Test for the study of personality. Rorschach test
The inventor of this test, like many famous people, died without learning about his contribution to the study and study of personality, the human psyche. After the death of the author, psychologists began to successfully apply the developments of the Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach (Rorschach) for a whole century. The Rorschach projective test is based on showing the subject 10 cards with the image of a symmetrical ink blot. If you look at their photos, you can see that five of them are black, three are colored, and two are red-black.
What is a Rorschach test
The Rorschach technique is a psychodiagnostic study of personality. It was published by Hermann Rorschach in 1921. The second name of the test is Rorschach spots or blots. A seemingly simple test, which is carried out using stimulus materials (cards with pictures), allows you to study the personality in detail, accurately determine the emotional state, find personality disorders and mental abnormalities up to schizophrenia, and identify an indicator of intelligence. Its passage takes a little time and does not require special skills.
Preparing a person for a Rorschach test
To pass a psychological test based on Rorschach pictures, no special preparation is required. However, the passage should be postponed if the day before you:
- nervous, worried;
- consumed alcoholic beverages or drugs;
- took medications that affect the neurological system.
- consumed a large amount of coffee, strong tea on the day of the test;
- feeling unwell, for example, due to illness.
How the test is done
To pass this method of studying personality, a person needs to answer the question at the sight of a card: what do you see in the picture? There is no right or wrong answer here. The Rorschach inkblots are shown in a specific order. As soon as the answers are given, the psychologist will offer the subjects to look at the drawings again. Any answer is accepted, it can be a description of both the whole spot and its part. Cards are allowed to rotate, tilt. At the same time, the psychologist records the answers, analyzes the validity of the test, calculates the scores and gives the result.
There are times when a person does not associate this or that ink spot with anything. This is also not considered an error. This situation indicates that the subject's consciousness is blocking the image or simply does not want to discuss a topic that is not desired at the moment. It is difficult to pass the test with Rorschach blots on your own, it must be done in the presence of a psychologist, otherwise you can only get a “blurred” personality assessment. However, to meet the interest, this is not prohibited.
Decryption
Each test card has an ink blot. A subject looking at Rorschach pictures, with the help of imagination, recreates an animated or inanimate object in his head. Sometimes an ink picture of Rorschach evokes emotions in the subject. There are times when a person does not use all the stain, but part of it. All this must be reported to a specialist. Depending on what the subject saw, a “portrait” of the personality is drawn up. This test you can go through it yourself, using ready-made answers, as in entertaining psychological tests.
First card
The first picture of Rorschach shows a blot of black ink. From the perception of white and black spots, the general psychotype of a healthy subject is determined. The first picture also means the state of the person with whom he came to the Rorschach inkblot test: fear, excitement, etc. Here are some answers and their interpretation:
- Moth. A person feels unnecessary to society, he is clogged and not sociable, often in a state of depression.
- Bat. Discomfort within oneself or, on the contrary, a tendency to orientation in "darkness".
- Butterfly. Symbolizes the stage of rebirth, new beginnings.
- Animal, including its muzzle. Can mean struggling with real problems. Feeling of discomfort.
Second
The following picture is in black and red. With its help, you can determine the sexuality of a person or understand his ability to control vivid emotions, such as anger or rage. Often respondents see blood, people in prayer, or a long-legged animal. The main answers and their decoding:
- Two people. Means that in life the subject pays great attention to sex and any close relationships.
- The man in the mirror. Self-admiration, not devoid of self-criticism.
- Dog. The subject appreciates and cherishes friendship, will always "turn his shoulder" and come to the rescue.
- Bear. The respondent strives for leadership, tries to express his superiority with aggression.
- Negative feelings. A person should face their problems, not run away from them.
Third
This Rorschach picture shows red and black ink blobs. Interpretation is the relation of a person to society. In this blot, people often see two people, a dog, a mole:
- Two people facing each other. If the characters in the picture are playing a game, this stands for rivalry. People wash their hands - a feeling of "dirt", insecurity. People for food active communication, a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.
- Man looking in the mirror. This means inattention to people, egocentrism, inability to understand people.
Fourth
This black-and-white blurry picture on the Rorschach card is called "father's". With its help, the respondent's reaction to authority, leadership qualities, and education is determined. In a blot, people see the skin of an animal, a monster, something big and formidable:
- Monster, monster, big animal. It stands for recognition of authority, power, a sense of inferiority, weakness. Respect for the father and recognition of him as the main one.
- Animal skin. The subject suffers from internal dissonance when touching on the paternal topic. However, at the same time, this may mean, on the contrary, not perceiving one's own attitude to the topic of leadership.
Fifth
At this stage of Rorschach testing, the person is asked to look at the black blob. She, like the very first image, symbolizes "I". In this case, the answers coincide by 80-90%. In other cases, the run-up in answers can be perceived as a great emotional impression from cards 2,3 and 4. During testing, respondents see a moth, a butterfly, bat.
sixth
The sixth Rorschach ink picture is a black and white blot of unusual texture. For many, it is associated with close personal relationships. They call it that - a sexy card. For the subjects, the image resembles the skin of an animal, a hole. This type of perception of the Rorschach blot means detachment from society, loneliness due to unwillingness or fear of close sexual relations.
seventh
This black and white Rorschach blot is called female or childish. Respondents associate it with women or children, the contours of their heads. If a person cannot explain what he sees in the picture, this means difficult relationships with women. Here are the main visions of the blot:
- Kiss. If a person sees two heads reaching for each other for a kiss, then this indicates a close relationship with the mother or a desire to be loved.
