What is courage in life situations. What is Courage and Fearlessness? Military prowess and courage
a moral quality that characterizes a person's ability to overcome the feeling of fear, insecurity in success, fear of difficulties and adverse consequences for him. Courage implies decisive action in the name of achieving the set goal, loyalty to the chosen ideals and principles despite hostile circumstances and pressure from other people, a frank expression of one's own opinion, especially when it contradicts established or sanctioned by the authorities views, intransigence against any evil and injustice. Concrete expressions of courage are a feat, an initiative, an initiative. Courage is closely related to such moral qualities as courage, steadfastness, adherence to principles, self-control, initiative, and is opposite to cowardice, cowardice, opportunism. The moral assessment of bold deeds depends on their specific social content. Courage is morally justified when it is subordinated to the implementation of humane and just goals, generated by urgent social tasks and expressed in humane and socially progressive actions. Otherwise, acts of personal courage are a manifestation of desperation (actions committed contrary to the logic of history), bravado, ostentatious strife, anarchist rebellion, nihilism and adventurism.
Courage- - a moral quality that characterizes a person's ability to overcome the feeling of fear, insecurity in success, fear of difficulties and adverse consequences for him. S. involves decisive action in the name of achieving the goal, loyalty to the chosen ideals and principles despite hostile circumstances and pressure from other people, a frank expression of one's own opinion, especially when it contradicts established or sanctioned by the authorities views, intransigence against any evil and injustice . The specific expressions of S. are a feat, an initiative, an initiative. S. is closely associated with such moral qualities as courage, steadfastness, adherence to principles, self-control, initiative, and is the opposite of cowardice, cowardice, and opportunism. The moral evaluation of bold deeds depends on their specific social content. S. is morally justified when it is subordinated to the implementation of humane and just goals, generated by urgent social tasks, and expressed in humane and socially progressive actions. Otherwise, acts of personal C- are manifestations of desperation (actions taken contrary to the logic of history), bravado, ostentatious frontierism, anarchist rebellion, nihilism and adventurism. The page as the mass phenomenon in a life about-va is generated by special social conditions and circumstances. It serves as one of the means of resolving the contradiction between the majestic historical tasks and obstacles, difficulties that arise in the way of their implementation (Heroism). S. becomes a mass quality in the era of social revolutions, patriotic wars and great social change. The process of building communism, which includes the constant struggle of the emerging new against the obsolete old (the Feeling of the New), which requires people to be principled, active, creative and creative and revolutionary-critical attitude to reality, constantly gives rise to the need for S. on the part of the masses, their leaders and everyone conscious member of the socialist society.
Courage
A moral quality that characterizes a person's ability to overcome the feeling of fear, insecurity in success, fear of difficulties and adverse consequences for him. S. involves decisive action in the name of achieving the goal, loyalty to the chosen ideals and principles despite hostile circumstances and pressure from other people, a frank expression of one's own opinion, especially when it contradicts established or sanctioned by the authorities views, intransigence against any evil and injustice . The specific expressions of S. are a feat, an initiative, an initiative. S. is closely associated with such moral qualities as courage, steadfastness, adherence to principles, self-control, initiative, and is the opposite of cowardice, cowardice, and opportunism. The moral evaluation of bold deeds depends on their specific social content. S. is morally justified when it is subordinated to the implementation of humane and just goals, generated by urgent social tasks, and expressed in humane and socially progressive actions. Otherwise, acts of personal C- are manifestations of desperation (actions taken contrary to the logic of history), bravado, ostentatious frontierism, anarchist rebellion, nihilism and adventurism. The page as the mass phenomenon in a life about-va is generated by special social conditions and circumstances. It serves as one of the means of resolving the contradiction between the majestic historical tasks and obstacles, difficulties that arise in the way of their implementation (Heroism). S. becomes a mass quality in epochs of social revolutions, patriotic wars, and major social transformations. The process of building communism, which includes the constant struggle of the emerging new against the obsolete old (the Feeling of the New), which requires people to be principled, active, creative and creative and revolutionary-critical attitude to reality, constantly gives rise to the need for S. on the part of the masses, their leaders and everyone conscious member of the socialist society.
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Courage: features and development opportunities
05.05.2015Snezhana Ivanova
Courage is the ability of a person to suppress fear in himself and take responsibility for the chosen way of solving a problem or task ...
Among the many personality traits and characteristics that psychology identifies, the most significant are volitional qualities, namely: perseverance, independence, initiative, determination, endurance and self-control(it also highlights courage and courage). All these qualities help a person to control his actions and behavior.
