Self-consciousness of the individual. Self-awareness and social behavior
TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (PLAN) LESSON No. _______
"Man in the system of social relations"TOPIC: « the self-consciousness of the individual and social behavior»
Type of lesson (type of lesson): combined lesson Norm of time: 90 min
Lesson objectivesEducational
Form concepts: self-knowledge, self-consciousness, self-identification, self-esteem, reflection.
To give an idea of the various forms of self-knowledge, their advantages and disadvantages.
Introduce students to various techniques self-knowledge.
Educational
To educate students in the spirit of beauty, which elevates a person; to promote the choice of the right guidelines in life; convince of the need for self-education, self-improvement.
Educational
Build skills and abilities:
to express their opinion on their own understanding on the topic; be able to highlight the main thing in the text of a paragraph, document and give their assessment; use information obtained from the Internet.
Ensuring the lesson
Visual aids:slides, board
Handout:textbooks (Vazhenin A.G. Social science. SPO. - M. Enlightenment, 2017.), schemes "Formation of self-consciousness.", Material for independent work (filling in the table "Phases of self-knowledge and self-esteem", drawing up a diagram - abstract)
Technical means learning:overhead projector, computer
References: Vazhenin A.G. Social science. SPO. - M. Enlightenment, 2017.
Additional literature:1. Political systems of modern states. A.Yu.Melville. – M.: Aspect Press, 2012
2. Kravchenko, A.I. Fundamentals of sociology and political science: Textbook / A.I. Kravchenko. - M.: Prospekt, 2015. - 352 p.
3. Borovik, V. S. Fundamentals of sociology and political science: textbook. allowance for colleges / V. S. Borovik, B. I. Kretov. - M.: Yurayt Publishing House; ID Yurayt, 2014. - 447 p. - (Textbooks for colleges).
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE RESULTS OF LEARNING
Students should know: basic concepts: self-knowledge, self-consciousness, self-identification, self-esteem, reflection; ways of forming the self-consciousness of the individual.
Students should be able to: apply the acquired knowledge in life, analyze and compare phenomena, formulate an answer to a given question with reason, work independently.
LESSON CONTENT
Assignments and exercises for discussion.1 . What is the spiritual world of man?
2. What is culture?
3. What is the significance of the spiritual sphere in the life of society?
4. What is the spiritual life of society and the spiritual world of the individual?
5. What is characteristic of the spiritual world of a person?
6. What are the elements of the spiritual life of society?
7. Do you think there is a connection between spiritual and material culture in the life of society?
8. Formulate a conclusion.
1 TO spiritual life of the individual or, as they say differently, the spiritual world of a person usually refers to the knowledge, faith, needs, abilities and aspirations of people. Its integral part is the sphere of human emotions and experiences. One of the main conditions for a full-fledged spiritual life of an individual is the mastery of the knowledge, skills, values accumulated by society in the course of history, i.e., the developmentculture.
2. Culture is the most important element that determines the sphere of spiritual life. The term “culture” itself originally in Latin meant “cultivation, tillage”, that is, even then it implied changes in nature under the influence of man. In a meaning close to the modern understanding, this word was first used in the 1st century. BC e. Roman philosopher and orator Cicero. But only in the 17th century. it began to be widely used in an independent sense, meaning everything that was invented by man. Since then, thousands of definitions of culture have been given, but there is still no single and generally accepted definition and, most likely, never will be. In the very general view it can be represented as follows:culture - these are all types of transformative activity of a person and society, as well as all its results.
3. Society exists not only in the world of things and objects. A person lives, perceiving the world as a complex system of concepts, ideas, theories and images. All this and much more fills the spiritual life of society and man.
Along with the economic, social and political spheres of life, the spiritual sphere is the most important for understanding the activities of human society.
4. Spiritual life of society (or the spiritual sphere of society) covers science, morality, religion, philosophy, art, scientific institutions, cultural institutions, religious organizations, relevant activities of people.
Spiritual world personalities constitute : knowledge, abilities, goals, needs, experiences, faith, feelings, aspirations.
5. The spiritual world of a person is characterized by:
1) Spiritual and theoretical activity2) Spiritual and practical activity
represents the production of spiritual goods and values. Its product is thoughts, ideas, theories, ideals, artistic images that can take the form of scientific and artistic works.
it is the preservation, reproduction, distribution, distribution, as well as the consumption of created spiritual values.
6. Elements of the spiritual sphere of society -morality, science, art, religion, law .
The spiritual life of a person, or, as they say, the spiritual world of a person, usually includes knowledge, faith, needs, abilities and aspirations of people. Its integral part is the sphere of human emotions and experiences. One of the main conditions for a full-fledged spiritual life of an individual is the mastery of the knowledge, skills, values accumulated by society in the course of history, i.e., the developmentculture.