- Women's heads. This perception speaks of warm feelings for the mother and for all women in general.
- Children's heads. These are good childhood memories. The desire to take care of someone and be loved.
eighth
This is the first color Rorschach card, which often causes confusion among respondents. The eighth spot consists of pink, blue, gray and orange blots. If the subject cannot describe what is depicted on it, or feels discomfort, then we can say that he has problems with the analysis of complex emotional situations. In this spot, people see a butterfly, a moth, an animal standing on four legs.
The Rorschach test or the Rorschach inkblot technique is one of the most famous psychodiagnostic personality tests. Each of us has seen at least one picture with blots that resemble ... And here, in fact, the test begins, since the answer determines the individual properties and inclinations of a particular person. Recent times, due to the widespread distribution in in social networks, the Rorschach test is often presented in greatly simplified versions, but in fact it is a powerful psychological tool.
I often glimpsed these pictures and heard about this test, but I didn’t have to pass it myself, and even more so I didn’t quite understand the methodology and specifics of this test. Let's all find out about it together now, and at the same time remember about its author and the history of the creation of the Rorschach test
HERMANN RORSCHACH WAS BORN ON NOVEMBER 8, 1884 IN ZURICH (SWITZERLAND). He was the eldest son of an unsuccessful painter who was forced to earn his living by giving art lessons at school. From childhood, Herman was fascinated by color spots (in all likelihood, the result of the creative efforts of his father and the boy's own love for painting), and his school friends nicknamed him Blob. When Herman was twelve, his mother died, and when the young man was eighteen, his father also died. Graduated with honors high school Rorschach decided to study medicine. In 1912, he received his doctorate in medicine from the University of Zurich, after which he worked in a number of psychiatric hospitals. In 1911, while still at university, Rorschach conducted a series of curious experiments to test whether artistically gifted schoolchildren were more imaginative when interpreting ordinary inkblots. This study had a huge impact not only on the future career of a scientist, but also on the development of psychology as a science in general. It must be said that Rorschach was not the first to use color spots in his research.
It is unequivocal to say how the Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist Hermann Rorschach came up with the idea of creating such a test is a very difficult task. PhD Jane Framingham, for example, believes that the children's game "Klecksographie" popular at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, charades based on ink spots, could have prompted such an idea. Blots as a psychological tool could be used by Rorschach's teacher and friend Konrad Goering.
The history of the test itself can be started from 1911, when E. Bleuler first introduced the term “schizophrenia” into scientific use, and G. Rorschach became interested in this disease and devoted his dissertation to its study. In the process of conducting the experimental part, he noticed that patients interpret spots from the Klecksographie game in different ways. But then he made only a small report on his observation.
Several years of practice followed, during which G. Rorschach actively tested the inkblot technique on his patients in order to determine personal behavioral factors. As a result, 40 cards with inkblots were created and theoretical material was collected to present the methodology. But there were difficulties with the publication. Now it's hard to believe, but not a single publishing house of that time wanted to take on the printing of Rorschach's book. And the reason for this was not the fantastic or anti-scientific nature of his ideas, but the banal technical complexity in printing so many blot drawings. As a result, they had to be reduced first to 15, and then to 10. Only after that one of the publishers agreed to release the book. It was published in 1921 under the title "Psychodiagnostik". In it, the author presented his theory of personal characteristics ah people. One of the main provisions is that in the personality of each person such qualities as introversion and extroversion are represented - in other words, that we are motivated by both external and internal factors. According to the scientist, the test with ink spots allows you to evaluate the relative ratio of these properties and identify any mental deviation or, on the contrary, the strengths of the personality. The first edition of Rorschach's book was largely ignored by the psychological scientific community, because at that time the prevailing opinion was that it was impossible to measure or test what a person's personality consisted of. However, over time, colleagues began to understand the benefits of the Rorschach test, and in 1922 the psychiatrist discussed the possibilities of improving his technique at a meeting of the Psychoanalytic Society. Unfortunately, on April 1, 1922, after suffering for a week with severe abdominal pain, Hermann Rorschach was hospitalized with suspected appendicitis, and on April 2 he died of peritonitis. He was only thirty-seven years old, and he never saw the huge success of the psychological tool he invented.
In it, in addition to introducing the concept of “psychodiagnostics” into science, the results of studies with inkblots and the test itself with explanations were presented. Rorschach's own scoring system (in other words, explaining how to interpret the results) focused on the classification of possible answers, and paid little attention to their content. The author of the test died the following year. Despite the weakness of certain aspects of the test (it is not clear to which category of the proposed classification all possible options answer due to the lack of their description in the work), his developments were highly valued for a long time and were the main diagnostic tools in clinical psychology(during the 40-50s of the XX century). In the 1960s, the Rorschach test was criticized, mainly due to the lack of a unified methodology for assessing answers (there are several of the most common scoring systems: Beck, Piotrovsky, Klopfer, etc.).
