What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of social status. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"
Options for tasks No. 32 in the section " social relations»
to prepare for the exam in social studies
Task number 1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social control"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the structure social control, and one sentence revealing any function of social control.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: social control is a system of ways of regulating the influence of society, social groups on a person;
2) one sentence with information about the structure of social control, for example: "Social control includes social norms and social sanctions"; (Other sentences may be drawn up containing information about the structure of social control.)
3) one sentence, revealing, based on knowledge of the course, any function of social control, for example: "Social control serves to maintain the stability of the social system."
Other proposals can be made, revealing, based on the knowledge of the course, any function of social control.
Task number 2. List any three reasons why people join groups.
Explanation.
Content of the correct answer
Reasons may be given in response, for example:
1) groups satisfy a person's need for social belonging;
2) in a group a person satisfies one or another interest;
3) in a group, a person performs activities that he cannot carry out alone.
Other reasons may also be cited.
Task number 3. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "socialization of the individual"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the socialization of the individual.
Explanation.
Content of the correct answer (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning).
elements :
1) the meaning of the concept , for example: “The socialization of the individual is the assimilation of the main spiritual wealth accumulated by society, as well as the norms public life»;
Another definition that is close in meaning can be given.
2) two sentences containing information about the socialization of the individual, for example:
- “The family is the institution of primary socialization”;
- "The socialization of the individual helps her to adapt to the conditions of social life."
Any other proposals containing correct information about the socialization of the individual can be drawn up.
Task number 4. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "social role"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the social role.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "A social role is a model of human behavior, objectively set by the social position of the individual in the system of social and personal relations."
2) two sentences with information about the social role based on the knowledge of the course, for example:
- « Social roles associated with social status, profession or activity”;
- "AT modern society received widespread role conflicts that arise in situations where an individual is required to simultaneously perform several social roles with conflicting requirements.
Task number 5. Name three public institutions that contribute to the socialization of the individual.
Explanation.
Content of the correct answer (Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning).
In response, the following institutions can be named:
A family;
School (education);
Funds mass media;
Labor collective.
Task number 6. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social stratification"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the criteria for social stratification, and one sentence revealing the essence of one of these criteria.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: the division of society into social classes;
(Another definition that is close in meaning may be given.)
2) one sentence with information about the criteria of social stratification, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: “The criteria for social stratification include income, power, education, prestige of the profession”;
(Other proposals may be made containing information on the criteria for social stratification.)
3) one sentence, which, based on knowledge of the course, reveals the essence of one of the criteria for social stratification, for example: “Income is the amount of money received by an individual or family for certain period time. Income can be received in the form of wages, pensions, allowances, stipends, etc.” Other proposals can be made, revealing, based on the knowledge of the course, the essence of one of the criteria for social stratification
Task number 7. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "socialization"?
Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about socialization.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
the meaning of the concept, for example
The process during which the individual learns the basic elements of culture, norms and rules, the formation of personality takes place.
two sentences
The process of socialization continues human life, but with different intensity: this is how a person most actively masters social roles in school age, in youth, and in old age activity decreases;
Socialization occurs both as a result of a spontaneous, unintentional impact on a person, and as a result of a purposeful impact (education).
Any other suggestions may be specified
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Task number 8. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of " social group»?
Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the social group.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
the meaning of the concept, for example
A group of people united by common interests and activities.
two sentences
One person is a member of several social groups at once;
Depending on the number of people, sociologists distinguish large and small social groups, and depending on the organization - informal and formal.
Any other sentences containing information about social groups can be given.
Task number 9. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of " national policy"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about national politics.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the followingelements :
1) the meaning of the concept , for example: national policy is a set of political and organizational measures applied by the authorities to the nationalities living in its territory.
2) two sentences with information about national policy based on knowledge of the course, for example:
- the basis of the national policy of Russia is the equality of the peoples inhabiting it;
- national policy in a number of states can take on the character of national terror (pogroms, ethnic cleansing, genocide)
Task number 10. Characterizing vertical social mobility, social scientists talk about the channels of social mobility. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "channels of social mobility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the channels of social mobility.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: "the ways (methods) along which people move from one social group to another."
Another definition close in meaning may be given;
2) two sentences with information about the channels of social mobility, based on the knowledge of the course, for example:
− “The most common channel of social mobility in modern society is education”;
− “Through the channels of social mobility, a person can either rise to a higher social level or descend to a lower position.”
Any other proposals containing correct information about the channels of social mobility can be drawn up
Task number 11. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social conflict"? Make up two sentences containing information about social conflict.
Explanation.
the meaning of the concept, for example: "Social conflict is a conflict caused by disagreements between social groups or individuals with differences in opinions and views, the desire to take a leading position; a manifestation of people's social ties."
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Task number 12. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social inequality"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social inequality.
Explanation.
