The distance between the house and the pavement cn town planning. SP42.13330.2011 Urban planning
Brief annotation from the developer
Update and harmonization with Eurocodes
SNiP 2.07.01-89* Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements»
Lead executor - TsNIIP urban planning RAASN
The purpose of updating SNiP 2.07.01-89* is to bring the obsolete provisions of SNiP into line with modern conditions, the market nature of relations between subjects of urban planning activities, with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, including the "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation" (CC RF), as well as the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation". Urban planning standards are aimed at improving the quality of the urban environment, saving material and energy resources, providing social guarantees for the population, including accessibility of the environment for people with limited mobility and people with disabilities.
Changes made by SNiP
New sections have been introduced: 1. "Scope"; 2. "Definitions"; 3. "Normative references".
Section 4. "The concept of development and general organization territories of urban and rural settlements"
The section has been corrected taking into account the new approach to urban planning zoning given in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The concepts and requirements for the formation of suburban areas and green areas of cities are excluded due to the absence of these concepts in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Otherwise, the normative document would be contrary to the current federal law.
Section 5. "Residential areas"
The section has been radically redesigned, starting with the title. The term "residential area" is excluded from the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. A new concept of "residential area" has been introduced. Given the significant social stratification of the population, when determining the volumes and types of residential development, it is proposed to take into account the current and predicted socio-demographic situation in the region and separate city. Taking into account the actual emerging economic opportunities of the population, types of dwellings of different comfort are offered for the first stage of construction and the settlement period.
Recommended design standards: for social housing - 20 m 2 / person, for the middle strata of the population - 30 m 2 / person, for the rich strata of the population - 40 m 2 / person, for the very rich - 60 m 2 / person. and higher. The given average indicators may differ by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as by municipalities, and the refined indicators should be used in the calculations, taking into account the real stratification of society. These issues can be the subject of the development of regional urban planning standards, and the average indicators at the federal level can be considered as certain guidelines.
The choice of types of residential development should also be made taking into account social needs and the solvency of different social strata of the population, demography and family composition, and be determined in regional urban planning standards.
The choice of types of residential development is determined by the availability and quality territorial resources for the development of settlements, local building materials, purchasing power and social needs of various groups of the population. Cheap social housing should be high-rise and dense, while housing intended for others social groups population, should be predominantly low-rise, especially in small urban settlements.
Clarifications have been made on specific indicators and the type of “elite” housing has been excluded.
Table 2. The structure of the housing stock, differentiated by the level of comfort
Type of residential building and apartment by level of comfort | The norm of the area of a residential building and an apartment per person, sq. m | The formula for settling a residential building and an apartment | Share in total housing construction, % |
Prestigious (Business Class) |
40 |
k= n + 2 |
10/15 |
Mass (Economy class) |
30 |
k = n + 1 |
25/50 |
Social (public housing) |
20 |
k = n - 1 |
60/30 |
Specialized | - |
k = n - 2 k = n - 1 |
7/5 |
Notes: 1. The total number of living rooms in an apartment or house (k) and the number of people living (n). 2. Specialized types of housing - hotel-type houses, specialized residential complexes. 3. In the numerator - in the first place, in the denominator - for the estimated period. 4. These normative indicators are not the basis for establishing the norm of real settlement. |
Section 6. "Public and business zones"(new)
The section contains requirements for the formation of public and business zones in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation.
Section 7. "Parameters for the development of residential, public and business zones"(new)
In this section, the usual specific norms of the territory for 1 person. (the area of the green area of the microdistrict, the sizes of sites for various functional purposes) are replaced by the percentage of the area of these territories from the total area of the microdistrict (quarter). This is due to the fact that in the conditions of differentiation of the housing provision per 1 person, taking into account the stratification of the population by income levels, and, accordingly, the types of residential development, the actual number of the living population will constantly change. Therefore, the percentage of undeveloped territories as a minimum indicator will guarantee the preservation of the required number of green areas in the residential area in the process of so-called additional compaction (“piece” placement of residential buildings in the existing development.)
This approach is also associated with the new concept of building density regulation, given in Appendix 4. For the first time, density standards " no more". The given density indicators are coordinated with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the maximum normative population density of the microdistrict of 450 people / ha (SNiP 2.07.01-89 *) is maintained with an estimated housing supply of 20 m 2 / person.
Section 8. "Production zones, zones of engineering and transport infrastructure"
This section has been brought in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation in terms of title and content, and the current sanitary norms and rules have also been taken into account.
Section 9. "Zones of recreational purposes, zones of specially protected territories"
The composition of recreational areas is given in accordance with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. In our opinion, the exclusion of the concepts of “suburban zone” and especially “green zone of the city” from the Urban Planning Code is erroneous and may lead to serious consequences in the future.