But complete discrediting was avoided. Mainly thanks to the work of John Exner. He compared 5 dominant rating systems and created something like a unifying system (The Rorschach: A Comprehensive System). Today, many psychologists use the Rorschach test precisely within the Exner Integrative System. It is used for diagnosis in correctional facilities in the United States and some other countries, in forensic science, for the diagnosis of personality disorders in clinical psychology. Also, validity in understanding personality and emotional state The test detects a person in cases where the patient does not want or cannot (due to dementia, for example, as in the case of Charlie Gordon in "Flowers for Algernon") talk about it directly. Globally, based on the answers, one can judge the psychology of a person, understand his past and predict future behavior.
Rorschach ink blots
The Rorschach test uses ten inkblots: five black and white, two black and red, and three colored. The psychologist shows the cards in strict order, asking the patient the same question: “What does it look like?”. After the patient has seen all the pictures and given answers, the psychologist shows the cards again, again in strict order. The patient is asked to name everything that he sees on them, in which place of the picture he sees this or that image, and what in it makes him give just such an answer. Cards can be flipped, tilted, manipulated in any other way. The psychologist must accurately record everything the patient says and does during the test, as well as the timing of each response. The responses are then analyzed and scores are calculated. Then, by mathematical calculations, the result is displayed according to the test data, which is interpreted by a specialist. If some ink spot does not evoke any associations in a person or he cannot describe what he sees on it, this may mean that the object depicted on the card is blocked in his mind, or that the image on it is associated in his subconscious with a topic that at the moment he would not like to discuss.
CARD 1
ON THE FIRST CARD WE SEE A SPOT OF BLACK INK. It is shown first, and the answer to it allows the psychologist to suggest how this person performs new tasks for him - therefore, associated with a certain stress. Usually people say that the image reminds them of a bat, a moth, a butterfly, or the face of some animal, such as an elephant or a rabbit. The response reflects the respondent's personality type as a whole.
For some people, the image of a bat is associated with something unpleasant and even demonic; for others, it is a symbol of rebirth and the ability to navigate in the dark. Butterflies can symbolize transition and transformation, as well as the ability to grow, change, and overcome difficulties. The moth symbolizes a sense of abandonment and ugliness, as well as weakness and anxiety. The face of an animal, in particular an elephant, often symbolizes the way we face adversity and the fear of inner problems. It can also mean "an elephant in a china shop", that is, to convey a feeling of discomfort, and indicate some kind of problem that a person is currently trying to get rid of.
CARD 2
THIS CARD SHOWS A RED AND BLACK SPOT, and people often see something sexy in it. Parts of the red color are usually interpreted as blood, and the reaction to it reflects how a person manages his feelings and anger and how he copes with physical damage. Respondents most often say that this spot reminds them of an act of supplication, two people, a person looking in a mirror, or some kind of long-legged animal, such as a dog, a bear, or an elephant.
If a person sees two people in the spot, this can symbolize interdependence, an obsession with sex, an ambivalent attitude towards sexual contact, or a focus on connection and close relationships with others. If the spot resembles a person reflected in a mirror, this can symbolize self-centeredness or, on the contrary, a tendency to self-criticism. In each of the two options, either a negative or a positive personality characteristic is expressed, depending on what feelings the image evokes in a person. If the respondent sees a dog in the spot, this may mean that he is a faithful and loving friend. If he perceives the stain as something negative, then he needs to face his fears face to face and recognize his inner feelings. If the spot reminds a person of an elephant, this can symbolize a tendency to think, a developed intellect and a good memory; however, sometimes such a vision indicates a negative perception of one's own body. The bear, imprinted in the spot, symbolizes aggression, rivalry, independence, disobedience. In the case of English-speaking patients, a play on words can play a role: bear (bear) and bare (bare), which means a feeling of insecurity, vulnerability, as well as the sincerity and honesty of the responder. The spot on this card is reminiscent of something sexual, and if the respondent sees it as a person praying, this may indicate an attitude towards sex in the context of religion. If at the same time the respondent sees blood in the stain, it means that he associates physical pain with religion or, experiencing complex emotions like anger, resorts to prayer, or associates anger with religion.
CARD 3
THE THIRD CARD DESIGNS A SPOT OF RED AND BLACK INK, and its perception symbolizes the patient's relationship to other people within the framework of social interaction. Most often, respondents see on it the image of two people looking in the mirror of a person, a butterfly or a moth.
If a person sees two dining people in a spot, this means that he is actively social life. A stain that looks like two people washing their hands indicates insecurity, a feeling of impurity, or paranoid fear. If the respondent saw two people playing a game in the spot, this often indicates that he is occupying social interactions opponent's position. If the spot resembles a person looking at his reflection in the mirror, this may indicate self-centeredness, inattention to others and inability to understand people.
CARD 4
THE SPECIALISTS CALL THE FOURTH CARD "FATHER'S". The spot on it is black, and some of its parts are fuzzy, blurry. Many people see something big and frightening in this picture - an image that is usually perceived not as feminine, but as masculine. The reaction to this stain makes it possible to reveal a person's attitude to authorities and the peculiarities of his upbringing. Most often, the spot reminds the respondents of a huge animal or monster, or the hole of some animal or its skin.