7. spiritual culture is closely connected with the material, because no object can be created without a combination of actions " thinking head” and “executing hand”.
The spiritual world means the inner, spiritual life of a person, which includes knowledge, faith, feelings, aspirations of people.
8. Conclusion.
Spiritual life is what elevates a person, fills his activity deep meaning, contributes to the choice of the right reference points.
Moral self-education means the unity of consciousness and behavior, the steady implementation of moral standards in human life and activity.
Our time allows a person to make worldview self-determination. Everyone chooses what, in his opinion, helps him live
III The study new topic
A person must be happy. If he is unhappy, then he is guilty. And he is obliged to take care of himself until he eliminates this inconvenience or misunderstanding.
1. Stage of motivation. Formulation of the topic and objectives of the lesson
- What is a social group?
- Define the concept of "Individual"
- What is social mobility and what kinds (types) do you know?
- Today in the lesson we will learn how the social behavior of an individual in society is formed.
Recording the topic and epigraph for the lesson in notebooks
social group - this is an association of people who have a common significant social attribute based on their participation in some activity, connected system relations that are regulated by formal or informal social institutions.
concept"individual" characterizes a person as a single (separate) representative of the entire human race, a specific carrier of all social, psychological and biological qualities of mankind: mind, will, needs, interests, etc.
social mobility called the totality of social movements of people in society.
There are two main types of social mobility - intergenerational and intragenerational, and two main types - vertical and horizontal.
Intergenerational mobility implies that children reach a higher social position or go down to a lower step than their parents: the son of a miner becomes an engineer.
Intragenerational mobility means that the same individual, beyond comparison with parents, changes social positions several times throughout his life: a turner becomes an engineer, and then a shop manager, a plant director, and a minister of the machine-building industry.
vertical mobility implies moving from one stratum (estate, class, caste) to another, i.e. movement leading up or down social status.
Horizontal mobility implies the movement of an individual from one social group to another without raising or lowering social status: moving from an Orthodox to a Catholic religious group, from one citizenship to another, from one family (parental) to another (one's own, newly formed), from one profession to another.
Explanation of new material.
Conversation.
self-knowledge - this is the study by a person of his own mental and physical characteristics, understanding himself.
self-awareness - oneself in contrast to the other - other subjects and the world in general; is a person's awareness of his social status and his vital , , , , , , action.
Personality- this isa stable system of socially significant features that characterize an individual as a member of a particular society).
Self-esteem is an emotional attitude towards one's own image.
Identity (English) I dental ) - a property of a person associated with his sense of belonging to a certain group - a political party, people, religious denomination, race, etc.
Psychologists have identified phases (stages, periods) of self-knowledge and self-awareness (slide)
How many phases?
How can they be characterized? Fill in the gaps in the table.
Independent work. Filling in the table.
Phases of self-knowledge and self-esteem
active phase
Fall phase
activity
………………
…………………
………………
…………………
awareness is directed to the outside the world, knowledge of one's self is episodic
more attention is paid to the external image, appearance (how do I look?), clothing, physical fitness
attention switches to the inner essence, the search for a place, meaning in life, self-realization
sage - believes that he knows everything about himself, which is why the attitude to self-knowledge is secondary
From the data in the table, it can be determined that in childhood a person thinks less about his Self, directing his activity to the knowledge of the world around him.
The active phase begins in adolescence and lasts until old age. This phase can be divided into two stages, defining the border of the stages at the age of 20-30 years. It must be borne in mind that the formation of personality and character occurs differently, and in connection with this, we determined the duration of the transition from one stage to another at 10 years.
By the end of life, value orientations change in the direction of assessing the path traveled, and the activity of self-knowledge decreases somewhat.
We have decided on the phases, now we will consider the features of self-knowledge in relation to other types of knowledge. Let's compare, remembering the material studied earlier.
Self-knowledge, unlike other types of knowledge:
It is directed at the cognizer himself, both at the external appearance and at the inner essence;
Unlike scientific cognition, there is subjectivity in social cognition;
Great importance in the knowledge of one's own "I" has (in comparison with social knowledge) the point of view and assessment of others.
Unlike other types of cognition, there is a creative "I" (the subject's desire for self-improvement).
Writing definitions in notebooks
self-knowledge, self-awareness,
personality, Self-esteem, Identity
Self-completion of the table.