Section 10. "Institutions and service enterprises"
Introduced new calculated indicators for placement general education schools, including those located in rural areas. Appendix 7 includes a more expanded list of medical and social institutions
services aimed at persons of the older age group (LSVG) and the disabled, an attempt was made for the first time to introduce norms for the placement of places of worship (temples). More detailed regulations should be developed at the regional and local levels in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Section 11. "Transport and road network"
The level of motorization has been increased to 350 vehicles per 1,000 people. For individual regions, these standards should be specified in regional regulations.
For largest cities(more than 1 million people), an important task is the introduction of off-street types of light-weight high-speed transport (such as "light metro").
The principle of calculation of places for storing vehicles has been changed. New calculated indicators have been introduced for the placement of vehicle storage places - in residential areas it is recommended to calculate the number of parking spaces depending on the category of housing stock, determining the required number by the number of apartments. A mandatory minimum of places for underground storage of vehicles has been introduced for large and major cities. The maximum distances of pedestrian approaches from parking lots for temporary storage of cars have been determined. land plots residential buildings.
Section 12. "Engineering Equipment"
A new subsection "Rain sewerage" has been introduced. This problem is relevant for many cities, especially those prone to periodic flooding and flooding (the cities of Primorsky Krai, etc.).
In general, the current standards correspond to the solution of modern problems.
The main direction in improving the engineering infrastructure is to ensure the integrated development of the entire industry and the introduction of new technologies. The rates of accumulation of household waste have been increased.
Section 14. "Protection environment, historical and cultural monuments s"
The correction of the section is mainly related to bringing the terminology in line with the legislative and normative documents, including with the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On Specially Protected Natural Territories", the Federal Law "On Objects cultural heritage(monuments of history and culture) of peoples Russian Federation". A number of amendments were made at the suggestion of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation, the Ministry natural resources RF.
Section 15. "Fire requirements"(new)
Before sending an electronic application to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, please read the rules of operation of this interactive service set out below.
1. Electronic applications in the field of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia filled in in accordance with the attached form are accepted for consideration.
2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.
3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry provides an objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Consideration of electronic appeals is free of charge.
4. In accordance with the Federal Law of May 2, 2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering applications from citizens of the Russian Federation", electronic applications are registered within three days and sent depending on the content in structural units Ministries. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues, the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the appropriate body or the appropriate official, whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.
5. An electronic appeal is not considered when:
- the absence of the name and surname of the applicant;
- indication of an incomplete or inaccurate postal address;
- the presence of obscene or offensive expressions in the text;
- the presence in the text of a threat to the life, health and property of an official, as well as members of his family;
- use when typing a non-Cyrillic keyboard layout or only capital letters;
- the absence of punctuation marks in the text, the presence of incomprehensible abbreviations;
- the presence in the text of a question to which the applicant has already received a written answer on the merits in connection with previously sent appeals.
6. The response to the applicant of the appeal is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.
7. When considering an appeal, it is not allowed to disclose the information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to privacy citizen without his consent. Information about the personal data of applicants is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements of Russian legislation on personal data.
8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and submitted to the leadership of the Ministry for information. The answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections "for residents" and "for specialists"
Before sending an electronic application to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, please read the rules of operation of this interactive service set out below.
1. Electronic applications in the field of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia filled in in accordance with the attached form are accepted for consideration.
2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.
3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry provides an objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Consideration of electronic appeals is free of charge.
4. In accordance with the Federal Law of May 2, 2006 N 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering applications from citizens of the Russian Federation", electronic applications are registered within three days and sent, depending on the content, to the structural divisions of the Ministry. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues, the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the appropriate body or the appropriate official, whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.
5. An electronic appeal is not considered when:
- the absence of the name and surname of the applicant;
- indication of an incomplete or inaccurate postal address;
- the presence of obscene or offensive expressions in the text;
- the presence in the text of a threat to the life, health and property of an official, as well as members of his family;
- using a non-Cyrillic keyboard layout or only capital letters when typing;
- the absence of punctuation marks in the text, the presence of incomprehensible abbreviations;
- the presence in the text of a question to which the applicant has already received a written answer on the merits in connection with previously sent appeals.
6. The response to the applicant of the appeal is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.
7. When considering an appeal, it is not allowed to disclose the information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to the private life of a citizen, without his consent. Information about the personal data of applicants is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements of Russian legislation on personal data.
8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and submitted to the leadership of the Ministry for information. The answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections "for residents" and "for specialists"
* Taking into account the use of one lane for parking of cars.
Notes
1 The width of streets and roads is determined by calculation depending on the intensity of traffic and pedestrians, the composition of the elements placed within the transverse profile (carriageways, technical lanes for laying underground utilities, sidewalks, green spaces, etc.), taking into account sanitary and hygienic requirements and civil defense requirements. As a rule, the width of streets and roads in the red lines is taken m: main roads - 50-75; main streets - 40-80; streets and roads of local importance - 15-25.