If the patient sees a large animal or monster in the spot, this may symbolize a sense of inferiority and admiration for authority, as well as an exaggerated fear of people in positions of power, including his own father. If the spot resembles the skin of an animal responding, this often symbolizes the strongest internal discomfort when discussing topics related to the father. However, this may also indicate that the problem of one's own inferiority or worship of authorities is irrelevant for this respondent.
CARD 5
ON THIS CARD WE SEE THE BLACK SPOT AGAIN. The association caused by him, like the image on the first card, reflects our true "I". Looking at this image, people usually do not feel threatened, and since the previous cards caused them completely different emotions, this time the person does not feel much tension or discomfort - therefore, a deeply personal reaction will be characteristic. If the image he sees is very different from the answer given when he saw the first card, this means that cards two through four most likely made a big impression on him. Most often, this image reminds people of a bat, butterfly or moth.
CARD 6
THE PICTURE ON THIS CARD IS ALSO SINGLE COLOR, BLACK; it is distinguished by the texture of the spot. This image evokes in a person associations with interpersonal intimacy, which is why it is called the “sex card”. Most often, people say that the stain reminds them of a hole or an animal skin, which may indicate a reluctance to enter into close relationships with other people and, as a result, a feeling of inner emptiness and isolation from society.
CARD 7
THE SPOT ON THIS CARD IS ALSO BLACK and is usually associated with the feminine. Since people most often see images of women and children in this spot, it is called "motherly". If a person has difficulty describing what is shown on the card, this may indicate that he has difficult relationships with women in his life. Respondents often say that the stain reminds them of the heads or faces of women or children; it can also evoke memories of a kiss.
If the spot looks like the heads of women, this symbolizes the feelings associated with the mother of the respondent, which also affect his attitude towards the female sex in general. If the spot resembles children's heads, this symbolizes feelings associated with childhood and the need to take care of the child that lives in the soul of the respondent, or that the patient's relationship with the mother needs close attention and, possibly, correction. If a person sees two heads bowed for a kiss in a spot, this indicates his desire to be loved and reunite with his mother, or that he seeks to reproduce the once close relationship with his mother in other relationships, including romantic or social.
CARD 8
THIS CARD IS IN GREY AND PINK AND ORANGE AND BLUE COLORS. Not only is this the first multi-color card in the test, it is also particularly difficult to interpret. If it is precisely when demonstrating it or changing the pace of displaying pictures that the respondent experiences obvious discomfort, it is very likely that in life he has difficulty processing difficult situations or emotional stimuli. Most often, people say that they see a four-legged animal, a butterfly or a moth here.
CARD 9
THE SPOT ON THIS CARD INCLUDES GREEN, PINK AND ORANGE. It has a vague outline, so most people find it difficult to understand what this image reminds them of. For this reason, this card allows you to evaluate how well a person copes with the lack of a clear structure and uncertainty. Most often, patients see on it either the general outlines of a person, or some indefinite form of evil.
If the respondent sees a person, then the feelings experienced at the same time convey how successfully he copes with the disorganization of time and information. If the stain resembles some abstract image of evil, this may indicate that a person needs to have a clear routine in order to feel comfortable, and that he does not cope well with uncertainty.
CARD 10
THE LAST RORSCHACH TEST CARD HAS THE MOST COLORS: there are orange, and yellow, and green, and pink, and gray, and blue. In form, it is somewhat similar to the eighth card, but in terms of complexity it is more similar to the ninth. Many people experience quite pleasant feelings when they see this card, except for those who were very puzzled by the difficulty of identifying the image depicted on the previous card; when they look at this picture, they feel the same way. This may indicate that they have difficulty coping with similar, synchronous, or overlapping stimuli. Most often, people see crab, lobster, spider, rabbit head, snakes or caterpillars on this card.
The image of a crab symbolizes the respondent's tendency to become too attached to things and people, or such a quality as tolerance. If a person sees a lobster in a picture, this may indicate their strength, tolerance and ability to cope with minor problems, as well as the fear of harming themselves or being harmed by someone else. If the spot resembles a spider, it may be a symbol of fear, a feeling that a person has been pulled into difficult situation. In addition, the image of a spider symbolizes an overprotective and caring mother and the power of a woman. If a person sees the head of a rabbit, it can symbolize reproductive ability and a positive attitude towards life. Snakes reflect a sense of danger or a feeling that a person has been deceived, as well as a fear of the unknown. The snake is also often regarded as a phallic symbol and associated with unacceptable or forbidden sexual desires. Since this is the last card in the test, if the patient sees caterpillars on it, this indicates the prospects for his growth and the understanding that people are constantly changing and developing.
sources
http://www.factroom.ru/psychology/rorschach-test
http://4brain.ru/blog/%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1% 85%D0%B0/
http://www.psysocialis.ru/rorshah/
Here are some more interesting tests: for example, and here is a controversial one. Let's remember about and here is such an unusual The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -The Rorschach test ("Rorschach spots") is a psychological projection test containing 10 printed cards (5 black and white, and 5 color). It was created in 1921 and published by psychologist Hermann Rorschach in the journal Psychodiagnostik. During the 1940s and 1950s, this test was inextricably linked to clinical psychology.
