories should be determined by the general plan and related to natural conditions, and should also be regulated by the choice of planning, design and engineering solutions for development.
4.4.2 To eliminate or reduce the technogenic impact of low-rise buildings on natural conditions precautions need to be taken:
maximum preservation of the natural relief with the provision of a surface water drainage system;
the minimum density of the network of underground engineering networks and their uniform distribution over the area.
4.4.3 Areas where low-rise housing construction is not allowed include zones of active manifestation of geological processes (landslides, screes, karsts, avalanches, mudflows, etc.).
5 RESIDENTIAL FORMATIONS
5.1 GENERAL
5.1.1 Low-rise residential development is accepted as building with houses up to 3 floors inclusive.
5.1.2 Residential formations of territories of low-rise housing construction should, as a rule, consist of single-family and block residential buildings (with adjacent plots).
It is allowed to use sectional type houses and others (up to 4 floors high) with urban planning regulation in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01.
5.2 TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
5.2.1 In individual construction, the main type of house is single-family. In addition to single-family houses, block houses are used, including two-family houses, with adjacent plots for each apartment.
5.2.2 The main types of housing for municipal construction should be houses of multi-apartment block, sectional type with adjacent plots or courtyards in front of some of the apartments.
5.2.3 According to the level of residence, the designed dwelling should be divided into two main categories:
social housing for municipal construction with standardized upper limits of apartment areas (according to SNiP 2.08.01);
dwelling for individual construction with standardized lower limits of apartment areas.
Types of apartments and their areas are presented in Appendix A.
5.2.4 In urban, suburban and rural settlements for families engaged in self-employment, residential buildings with a place of application of labor (doctor's house, craftsman's house, house of a seller of everyday goods, farmer's house, etc.) should be used.
The design of houses with locksmith, repair, blacksmith shops and similar premises is allowed subject to the necessary hygienic, environmental, fire and sanitary requirements, with the approval of the relevant state supervision services.
5.2.5 The needs of the population in housing should be met not only through new construction, but also through the modernization and reconstruction of low-rise residential buildings that have retained their material value (see Table 1, footnotes).
5.3 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF APARTMENT PLOTS
5.3.1 The maximum size of land plots for estates, one-two-apartment and multi-apartment blocked residential buildings are established by local governments in accordance with territorial building codes, depending on the type of house and other local features.
The boundaries, areas and mode of use of land plots in multi-apartment residential buildings are determined by urban planning documentation, taking into account the legislation of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The minimum areas of adjacent plots for different types of residential buildings are given in Table 1.
5.3.2 Manor, one-two-family house must be at least 5 m from the red line of streets, at least 3 m from the red line of driveways. The distance from outbuildings to the red lines of streets and driveways must be at least 5 m .
5.3.3 In rural settlements and in the territories of low-rise buildings of cities and suburban settlements (where livestock is allowed), it is allowed to provide outbuildings for keeping livestock and poultry, storing fodder, inventory, fuel and other household needs, baths, and also - economic entrances and cattle passes. The composition and area of outbuildings and buildings for individual labor activity are accepted in accordance with regional specifics and the design assignment.
5.3.4 To the border of the neighboring apartment plot, the distances according to sanitary conditions must be at least: from the estate, one-two-apartment and block house - 3 m, taking into account the requirements of clause 4.1.5 of this Code of Rules; from the building for keeping livestock and poultry - 4 m; from other buildings (baths, garages, etc.) - 1 m; from the trunks of tall trees - 4 m; medium-sized - 2 m; from the bush - 1 m.
5.3.5 Buildings for keeping livestock and poultry are allowed to be attached only to manor one-two-apartment houses when they are isolated from living rooms by at least three utility rooms; at the same time, premises for livestock and poultry must have an isolated external entrance located no closer than 7 m from the entrance to the house.
5.3.6 When arranging garages (including attached ones) in the basement, basement floors of one-two-story manor, one-apartment and block houses (in manor houses, one-two-apartment houses and on the first floor), it is allowed to design them without complying with the standards for the design of service enterprises cars.
