Urban-type settlement definition. Urban-type settlements in Russia: network transformation and population characteristics
Kavalerovo, -a, -om, in Kavalerovo (town, Primorsk. kr., RF) According to what rule is the neuter gender of a proper name declined in this case? It looks very much like a typo.
Question #291846 | ||
Hello! How to write correctly (urban-type settlement in abbreviated form) - ZABAIKALSKY REGION, PGT. ZABAYKALSK or ZABAYKALSK REGION, town. ZABAYKALSK?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
In reference books of recommendations on writing abbreviations in case the entire text is typed capital letters, No. Both options are possible - both lowercase and uppercase. Please note: abbreviations without dots and with three dots are normative - town and p.g.t.
Question #268455 | ||
Good afternoon!The question of writing two cities has long been of interest. Ufa, the capital of Bashkiria, everyone knows this city. The adjective that answers the question "what" is Ufa. And in neighboring Udmurtia there is a city or urban settlement Uva. And the adjective answering exactly the same question is Uva. Why is the letter "m" in one case, and "n" in the other?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Adjective Ufa unique. In other adjectives formed from similar geographical names, the consonant H is used: Aragvin, Tuvan, Uvin.
Question #267497 | ||
Hello!
What's right in the text scientific style to incline the whole phrase "urban-type settlement Kaduy" (rgt Kadui): in the town of Kadui or in the town of Kadui?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Correctly decline: in the village of Kaduy.
Question #261380 | ||
Is it necessary to put a full stop after the urban-type settlement (urban-type settlement). for example, town? Ivanovka
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Dot not needed: Ivanovka. An abbreviation is also possible: p.g.t.
Question #252507 | ||
Which is correct: urban-type settlement (urban-type settlement) or urban-type settlement? rp (working settlement) or r.p.?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Regulatory abbreviations town and p. g. t., r. P. and slave. settlement
Question #243694 | ||
Hello!Please tell me how to write correctly: in the city of Vladivostok or in the city of Vladivostok? and also: in Vladivostok or in Vladivostok? Besides: in the village of Mikhailovka or in the village of Mikhailovka? In the village of Chkalovskoye or in the village of Chkalovsky?
In other words, is there a single rule about whether the name of a settlement is inflected, and if there is no general rule, then how to write in each specific case? Does the correct spelling depend on the gender of a proper name? Does the norm change if instead of the words "city", "village", "urban-type settlement", etc., we write abbreviations - city, village, town?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Question #226468 | ||
Good afternoon! How to abbreviate "urban-type settlement" - p.g.t. or town?
The answer of the reference service of the Russian language
Both options are correct.
ü urban settlements (Krasnoselsky, Shumilino, Ostrovets, Radashkovichi, Krasnopole, Mikashevichi, Lelchitsy).
An urban settlement is a settlement where more than 3 thousand people live, industrial and other enterprises, social and cultural facilities are located.
ü Resort villages (Only 1 - Naroch).
A resort village is a settlement with at least 2000 inhabitants and sanatoriums, rest houses, boarding houses, and enterprises.
ü Workers' settlements (Yelizovo, there is a glass factory).
Worker's settlement – is a locality with a population of at least 500 people and located at large enterprises, construction sites, power plants, etc.
We have a new concept: agro-towns.
Test (for admission to graduate school):
Agrotown is:
1) city
2) urban-type settlement
Rural settlement
Rural settlements
Unlike cities, urban-type settlements, rural settlements never have the status of an administrative-territorial unit, they are territorial units. They are divided into the following categories:
ü Agrotowns - this is a new type of settlements, the formation of which is associated with the implementation of the program for the revival and development of the village approved by the President for 2005-2010.
An agro-town is a well-maintained rural settlement, in which there are agricultural enterprises (collective farms), trade enterprises (shops), social and cultural facilities (school, library).
ü villages (There are no clear criteria for distinguishing a village from an agro-town. But a village is a less well-equipped settlement).
A village is a rural settlement that has trading enterprises, social or cultural facilities and is not classified as an agro-town.
ü Other rural settlements : villages, farms. A village is a larger SNP than a village.
Administrative-territorial units that are not settlements:
Region
The region is a large administrative-territorial unit, consisting of districts and cities of regional subordination.