Working with handouts brief note-taking and drawing up a diagram “Types of self-knowledge”)
1. self-awareness this is:
a person's awareness of his actions, feelings, thoughts, motives of behavior, interests, his position in society.
a person's awareness of himself as a person capable of making decisions and bearing responsibility for them.
self-awareness is a dynamic, historically developing education with different levels. The first level, which is sometimes called well-being, is the elementary awareness of one's body and determining its place in the world of surrounding things and people. The next, higher level of self-consciousness is associated with the awareness of oneself as belonging to one or another human community, one or another social group. The highest level is the emergence of consciousness of one's "I" as a completely special education, similar to the "I" of other people, but in some way unique and inimitable, able to perform free actions and be responsible for them.
self-knowledge - the study by the individual of his own mental and physical characteristics.
self-knowledge is the starting point and basis for the existence of self-consciousness. The result of self-knowledge is manifested in the knowledge of the individual about himself. It is on this basis that the emotional-value attitude of the individual towards himself is formed. Generalized achievements in the field of self-knowledge and emotional value attitude appear in self-esteem.
3. Types of self-knowledge : indirect (through introspection), direct (self-observation, including through diaries, questionnaires and tests), self-confession (a complete internal report to oneself), reflection (thinking about what is happening in the mind), knowing oneself through knowing others, in the process of communication, play, work, cognitive activity.
In fact, a person has been engaged in self-knowledge throughout his conscious life, but he is not always aware that he is carrying out this type of activity. Self-knowledge begins in infancy and ends with the death of a person. It is formed gradually as it reflects both the external world and the knowledge of oneself.
Knowing yourself by knowing others. The child at first does not distinguish himself from the outside world. But at the age of 3-8 months, he gradually begins to distinguish himself, his organs and the body as a whole among the objects surrounding him. This process is called self-recognition. This is where self-knowledge begins. An adult is the main source of a child's knowledge of himself - he gives him a name, teaches him to respond to it, etc.
The well-known words of the child: "I myself ..." mean his transition to an important stage in knowing himself - a person learns to use words to designate the signs of his "I", to characterize himself.
The knowledge of the properties of one's own personality proceeds in the process of activity and communication. In communication, people get to know and appreciate each other. These assessments affect the self-esteem of the individual.
4.
Self-esteem
- emotional attitude to one's own image (always subjective). Self-esteem can be realistic (in success-oriented people), unrealistic (overestimated or underestimated in people focused on avoiding failure).
Self-esteem includes the results of self-knowledge and attitude towards oneself, is an internal mechanism for self-regulation of human behavior, that is, it allows you to choose the most adequate, optimal lines of behavior, determines ways to respond to the behavior of other people.
5.
Factors affecting self-esteem
:
comparison of the real "I" with the ideal,
evaluating other people and comparing yourself to them,
attitude of the individual to his own successes and failures.
6. The image of "I" ("I"-concept) - a relatively stable, more or less conscious or verbal representation of a person about himself.
Self-knowledge is closely related to such a phenomenon asreflection, reflecting the process of reflection of the individual about what is happening in his mind. Reflection includes not only a person's own view of himself, but also takes into account how others see him, especially individuals and groups that are especially significant to him.
7. Self-regulation of behavior carried out as a two-level process. The first level involves the management of the individual's behavior at all stages of its development. The second level is self-control, that is, a kind of Feedback within the process of self-regulation.
8.Self-control manifests itself in the continuous tracing of all links of a behavioral act, their connection, sequence, internal logic. This is a kind of "report" of the individual in front of him about the correlation of the purpose of the action, the course of its implementation with the assimilated and accepted system of social standards. Self-control makes it possible to take into account the external and internal conditions for the course of an action and, if necessary, change it, include additional efforts, and update the potential reserves of the individual. Self-consciousness can act not only in the form of self-consciousness of the individual, but also in the form of social consciousness.
9. Social group consciousness - this is a historically determined level of awareness by members of a large social group (class, stratum, social stratum) of their position in the system of existing socio-political relations, as well as their specific social group needs and interests. Social group consciousness, like individual consciousness, is the product of a long social historical development, which is based on the dynamics of the needs of people belonging to a given large social group, and the possibilities for their implementation, as well as the associated ideas and practical social actions of people. The difference in the conditions of existence of large social groups determines their specific psychological features. It is in the community of mental traits typical of class members that the reality of social group consciousness is expressed.
brief note-taking, drawing up a summary diagram
drawing up a scheme "Types of self-knowledge")
types of self-knowledge
mediated reflection
self-confession
immediate
self-knowledge through knowledge
others
Work with schemes. (Handout)
"Formation of Self-Consciousness"
Conversation on the issue
How is self-awareness formed, in your opinion? Give examples.