5.3.7 In rural settlements and in the territories of low-rise suburban areas for residents of multi-apartment buildings, outbuildings for livestock and poultry can be allocated outside residential areas. For multi-apartment buildings, it is allowed to install built-in or free-standing collective storage facilities for agricultural products, the area of which is determined by the design assignment.
5.3.8 In territories with development of manor houses, one-two-family houses, the distance from the windows of living rooms to the walls of the neighboring house and outbuildings (shed, garage, bathhouse) located on neighboring land plots must be at least 6 m.
6 INSTITUTIONS AND SERVICE ENTERPRISES
6.1 GENERAL
6.1.1 Institutions and public service enterprises in low-rise areas in urban, suburban and rural settlements should be located taking into account the type of settlement, the number of people served and the general urban situation, including the proximity of other service facilities and the organization of transport links, providing, as a rule, for the formation community centres, linked to a network of streets, roads and footpaths.
For disabled people, it is necessary to provide the possibility of access, including in wheelchairs, to public buildings and structures, taking into account the requirements of VSN 62-91.
6.2 ORGANIZATION OF SERVICE IN TERRITORIES OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IN VARIOUS TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS
6.2.1 In accordance with the classification of territories (see Table 1), low-rise construction is located in the form of separate residential formations in the structure of cities - from large to largest, as well as in residential formations of small, medium and big cities, suburban and rural settlements, which determines the differences in the organization of services for their population.
In cities and suburban settlements, the list of institutions for daily maintenance of low-rise residential areas, as a rule, should include the following facilities: preschool institutions, secondary schools, a sports and leisure complex, outpatient clinics, pharmacy kiosks, commercial and household facilities, a post office, a branch of a savings bank, a strong point of law enforcement, a center of administrative self-government, as well as playgrounds (sports, recreation, outreach services, children's games). At the same time, in the conditions of a suburban zone, it is necessary to take into account the seasonal expansion of stationary facilities.
In rural areas, provision should be made for the division of institutions and service enterprises into essential facilities in each settlement, starting from 50 inhabitants, and basic facilities over high level on a group of settlements located in the center of local self-government (rural district, volost, etc.). In addition to fixed buildings, it is necessary to use mobile facilities and seasonal structures.
6.2.2 When calculating the number and capacity of institutions and service establishments and their location, one should proceed from the need to meet the needs of various socio-demographic groups of the population.
In cities and suburban settlements, for approximate calculations of the number and capacity of institutions and enterprises servicing low-rise areas and their sites, it is allowed to take the indicators given in Appendix B. In rural areas, for approximate calculations of the capacity of objects and the size of their plots, it is allowed to take the indicators of Appendix 7 of SNiP 2.07. 01 .
6.2.3 Placement of institutions and service enterprises in the territories of low-rise residential buildings should be carried out:
a) in cities and suburban settlements - taking into account the radius of accessibility no more than those indicated in Table 2.
Table 2 - Walking distances for service facilities
Institutions and public service enterprises | Radii |
Preschool | |
Comprehensive schools: | |
For primary school | |
Premises for physical culture and recreation and leisure activities | |
Outpatient clinics | |
Pharmacies | |
Enterprises of commercial and consumer services for everyday use | |
Post offices and Savings Bank, a strong point of law enforcement | |
Center for Administrative Self-Government |
When placing service facilities, it is necessary to take into account the existing institutions and enterprises in neighboring territories, subject to regulatory accessibility radii (except preschool institutions And primary schools, the approach paths to which should not cross the carriageway);
b) in rural areas, the provision of essential services to residents of each settlement should be carried out within walking distance of no more than 30 minutes (2-2.5 km); at the same time, the placement of institutions of a higher level of service, including periodic ones, must be provided within the boundaries of municipalities with pedestrian and transport accessibility of no more than 60 minutes.
Regional restrictions on the radius of service, the availability of medical institutions in rural areas and the requirements for the safety of movement of primary school students are accepted according to clause 5.4 of SNiP 2.07.01.
6.2.4 Distances from buildings and boundaries of land plots in terms of preschool institutions and secondary schools should be taken according to clause 5.5 of SNiP 2.07.01.
6.3 LAYOUT AND DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY CENTERS
6.3.1 Community Center the territory of low-rise housing construction is intended to accommodate mainly cultural facilities, commercial and consumer services, administrative, sports, recreational and leisure buildings and structures.