Neither the Constitution nor other acts of the legislation of Belarus contain a list of regions, which means that the decision to form new regions, abolish existing ones, can be made by authorized state bodies (the President). The Constitution of the BSSR of 1978, on the contrary, contained an exhaustive list of regions of Belarus. Each region has an administrative center - a city of regional subordination (the center of the Minsk region is the capital).
Area
A district is an administrative-territorial unit consisting of village councils, cities of district subordination, and other territories.
There are about 20 districts in one region of the Republic today. The district has an administrative center, which can be a city or an urban-type settlement. There are 118 districts in Belarus today.
village councils
Village councils are administrative-territorial units, consisting of many rural settlements and the territory between them.
In the composition of one region of Belarus, on average, up to 10 village councils. The village council, in turn, can include up to 20 settlements. The village council as an administrative-territorial unit must be distinguished from the village council of deputies as a state body exercising power on the territory of the village council.
All administrative-territorial units are combined into several levels, each level reflects the scale and significance of the administrative-territorial unit. There are 3 levels of administrative-territorial units:
Regions and the city of Minsk, districts and village councils are always administrative-territorial units, since local councils of deputies and executive committees are created in them. As for the cities of regional subordination, cities of regional subordination, urban-type settlements, far from all of them have the status of administrative-territorial units. This status is granted only to those of them in which local councils of deputies and executive committees have been created. In the city of Khoiniki there is no city council of deputies and an executive committee, it is subject to the power of the Khoiniki district Council of deputies.
Historical and cultural heritage According to UNESCO:
1. Arc Struve;
2. Mir Castle;
3. Nesvizh Castle;
4. Bialowieza Forest.
Of the more than 30 cities of regional subordination, less than half have the status of administrative-territorial units.
The procedure for resolving issues of administrative-territorial structure:
In practice, there may be a need to form new administrative-territorial units, abolish existing ones, rename them, change borders, etc. These are issues of administrative-territorial structure. The administrative-territorial structure affects the exercise of the powers of both republican and local government agencies, therefore, both are involved in resolving the issue of the administrative-territorial structure.
In this case, the President has the greatest amount of competence. Where he does not possess, I wonder!)) In particular, the President resolves issues of administrative-territorial structure in relation to administrative-territorial units of the 1st and 2nd levels. As a result, it is the President, for example, who can create a new region, abolish an existing one, change the boundaries of a district, or rename a city of regional subordination.
Regional Councils of Deputies resolve issues of administrative-territorial structure in relation to administrative-territorial units of the 3rd level.
Legislation defines the rule for renaming administrative-territorial units and territorial units:
1. Usually the name of administrative-territorial units should be unique. But exceptions are possible;
2. Renaming units is allowed only in exceptional cases;
3. Even in exceptional cases, it is forbidden to rename units whose name constitutes the historical cultural heritage of the country;
4. Renaming of avenues, streets, squares, other parts of settlements is carried out by the decision of the relevant Local Council of Deputies, taking into account the opinion of the population.
SGT transformations for the period 1989-2002 (page 20)
Types of regions by OGT value (p. 32)
Complex types of regions by the value of urban settlements (p. 50)
Distribution of urban settlements in Russia by functional types, % (p. 61)
Dynamics of the population of urban settlements in Russia by functional types (p. 70)
Regions of Russia with a predominance of certain functional types of urban settlements (p. 76)
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First scientific work, generalizing reasons for the appearance, the history of development and characteristics of the population of all ever-existing urban settlements like Russia. For modern settlements, the main problems and prospects for their further socio-economic development are considered. The ultimate goal of the study is to answer the question of what will happen to the population of urban-type settlements in Russia, whether it is necessary to preserve this category of settlements in the country.
The monograph is intended for specialists involved in the theory and practice of modern Russian problems demography and settlement, as well as students, graduate students and teachers of socio-economic disciplines.