Conclusion.
self-awareness - this is an individual's awareness of his physical, intellectual, personal specificity, national and professional affiliation, place in the system of social relations. Self-consciousness is a process developing in ontogenesis, associated with the general development of a person, and is necessary condition preservation of the identity of the individual, the continuity of individual stages of its development, it is in it that the peculiar history of individuality is reflected. At the same time, knowing himself in work and communication with other people, the individual regulates his actions and behavior in the system of social relationships. Realizing his strengths and weaknesses, a person changes his behavior in accordance with the requirements that society imposes on him, and the goals that he sets for himself in the process of self-education. And this means that the self-consciousness of the individual has a social character and determines the social behavior of a person.
Recording the scheme in notebooks.
Analyze, discuss
Oral responses, examples, discussion
IV Consolidation (generalization and systematization of the studied material)
Exercise 1.
Read the text and answer the questions.
“Self-consciousness is not only self-knowledge, but also a certain attitude towards oneself: towards one’s qualities and states, capabilities, physical and spiritual forces, that is, self-esteem.
Man as a person is a self-evaluating being. Without self-esteem it is difficult or even impossible to determine oneself in life. True self-esteem involves a critical attitude towards oneself, constant trying on one’s capabilities to life’s requirements, the ability to independently set feasible goals for oneself, strictly evaluate the course of one’s thoughts and its results, subject the guesses put forward to a thorough check, thoughtfully weigh all the pros and cons. ", abandon unjustified hypotheses and versions<...>
True self-esteem maintains the dignity of a person and gives him moral satisfaction. An adequate or inadequate attitude towards oneself leads either to the harmony of the spirit, which provides reasonable self-confidence, or to constant conflict, sometimes leading a person to a neurotic state. The most appropriate attitude towards yourself - highest level self-esteem."
AT.Spirkin. Consciousness and self-awareness
1. What two components of self-consciousness are named by the author?
2. Which concept, according to the author, is broader: self-awareness or self-esteem? Explain your answer based on the text.
3. How does the level of self-esteem affect a person's personality? Relying on text and personal experience Name any three manifestations of this influence.
4. Based on the knowledge of the social science course and social experience, confirm the validity of the author's statement: "Without self-esteem, it is difficult or even impossible to determine oneself in life." Illustrate with any three examples. life situations the importance of self-esteem for self-determination of personality.
Reading text
1.
1) self-knowledge;
2) attitude towards oneself (to one's qualities and states, capabilities, physical and spiritual forces).
2.
2) an explanation based on the text (self-esteem and self-knowledge together constitute the self-consciousness of the individual).
3. 1) adequate self-esteem maintains the dignity of a person in his own eyes;
2) adequate self-esteem ensures a person's confident behavior in different situations;
3) inadequate self-esteem leads to neurotic reactions (complexity, dissatisfaction with oneself, anger at other people, envy, etc.). and other answers.
4. Examples:
1) choice of profession (than more adequate self-esteem, the better professional self-determination);
2) the choice of the path of education (the more correct the assessment of one's abilities and capabilities, the more successful the choice and its result);
3) the choice of methods (style) of interaction with others (the more correct the assessment of one’s own personal qualities the more demanding and critical the attitude towards oneself, the more successfully relations with others develop);
4) the choice of a spouse (the more adequate self-esteem, the more accurate the modeling of one's relationship with a chosen one or chosen one).
Test work.
1. The subject of knowledge is
1) world mind 2)human 3) nature 4) any living quality
2. Definition: "The sensual image of the external characteristics of objects and processes of the material world that directly affect the senses"
refers to the concept
1) Hypothesis 2) representation3) perception 4) feeling
3. Are the following judgments about the process of cognition correct?
A. In the process of cognition, human emotions and feelings play an important role.
B. In the process of cognition, human intuition has a certain value.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true3) both statements are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
4. Are the following judgments about social cognition correct?
A. In social cognition, its subject and object coincide.
B. Experiment is actively used in social cognition.
1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are correct 4) both judgments are wrong
5. Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, are connected with the concept of “thinking”. generalization; assimilation; sensation; abstraction; comparison.
Find and indicate a term that is not related to the concept of thinking.
Answer: ________________________
6. Establish a correspondence between the forms of cognition and their essence: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
THE ESSENCE OF THE FORM OF KNOWLEDGE
A) a thought reflecting the general and essential properties of objects, phenomena, processes
B) the image of the object of knowledge, imprinted in memory
B) a thought that affirms or denies something about an object, phenomenon, process
D) sensual image of objects, phenomena and processes that directly affect the senses
1) Representation 2) concept 3) judgment 4) perception
BUTB
AT
G
2 )human
3) perception
3) both statements are correct
1) only A is true
feeling ;
B
AT
G
2
1
3
4
Psychological warm-up (optional)
Japanese test"Your chance"
Look carefully at the list and choose the vehicle that appeals to you the most. So, what will you ride with the greatest pleasure?