During most of the 20th century, the Rorschach test was very common and well interpreted. psychological test. For example, in studies in 1947 (Louttit and Browne) and 1961 (Sundberg), it was named, in terms of frequency of use, the fourth and first psychological test, respectively.
Despite its widespread use, the Rorschach test has been associated big number contradictions. Often, researchers have found it difficult to systematically study the test and its results, and the use of several various systems the ratings of the responses given to each image created a certain amount of confusion.
"Rorschach spots" or a test for psychopaths
Life is a hall of mirrors, an amalgam, a Rorschach test, you see in it only what is inside you.
Al Quotion. collocation
History of Rorschach
Hermann Rorschach never told anyone how he came up with the idea for the test. However, like many figures of the time, he often played the popular game Blotto (Clexography), in which associations associated with poetry are selected or charades are created using inkblots.Cards with such ready-made inkblots were readily available in stores at the time. In addition, his close personal friend and teacher Konrad Goering could suggest using these spots as a psychological tool.
When Eigen Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia" in 1911, Rorschach took an interest in the subject and wrote a dissertation on hallucinations (Bleuler was the chairman of Rorschach's dissertation council). While working with patients with schizophrenia, Rorschach accidentally discovered that they react to Blotto's game differently than other people.
He gave a brief presentation of his discovery to the local psychiatric society, but then that was the end of it. It was only after he opened a psychiatric practice in the Russian Krombaza hospital in Herisau in 1917 that he became interested in systematic research on Blotto's game.
In his studies, which took place from 1918 to 1921, Rorschach used about 40 inkblots, but regularly applied only 15 of them to his patients. Ultimately, he collected data from 405 subjects (117 were not his patients and he used them as controls).
His method of evaluation did not focus on the content of the responses, but on the classification of responses according to their various characteristics. To do this, he used a set of codes - today called ratings - to determine whether the answer was for the entire image (W), a large part of it (D), or a smaller part. The F score was used for the shape detail of the spot, and the C score indicated that the color of the spot was included in the answer.
In 1919-1921 he tried to find a publisher to publish his findings and regularly used 15 inkblot cards. However, all publishers refused to publish all 15 stain images due to the cost of printing. Finally, in 1921, he found a publisher - House of Bircher - who agreed to publish his stains, but only 10 of them. Rorschach revised his manuscript to include only the 10 most used stains out of 15.
Alas, the seal was not enough High Quality, to correctly reproduce the original stains. The original Rorschach spots did not have halftones - they consisted of pure colors. Reproducing them on print added tints. But according to rumors, Rorschach was quite pleased with this appearance of a new addition to his spots. After the publication of a monograph called the Form Interpretation Test ("Analysis of the interpretation of forms"), he died in 1922 in the hospital, where he was placed due to abdominal pain. Rorschach lived to be only 37 years old, and he formally worked on his inkblot tests for only four years.
Grading systems in the Rorschach test
Until the 1970s, there were five main systems for judging the responses given by people who see these spots. Two systems dominated among them - the Beck and Klopfer systems. The other three systems were used less frequently. These were the systems of Hertz, Piotrovsky and Rapaport-Schafer. In 1969, John E Exner, Jr., published the first comparison of these five systems, called The Rorschach Systems ("Rorschach Systems").The discovery of Exner's startling analysis was that for Rorschach spots, there were in fact no five scoring systems. Exner came to the conclusion that these five systems differ from each other so strongly and significantly that it can be considered that five different "Rorschach tests" were created. It's time to get back to the drawing board.
Following his disturbing discovery, Exner set out to create a new, comprehensive Rorschach scoring system that would combine the best components of the five existing systems, supplemented by extensive empirical research on each component.
Work began in 1968, and as part of it, important research was carried out to create a new rating system for Rorschach spots. As a result, in 1973, Exner published the first edition of The Rorschach: A Comprehensive System. In this work, he presented new system grading, which has become the new gold standard (and the only grading system taught to psychologists today).
What does the Rorschach test measure?
The Rorschach Spot Test was not originally intended to be a projective measure of personality characteristics. Instead, he had to build a personality profile of a person with schizophrenia (or another mental disorder), based on frequency estimates.Rorschach himself was skeptical about using his test to measure personality characteristics projectively.
The Rorschach test, at its most basic level, is a task that reflects the psychology of the person taking this test, and also establishes some level of understanding of the patient's past and future behavior.
Patients often use imagination to formulate an answer, but the underlying process of solving this problem has little to do with imagination or creativity.
How is the Rorschach test performed?
The person taking the test is presented with a card with a spot printed on it, and the question is asked, "What could it be?". Answers are usually recorded verbatim (today, recorders are used for this), because they will later be evaluated by a psychologist.The response of the subject to the question of what is shown on the map, Exner divided into three primary phases:
- In phase 1, while the person is looking at the map, their brain is encoding the stimulus (spot) and all of its details. Then he classifies the stimuli and their parts, and an informal ordering (ranking) of possible responses appears in the brain.