One can talk about courage when there is a fact of overcoming fear, and it is precisely such actions of a person that can be confidently attributed to the most important and serious act. Courage helps in the fight against fear, a source of anxiety and stress, which is harmful to both physical and psychological health of a person. In the psychological literature, one can find many different ways and methods that help to find the answer to the question. "how to be brave", as well as How to overcome fear and cowardice. But in order to proceed to the analysis various techniques and exercises that will allow you to develop this quality, you first need to analyze what is meant by courage as a category of psychology.
Human Courage: Definition and Characteristics
In the definition of the concept "courage" must proceed from the main reason for its occurrence is fear. Indeed, if a person did not experience fear, he would never know what courage is. Fear in this context can be seen as a kind of preparation for a possible extreme and threatening situation. When this moment comes, fear seems to lose its original meaning, and the features of its experience by a person undergo a certain transformation. Fear can increase or decrease when a person is faced with a critical situation for himself. Here comes the time for active action, which finds its expression in the flight from fear or the fight against it. It is in the latter case that the emergence of courage as a personality trait will be observed.
The courage of a person is often seen as a moral quality of a person, which indicates the ability of people to deal with emerging fear, overcome uncertainty and danger, and also overcome various difficulties and consequences. In psychology, courage is understood as the quality of the will, the special willingness of a person to overcome obstacles and fight fear. The main features of courage as a volitional quality are meaningfulness, timeliness and prudence during the decision of tasks and issues arising in the process of activity, the subsequent implementation of the decisions made into reality, the absence of fear of taking responsibility for one’s choice and its implementation even in conditions of possible risk to one’s own health and life.
Thus, in psychology, courage is viewed from the point of view of a positive volitional quality of a person, which is defined primarily as a person's ability to suppress fear in himself and take responsibility for the chosen way of solving a particular problem or task. Courage is also understood as a certain readiness of a person, as well as his ability to follow the path of achieving the set goal, without bowing to difficulties, dangers and other emerging difficulties that may pose a threat to his well-being.
Based on such an understanding of this category of psychology, it can be assumed that it is possible to say that a person lacks courage when he deviates from his decisions under the influence of critical situations and the understanding that this can harm him. But it should also be noted here that courage does not mean that a person does not have any fears or knowledge of the main ways to solve problems. extreme situations. Courage is the ability of a person to act in those conditions in which it is considered normal not to take any special action.
In psychology, human courage is considered in two aspects:
- as a characteristic of a certain act;
- as a definition of a person (personality trait).
More detailed description understanding of courage from the point of view of this context are discussed in the table.
Understanding Courage in Psychology
Courage, as a certain ability of a person to suppress natural biologically determined defensive reactions that arise at the moment of experiencing fear, and at the same time most effectively control one's actions, deeds and behavior in general, has a number of characteristic features, namely:
- it involves the implementation by a person of decisive actions aimed at achieving certain goals;
- provides for the manifestation of fidelity to those ideals, principles and beliefs that guide a person, even despite the extreme situation in which he finds himself and the hostile attitude of others;
- it is an honest and open expression of one's own views and life positions(especially this will be an important indicator of courage, if all this contradicts the existing stereotypical views and forms of thinking);
- courage is manifested in the intransigence towards the implementation of negative actions, malicious intent or injustice towards another person.
The main reasons for the development of human courage and features of its manifestation
Many examples of human courage in history and literature allow us to note that feats, initiative, decisiveness and opposition to a formed false opinion or idea are considered more striking manifestations of this volitional quality. So, for example, speaking about the mass manifestation of the courage of people, history contains information about many events - these are wars, and revolutions, and scientific discoveries, which were accompanied by the persecution of scientists and even cruel reprisals against them (Roger Bacon, Nicolaus Copernicus, Giordano Bruno, Miguel Servet, Galileo Galilei, Nikola Tesla, Boris Bolotov, etc.).
Examples of the courage of people are also found in modern times, so the names of people who faced critical situations in their lives, but did not give up and did not succumb to fear, are known. So, courage is characteristic of people who save the lives of others (employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, rescuers, paramedics) or are forced to overcome daily natural biologically determined human fears associated with the instinct of self-preservation (pilots, astronauts, testers). Brave people are also called people who, despite all the difficulties that they met on their life path, not broken. Among the most prominent personalities who are called brave, it is worth mentioning:
- Nick Vuychich, who lives without limbs, while he is not only a full member of society, but also sets an example for other people with handicapped How can you cope with difficult times in life?
- Bethany Hamilton, a surfer who lost her arm as a teenager, but that didn't stop her on her way to achieving her goal (she takes part in competitions, winning many awards one after another);
- William Trubridge, who is a world (two-time) champion in a very dangerous type of diving - free diving (diving is carried out without scuba gear);
- Philippe Petit, a well-known tightrope walker, who walked along a rope (length was 61 m) at a height of 450 m and this happened without insurance;
- Fedor Konyukhov, who is known for his around the world travel and repeated crossings of the Atlantic.