A Bicycle
B Car
To Bus
G Train
D Yacht
E Plane
Japanese test “Bridge”
Two babies cannot get to each other from one side to the other. Help the children. Draw a bridge for them. What color will you choose for this?
1. Red
2. Blue
3. Brown
4. Green
5. Gray
6. Black
Is it possible for a person to know himself?
Watch how constantly your mind is restless. Attempts to streamline the chaos of thoughts lead nowhere. Only calm observation will make your mind flow in the right direction, and not break down in a waterfall of emotions - Steve Jobs.
The chosen means of transportation speaks about your chances of achieving your goals and about the character traits that contribute to or hinder this.
a. Your choice is a bicycle. The set goals will be achieved through their own efforts. Rely on yourself, act on your own. It is unlikely that people around you will help you. You have enough courage, courage and faith, so go ahead! Willpower, perseverance and hard work will lead you to victory. Your chances are very high.
b. Your choice is a car. Inner strength and energy pushes you forward. You will achieve your goals if you don't rush too much. Go to your goal calmly, with small checkers. You certainly have a chance. Try not to miss them in your usual haste, hustle and bustle.
in. Your choice is the bus. You value your family and friends very much. By helping others, you work on yourself, which brings you closer to achieving your cherished goal. But do not let loved ones distract your attention and change the chosen direction of movement. Your chances are pretty good, but only if you don't let others interfere with your plans.
d. Your choice is the train. Although there are a lot of people around, you completely ignore their opinion and role in your life. You shouldn't lock yourself up. Look around and pay attention to the ideas of others. Maybe among their diversity you will see something valuable for yourself, and your chances of success will grow.
e. Your choice is a yacht. You are an independent person and quite indifferent to what is happening around. Rationality and common sense are your principles. You are not easily distracted and knocked off the intended path. You draw up a plan, a strategy and clearly follow them, not paying attention to constantly changing conditions and circumstances. Maybe this is not true? Try to notice and consider a variety of solutions. This will definitely increase your chances.
e. Your choice is an airplane. You want to achieve your goal incredibly fast and constantly daydream about it instead of taking real action. Your fantasy in this case is your enemy. You either hover in the clouds, or you are afraid of the fulfillment of your desires. So far, there is little chance of success. Get down on the ground, look around and get down to business without unnecessary fear.
The test briefly reveals the bright features of a person’s character and behavior.
1. Your choice is Red. You are an extremely stubborn person. It's not your style to stop half way. In relations with people, you go to extremes, directly and clearly denoting your attitude towards them. With some you are sweet, kind and friendly, with others you are rude, harsh and tactless. However, friends respect you for your straightforwardness and love you for who you are.
2. Your choice is Blue. You are a noble and gentle person, a romantic and a dreamer. Often you go with the flow, indulging your desires. extreme situations they scare you. The limit of dreams is peace, harmony and love of loved ones. Your own thoughts and experiences excite you more than what is happening around you.
3. Your choice is Brown. You are a serious and hardworking person. You do not like to break the established rules, you are always responsible for your words and these obligations. They say about such people: "He is an honest and decent person." Maybe you're a little hampered by the lack of flexibility, breadth of views and a certain amount of imagination.
4. Your choice is Green. You are a creative person. Unusual things, incredible events attract your attention. People around you are attracted by ingenuity, curiosity, open-mindedness and good taste. It will not be difficult for you to come up with a non-standard way out of the situation, give non-trivial advice or captivate your friends with an original idea.
5. Your choice is Gray. Faith in the goodness and purity of the thoughts of others - here are your distinctive features. There is a certain amount of self-confidence in this. Sometimes you like to go against fate and change the situation according to your mood. Sometimes you can do the opposite just because of the harmfulness that suddenly visited you. Your taciturnity is often perceived by others as arrogance.
6. Your choice is Black. A mask of indifferent calmness is often put on your face. You try your best to hide your emotions from others, fearing that they will perceive it as a weakness. Even if you joke and smile, no one can say with certainty how you feel at this moment. Closeness and restraint are the main principles that you adhere to.
V Homework
Paragraph 4.2., terms
Recording homework
VI Lesson results
Grading a lesson
Reflection
During the lesson, I worked:
I am satisfied/dissatisfied with my work at the lesson
The lesson for me seemed short / long
For the lesson I'm not tired / tired
My mood got better/worse
The material of the lesson was clear / not clear to me
Useful / useless
Interesting/boring
Oral responses of students
Teacher's signature
Human self-consciousness is a complex mental phenomenon that is made up of emotions and instincts, thoughts and interests, personality type, cultural and social environment in which the individual lives. In his inner world, a person may feel like an artist, entertainer, political or social leader, an outstanding athlete, entrepreneur, or anyone else. Such self-perceptions of the individual may or may not correspond to the real resources, abilities and talents of the person. Mismatch of the dominants of self-consciousness with the achieved results, with the attitude of others, can lead to psychological conflicts, which is reflected in social behavior.