- In phase 2, the person discards the low-ranking possible responses and checks the remaining responses that seem appropriate.
- In phase 3, the person selects some of the filtered responses based on characteristic features, styles or other sources of influence.
Mirror reflections are not much different from Rorschach tests
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looking at them, we become a victim of our own myopia or our fears.
Ray Bradbury. Midnight dragon dance
After the patient has gone through all ten spots for the first time and tells the psychologist what he sees in each spot, the psychologist should again offer each spot to the person, asking the person taking the test to help the psychologist see what the person saw at the first answer. It is here that the psychologist receives certain details for a clearer understanding of which and various aspects and where exactly the subject saw in each spot.
Rorschach score
The evaluation of the Rorschach test is a very difficult task that requires good preparation and experience in administering this test. Only professional psychologists are properly trained and have the experience necessary to correctly interpret the results.
Thus, any "Rorschach test" that you can take online on the Internet, or that is performed/interpreted by a specialist in another field, may give unreliable results or be of little use.
Exner's scoring system tests every aspect of an answer, from how many spots are used to what story is associated with the answer (if presented by the answerer), to the level of detail and content type of the answer. Evaluation begins with examining the quality of the response's elaboration—in other words, how well it is crafted, whether the response is generic, vague, or arbitrary.
The basis of the evaluation is related to the coding of the response in accordance with all the characteristics of the spot that are involved in the formation of the response.
The following characteristics are encoded:
- The form.
- Motion - whether motion appears in the response.
- Chromatic color - when color is used in the response.
- Achromatic color - when only black, white, or gray is used in the answer.
- Halftone texture - when a texture is used in the response.
- Halftone dimension - when halftone-related dimensions are used in the answer.
- Semitone Scattering - When semitones are used in the answer.
- Shape dimension - when non-halftone dimensions are used in the answer.
- Pairs and reflections - when pairs or reflections are used in the answer.
The response's organizational activity measures how well the response is organized. Finally, it evaluates the quality of the form - that is, how well the answer matches the spot itself (depending on how the person taking the test describes it). If the spot looks like a bear, and the person describes it as a bear, then it may have an "ordinary" quality of shape - perfectly acceptable, but not showing much creativity or originality.
There are, of course, many popular responses to spots that resemble real life objects or creatures. Exner's scoring system takes this into account by providing extensive tables for each card containing common responses and how they can be coded.
Pictures of Rorschach "spots"
Rorschach test interpretation
After the answers to each card are correctly coded by the psychologist, an interpretative report is formulated based on the response scores. Such a report combines the results obtained from all test answers in such a way that the combined answer cannot distort the results of the test.First, the psychologist checks the adequacy of the test, stress resistance, and the amount of resources available to the person taking the test, comparing them with the requirements imposed on the patient at this time.
Next, the psychologist must study the individual's cognitive performance, the accuracy of perception, the flexibility of ideas and attitudes, the ability to calm and control one's emotions, goal orientation, self-esteem and interests, as well as the relationship of these aspects with others.
There are also a number of less frequently used special indexes for determining suicidal tendencies, schizophrenia and other abnormalities. Usually all of this can be assessed more quickly during a clinical interview, but the Rorschach test can help identify areas of concern in a patient when some questions remain.
VIDEO: Rorschach passes the Rorschach test
A short segment from the film "Watchmen" about a movie character named Rorschach, who takes the Rorschach test during interrogation by the criminal police.About the events in the hero's life that changed his psychology as a person for the worse and about his associations on the Rorschach test.
Conclusion
The Rorschach test is not a magical way to look into a person's soul. This is just an empirically validated method of projective measurement of personality characteristics.It's backed up by almost four decades contemporary research(after the previous four decades of its existence since the first publication of it in 1921).
When asked about what they see in a simple set of ten inkblots, people can often reveal a little more information about themselves than their conscious selves might have intended. This leads to a deeper understanding of the internal motivations of human behavior and the emergence of existing problems.
Rorschach test spots are known to many today. Its creator died very early, at the age of 37. He never saw the great success of the psychological tool he invented...
The Rorschach test is based on showing 10 five black and white, three color and two black and red. The psychologist in strict order shows the cards, asking the patient the question: "What does it look like?" Then, after the patient has given answers to the Rorschach test, the specialist again suggests looking at the cards, again in a certain sequence. The subject is asked to name everything that he could see on them, as well as in what place of the picture he saw this or that image, and what makes the patient give this particular answer. You can tilt, turn over the spots of Rorschach dough. You can manipulate them in all sorts of ways. At the same time, the psychologist conducting the Rorschach test accurately captures everything that the patient does and says during the test and during each response. The scores are then calculated and the responses are analyzed. Then, with the help of mathematical calculations, the result is obtained.
The Rorschach test is interpreted by a specialist. If a person does not evoke any associations with any ink spot, and he cannot say what he sees on it, this may mean that the object depicted on the card is blocked in his mind, or that the corresponding image is associated in the subconscious of the subject with a topic that he would not like to discuss at the moment. As you can see, the Rorschach test is not at all difficult to pass, but it is difficult to do it yourself. It is better to consult a psychologist for this. You can pass the Rorschach test yourself, but only a specialist can correctly interpret the results. However, you can use it to assess a person's personality in general terms.