A courageous act of a person can be due to various reasons, namely:
- moral duty;
- despair;
- measured and considered risk;
- cowardice (in the event that a person’s courage in one situation allows him to avoid a much greater danger or difficulty in another).
As for the person who lack of courage, then they are talking about deficiency in the development of the following moral qualities:
- courage;
- durability;
- self-control,
- initiative;
- integrity;
- criticality.
The courage of a person includes certain ones, which allow you to determine the presence or absence of this personality trait: courage, perseverance, determination, and one's own strength. But, despite the fact that in most cases courage is considered as a positive quality of the will, it can be appropriate in a certain situation or inappropriate (for a number of reasons). Appropriate courage is considered when it is directed to building cooperation, is distinguished by awareness and meaningfulness, the presence of a plan and strategy of action in a particular situation, and various forms of response are provided, depending on external factors. Courage can be considered inappropriate, If she:
- characterized by impulsiveness, with a short perspective;
- manifests itself as support for patterns, stereotypes and unreasonable principles;
- there is no plan, no strategy, no outcome options.
Human courage can be roughly divided into two types:
- courage to take action, leaving a certain comfort zone (a special role in this stage plays decisiveness);
- courage to continue the initiated action, regardless of the impact of various external factors and conditions (persistence is important here).
Developing Courage: The Most Effective Techniques
The courage of a person, like any other personality trait or skill, can be developed. To do this, you just need to determine the goal and choose the most optimal ways and methods to achieve the intended result. At the very beginning of work on yourself, you need to understand what you need to do and how to gain courage in order to develop this very courage. So, it is necessary to learn some rules and basic conditions that will help in this rather difficult task. They are as follows:
- systematic work should be carried out on oneself, aimed at reducing the impact of fears and the formation necessary qualities to show courage;
- it is necessary to increase self-confidence and strive to form an adequate level of self-esteem;
- it is worth devoting 3 days a week to sports (which is primarily aimed at building strength, agility, flexibility, confidence, stamina and determination of a person, which in turn has a significant impact on the development of his courage);
- it is necessary to direct the work to overcome already formed fears (especially phobias), in this case it is worth asking for help from psychologists or psychotherapists who, in a safe environment, will teach you ways and methods of dealing with them;
- efforts should be made to develop volitional qualities, self-control and self-regulation.
In psychology, there are several most effective methods that contribute to the development of courage:
- gradual loads (a person gradually increases the load in the area where he experiences difficulties and fears);
- devaluation (the goal is to problem situation minimize in importance);
- spontaneity of action (creating a situation where it is necessary to make spontaneous decisions, that is, move away from the existing plan and resort to new methods of action);
- a real example of courage (visualization increases a person’s confidence that he can act in a similar way, the main thing is that the example be real and brave man was of the same level).
- relaxation ( breathing exercises, meditation, removal of muscle clamps);
- awareness or understanding (in order to develop courage, it is necessary to initially realize the real reasons for this desire, to understand what is really needed);
- self-knowledge and self-development (in order to develop any qualities in yourself, you need to study your individual characteristics and the manner of communicating with other people, and after that to begin active work on the development of their personality);
- introspection, reflection and introspection (you need to learn to know and understand yourself).
If you can’t decide on your own how to gain courage, then you should visit special trainings that are aimed at developing and improving your personality.
(344 words) Sometimes it's hard to know if you're brave, especially when everything is going more or less smoothly. But in the life of every person, the unexpected can happen, and you will need to make a difficult choice, take risks, sacrifice dear ones, and, accordingly, not be afraid of circumstances. Therefore, courage often makes itself felt when fate throws up unexpected and complex twists and turns that seem to be dead ends. Confirmation of this conjecture can be found in Russian literature.
When we talk about the courage of the characters, willy-nilly, we recall a never-fading block of Russian classics - Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace". Of course, in such stressful situations, as in war and battles, it is necessary to show courage and be ready for exploits, which is what the main characters of the work do. The noble Andrei Bolkonsky, the peasant soldier Platon Karataev, Nikolai Rostov - they all risked themselves, realizing that a threat to their homeland is a sufficient reason to show courage. Moreover, the author’s favorite heroine, Natasha Rostova, was distinguished by her special courage and, of course, good heart. She helped the wounded soldiers and even gave them the carts allocated for the removal of property, which speaks not only of the self-sacrifice of the heroine, but also of the courage shown at the right time.
Being an optimist, the reader hopes for the favor of fate, and that he will not have to face difficulties in the war. But after all battles can be not only military. Let us recall, for example, how desperately the main character of Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita struggled, losing her beloved. In order for them to be together again, the girl needed incredible courage. Of course, it’s not a fact that the devil’s trials will await us, but the reader definitely has something to learn from the brave Margarita. To meet the Master, she boldly stepped over all obstacles and did not back down from her goal. For example, she had to step into the threatening unknown, agreeing to Azazello's proposal. But she accepted this challenge, because in a situation where our loved ones disappear, it is necessary to make every effort, to show all good qualities to find them.