Every person from the very early age voluntarily or involuntarily evaluates his personality, behavior and abilities, comparing himself with other members of society. Positive assessments add self-esteem to the individual, negative ones lead to annoyance, an underestimated level of claims, psychological breakdowns, aggression, deviant (deviant) behavior.
A person's self-consciousness is formed gradually, over the years absorbing the values of the surrounding world, forming models for imitation or rejection of any actions. At different countries and peoples, this period of the formation of self-consciousness is usually estimated by a different time period - in some cultures it is 16-18 years, in others 21 years. Before this age, which is also called coming of age, it is believed that the individual cannot be fully aware of his actions, that is, he incompetent in whole or in part. AT in practical terms this means that a person with an unstable self-consciousness cannot elect and be elected to state and municipal positions, cannot bear full responsibility for the offenses and crimes committed, have a permit to carry weapons, buy and consume alcohol and tobacco.
The formation of self-consciousness and thinking are processes hidden from superficial observation; people around cannot say with certainty that this or that individual has reached the proper level of self-consciousness. Of course, you can conduct tests and qualifying exams that reveal the level of knowledge, skills, abilities or physical training a certain person. But the degree of development of self-awareness cannot be directly measured, although this can be very important in order to prevent betrayal in law enforcement agencies, corruption in government agencies, and theft of intellectual property in the corporate sector.
Representatives behaviorism and a number of others scientific directions rightly believe that self-consciousness and the unconscious are unobservable, the brain and mind are a “black box”, but behavior can be studied and through it to obtain information about thought processes and behavioral constants embedded in the human genetic memory. In this case good help is science ethology, studying the behavior of animals, and partly of people. The study of social hierarchy in packs, mutual assistance in family relationships, cooperation in joint hunting, mating games and clashes - all this gives useful information for a better understanding of human behavior in society.
Crime remains a big problem for humanity, which in itself represents some kind of antisocial behavior. Robbery and murder, hooliganism and theft, kidnapping and terrorism - all this is the result of antisocial (delinquent) behavior. Similarly, illegal political actions can be considered - various Maidans, unrest, "rose revolutions". Some individuals violate the law because of selfish motives and greed, the other because of violated (as it seems to them) justice.
For the executive and legislature, it is very important prediction of social behavior citizens who approve or disapprove of certain political, economic and social decisions. Indicators such as the growth of crime, strikes, protests, hidden discontent are widely used by sociologists who present the results of their surveys to government agencies and the public. Graphs of protest moods and popularity ratings of political leaders can accurately predict future public behavior.
Human self-consciousness is a complex mental phenomenon that is made up of emotions and instincts, thoughts and interests, personality type, cultural and social environment in which the individual lives. In his inner world, a person may feel like an artist, entertainer, political or social leader, an outstanding athlete, entrepreneur, or anyone else. Such self-perceptions of the individual may or may not correspond to the real resources, abilities and talents of the person. Mismatch of the dominants of self-consciousness with the achieved results, with the attitude of others, can lead to psychological conflicts, which is reflected in social behavior.
Every person from a very early age voluntarily or involuntarily evaluates his personality, behavior and abilities, comparing himself with other members of society. Positive assessments add self-esteem to the individual, negative ones lead to annoyance, an underestimated level of claims, psychological breakdowns, aggression, deviant (deviant) behavior.
A person's self-consciousness is formed gradually, over the years absorbing the values of the surrounding world, forming models for imitation or rejection of any actions. For different countries and peoples, this period of the formation of self-consciousness is usually estimated by a different time period - in some cultures it is 16-18 years, in others 21 years. Before this age, which is also called coming of age, it is believed that the individual cannot be fully aware of his actions, that is, he incompetent in whole or in part. In practical terms, this means that a person with an unstable self-consciousness cannot elect and be elected to state and municipal positions, cannot bear full responsibility for the offenses and crimes committed, have a permit to carry weapons, buy and consume alcohol and tobacco.
The formation of self-consciousness and thinking are processes hidden from superficial observation; people around cannot say with certainty that this or that individual has reached the proper level of self-consciousness. Of course, you can conduct tests and qualifying exams that reveal the level of knowledge, skills, abilities or physical fitness of a particular person. But the degree of development of self-awareness cannot be directly measured, although this can be very important in order to prevent betrayal in law enforcement agencies, corruption in government agencies, and theft of intellectual property in the corporate sector.