First card
It has a smudge of black ink on it. This card is shown first when the blot test is done. The received answer allows us to assume how a person performs tasks that are new to him, and therefore related to stress. People usually say that this image looks like a butterfly, a moth, or the face of an animal (rabbit, elephant, etc.). The answer to the question displays the type as a whole.
For some, the image of a bat is associated with something unpleasant, while for others it is a symbol of rebirth, as well as the ability to navigate in the dark. Butterflies can symbolize transformation and transition, as well as the ability to overcome difficulties, change, grow. Moth means a feeling of ugliness and abandonment, as well as anxiety and weakness. The face of an animal (such as an elephant) symbolizes the ways in which we confront difficulties, as well as the fear of our inner problems. It can also mean a feeling of discomfort, talk about a problem that the respondent is currently trying to get rid of.
Second card
It has a red and black patch on it. Often people see something sexy on this card. The red color in the image is usually interpreted as blood, the reaction to which shows how a person can control his anger and feelings. Most often, respondents answer that this spot resembles two people, an act of prayer, a person looking into a mirror or a long-legged animal, for example, a bear, a dog or an elephant.
In the event that a person in a spot sees two people, this may indicate interdependence, an ambivalent attitude to sexual intercourse, an obsession with sex, or a focus on close relationships and connection with others. If it resembles a person reflected in a mirror, this indicates self-centeredness or a tendency to self-criticism. If the respondent sees a dog, then he is a loving and faithful friend. If this stain is perceived as something negative, it means that a person needs to face their fears. If it resembles an elephant, possible interpretations: a developed intellect, a tendency to think, good memory. Sometimes, however, such a vision indicates a negative perception of the respondent's body. Bear means disobedience, independence, rivalry, aggression. The stain is reminiscent of sexuality, so if a person sees a person praying, this indicates an attitude towards sex in a religious context. If at the same time he notices blood, it means that he associates physical pain with religion or resorts to prayer, experiencing complex emotions (for example, anger), etc.
Third card
On it we see a spot of black and red ink. Perception of it speaks about the relationship of a person to others in the framework of interaction. Respondents most often see the image of two people, a person looking in a mirror, a moth or a butterfly. If a person notices two diners, then he leads an active public life. If the stain resembles two people washing their hands, this indicates a feeling of uncleanness, insecurity, or paranoid fear. If the respondent saw in him two people who are playing a game, it is often noted that in social interactions he takes the position of a rival. If the subject notices a person who looks at his reflection in the mirror, he may be inattentive to others, self-centered, unable to understand people.
Fourth card
Let's continue to describe the Rorschach spots. The 4th card is called "father's". On it we see a black spot and some blurry fuzzy parts of it. Many talk about something awesome and big. The reaction to this stain can reveal the attitude of the respondent to authorities, as well as the peculiarities of his upbringing. It most often resembles a huge animal or its hole or skin, or a monster.
If a person sees a monster or a large animal, this indicates a worship of authority and a sense of inferiority, an exaggerated fear of people in positions of power, including his own father. The skin of an animal often symbolizes the strong internal discomfort of the respondent when discussing topics related to the father. But it may also indicate that for him the problem of admiration for authorities or his inferiority is irrelevant.
Fifth card
This is a black spot. The association caused by him displays, as on the first card, the true "I". People, looking at the image, usually do not feel threatened. If the image that the respondent saw is significantly different from the answer received when they saw the 1st card, this indicates that, most likely, the Rorschach spots - from the 2nd to the 4th - made a big impression on this person. The image most often resembles a bat, moth or butterfly.
Sixth card
The image on it is also black, one-color. This card is distinguished by the texture of the spot. For a person, the image on it evokes intimacy, and therefore it is called a "sex card". Respondents most often note that the spot resembles the skin of an animal or a hole. This may mean a reluctance to enter into close relationships with other people and, as a result, a feeling of isolation from society and inner emptiness.
Seventh card
On this card, the spot is also black. Respondents usually associate it with the feminine principle. Most often, people see images of children and women in it. If a person finds it difficult to describe what is depicted, this may indicate that he has a difficult relationship with women. Often respondents note that the spot resembles the faces or heads of women and children. It can also remind you of a kiss. Women's heads testify to the feelings associated with the mother, affecting the attitude towards women in general. Children's heads mean an attitude towards childhood, the need to take care of a child living in a person's soul. Heads bowed for a kiss mean the desire to be loved, as well as reunite with the mother.
Eighth card
It has pink, gray, blue and orange colors. This is the first multi-colored card in the test and is especially difficult to interpret. If during the demonstration the respondent feels discomfort, it is likely that he has difficulty processing complex emotional stimuli or situations. People most often report seeing a butterfly, a quadruped, or a moth.
Ninth card
The spot on it includes pink, green and orange colors and has an indefinite outline. Most people find it difficult to determine what a given image resembles. Therefore, the card can assess how a person copes with uncertainty and the lack of a clear structure. Patients most often see the general outline of a person or a vague form of evil. If the respondent sees a person, then the feelings experienced at the same time indicate how successfully he can cope with the disorganization of information and time. An abstract image of evil can symbolize that a person needs a clear routine in life to feel comfortable, and he copes poorly with uncertainty.