The list of development objects in the center may include multi-apartment residential buildings with service facilities.
In the community center, a system of interconnected spaces-platforms (for recreation, sports, reception of offsite services) and pedestrian paths should be formed.
Within the limits of the public center, general parking of vehicles should be provided at the rate of: for 100 one-time visitors - 7-10 parking spaces and 15-20 bicycles and mopeds.
6.3.2 In small towns and suburban settlements on the territories of low-rise residential development, the use of small enterprises is allowed, the location of which is agreed with the state supervision authorities. It is allowed to place small enterprises in rural settlements, including those combining service and production of services that do not require the construction of sanitary protection zones larger than 50 m.
6.3.3 The development of the public center of the territory of low-rise construction can be formed both by stand-alone buildings and by institutions and enterprises that together form multifunctional public service complexes thanks to the methods of cooperation and blocking, as well as by objects that are part of the structure of a residential building.
The design of public buildings and structures should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02.
6.3.4 Compared to stand-alone public buildings, the calculated indicators of the site area for buildings should be reduced: attached by 25%, built-in-attached - up to 50% (with the exception of preschool institutions).
6.3.5 For the organization of services in the territories of low-rise housing construction, it is allowed to place institutions and enterprises using an individual form of activity - kindergarten, a shop, a cafe, a sports and recreational and leisure complex, a hairdresser, a photo studio, etc., built into low-rise residential buildings, with accommodation mainly on the 1st and basement floors. At the same time, the total area of built-in institutions should not exceed 150 m. The mentioned institutions and enterprises may have a central importance and be located in the central part of a settlement or residential formation. When arranging built-in workshops for car repair and rental, repair household appliances, as well as the premises of ritual services, such objects should be placed on the outskirts of the settlement. The device of built-in enterprises that are harmful to the health of the population (X-ray installations, building materials stores, chemical and chemical stores, etc.) is not allowed in low-rise buildings.
Built-in public institutions should have entrances isolated from the residential part of the building. The site of the built-in institution should be subdivided into residential and public parts with accommodation in the last zone for visitors and the utility yard. Before entering the building, it is necessary to provide parking for vehicles.
6.3.6 The needs of the population for services should be met through both new construction and reconstruction of the existing fund, especially in rural areas and in suburban settlements.
Type of construction | Number of rooms (types of apartments) |
|||||||||||||||
Size of apartments (small, large) |
||||||||||||||||
A Municipal construction - the upper limits of the area of apartments, m (SNiP 2.08.01), - 18 m / person: | ||||||||||||||||
city, village | ||||||||||||||||
B Individual construction - the lower limits of the area of apartments, m, - 18 m / person. | ||||||||||||||||
Notes |
APPENDIX B (recommended). LIST AND INDICATIVE CALCULATED INDICATORS OF SECURITY OF SERVICE FACILITIES AND SIZES OF THEIR PLOTS ON TERRITORIES OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IN CITIES AND SUBURBAN SETTLEMENTS
Institutions and service enterprises | Indicators | Land plot sizes |
Preschool institutions, % coverage | Depending on the demographic structure, coverage within 50% | Not less than 35 m for 1 place |
General education schools, % enrollment | Depending on the demographic structure, coverage of 100% of students in the basic school (I and II levels), 50% of students high school(III stage) | Not less than 16 m for 1 place |
Sports and leisure complex, m total. area per 1000 people | 0.2-0.5 ha per site |
|
Outpatient clinics: | ||
clinics, visiting per shift per 1000 people. | 0.5 ha per facility |
|
dispensaries, m total. area per 1000 people | 0.2 ha per facility |
|
Pharmacy kiosks, m total. area per 1000 people | 0.05 ha per facility or built |
|
Enterprises of daily trade, m bargaining. area per 1000 people: | ||
Groceries | ||
non-food stores | per object |
|
Public service enterprises, worker. places per 1000 people | 0.15 ha per facility |
|
post office, facility | 0.1-0.15 ha |
|
Branch of the Savings Bank, m total. area per 1000 people | ||
Stronghold of law enforcement, object | ||
Center of Administrative Self-Government, object | ||
Notes 1 Schools are located: secondary and basic - starting with a population of 2 thousand people, primary - from 500 people. |
APPENDIX B (mandatory). TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
APPENDIX B
(Required)
Basic objects- institutions and enterprises that organize and provide periodic maintenance of a group of settlements within the boundaries of the territory of local self-government.