Everyone will need courage: both the heroes of the war in the battle for the country, and ordinary people coping with life's anxieties. Of course, it is more often manifested when any conflict situation requires our intervention. But no one knows exactly how the circumstances will turn out and at what point it will be necessary to show courage, but it is this quality that will help count on a happy ending.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!Courage is something that people often lack in life. Of course, it is worth fighting with your fears, you need to become more resolute and more serious in your intentions. You can start with a theory, that is, consider the meaning of the word "courage", its synonyms, antonym and examples.
Concept definition
The brave is called the one who is not afraid of danger and laughs in her face or pretends to be. The following remark has become commonplace: the brave is not the one who does not experience fear, but the one who acts in spite of it. There are no people who are not afraid. Rather, scientists have found only one such woman, she physiologically cannot experience feelings of fear. In fact, this is not only impressive, but also disturbing. In fact, this woman is deprived of a sense of self-preservation. However, Western culture celebrates the brave and condemns the coward.
Spectrum of values
Now that there is clarity, we can give a list of values. And since the noun is organically related to the adjective, you will have to refer to it.
- Courageous is a quality that allows a person to ignore obstacles and dangers on the way to a goal.
- A characteristic of a certain action that reveals determination and fearlessness in relation to something. For example, a bold act, a bold statement.
- Bold is also called that which goes beyond the generally accepted both in the intellectual sphere and in the moral sphere. For example, a risky financial project that requires a lot of expenses is a bold one. And women's dress, which challenges high society or a certain circle of people, is also bold. Although the courage here is different.
Let the reader, who expected to see the analysis of a noun, not be indignant at the fact that an adjective is slipped to him. The role of the adjective is to show the versatility of the concept of "courage", this is why we need it here. From meanings we pass to synonyms.
"Courage" substitutions
The reader, of course, would have coped with this trivial task himself, but it is not always possible to remember all the synonyms of a particular word. So here is a list of them:
- courage;
- bravery;
- courage;
- valor.
As you can see, there are not so many options. One has only to say that "courage" and "valor" are, rather, "military" synonyms for the concept of "courage", and "courage" and "bravery" are "civilian". We do not pretend to be the ultimate truth, but offer only an interpretation. Below, when we analyze separately “courage” and “courage”, it will become clear what is hidden under the bizarre classification of “military” and “civilian” words.
The difference between bravery and courage
Perhaps this is the most difficult section to understand, although everything is quite simple. Courage is something that is present in a person all the time, a personality trait, if you will. For example, you can tell about almost anyone whether he is brave or not. We need courage to put in place rude schoolchildren or neighbors in order to express our opinion at work.
The time of courage comes when a person acts in extreme circumstances for himself, possibly life-threatening. Therefore, it was said a little higher about the division into “civilian” and “military” replacements for the concept of “courage” (synonyms are discussed in the previous section).
We hope it is clear that war time in this context should not be understood directly. War can break out in the midst of peaceful life. fighting- this, unfortunately, is not the lot of only professional soldiers. There are also figurative meanings of words in the language.
Courage is a broader and, so to speak, calm concept, and courage implies a greater intensity of experience. Courage and courage are organically linked: without the first there is no second.
"Cowardice" as an eternal linguistic companion of "courage"
Of course, in a psychological sense, cowardice and courage rarely coexist in one person, but in language such a neighborhood is not only possible, but also necessary. Language is a tool by which a person cognizes reality. For a better understanding of a phenomenon, people need a contrast, an alternative point of view. Generously drawing from the reserves of Russian literature, for example, referring to Woland and slightly twisting his words that cowardice is a shadow of courage and courage. The one who could not overcome his fear became a coward, and if he won the fight, he would be called a brave man. Fighting fear is always a challenge.
Examples of courage and courage from the cinema
Fear is a necessary prerequisite for courage and bravery. People who understand are admired in a feat not so much by the fact that the hero is not afraid of dangers, but by the fact that he overcomes his complexes and goes forward.
First, let's take an example by contradiction. There is one hero in cinema who cannot be recognized as brave, even despite the exploits. Let the reader not rack his brains, we are, of course, talking about the terminator from the film of the same name, about that part of it where the title contains the phrase “judgment day”. The Terminator cannot be recognized as a hero, because he does not experience fear, he has nothing to overcome.
And another cinematic example is George McFly from the movie Back to the Future. Here, on the contrary, it makes sense to talk not only about courage, but about real courage. It's about about the moment George knocked Biff out. Because until that time, the botanist had never answered the bully, not only in deed, but also in word, never contradicted.
The word "courage" is multifaceted in meaning, we hope its analysis did not turn out to be too boring.