The correct answer may include:
Social inequality is a form of social differentiation in which individual individuals, social groups, strata, classes are at different levels of the vertical social hierarchy and have unequal life chances and opportunities to meet needs.
In the very general view inequality means that people live in conditions in which they have unequal access to limited resources of material and spiritual consumption.
Performing qualitatively unequal types of labor, in varying degrees satisfying social needs, people sometimes find themselves engaged in economically heterogeneous labor, because such types of labor have a different assessment of their social utility.
Task number 13. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "social role"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the social roles of a person.
Explanation.
The correct answer may include:
Social role (Linton, Mead) - a behavior model focused on a certain status.
The following suggestions may be made:
Social roles can be divided into: Psychosomatic - behavior depends on biological needs, human culture;
Psychodramatic - behavior depends on the requirements of the social. environment; Social - a person behaves as expected by representatives of a certain social. categories.
A role set is a set of roles performed by a person.
The main roles are family, professional, social and political.
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Task number 14. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "vertical social mobility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the channels of social mobility, and one sentence revealing the effect of any of the channels of social mobility.
Explanation.
Vertical social mobility is the movement of individuals or groups in a social structure with a change in social status. Move from group to group, improve your social status it is possible thanks to military service, marriage, education, which received the name of social elevators. One of the most important channels of social mobility is education, which provides access to prestigious positions and titles, without which it is impossible to make a career in modern society.
Task number 15. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social norms"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about ways to regulate people's behavior by social norms, and one sentence about the types of social norms.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: rules, regulations and standards related to them, patterns of behavior; (Another definition that is close in meaning may be given).
2) one sentence, with information about ways to regulate people's behavior by social norms, for example: The main ways to regulate people's behavior by social norms are: permission, prescription, prohibition. (Any other proposals can be made containing information about ways to regulate people's behavior by social norms).
3) one sentence, which, based on the knowledge of the course, reveals the types of social norms, for example: Fashion, etiquette rules, aesthetic norms are types of social norms. (Any other sentences containing information about the types of social norms can be made).
Task number 16. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social mobility"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of social mobility, and one sentence revealing the essence of any type of social mobility.
Explanation.
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: social mobility is a change in the social position of an individual, a social group; (Another definition that is close in meaning may be given.)
2) a sentence with information about the types of social mobility based on the knowledge of the course, for example: Sociologists distinguish vertical and horizontal, individual and group social
mobility. (Another proposal could be made containing information on types of social mobility.)
3) a sentence that reveals, based on knowledge of the course, the essence of any type of social mobility, for example: Vertical mobility is associated with the movement of a person or social group up or down the social ladder, improving or worsening their social position.
Task number 17. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social conflict"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of social conflict, and one sentence about the causes of social conflict.
Explanation.
The correct answer must contain the following elements:
1) the meaning of the concept, for example: this is a confrontation, a collision of two or more subjects (sides) social interaction, the causes of which are incompatible needs, interests and values; (Another definition that is close in meaning may be given.)
2) one sentence with information about the types of social conflict, based on the knowledge of the course, for example: social conflict can be hidden and obvious; (Any other proposal containing information about the types of social conflicts can be made.)
3) one sentence, revealing, based on the knowledge of the course, the causes of social conflict, for example: the cause of social conflict can be a clash of interests in any area of human relationships, for example, personal differences. (Any other sentence can be made that reveals the causes of social conflict.)
Proposals must be formulated correctly, not contain elements that distort the meaning of the concept and / or its aspects.
C5 (32). What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social stratification"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social stratification.
Answer:
(Other formulations of the answer are allowed that do not distort its meaning) |
Points |
The correct answer must contain the following elements: the meaning of the concept, for example: - social stratification - social difference, inequality of the position of people in the social structure. Another definition that is close in meaning can be given. two sentences with information about social stratification based on knowledge of the course, for example: “The stratification is based on many criteria, among them are the amount of income, the level of education, access to power, the prestige of the profession.” - "Stratification of a certain slice social structure society, or a theoretical perspective on how human society works." Other sentences containing information on social stratification may be drawn up. |
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The meaning of the concept is revealed and two sentences containing information about the corresponding social facility |
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The meaning of the concept is revealed and one sentence is composed containing information about the corresponding social object; OR the meaning of the concept is not explicitly disclosed, but is presented in two composed sentences, indicating that the graduate knows the content of social science this concept |
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The meaning of the concept is revealed, sentences are not made, OR the proposals are made without the involvement of social science knowledge, OR social science knowledge in the proposed proposals is not involved in the context of the concept under consideration, OR the meaning of the concept is not explicitly disclosed, one sentence is composed containing information about the corresponding social object, OR the answer is wrong |
C5. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social groups in society.
The meaning of the concept: a social group is any set of people who have some common socially significant feature,
Information about social groups in society:
Social groups are subdivided according to the size, nature of relationships, method of organization, degree of organization, duration of existence, biosocial characteristics (racial affiliation, gender, age),
According to the number of participants, social groups are divided into large and small groups, according to the nature of the relationship - formal and informal groups,
In groups, a person realizes his social (social) essence.