Tenth card
The Rorschach psychological test ends with the 10th card. It has the most colors: yellow, and orange, and pink, and green, and blue, and gray. This card resembles the 8th in shape, and the 9th in complexity. At the sight of her, many experience pleasant feelings, except for those who are puzzled by the difficulty of identifying the image depicted on the 9th card, which the Rorschach test offers. The interpretation is most often as follows: spider, lobster, crab, rabbit head, caterpillars or snakes. Crab means a tendency to become attached to things and people, or tolerance. Lobster indicates tolerance, strength, ability to cope with problems, fear of harming oneself or fear of harm from another. A spider can mean fear, a feeling that the respondent has been tricked or forced into a difficult situation. The head of a rabbit speaks of a positive attitude towards life and reproductive ability. Snakes - a sense of danger, fear of the unknown, a feeling that a person has been deceived. In addition, they can mean forbidden or unacceptable sexual desires. Caterpillars testify to the understanding that people are constantly evolving and changing, they speak of growth prospects.
So, we have briefly described the Rorschach test. It is not easy to interpret the results on your own - a good knowledge of psychology is required. However, in general terms, you can get an idea of \u200b\u200ba person based on this test.
The presented projective methodology for the study of personality under the authorship of Hermann Rorschach (first published in 1921) today occupies one of the leading places in the world of psychodiagnostic research. A person who is little aware of the peculiarities of human thinking can at first classify this work as a creative research. However, in reality, thinking only decorates images that are dictated by completely different mechanisms. Henry Rorscharch was sure that the images arising from ink spots are individual and unique for each person. Ordinary, at first glance, fantasy, in fact, turns out to be a complex and intricate process of the brain. The essence of the Rorschach test, which is easy to pass online for free today, is to analyze the images seen. In other words, the subject is asked to look at the inkblot and say what he associates with it. In addition to keeping records of each spoken word of a person passing the test, the time it takes for him to answer and other features of testing is recorded. In conclusion, the specialist clarifies the individual details of these answers, and can carry out the so-called "limit determination" procedure. Each given response is evaluated according to the following criteria:- localization (the subject's association can be associated with both the whole image and its part);
- determinants (there is a record of the use of colors, shapes or an image in the response of the tested person, reflecting their mixing);
- level of form (the degree of adequacy of the presented image to the response of the subject is assessed);
- content (attention is drawn to the associative array of the tested - whether he correlates the presented images with people or they remind him more of inanimate objects and animals);
- originality-popularity (statistics of originality of answers are kept, where the one that was given by at least 30% of the subjects is considered popular).
The decision to take the Rorschach test online for free is a unique opportunity to diagnose the structural characteristics of a personality:
- based on the affective-need sphere and cognitive activity define cognitive style;
- study defense mechanisms;
- establish the type of experience;
- other.
Clinical Trials
According to the theory of G. Rorschach, the use of the entire ink spot as an association by the subject is a clear indicator of his systematized thinking. While paying attention to details is a characteristic of a petty and meticulous person. Putting an emphasis on some unusual elements is a reflection of a person's ability to heightened observation. There were cases when the test subject took not the ink spot itself, but the white background surrounding it as the basis for the answer. Rorschach believed that such a decision could also be interpreted in its own way. In healthy people, this feature was expressed in a tendency to conduct discussions, self-will and stubbornness. As for mentally ill people, their choice of a white background is a reflection of negativism and odd behavior. Simply put, the ordinaryness of human thinking was assessed here. If a person paid attention to various trifles, he could be characterized as a pedant. If a white background was taken as the basis of the image, then there was work with an extraordinary person.Particular attention was paid to the clarity of perception of the image. If the test subject perceived the inkblot or part of it as something static, the specialist could conclude that he had intelligence and sustained attention. Association with something movable was regarded as specificity of intelligence, introversion and emotional stability. Emotional lability was revealed by analyzing the frequency of "color" responses of the test person. The type of Rorschach experience was determined by the ratio of responses by movement and color. If the subject was dominated by color responses, he was classified as an extra-tensive person. If he emphasized responses related to movement, he was classified as an introvert. At the same time, the latter showed a greater orientation to internal experiences than to external ones. The content of the answers (the emerging image in the test subject) was of little interest to the author of the methodology. He believed that the currently relevant association is nothing more than a temporary phenomenon.
How to pass the Rorschach test online for free?
First of all, it is necessary to create an environment appropriate for passing the test - to settle down in a quiet, calm, bright place away from strangers. If there is a need for the presence of a third person, the test subject must be notified in advance. It is important to ensure the continuity of the testing process - to exclude the possibility of answering phone calls and other distractions. If the subject wears glasses, you need to make sure that he took them with him. When conducting a comprehensive study of personality, a psychologist is recommended to start it with the Rorschach test.As the material base of the test, 10 pictures depicting blurred outlines of ink spots are used. Half of them are in color, the other half are black and white. The test subject's task is to look at the proposed cards and express his opinion about the picture - who or what it is, where it is, what it is doing, and so on.