Representatives behaviorism and a number of other scientific areas rightly believe that self-consciousness and the unconscious are unobservable, the brain and mind are a “black box”, but behavior can be studied and through it to obtain information about thought processes and behavioral constants embedded in the human genetic memory. In this case, science is a good help. ethology, studying the behavior of animals, and partly of people. The study of social hierarchy in packs, mutual assistance in family relationships, cooperation in joint hunting, mating games and collisions - all this provides useful information for a better understanding of human behavior in society.
Crime remains a big problem for humanity, which in itself represents some kind of antisocial behavior. Robbery and murder, hooliganism and theft, kidnapping and terrorism - all this is the result of antisocial (delinquent) behavior. Similarly, illegal political actions can be considered - various Maidans, unrest, "rose revolutions". Some individuals violate the law because of selfish motives and greed, the other because of violated (as it seems to them) justice.
For the executive and legislature, it is very important prediction of social behavior citizens who approve or disapprove of certain political, economic and social decisions. Indicators such as the growth of crime, strikes, protests, hidden discontent are widely used by sociologists who present the results of their surveys to government agencies and the public. Graphs of protest moods and popularity ratings of political leaders can accurately predict future public behavior.
In the famous formula of R. Descartes “I think, therefore I exist”, the fact of having thinking serves as proof of the existence of a person.
I. Kant gave the understanding of "I" a value-personal dimension. He introduced into scientific circulation the division of consciousness and self-consciousness of a person. “The fact that a person can have an idea of \u200b\u200bhis own Self elevates him infinitely above all other creatures living on Earth. Because of this, he is a person...” Self-consciousness, according to Kant, is a necessary prerequisite for morality and moral responsibility.
The complexity of the problem lies in the fact that in this case the object and subject of cognition coincide, which makes it difficult to establish the degree of reliability of a person's knowledge about himself.
Usually under self-awareness understand a person's definition of himself as a person , able to make independent decisions enter into certain relationships with other people and nature. One of the important signs self-awareness is the willingness of a person to be responsible for his decisions and actions.
self-knowledge- the study by a person of his own mental and physical characteristics (the ability to correct himself and improve himself, unlike alive; understanding himself: who am I? what am I? what do I want? what can I do?).
Types of self-knowledge:
§ Indirect (performed by analyzing one's own activities)
§ Direct (acts in the form of self-observation)
Self-knowledge goes on throughout life, even if we are not aware of this, from 3-8 months. infancy (self-recognition) and often ends with the last breath.
In communication, people get to know and appreciate each other. These assessments affect the self-esteem of the individual. Self-esteem- an emotional attitude to one's own image, it is always subjective, although it is based not only on one's own judgments, but also on the opinions of others about a given person.
Psychologists name three motives for turning to self-esteem:
1. Understanding yourself (search for accurate knowledge about yourself).
2. Increasing one's own importance (search for favorable knowledge about oneself).
3. Self-examination (correlation of one's own knowledge about oneself with assessments of one's importance by others).
The level of self-esteem is associated with the satisfaction or dissatisfaction of a person with himself, his activities. Types self-assessment:
ü Realistic (adequate) (corresponds to the real possibilities of H)
ü Unrealistic (inadequate) (problems in communication)
§ overestimated (overestimates himself)
§ underestimated (underestimates himself).
In the formation of self-esteem important role plays a comparison of the image of the real "I" with the image of the ideal that we would like to be. Self-esteem can be expressed as follows:
You can increase self-esteem either by achieving something, such as success, or by lowering the level.
"I-concept"- a relatively stable, more or less conscious and verbally fixed representation of a person about himself. This is the totality of all the individual's ideas about himself and includes assessments, beliefs, behavioral tendencies. In other words, the self-concept is a set of attitudes characteristic of each individual, aimed at himself. The descriptive component of the self-concept is called image of me or picture of me.
The image of "I" does not remain unchanged throughout life. Not only the appearance is changing, but also the attitude towards it, self-esteem becomes more justified, measures are being taken to increase it.
As a result of the development of self-consciousness, a person develops I-concept, which is a combination of all his ideas about the various aspects of his personality and body.
The process of self-knowledge has no boundaries, since the object itself is constantly changing.
Self-realization I - the process of the most complete identification and implementation by the individual of his capabilities, the achievement of the intended goals in solving personally significant problems, which allows the fullest possible realization of the creative potential of the individual. Self-realization can be attributed to the highest human needs, the meaning of life is manifested in self-realization. It is carried out by purposeful influence of the personality on itself.
Self-realization is connected with self-development. Self-development- conscious human activity aimed at the fullest possible realization of oneself as a person
The main ways of self-knowledge:
Analysis of one's own activities and behavior based on comparison with other people;
self-observation;
Self-confession (an internal report to oneself, for example, a personal diary).
Self-knowledge is associated with reflection(from lat. reflexio - reversal), reflecting the process of thinking of an individual about what is happening in his mind, which includes in and his surroundings.