Maximum score – 2.
C5. Name any three reasons why people form social groups.
Groups satisfy a person's need for social belonging,
In a group, a person satisfies one or another interest,
In a group, a person performs those activities that he cannot carry out alone,
The maximum score is 2.
C5. List any three features that characterize education as a social institution.
Social institution -it is a sustainable form of organization joint activities regulated by norms, traditions, customs and aimed at meeting the fundamental needs of society.
The presence of a role-playing system (student, teacher),
The presence of a set of institutions (institute, school),
Existence of regulatory rules or norms (law on education, school charter),
The presence of important social functions (socialization of youth).
The maximum score is 2.
C5. Name any three factors of socialization of the individual.
Family educational traditions
social environment,
social norms,
Communication skills.
The maximum score is 2.
C5. Name any three traits of a person that predetermine his negative deviant behavior.
Human traits that predetermine negative deviant behavior:
Limited needs and interests
A distorted idea of "what is good and what is bad",
Lack of a sense of social responsibility
The habit of uncritical assessment of one's own behavior,
Psychical deviations.
The maximum score is 2.
C6. Give any three examples of the impact of various social institutions on the process of socialization of the individual.
The family as a social institution contributes to the assimilation of society's accepted views on good and evil, justice, and so on,
School (education) as a social institution provides the necessary knowledge,
The media as a social institution contributes to the development of attitudes towards the values that exist in society.
The maximum score is 3.
C6. Based on social science knowledge and personal experience Model a specific situation illustrating positive deviant behavior. Give three examples of formal positive sanctions that are possible in this case.
Situation model: Sidorov, an advertising executive at a large real estate firm, used an unconventional style of dress to attract customers, resulting in a significant increase in sales in a short time.
Positive sanctions: the company's management approved of his innovation, and Sidorov was given an award, or presented with a diploma, or offered a new position with the prospect of career growth.
The maximum score is 3.
C6. Use examples to illustrate each of the three types of social norms: tradition, custom, ceremony.
Traditions - hospitality, regular meetings school graduates,
Ceremony - coronation, inauguration.
The maximum score is 3.
C6. Name two trends in the development of modern interethnic relations and illustrate each of them with an example.
Answer
The main trends in the development of interethnic relations are:
- integration, economic, cultural and political rapprochement of nations, the destruction of national barriers (for example, European Community),
- opposition to the economic, political and cultural expansion of the superpowers (anti-globalization movement).
The maximum score is 3.
C6. According to scientists, the family, along with other functions, performs the function of supporting the physical health of parents and children. Name and illustrate with examples three manifestations of this function.
Answer
The manifestations of the function of supporting the physical health of parents and children are:
- giving up bad habits (for example, after the birth of a child, a young father quit smoking),
- leisure(for example, parents and children go to the skating rink every Sunday in winter),
- mastering hygiene skills (for example, parents teach children to brush their teeth twice a day, wash their hands before eating),
- carrying out preventive and recreational activities (for example, in the fall, parents and children made a decision and were vaccinated against influenza).
The maximum score is 3.
C7. The family, which arose in ancient times, initially concentrated in itself all the main functions to ensure human life. Gradually, it began to share its individual functions with other institutions of society. List three such functions. name social institutions who began to carry them out.
Answer
Function examples:
- socialization of children
- economic,
- social status.
The function of socializing children is now also carried out by the school; the economic function is connected with the institute of material production; the social status of a person can be provided by the army, the church, the media, the profession.
The maximum score is 3.
Similar information.
1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the "social group".
Answer: a social group is a stable collection of people that has different, only inherent features (social status, interests, value orientations).
Sample sentences: The emergence of social groups is associated with the social division of labor and the specialization of human activity . The social group mediates between individual and society as a whole. Social groups can be of various sizes - small and large, as well as formal and informal.
2. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "quasigroup"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the "quasi-group".
Answer:
a quasi-group is an unstable, informal set of people, united, as a rule, by one or very few types of interaction, having an indefinite structure, system of values and norms.
Sample sentences: The main properties of quasi-groups include anonymity, suggestibility, social contagion, unconsciousness. Quasi-groups most often exist for a short time, after which they either completely disintegrate, or, under the influence of the situation, turn into stable social groups. Quasi-groups include the audience, fan group, crowd, etc.
C6 - assignment to be specified theoretical provisions using examples of social life. Most often, tasks of two models are used: “explain by example” (first model) or “illustrate with examples” (second model). The first model does not unfold before the examinee the requirements for specific “steps” for completing tasks; it is more difficult to complete. The second model can be formulated in several ways: “Name ... and illustrate with an example”, “Give a position with an appropriate example”, “Name and give an appropriate example”.