Introduction
Chapter 1
1.1. The history of the emergence of urban settlements and the change in their significance over time in the country as a whole
1.2. Changes during the 1990s
1.3. The main characteristics of modern urban settlements in Russia
Chapter 2
2.1. Typology according to modern meaning PGT
2.2. Typology according to the dynamics of the value of PGT
2.3. Complex typology of regions according to the value of urban settlements
Chapter 3. Functional typology of urban settlements in Russia
3.1. Functional types and subtypes of PGT
3.2. Correlation of functional types and size of settlements
Chapter 4
4.1. Typology according to modern types
4.2. Typology by types of education
Chapter 5
Chapter 6. Problems and prospects for the development of urban settlements of various types
6.1. Extractive industry centers
6 2 District centers
6.3. Heavy manufacturing centers
6.4. suburban centers
6.5. Light and food industry centers
6.6. Urban settlement without city-forming enterprises
6.7. Transport centers
6.8. military centers
6.9. Resort centers
6.10. Construction centers
6.11. Science centers
Chapter 7. Prospects for changing the status of urban settlements in Russia
Conclusion
I wondered about, it seems, Yantarny urban settlement in the Kaliningrad region - after all village or urban? There seems to be no contradiction, but what is curious here is that the settlements of this category are simultaneously called settlements and are the centers of "urban districts" or "urban settlements". If you at least open an article on Wikipedia about, for example, the village of Idritsa in the Pskov region (in the photo below, by the way, it is he), then you can read that, being a village, he "is the center of the municipality urban settlement"Idritsa".
Of course, there are many types of settlements. It is enough that a village, a village and a settlement are different things. However, even from the point of view of legislation, they are in the same category (rural settlements), and there are only three of these categories. Urban settlements legally, on the one hand, refer to urban settlements ("urban type"), and their residents, for example, do not have the benefits due to villagers, and on the other hand, remain an "intermediate link". An interesting question arises: how to call PGT in everyday life? For example, when you write a report on his visit. With villages / villages and cities, everything is clear - there is one short word, which fits perfectly into the text or into colloquial speech. But texts with a rather awkward three-word term in the spirit of "I walked around this picturesque urban-type settlement" already complicate perception somewhat. Replacing it with the abbreviation "PGT" does not solve the problem either. Actually, the question is not even this, but what is PGT, it is village or still town?
And it seems that the answer to this question in each case is individual, and depends on how they think locals. As I happened to be convinced by experience, the inhabitants of some urban-type settlements say “my village” about their settlement, while others say “my town”. The motives for this may be different, but as a rule, it is history (due to what it arose, whether it had the status of a city or village in the past) or size (population). If I haven’t come across such references to a particular urban-type settlement from its inhabitants, then I try to determine it myself, intuitively (does the atmosphere in the settlement feel small town, or village) and based on history and size. In most cases, I still call urban-type settlements villages (since the criteria are suitable), but there is a small percentage of them that feel more like small towns. These are, firstly, those that were cities in the past (including, and even in most cases, before the revolution), and secondly, those whose population exceeds the mark of approximately 7-8 thousand people (at the same time These two criteria are independent of each other).
The list of those urban-type settlements I visited that I remember as small towns is rather small. Perhaps this is: on the basis of having the status of a city in the past - Kresttsy and Demyansk in the Novgorod region, Berezovo in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Kolyvan in Novosibirsk region; on the basis of a fairly high population - Roshchino and Sovetsky in Leningrad region(both in the Vyborg district, 14 thousand and 7 thousand inhabitants, respectively), Plesetsk in the Arkhangelsk region (10 thousand), Maksatikha in Tverskaya (8 thousand). There may be individual exceptions to this rule - for example, Loknya in the Pskov region seemed to me more like a small city than a village, apparently due to the large number of apartment buildings, as well as a trolleybus, despite the fact that only 3 people live there with a half thousand people (however, such a discrepancy is probably due to the fact that at the time of the collapse of the USSR there were six thousand - Loknya is one of the record holders for population decline in the Pskov region). Another interesting example is Palekh in the Ivanovo region, which generally seems more large village(however, historically it was just a village); I remember Lubytino in the Novgorod region in a similar way. It's probably not full list, and some other examples may come to my mind later. And in absentia (that is, from those where I have not yet visited) to the list of "PGT-cities" on the basis of urban status in the past, I would include Odoev in Tula region and Lalsk in Kirovskaya (it is likely that some examples will also come to mind).
Of course, one should not forget that the official status locality is not fixed to him forever, and can be changed at any time. In this regard, over the past quarter century, a number of urban-type settlements (for some reason, a particularly high percentage of those in Karelia) have lost this status, becoming simply rural settlements. There are objective reasons, and basically it's depopulation.
In general, since the above is about my personal perception, then everything that has been said is my subjective assessment, and regarding, for example, Maksatikha or Lalsk, someone may not agree with me. However, examples of the use of the word "city" or "town" in relation to urban-type settlements are still sometimes found. And the question village or urban?” to some extent, even cultural.