According to psychologists, the central place in understanding the process of one's own development is occupied by the concept identity.
Each person throughout his life goes through the identification of himself with different social groups(social identity) and identification with people who have certain personal characteristics (personal identification), as a result of which knowledge about oneself is born. First, the child learns what gender he belongs to, then what nationality. A little later, he begins to identify himself with the social stratum to which his parents belong, with the city and country where he lives. A mature person identifies himself with representatives of his profession, party, religion, social stratum, etc.
The concept of “behavior” is associated with the concept of personality. From the outside, we are judged by it.
Behavior- an external manifestation of a person's activity, his relationship to society, other people; - a set of human actions performed by him in a relatively long period in constant or changing conditions (characteristic of all living beings, as activity). Manifested in actions, a feature of which is the consciousness of actions
Action- a process aimed at achieving the goal .
deed- an action considered from the point of view of the unity of motive and consequences, intentions and deeds, goals, means.
social behavior- the behavior of a person in society, designed to exert a certain influence on the surrounding people and society as a whole.
Mass- the activity of the masses, which does not have a specific goal and organization, for example, fashion, panic, political movements, etc.
deviant- does not meet the norms accepted in society.
At the core types of social behavior lie the patterns accepted in society, which include mores and customs (unwritten rules).
manners- typical reactions repeated by many people to certain events: they are transformed as people's consciousness changes. ← habit.
customs- the form of human behavior in a certain situation; customs are steadily followed, without thinking about where they came from and why it should be so.
Our behavior is guided by innate instincts(for example, the instinct of self-preservation).
In addition to instincts, a person has emotions (positive and negative experiences of the meaning of life situations and phenomena due to needs), feelings (love, fear, anger).
Emotions- subjective experiences about situations and phenomena of reality (surprise, joy, suffering, anger, fear, etc.).
The senses – emotional states, which are longer than emotions and have a clearly expressed objective character (moral: friendship, love, patriotism; aesthetic: disgust, delight, longing; intellectual: curiosity, doubt, curiosity).
Human behavior is manifested in its relationship with other people. Altruism- a moral principle, which consists in selfless service to people, readiness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of others. Egocentrism- the opposite. Right behavior is about balancing your own interests and respecting the interests of others.
Self-awareness and social behavior
Prepared by:
Teacher
Kostin A.V.
Plan
- Self-awareness and self-knowledge
- Self esteem and self confession
- social behavior
self-awareness- consciousness by the subject of himself, in contrast to the other - other subjects and the world in general; this is a person's awareness of his social status and his vital needs, thoughts, feelings, motives, instincts, experiences, actions.
I know how flies land on honey
I know death that prowls, ruining everything,
I know books, truths and rumors
I know everything but myself.
François Villon
How the world is changing!
And how I change myself!
Only by one name I am called,
In fact, what they call me -
I'm not alone. There are a lot of us. I'm alive.
N. Zabolotsky
Stages of development of self-consciousness :
- Opening "I" occurs at 1 year of age.
- By the age of 2-3, a person begins separate the results of one's actions from the actions of others and is clearly aware of himself as a doer.
- By the age of 7, the ability to evaluate oneself is formed ( self-esteem).
- Adolescence and youthful age - the stage of active self-knowledge, search for yourself, your style. The period of formation of social and moral assessments is coming to an end.
On formation self-awareness affect :
- Assessments of others and status in the peer group.
- The ratio of "I-real" and "I-ideal".
- Evaluation of the results of their activities.
child's perception
others (parents,
peers, etc.)
social values
expectations, ideals
introspection
experience of social
behavior
external data,
feeling of power and
health
Components of self-awareness V.S. Merlin :
- consciousness of one's identity;
- consciousness of one's own "I" as an active, active principle;
- awareness of their mental properties and qualities;
- a certain system of social and moral self-assessments.
Functions of self-awareness
- Self-knowledge - getting information about yourself.
- Emotional value attitude towards oneself.
- Self-regulation of behavior.
The meaning of self-awareness
- Self-consciousness contributes to the achievement of internal consistency of the personality, identity to oneself in the past, present and future.
- Determines the nature and features of the interpretation of the acquired experience.
- Serves as a source of expectations about oneself and one's behavior
Self-esteem represents an emotional relationship to one's own image.
self-esteem = success
claim
self confession is a complete internal report to oneself about what is happening to us and in us.
social behavior- behavior, expressed in the totality of actions and actions of an individual or group in society and depending on socio-economic factors and prevailing norms.
social action - any manifestation of social activity (activity, behavior, reaction, position, etc.), focused on other people.
social interaction- the process of direct or indirect interaction of social subjects with each other, the process of the exchange of actions between two or more subjects.