Blocked residential building- a house consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to its own plot of land.
Built-in, built-in and attached institutions and enterprises- institutions and enterprises that are part of the structure of a residential building or other facility.
residential education- functional planning formation in the form of: a settlement (village) of low-rise buildings, a complex of low-rise buildings, a group of plots of low-rise buildings.
Individual housing construction- a form of providing citizens with housing by building houses on the right of personal property, carried out with the direct participation of citizens or at their expense.
Individual developers (individuals)- citizens who received in due course a land plot for the construction of a residential building with outbuildings for personal subsidiary farming and carrying out this construction either on their own or with the involvement of other persons or construction organizations.
Low-rise residential development- residential development up to 4 floors inclusive, providing, as a rule, a direct connection of apartments with a land plot.
microcenters- objects that unite institutions and enterprises of prime necessity and minimum capacity for servicing small settlements.
Public service- providing residents with the necessary services; in the territories of low-rise residential buildings, as a rule, daily services are organized, providing residents with essential services, and in some cases, periodic services, providing services of weekly and rarer demand.
Community Center- territory for the primary placement of service facilities and the implementation of various public processes(communication, recreation, trade, etc.). The public center has the boundaries and regime of the target functional purpose, established by the urban planning documentation.
Single-family residential building- a residential building intended for the residence of one family and having an adjacent plot.
Apartment plot- land adjacent to the apartment (house), with direct access to it.
social infrastructure- a complex of service facilities and interconnections between them, ground and remote, within the urban formation (territories, settlements, groups of settlements, etc.).
Territory of low-rise housing construction- part of the residential area of the settlement or the settlement as a whole. Designed to accommodate low-rise residential buildings, facilities social infrastructure, engineering and transport communications.
Manor house- single-family, a house with an adjacent plot, buildings, for a subsidiary plot.
Electronic text of the document
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M.: Gosstroy of Russia, GUP TsPP, 2000
SP 42.13330.2011 URBAN PLANNING. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS. Designed by the team of authors: topic leader - P.N. Davidenko, Ph.D. architect, corr. RAASN; L.Ya. Herzberg, Dr. tech. Sciences, Corr. RAASN; B.V. Cherepanov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, Advisor to RAASN; N.S. Krasnoshchekova, Ph.D. Agricultural Sciences, Advisor to RAASN; N.B. Voronin; G.N. Voronova, adviser to the RAASN; V.A. Gutnikov, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, Advisor to RAASN; E.V. Sarnatsky, corresponding member RAASN; Z.K. Petrova, Ph.D. architect; S.K. Regame, O.S. Semenova, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, Advisor to RAASN; S.B. Chistyakova, Academician of the RAASN; with the participation of JSC "Institute of Public Buildings": A.M. Bazilevich, Ph.D. architect; A.M. Garnets, Ph.D. architect; GIPRONIZDRAV: L.F. Sidorkova, Ph.D. architect, M.V. Tolmacheva; JSC "Giprogor": A.S. Krivov, Ph.D. architect; K.M. Schneider.
About the set of rules
- PERFORMERS: TsNIIP urban planning, JSC "Institute of Public Buildings", GIPRONIZDRAV, JSC "Giprogor".
- INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization (TK 465) "Construction".
- PREPARED for approval by the Department of Architecture, Construction and Urban Policy.
- APPROVED by Order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Regional Development of Russia) dated December 28, 2010 No. 820 and entered into force on May 20, 2011.
- REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 42.13330.2010.
Download white paper for review: SP 42.13330.2011 URBAN PLANNING. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS” (Updated edition of December 28, 2010).
SP 42.13330.2011 URBAN PLANNING. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS "is a set of rules that has been drawn up in order to increase the level of safety of people in buildings and structures and the safety material assets when carrying out, in accordance with the Federal Law of December 30, 2009 No. 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", the requirements of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 No. 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”.