The appearance on the world map of new settlements and urban-type settlements is closely connected with the problem of urban formation. The village is considered the lowest stage of this process. As the village expands, it becomes a township. The next step is the village. Several villages form an urban-type settlement among themselves, which, after the construction of certain objects, receives the status of a city.
A village is a small community of people. It is larger than a village, but its main difference from a village is that more people live there and it is located next to a city or a larger settlement. Settlements occupy small areas around larger formations.
The main difference between a village and a village is the presence of a school or other social infrastructure. In the village, none of this can be. The village, especially if it is located far from the city, always has Kindergarten, clinic and school.
The next type of locality after the village is the village. The village has its own church. In the village it may not be, but in the village it is always there. Villages can appear anywhere, not necessarily near a large agglomeration, a village is usually located near some center.
Usually, as the village becomes larger, it immediately becomes a village, passing by the status of a village. A village is a settlement associated with a city. A typical village is Pavlovskaya Sloboda near Nakhabino, or Tushinsky village in the same place. Such settlements can be formed as a place to live for workers from a manufactory located nearby in a city or as a place of residence for personnel serving road or railway junctions.
An urban-type settlement is such a large formation that it practically does not differ from a city. For example, in the city of Uglich, which was at one time a princely center, now 8 thousand people live, and in an urban-type settlement Nakhabino 45 thousand people live. The population of an urban-type settlement is 5.5 times larger than that of an ancient city.
An urban-type settlement differs from a city in that there are few places for recreation and entertainment. No hospital, theaters, museums, scientific institutions etc. If we compare a settlement and an urban-type settlement, then an urban-type settlement must necessarily have a polyclinic, several schools, more than a dozen streets, railway station, night club, parks and other leisure places. A village may not have all this, it may not even have a church, because this is a village, not a village. An urban-type settlement usually has several churches.
Urban-type settlements appeared in the 19th century, when ordinary settlements began to expand. This happened so quickly that no one began to rename them into villages, but they did not dare to give the status of a city either. A settlement rarely has a population of more than 20 thousand people, and, as a rule, there are 1-2 thousand. An urban-type settlement may have 200 thousand, and not receive city status, although most often there are 15-20 thousand. towns do not receive because the city is obliged to include all the basic places necessary for a person to live, including hospitals and theaters. An urban-type settlement can be very densely built up, but there is a problem with the social infrastructure.
There is no need to talk about an ordinary village at all. Not every village has a high school. For example, in the Tushino village you can only study up to the 9th grade, and if you go to the 10th grade, you will have to go to study at a school located nearby in the urban-type settlement of Nakhabino. This example clearly shows the differences.
An urban-type settlement is usually so large that at least 3-4 highways lie in it. For example, 4 major roads pass through Nakhabino. There is always 1, maximum two roads leading to the village. An urban-type settlement occupies 5-10 times more territory, especially when it is spread out in several clusters, between which there is a forest and a park zone.
The main differences between a village and an urban-type settlement
There are few places for entertainment in the village. Usually there is a disco, a library, a couple of leisure places at the discretion of the residents. In an urban-type settlement there is almost everything like in a city, except for very urban types of recreation, such as a circus.
Parks, attractions, sports bars, bookmakers, hardware stores are all attributes of an urban-type settlement. In the village, this is usually not the case. There may be exceptions, but for one or two types of infrastructure. The urban village has it all.
Another difference number of storeys of buildings. In the villages there are rarely five-story houses, somewhere there are nine-story buildings. In urban-type settlements, you can see even thirty-story houses, as in major cities. Now they do not save on the number of storeys, unlike social infrastructure. Although, in Nakhabino, the tallest houses are limited to the 17th floor, in the nearby Tushino village there are no houses higher than five floors.
They differ in management. In an urban-type settlement, there is a head of the village, who manages it as a mayor, and has its own local administration, which is subordinate to the head of a larger entity. There is no such administration in the village, and it reports directly to the representative of a larger entity.
The urban-type settlement has police, fire and gas service departments. Many villages also have them, but this is not a mandatory attribute of the village. There are villages where only district police officers work, but there is no police building, there are villages without fire protection, not to mention gas. Although, in recent times the state is struggling with this, and such cases are not common.
The main difference between an urban-type settlement and a settlement is its size. And the size entails everything else. For a larger number of residents of an urban-type settlement, more organizations are needed that would serve their leisure. A smaller number of residents are not interested in building buildings where people will not go, so in the villages something usually appears that is interesting to the residents of this or that formation.
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