2 In conditions of difficult terrain or reconstruction, as well as in areas with high urban development value of the territory, it is allowed to reduce the design speed for high-speed roads and streets of continuous traffic by 10 km/h with a decrease in the radii of curves in the plan and an increase in longitudinal slopes.
3 For the movement of buses and trolleybuses on main streets and roads in large, large and largest cities an extreme strip 4 m wide should be provided; for the passage of buses during peak hours at a rate of more than 40 units / h, and in conditions of reconstruction - more than 20 units / h, a separate carriageway with a width of 8-12 m is allowed.
On main roads with predominant traffic of trucks, it is allowed to increase the width of the lane up to 4 m.
4 In climatic subregions IA, IB and IG, the greatest longitudinal slopes The carriageway of main streets and roads should be reduced by 10%. In areas with a winter snowfall of more than 600 m / m, within the carriageway of streets and roads, lanes up to 3 m wide should be provided for snow storage.
5 The width of the pedestrian part of sidewalks and paths does not include the area required for kiosks, benches, etc.
6 In climatic subregions IA, IB and IG, in areas with a snow load of more than 200 m / m, the width of sidewalks on main streets should be taken at least 3 m.
7 In the conditions of reconstruction on the streets of local importance, as well as with an estimated pedestrian traffic of less than 50 people per hour in both directions, it is allowed to install sidewalks and paths with a width of 1 m.
8 When sidewalks are directly adjacent to the walls of buildings, retaining walls or fences, their width should be increased by at least 0.5 m.
9 It is allowed to provide for the phased achievement of the design parameters of the main streets and roads, transport intersections, taking into account the specific size of traffic and pedestrians, with the obligatory reservation of the territory and underground space for prospective construction.
10V small, medium and big cities, as well as in the conditions of reconstruction and in the organization one way traffic transport, it is allowed to use the parameters of the main streets of district significance for the design of main streets of citywide significance.
This set of rules has been drawn up in order to increase the level of safety of people in buildings and structures and the safety material assets in accordance with N 384-FZ of December 30, 2009 "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", fulfillment of the requirements of November 23, 2009 N 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency Improvements and on Amendments to Certain Legislative acts of the Russian Federation", increasing the level of harmonization regulatory requirements with European regulations, the use of uniform methods for determining performance and evaluation methods. The requirements of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements" and sets of rules for the fire protection system were also taken into account.
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in current year. If the referenced document is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (modified) document. If the referenced material is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.
4.1 Urban and rural settlements must be designed on the basis of territorial planning documents of the Russian Federation, territorial planning documents of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, territorial planning documents of municipalities.
When planning and developing urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to be guided by the laws of the Russian Federation, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, legislative and regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
4.2 Urban and rural settlements should be designed as elements of the settlement system of the Russian Federation and its constituent republics, territories, regions, municipal districts and municipalities. At the same time, territorial planning should be aimed at determining the designation of territories in territorial planning documents based on a combination of social, economic, environmental and other factors in order to ensure that the interests of citizens and their associations of the Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation, municipalities are taken into account.
4.3 In planning and development projects for urban and rural settlements, it is necessary to provide for a rational sequence of their development. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the prospects for the development of settlements beyond the estimated period, including fundamental decisions on territorial development, functional zoning, planning structure, engineering and transport infrastructure, rational use of natural resources and environmental protection.
4.5 The population for the estimated period should be determined on the basis of data on the prospects for the development of the settlement in the settlement system, taking into account the demographic forecast of natural and mechanical population growth and pendulum migrations.
Prospects for the development of a rural settlement should be determined on the basis of territorial planning schemes for municipal districts, master plans settlements in conjunction with the formation of agro-industrial and recreational complexes, as well as taking into account the placement of utility agriculture enterprises, organizations and institutions.
4.6 The territory for the development of cities must be chosen taking into account the possibility of its rational functional use based on a comparison of options for architectural and planning solutions, technical, economic, sanitary and hygienic indicators, fuel and energy, water, territorial resources, the state of the environment, taking into account the forecast of changes in the future natural and other conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the permissible loads on the environment on the basis of determining its potential, the mode of rational use of territorial and natural resources in order to ensure the most favorable living conditions for the population, to prevent the destruction of natural ecological systems and irreversible changes in the natural environment.
4.7 When developing master plans for cities and rural settlements it is necessary to proceed from an assessment of their economic-geographical, social, industrial, historical-architectural and natural potential. This should:
Take into account the administrative status of cities and rural settlements, the projected population, economic base, location and role in the system of settlement (agglomeration), as well as natural and climatic, socio-demographic, national, domestic and other local characteristics;
Based on a comprehensive assessment and zoning of the city and suburban areas, their rational use, available resources (natural, water, energy, labor, recreational), forecasts of changes in the economic base, the state of the environment and its impact on the living conditions and health of the population, social and demographic situation, including interstate and interregional migration of the population;